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Ding YN, Ding HY, Li H, Yang R, Huang JY, Chen H, Wang LH, Wang YJ, Hu CM, An YL, Zhang ZY, Yu WP, Tang QS, Shao GL. Photosensitive Small Extracellular Vesicles Regulate the Immune Microenvironment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Acta Biomater 2023:S1742-7061(23)00329-X. [PMID: 37302734 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is limited by the special pathological characteristics of this disease. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has created new hope for the treatment of TNBC. Moreover, PDT can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and improve tumor immunogenicity. However, even though PDT can improve the immunogenicity of TNBC, the inhibitory immune microenvironment of TNBC still weakens the antitumor immune response. Therefore, we used the neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor GW4869 to inhibit the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) by TNBC cells to improve the tumor immune microenvironment and enhance antitumor immunity. In addition, bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived sEVs have good biological safety and a strong drug loading capacity, which can effectively improve the efficiency of drug delivery. In this study, we first obtained primary BMSCs and sEVs, and then the photosensitizers Ce6 and GW4869 were loaded into the sEVs by electroporation to produce immunomodulatory photosensitive nanovesicles (Ce6-GW4869/sEVs). When administered to TNBC cells or orthotopic TNBC models, these photosensitive sEVs could specifically target TNBC and improve the tumor immune microenvironment. Moreover, PDT combined with GW4869-based therapy showed a potent synergistic antitumor effect mediated by direct killing of TNBC and activation of antitumor immunity. Here, we designed photosensitive sEVs that could target TNBC and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment, providing a potential approach for improving the effectiveness of TNBC treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We designed an immunomodulatory photosensitive nanovesicle (Ce6-GW4869/sEVs) with the photosensitizer Ce6 to achieve photodynamic therapy and the neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor GW4869 to inhibit the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) by triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to improve the tumor immune microenvironment and enhance antitumor immunity. In this study, the immunomodulatory photosensitive nanovesicle could target TNBC cells and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment, thus providing a potential approach for improving the treatment effect in TNBC. We found that the reduction in tumor sEVs secretion induced by GW4869 improved the tumor-suppressive immune microenvironment. Moreover, similar therapeutic strategies can also be applied in other kinds of tumors, especially immunosuppressive tumors, which is of great value for the clinical translation of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Ding
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Yan Ding
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of tuberculosis, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Yan Huang
- Department of tuberculosis, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - He Chen
- First people's hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Hong Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yun-Juan Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- Department of tuberculosis, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Li An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Jinling hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China..
| | - Qiu-Sha Tang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China..
| | - Guo-Liang Shao
- Department of interventional oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China..
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Lee SH, Lim CL, Shen W, Tan SMX, Woo ARE, Yap YHY, Sian CAS, Goh WWB, Yu WP, Li L, Lin VCL. Author Correction: Activation function 1 of progesterone receptor is required for progesterone antagonism of oestrogen action in the uterus. BMC Biol 2023; 21:34. [PMID: 36797738 PMCID: PMC9933256 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hao Lee
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Chew Leng Lim
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wei Shen
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Samuel Ming Xuan Tan
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Amanda Rui En Woo
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Yeannie H. Y. Yap
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore ,grid.459705.a0000 0004 0366 8575Present Address: Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Caitlyn Ang Su Sian
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wilson Wen Bin Goh
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- grid.185448.40000 0004 0637 0221Animal Gene Editing Laboratory (AGEL), Biological Resource Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Li Li
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Valerie C. L. Lin
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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3
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Ding YN, Xue M, Tang QS, Wang LJ, Ding HY, Li H, Gao CC, Yu WP. Immunotherapy-based novel nanoparticles in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer: Trends and challenges. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5403-5419. [PMID: 36312831 PMCID: PMC9611702 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i37.5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is the most common cancer with a poor prognosis. Currently, surgery is the main treatment for GIC. However, the high rate of postoperative recurrence leads to a low five-year survival rate. In recent years, immunotherapy has received much attention. As the only immunotherapy drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) drugs have great potential in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the efficacy of ICB treatment is greatly limited by the low immunogenicity and immunosuppressive microenvironment of GIC. Therefore, the targets of immunotherapy have expanded from ICB to increasing tumor immunogenicity, increasing the recruitment and maturation of immune cells and reducing the proportion of inhibitory immune cells, such as M2-like macrophages, regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Moreover, with the development of nanotechnology, a variety of nanoparticles have been approved by the FDA for clinical therapy, so novel nanodrug delivery systems have become a research focus for anticancer therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the application of immunotherapy-based nanoparticles in GICs, such as gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer, and described the existing challenges and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiu-Sha Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Yan Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Gao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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4
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Lee SH, Lim CL, Shen W, Tan SMX, Woo ARE, Yap YHY, Sian CAS, Goh WWB, Yu WP, Li L, Lin VCL. Activation function 1 of progesterone receptor is required for progesterone antagonism of oestrogen action in the uterus. BMC Biol 2022; 20:222. [PMID: 36199058 PMCID: PMC9535881 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone receptor (PGR) is a master regulator of uterine function through antagonistic and synergistic interplays with oestrogen receptors. PGR action is primarily mediated by activation functions AF1 and AF2, but their physiological significance is unknown. RESULTS We report the first study of AF1 function in mice. The AF1 mutant mice are infertile with impaired implantation and decidualization. This is associated with a delay in the cessation of epithelial proliferation and in the initiation of stromal proliferation at preimplantation. Despite tissue selective effect on PGR target genes, AF1 mutations caused global loss of the antioestrogenic activity of progesterone in both pregnant and ovariectomized models. Importantly, the study provides evidence that PGR can exert an antioestrogenic effect by genomic inhibition of Esr1 and Greb1 expression. ChIP-Seq data mining reveals intermingled PGR and ESR1 binding on Esr1 and Greb1 gene enhancers. Chromatin conformation analysis shows reduced interactions in these genes' loci in the mutant, coinciding with their upregulations. CONCLUSION AF1 mediates genomic inhibition of ESR1 action globally whilst it also has tissue-selective effect on PGR target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hao Lee
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Chew Leng Lim
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wei Shen
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Samuel Ming Xuan Tan
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Amanda Rui En Woo
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Yeannie H. Y. Yap
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore ,grid.459705.a0000 0004 0366 8575Present Address: Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Caitlyn Ang Su Sian
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wilson Wen Bin Goh
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- grid.185448.40000 0004 0637 0221Animal Gene Editing Laboratory (AGEL), Biological Resource Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Li Li
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Valerie C. L. Lin
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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5
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Zhang ZW, Tu H, Jiang M, Vanan S, Chia SY, Jang SE, Saw WT, Ong ZW, Ma DR, Zhou ZD, Xu J, Guo KH, Yu WP, Ling SC, Margolin RA, Chain DG, Zeng L, Tan EK. The APP intracellular domain promotes LRRK2 expression to enable feed-forward neurodegenerative mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabk3411. [PMID: 35998231 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abk3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are common in familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that impairs motor and cognitive function. We previously demonstrated that LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) triggers the production and nuclear translocation of the APP intracellular domain (AICD). Here, we connected LRRK2 to AICD in a feed-forward cycle that enhanced LRRK2-mediated neurotoxicity. In cooperation with the transcription factor FOXO3a, AICD promoted LRRK2 expression, thus increasing the abundance of LRRK2 that promotes AICD activation. APP deficiency in LRRK2G2019S mice suppressed LRRK2 expression, LRRK2-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein accumulation, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) loss in the brain, phenotypes associated with toxicity and loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Conversely, AICD overexpression increased LRRK2 expression and LRRK2-mediated neurotoxicity in LRRK2G2019S mice. In LRRK2G2019S mice or cultured dopaminergic neurons from LRRK2G2019S patients, treatment with itanapraced reduced LRRK2 expression and was neuroprotective. Itanapraced showed similar effects in a neurotoxin-induced PD mouse model, suggesting that inhibiting the AICD may also have therapeutic benefits in idiopathic PD. Our findings reveal a therapeutically targetable, feed-forward mechanism through which AICD promotes LRRK2-mediated neurotoxicity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Haitao Tu
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Mei Jiang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Sarivin Vanan
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Sook Yoong Chia
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Se-Eun Jang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Wuan-Ting Saw
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital (SGH) Campus, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Wei Ong
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Dong-Rui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhou
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital (SGH) Campus, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Kai-Hua Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Animal Gene Editing Laboratory, Biological Resource Center, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Shuo-Chien Ling
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | | | | | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Novena Campus, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital (SGH) Campus, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
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6
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Darlyuk-Saadon I, Heng CKM, Bai C, Gilad N, Yu WP, Meng Huang Mok M, Wong WSF, Engelberg D. Expression of a constitutively active p38α mutant in mice causes early death, anemia, and accumulation of immunosuppressive cells. FEBS J 2021; 288:3978-3999. [PMID: 33410203 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The MAP kinase p38α is associated with numerous processes in eukaryotes, and its elevated activity is a prominent feature of inflammatory diseases, allergies, and aging. Since p38α is a nodal component of a complex signaling network, it is difficult to reveal exactly how p38α contributes to disparate outcomes. Identification of p38α -specific effects requires activation of p38α per se in vivo. We generated a transgenic mouse model that meets this requirement by allowing inducible and reversible expression of an intrinsically active p38α molecule (p38αD176A+F327S ). p38α's activation across all murine tissues resulted in a significant loss of body weight and death of about 40% of the mice within 17 weeks of activation, although most tissues were unaffected. Flow cytometric analysis of the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid detected an accumulation of 'debris' within the airways, suggesting impaired clearance. It also revealed increased numbers of alternatively activated alveolar macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells within the lung, pointing at suppression and resolution of inflammation. Blood count suggested that mice expressing p38αD176A+F327S suffer from hemolytic anemia. Flow cytometry of bone marrow revealed a reduced number of hematopoietic stem cells and abnormalities in the erythroid lineage. Unexpectedly, p38α's substrate MAPKAPK2, mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 was downregulated in mice expressing p38αD176A+F327S , suggesting that constitutive activity of p38α may impose pathological phenotypes by downregulating downstream components, perhaps via a feedback inhibition mechanism. In summary, this new mouse model shows that induced p38α activity per se is hazardous to mouse vitality and welfare, although pathological parameters are apparent only in blood count, bone marrow, and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Darlyuk-Saadon
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ, Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Diseases Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chew Kiat Matthew Heng
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ, Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Diseases Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chen Bai
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ, Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Diseases Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nechama Gilad
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ, Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Diseases Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Animal Gene Editing Laboratory (AGEL), Biological Resource Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - W S Fred Wong
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ, Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Diseases Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Engelberg
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ, Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Diseases Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Gu Y, Yu J, Ding C, Zhou Y, Yang J, Yu W, Zhang X, Huang H. Flavonoid GL-V9 suppresses invasion and migration of human colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/Akt and MMP-2/9 signaling. J Cancer 2021; 12:4542-4551. [PMID: 34149918 PMCID: PMC8210567 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor distant metastasis is the primary cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. GL-V9 is a newly synthesized flavonoid derivative with several beneficial biological functions including anti-tumor and anti-inflammation. However, the anti-metastatic effect of GL-V9 and related mechanisms in CRC remains unknown. In this study, the anti-invasive and anti-migratory activities of GL-V9 were investigated in CRC cells. Using MTT assay, cell wound healing assay, and transwell migration assay, we showed that GL-V9 suppressed CRC cell viability, migration, and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the protein expression levels as well as activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were significantly reduced after GL-V9 treatment. Further analysis of the underlying mechanism revealed that GL-V9 inhibited PI3K/Akt signaling pathway upstream of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that GL-V9 could suppress CRC cell invasion and migration through PI3K/Ak and MMP-2/9 axis. Therefore, GL-V9 might be a potential novel therapeutic agent against CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jiejie Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
| | - Cong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
| | - Jiangfeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
| | - WeiPing Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R.China
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Wang Z, Cheng ZX, Abrams ST, Lin ZQ, Yates E, Yu Q, Yu WP, Chen PS, Toh CH, Wang GZ. Extracellular histones stimulate collagen expression in vitro and promote liver fibrogenesis in a mouse model via the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7513-7527. [PMID: 33384551 PMCID: PMC7754552 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i47.7513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis progressing to liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma is very common and causes more than one million deaths annually. Fibrosis develops from recurrent liver injury but the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Recently, the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway has been reported to contribute to fibrosis. Extracellular histones are ligands of TLR4 but their roles in liver fibrosis have not been investigated. AIM To investigate the roles and potential mechanisms of extracellular histones in liver fibrosis. METHODS In vitro, LX2 human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were treated with histones in the presence or absence of non-anticoagulant heparin (NAHP) for neutralizing histones or TLR4-blocking antibody. The resultant cellular expression of collagen I was detected using western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. In vivo, the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model was generated in male 6-week-old ICR mice and in TLR4 or MyD88 knockout and parental mice. Circulating histones were detected and the effect of NAHP was evaluated. RESULTS Extracellular histones strongly stimulated LX2 cells to produce collagen I. Histone-enhanced collagen expression was significantly reduced by NAHP and TLR4-blocking antibody. In CCl4-treated wild type mice, circulating histones were dramatically increased and maintained high levels during the duration of fibrosis-induction. Injection of NAHP not only reduced alanine aminotransferase and liver injury scores, but also significantly reduced fibrogenesis. Since the TLR4-blocking antibody reduced histone-enhanced collagen I production in HSC, the CCl4 model with TLR4 and MyD88 knockout mice was used to demonstrate the roles of the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. The levels of liver fibrosis were indeed significantly reduced in knockout mice compared to wild type parental mice. CONCLUSION Extracellular histones potentially enhance fibrogenesis via the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway and NAHP has therapeutic potential by detoxifying extracellular histones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Simon T Abrams
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Zi-Qi Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Edwin Yates
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng-Hock Toh
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
- Roald Dahl Haemostasis & Thrombosis Ctr, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Guo-Zheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
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9
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Vanan S, Zeng X, Chia SY, Varnäs K, Jiang M, Zhang K, Saw WT, Padmanabhan P, Yu WP, Zhou ZD, Halldin C, Gulyás B, Tan EK, Zeng L. Altered striatal dopamine levels in Parkinson's disease VPS35 D620N mutant transgenic aged mice. Mol Brain 2020; 13:164. [PMID: 33261640 PMCID: PMC7706192 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) is a major component of the retromer complex that mediates the retrograde transport of cargo proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Mutations such as D620N in the VPS35 gene have been identified in patients with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains poorly understood whether and how VPS35 deficiency or mutation contributes to PD pathogenesis; specifically, the studies that have examined VPS35 thus far have differed in results and methodologies. We generated a VPS35 D620N mouse model using a Rosa26-based transgene expression platform to allow expression in a spatial manner, so as to better address these discrepancies. Here, aged (20-months-old) mice were first subjected to behavioral tests. Subsequently, DAB staining analysis of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons with the marker for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was performed. Next, HPLC was used to determine dopamine levels, along with levels of its two metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in the striatum. Western blotting was also performed to study the levels of key proteins associated with PD. Lastly, autoradiography (ARG) evaluation of [3H]FE-PE2I binding to the striatal dopamine transporter DAT was carried out. We found that VPS35 D620N Tg mice displayed a significantly higher dopamine level than NTg counterparts. All results were then compared with that of current VPS35 studies to shed light on the disease pathogenesis. Our model allows future studies to explicitly control spatial expression of the transgene which would generate a more reliable PD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarivin Vanan
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxia Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Sook Yoong Chia
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet PET Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, R5:02, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Jiang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Ke Zhang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Wuan Ting Saw
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Animal Gene Editing Laboratory, Biological Resource Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhou
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.,Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet PET Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, R5:02, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet PET Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, R5:02, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore. .,Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, SGH Campus, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore. .,Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Center for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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10
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Jiang M, Vanan S, Tu HT, Zhang W, Zhang ZW, Chia SY, Jang SE, Zeng XX, Yu WP, Xu J, Guo KH, Zeng L. Amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain-dependent regulation of FOXO3a inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:250-263. [PMID: 32866886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular domain (AICD) is a metabolic by-product of APP produced through sequential proteolytic cleavage by α-, β-, and γ-secretases. The interaction between AICD and Fe65 has been reported to impair adult neurogenesis in vivo. However, the exact role of AICD in mediating neural stem cell fate remains unclear. To identify the role of AICD in neuronal proliferation and differentiation, as well as to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of AICD in neurogenesis, we first generated a mouse model expressing the Rosa26-based AICD transgene. AICD overexpression did not alter the spatiotemporal expression pattern of full-length APP or accumulation of its metabolites. In addition, AICD decreased the newly generated neural progenitor cell (NPC) pool, inhibited the proliferation and differentiation efficiency of NPCs, and increased cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Given that abnormal neurogenesis is often associated with depression-like behavior in adult mice, we conducted a forced swim test and tail suspension test with AICD mice and found a depression-like behavioral phenotype in AICD transgenic mice. Moreover, AICD stimulated FOXO3a transcriptional activation, which in turn negatively regulated AICD. In addition, functional loss of FOXO3a in NPCs derived from the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult AICD transgenic mice rescued neurogenesis defects. AICD also increased the mRNA expression of FOXO3a target genes related to neurogenesis and cell death. These results suggest that FOXO3a is the functional target of AICD in neurogenesis regulation. Our study reveals the role of AICD in mediating neural stem cell fate to maintain homeostasis during brain development via interaction with FOXO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Sarivin Vanan
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Hai-Tao Tu
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Sook-Yoong Chia
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Se Eun Jang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Xia Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Animal Gene Editing Laboratory, Biological resource Centre, A∗STAR, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Kai-Hua Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Novena Campus, Singapore.
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11
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Nguyen DM, Chen LS, Jeng G, Yu WP, Chen TY. Cobalt ion interaction with TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channel: Inhibition and potentiation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231812. [PMID: 32302365 PMCID: PMC7164836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A, a Ca2+-sensitive Cl- channel, plays key roles in many physiological functions related to Cl- transport across lipid membranes. Activation of this channel is mediated via binding intracellular Ca2+ to the channel with a relatively high apparent affinity, roughly in the sub-μM to low μM concentration range. Recently available high-resolution structures of TMEM16 molecules reveal that the high-affinity Ca2+ activation sites are formed by several acidic amino acids, using their negatively charged sidechain carboxylates to coordinate the bound Ca2+. In this study, we examine the interaction of TMEM16A with a divalent cation, Co2+, which by itself cannot activate current in TMEM16A. This divalent cation, however, has two effects when applied intracellularly. It inhibits the Ca2+-induced TMEM16A current by competing with Ca2+ for the aforementioned high-affinity activation sites. In addition, Co2+ also potentiates the Ca2+-induced current with a low affinity. This potentiation effect requires high concentration (mM) of Co2+, similar to our previous findings that high concentrations (mM) of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) can induce more TMEM16A current after the Ca2+-activation sites are saturated by tens of μM [Ca2+]i. The degrees of potentiation by Co2+ and Ca2+ also roughly correlate with each other. Interestingly, mutating a pore residue of TMEM16A, Y589, alters the degree of potentiation in that the smaller the sidechain of the replaced residue, the larger the potentiation induced by divalent cations. We suggest that the Co2+ potentiation and the Ca2+ potentiation share a similar mechanism by increasing Cl- flux through the channel pore, perhaps due to an increase of positive pore potential after the binding of divalent cations to phospholipids in the pore. A smaller sidechain of a pore residue may allow the pore to accommodate more phospholipids, thus enhancing the current potentiation caused by high concentrations of divalent cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung M. Nguyen
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Louisa S. Chen
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Grace Jeng
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Tsung-Yu Chen
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Chen H, Moreno-Moral A, Pesce F, Devapragash N, Mancini M, Heng EL, Rotival M, Srivastava PK, Harmston N, Shkura K, Rackham OJL, Yu WP, Sun XM, Tee NGZ, Tan ELS, Barton PJR, Felkin LE, Lara-Pezzi E, Angelini G, Beltrami C, Pravenec M, Schafer S, Bottolo L, Hubner N, Emanueli C, Cook SA, Petretto E. Author Correction: WWP2 regulates pathological cardiac fibrosis by modulating SMAD2 signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4085. [PMID: 31501434 PMCID: PMC6733793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Chen
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nithya Devapragash
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Massimiliano Mancini
- SOC di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, 50123, Florence, Italy
| | - Ee Ling Heng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institute Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kirill Shkura
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Animal Gene Editing Laboratory, BRC, A*STAR20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xi-Ming Sun
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth Li Sa Tan
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Paul J R Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Leanne E Felkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares - CNIC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianni Angelini
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 89HW, UK
| | - Cristina Beltrami
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Leonardo Bottolo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, NW1 2DB, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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13
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Chen H, Moreno-Moral A, Pesce F, Devapragash N, Mancini M, Heng EL, Rotival M, Srivastava PK, Harmston N, Shkura K, Rackham OJL, Yu WP, Sun XM, Tee NGZ, Tan ELS, Barton PJR, Felkin LE, Lara-Pezzi E, Angelini G, Beltrami C, Pravenec M, Schafer S, Bottolo L, Hubner N, Emanueli C, Cook SA, Petretto E. WWP2 regulates pathological cardiac fibrosis by modulating SMAD2 signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3616. [PMID: 31399586 PMCID: PMC6689010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a final common pathology in inherited and acquired heart diseases that causes cardiac electrical and pump failure. Here, we use systems genetics to identify a pro-fibrotic gene network in the diseased heart and show that this network is regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2, specifically by the WWP2-N terminal isoform. Importantly, the WWP2-regulated pro-fibrotic gene network is conserved across different cardiac diseases characterized by fibrosis: human and murine dilated cardiomyopathy and repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Transgenic mice lacking the N-terminal region of the WWP2 protein show improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis in response to pressure overload or myocardial infarction. In primary cardiac fibroblasts, WWP2 positively regulates the expression of pro-fibrotic markers and extracellular matrix genes. TGFβ1 stimulation promotes nuclear translocation of the WWP2 isoforms containing the N-terminal region and their interaction with SMAD2. WWP2 mediates the TGFβ1-induced nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and transcriptional activity of SMAD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Chen
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nithya Devapragash
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Massimiliano Mancini
- SOC di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, 50123, Florence, Italy
| | - Ee Ling Heng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institute Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kirill Shkura
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Animal Gene Editing Laboratory, BRC, A*STAR20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xi-Ming Sun
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth Li Sa Tan
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Paul J R Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Leanne E Felkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares - CNIC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianni Angelini
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 89HW, UK
| | - Cristina Beltrami
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Leonardo Bottolo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, NW1 2DB, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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14
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Nguyen DM, Chen LS, Yu WP, Chen TY. Comparison of ion transport determinants between a TMEM16 chloride channel and phospholipid scramblase. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:518-531. [PMID: 30670476 PMCID: PMC6445582 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The I-V relation of the TMEM16A channel is linear, whereas that of the TMEM16F scramblase is outwardly rectifying. Nguyen et al. show that rectification of TMEM16A is regulated by the charge of residue 584 but that rectification of TMEM16F is affected by aromatic residues at the equivalent position. Two TMEM16 family members, TMEM16A and TMEM16F, have different ion transport properties. Upon activation by intracellular Ca2+, TMEM16A—a Ca2+-activated Cl− channel—is more selective for anions than cations, whereas TMEM16F—a phospholipid scramblase—appears to transport both cations and anions. Under saturating Ca2+ conditions, the current–voltage (I-V) relationships of these two proteins also differ; the I-V curve of TMEM16A is linear, while that of TMEM16F is outwardly rectifying. We previously found that mutating a positively charged lysine residue (K584) in the ion transport pathway to glutamine converted the linear I-V curve of TMEM16A to an outwardly rectifying curve. Interestingly, the corresponding residue in the outwardly rectifying TMEM16F is also a glutamine (Q559). Here, we examine the ion transport functions of TMEM16 molecules and compare the roles of K584 of TMEM16A and Q559 of TMEM16F in controlling the rectification of their respective I-V curves. We find that rectification of TMEM16A is regulated electrostatically by the side-chain charge on the residue at position 584, whereas the charge on residue 559 in TMEM16F has little effect. Unexpectedly, mutation of Q559 to aromatic amino acid residues significantly alters outward rectification in TMEM16F. These same mutants show reduced Ca2+-induced current rundown (or desensitization) compared with wild-type TMEM16F. A mutant that removes the rundown of TMEM16F could facilitate the study of ion transport mechanisms in this phospholipid scramblase in the same way that a CLC-0 mutant in which inactivation (or closure of the slow gate) is suppressed was used in our previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung M Nguyen
- Graduate Group of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Louisa S Chen
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Tsung-Yu Chen
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA .,Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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15
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Nguyen DM, Chen LS, Yu WP, Chen TY. Comparing Ion Transport between a Chloride Channel and a Phospholipid Scramblase in the TMEM16 Family. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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Wang L, Sun L, He XY, Wang YX, Yu WP. [Birth cohort studies in China: a review]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38:556-560. [PMID: 28468082 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With longer than 100-year experience of development, methods used on birth cohort study have been viewed as having important roles in exploring the probable effects of health and environment exposure both prior to and during the pregnancy in the life circle as infants, children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. However in China, birth cohort studies started late but with rapid development. Recently, some well-known methods on birth cohort studies were established in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan area. This paper presented an overall review on the progress about birth cohort studies and their prospects, in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Yangzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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17
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Abstract
Cd2+ binding to the CLC channel dimer interface inhibits slow gating by altering subunit interactions. Members of the CLC family of Cl− channels and transporters are homodimeric integral membrane proteins. Two gating mechanisms control the opening and closing of Cl− channels in this family: fast gating, which regulates opening and closing of the individual pores in each subunit, and slow (or common) gating, which simultaneously controls gating of both subunits. Here, we found that intracellularly applied Cd2+ reduces the current of CLC-0 because of its inhibition on the slow gating. We identified CLC-0 residues C229 and H231, located at the intracellular end of the transmembrane domain near the dimer interface, as the Cd2+-coordinating residues. The inhibition of the current of CLC-0 by Cd2+ was greatly enhanced by mutation of I225W and V490W at the dimer interface. Biochemical experiments revealed that formation of a disulfide bond within this Cd2+-binding site is also affected by mutation of I225W and V490W, indicating that these two mutations alter the structure of the Cd2+-binding site. Kinetic studies showed that Cd2+ inhibition appears to be state dependent, suggesting that structural rearrangements may occur in the CLC dimer interface during Cd2+ modulation. Mutations of I290 and I556 of CLC-1, which correspond to I225 and V490 of CLC-0, respectively, have been shown previously to cause malfunction of CLC-1 Cl− channel by altering the common gating. Our experimental results suggest that mutations of the corresponding residues in CLC-0 change the subunit interaction and alter the slow gating of CLC-0. The effect of these mutations on modulations of slow gating of CLC channels by intracellular Cd2+ likely depends on their alteration of subunit interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Yu
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618 Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Ming-Feng Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618 Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Tsung-Yu Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618 Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
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Jeng G, Aggarwal M, Yu WP, Chen TY. Independent activation of distinct pores in dimeric TMEM16A channels. J Gen Physiol 2016; 148:393-404. [PMID: 27799319 PMCID: PMC5089935 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The TMEM16 family encompasses Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs) and lipid scramblases. These proteins are formed by two identical subunits, as confirmed by the recently solved crystal structure of a TMEM16 lipid scramblase. However, the high-resolution structure did not provide definitive information regarding the pore architecture of the TMEM16 channels. In this study, we express TMEM16A channels constituting two covalently linked subunits with different Ca2+ affinities. The dose-response curve of the heterodimer appears to be a weighted sum of two dose-response curves-one corresponding to the high-affinity subunit and the other to the low-affinity subunit. However, fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments suggest that the covalently linked heterodimeric proteins fold and assemble as one molecule. Together these results suggest that activation of the two TMEM16A subunits likely activate independently of each other. The Ca2+ activation curve for the heterodimer at a low Ca2+ concentration range ([Ca2+] < 5 µM) is similar to that of the wild-type channel-the Hill coefficients in both cases are significantly greater than one. This suggests that Ca2+ binding to one subunit of TMEM16A is sufficient to activate the channel and that each subunit contains more than one Ca2+-binding site. We also take advantage of the I-V curve rectification that results from mutation of a pore residue to address the pore architecture of the channel. By introducing the pore mutation and the mutation that alters Ca2+ affinity in the same or different subunits, we demonstrate that activation of different subunits appears to be associated with the opening of different pores. These results suggest that the TMEM16A CaCC may also adopt a "double-barrel" pore architecture, similar to that found in CLC channels and transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Jeng
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Muskaan Aggarwal
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Tsung-Yu Chen
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618 .,Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
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Riisager A, de Paoli FV, Yu WP, Pedersen TH, Chen TY, Nielsen OB. Protein kinase C-dependent regulation of ClC-1 channels in active human muscle and its effect on fast and slow gating. J Physiol 2016; 594:3391-406. [PMID: 26857341 DOI: 10.1113/jp271556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Regulation of ion channel function during repeated firing of action potentials is commonly observed in excitable cells. Recently it was shown that muscle activity is associated with rapid, protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent ClC-1 Cl(-) channel inhibition in rodent muscle. While this PKC-dependent ClC-1 inhibition during muscle activity was shown to be important for the maintenance of contractile endurance in rat muscle it is unknown whether a similar regulation exists in human muscle. Also, the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed PKC-dependent ClC-1 inhibition are unclear. Here we present the first demonstration of ClC-1 inhibition in active human muscle fibres, and we determine the changes in ClC-1 gating that underlie the PKC-dependent ClC-1 inhibition in active muscle using human ClC-1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. This activity-induced ClC-1 inhibition is suggested to represent a mechanism by which human muscle fibres maintain their excitability during sustained activity. ABSTRACT Repeated firing of action potentials (APs) is known to trigger rapid, protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent inhibition of ClC-1 Cl(-) ion channels in rodent muscle and this inhibition is important for contractile endurance. It is currently unknown whether similar regulation exists in human muscle, and the molecular mechanisms underlying PKC-dependent ClC-1 inhibition are unclear. This study first determined whether PKC-dependent ClC-1 inhibition exists in active human muscle, and second, it clarified how PKC alters the gating of human ClC-1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In human abdominal and intercostal muscles, repeated AP firing was associated with 30-60% reduction of ClC-1 function, which could be completely prevented by PKC inhibition (1 μm GF109203X). The role of the PKC-dependent ClC-1 inhibition was evaluated from rheobase currents before and after firing 1000 APs: while rheobase current was well maintained after activity under control conditions it rose dramatically if PKC-dependent ClC-1 inhibition had been prevented with the inhibitor. This demonstrates that the ClC-1 inhibition is important for maintenance of excitability in active human muscle fibres. Oocyte experiments showed that PKC activation lowered the overall open probability of ClC-1 in the voltage range relevant for AP initiation in muscle fibres. More detailed analysis of this reduction showed that PKC mostly affected the slow gate of ClC-1. Indeed, there was no effect of PKC activation in C277S mutated ClC-1 in which the slow gate is effectively locked open. It is concluded that regulation of excitability of active human muscle fibres relies on PKC-dependent ClC-1 inhibition via a gating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Riisager
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Frank Vincenzo de Paoli
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Thomas Holm Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tsung-Yu Chen
- Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Ole Baekgaard Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Jeng G, Aggarwal M, Yu WP, Chen TY. Activating Individual Subunits of TMEM16A Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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21
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Ravi V, Yu WP, Pillai NE, Lian MM, Tay BH, Tohari S, Brenner S, Venkatesh B. Cyclostomes Lack Clustered Protocadherins. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 33:311-5. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate patients' perceptions of day surgery, specifically their convenience; social, functional and economic values; risk perceptions; and patient satisfaction. DESIGN Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. SETTING West China Hospital in Chengdu City, China. PARTICIPANTS All the day-surgery patients admitted to the Centre for Day Surgery in December 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic profiles, each patient's value and risk perceptions about day surgery, as well as overall satisfaction with day surgery. RESULTS Convenience value and social value were emphasised by 87% and 60% of the 153 valid respondents, respectively. Comparatively speaking, functional and economic value were respectively chosen by 50% and 43% of the respondents, while 75% worried about postoperative complications and adverse events, only 53% and 27% worried about rehabilitation knowledge and psychological risks, respectively. More than 95% of the respondents were satisfied with the clinic service and staff attitudes, hospital surgery environment, operating skills and results, but fewer (84%) were satisfied with the communication processes surrounding day surgery. CONCLUSION Patients exhibited high acceptance and satisfaction regarding day surgery. The convenience experienced by patients and their families is the main perceived value of day surgery. Nevertheless, during the recovery process patients are concerned about possible adverse events, treatment of postoperative complications, and lack of information. These aspects of care delivery warrant improvement through redesign of the day surgery service.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Yu
- Business School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao
| | - G M Duan
- Business School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao
| | - H S Ma
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Dai
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Richman DP, Yu Y, Lee TT, Tseng PY, Yu WP, Maselli RA, Tang CY, Chen TY. Dominantly inherited myotonia congenita resulting from a mutation that increases open probability of the muscle chloride channel CLC-1. Neuromolecular Med 2012; 14:328-37. [PMID: 22790975 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Myotonia congenita-inducing mutations in the muscle chloride channel CLC-1 normally result in reduced open probability (P (o)) of this channel. One well-accepted mechanism of the dominant inheritance of this disease involves a dominant-negative effect of the mutation on the function of the common-gate of this homodimeric, double-barreled molecule. We report here a family with myotonia congenita characterized by muscle stiffness and clinical and electrophysiologic myotonic phenomena transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern. DNA sequencing of DMPK and ZNF9 genes for myotonic muscular dystrophy types I and II was normal, whereas sequencing of CLC-1 encoding gene, CLCN1, identified a single heterozygous missense mutation, G233S. Patch-clamp analyses of this mutant CLC-1 channel in Xenopus oocytes revealed an increased P (o) of the channel's fast-gate, from ~0.4 in the wild type to >0.9 in the mutant at -90 mV. In contrast, the mutant exhibits a minimal effect on the P (o) of the common-gate. These results are consistent with the structural prediction that the mutation site is adjacent to the fast-gate of the channel. Overall, the mutant could lead to a significantly reduced dynamic response of CLC-1 to membrane depolarization, from a fivefold increase in chloride conductance in the wild type to a twofold increase in the mutant-this might result in slower membrane repolarization during an action potential. Since expression levels of the mutant and wild-type subunits in artificial model cell systems were unable to explain the disease symptoms, the mechanism leading to dominant inheritance in this family remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Richman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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24
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Yu Y, Yu WP, Chen TY. Inhibition of a Dimer Interface Mutant of CLC-0 by Intracellular Cadmium Ion. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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25
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Abstract
The common gating of CLC-1 has been shown to be inhibited by intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in acidic pH conditions. Such modulation is thought to be mediated by direct binding of ATP to the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) domains at the C-terminal cytoplasmic region of CLC-1. Guided by the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of CLC-5, we constructed a homology model of CLC-1’s C terminus and mutated critical amino acid residues lining the potential ATP-binding site. The CLC-1 mutations V634A and E865A completely abolished the ATP inhibition of CLC-1, consistent with the loss of ATP binding seen with the corresponding mutations in CLC-5. Mutating two other residues, V613 and V860, also disrupted the ATP modulation of CLC-1. However, placing aromatic amino acids at position 634 increases the apparent ATP affinity. Mutant cycle analyses showed that the modulation effects of ATP and cytidine triphosphate on wild-type CLC-1 and the V634F mutant were nonadditive, suggesting that the side chain of amino acid at position 634 interacts with the base moiety of the nucleotide. The mutation effects of V634F and V613A on the ATP modulation were also nonadditive, which is consistent with the assertion suggested from the homology model that these two residues may both interact with the bound nucleotide. These results provide evidence for a direct ATP binding for modulating the function of CLC-1 and suggest an overall conserved architecture of the ATP-binding sites in CLC-1 and CLC-5. This study also demonstrates that CLC-1 is a convenient experimental model for studying the interaction of nucleotides/nucleosides with the CBS domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Yen Tseng
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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Tan YP, Li S, Jiang XJ, Loh W, Foo YK, Loh CB, Xu Q, Yuen WH, Jones M, Fu J, Venkatesh B, Yu WP. Regulation of protocadherin gene expression by multiple neuron-restrictive silencer elements scattered in the gene cluster. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:4985-97. [PMID: 20385576 PMCID: PMC2926608 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered protocadherins are a subfamily of neuronal cell adhesion molecules that play an important role in development of the nervous systems in vertebrates. The clustered protocadherin genes exhibit complex expression patterns in the central nervous system. In this study, we have investigated the molecular mechanism underlying neuronal expression of protocadherin genes using the protocadherin gene cluster in fugu as a model. By in silico prediction, we identified multiple neuron-restrictive silencer elements (NRSEs) scattered in the fugu protocadherin cluster and demonstrated that these elements bind specifically to NRSF/REST in vitro and in vivo. By using a transgenic Xenopus approach, we show that these NRSEs regulate neuronal specificity of protocadherin promoters by suppressing their activity in non-neuronal tissues. We provide evidence that protocadherin genes that do not contain an NRSE in their 5' intergenic region are regulated by NRSEs in the regulatory region of their neighboring genes. We also show that protocadherin clusters in other vertebrates such as elephant shark, zebrafish, coelacanth, lizard, mouse and human, contain different sets of multiple NRSEs. Taken together, our data suggest that the neuronal specificity of protocadherin cluster genes in vertebrates is regulated by the NRSE-NRSF/REST system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Peng Tan
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
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Jiang XJ, Li S, Ravi V, Venkatesh B, Yu WP. Identification and comparative analysis of the protocadherin cluster in a reptile, the green anole lizard. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7614. [PMID: 19898614 PMCID: PMC2764143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vertebrate protocadherins are a subfamily of cell adhesion molecules that are predominantly expressed in the nervous system and are believed to play an important role in establishing the complex neural network during animal development. Genes encoding these molecules are organized into a cluster in the genome. Comparative analysis of the protocadherin subcluster organization and gene arrangements in different vertebrates has provided interesting insights into the history of vertebrate genome evolution. Among tetrapods, protocadherin clusters have been fully characterized only in mammals. In this study, we report the identification and comparative analysis of the protocadherin cluster in a reptile, the green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We show that the anole protocadherin cluster spans over a megabase and encodes a total of 71 genes. The number of genes in the anole protocadherin cluster is significantly higher than that in the coelacanth (49 genes) and mammalian (54-59 genes) clusters. The anole protocadherin genes are organized into four subclusters: the delta, alpha, beta and gamma. This subcluster organization is identical to that of the coelacanth protocadherin cluster, but differs from the mammalian clusters which lack the delta subcluster. The gene number expansion in the anole protocadherin cluster is largely due to the extensive gene duplication in the gammab subgroup. Similar to coelacanth and elephant shark protocadherin genes, the anole protocadherin genes have experienced a low frequency of gene conversion. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that similar to the protocadherin clusters in other vertebrates, the evolution of anole protocadherin cluster is driven mainly by lineage-specific gene duplications and degeneration. Our analysis also shows that loss of the protocadherin delta subcluster in the mammalian lineage occurred after the divergence of mammals and reptiles. We present a model for the evolutionary history of the protocadherin cluster in tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Jiang
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaobing Li
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vydianathan Ravi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The blockade of CLC-0 chloride channels by p-chlorophenoxy acetate (CPA) has been thought to be state dependent; the conformational change of the channel pore during the “fast gating” alters the CPA binding affinity. Here, we examine the mechanism of CPA blocking in pore-open mutants of CLC-0 in which the residue E166 was replaced by various amino acids. We find that the CPA-blocking affinities depend upon the volume and the hydrophobicity of the side chain of the introduced residue; CPA affinity can vary by three orders of magnitude in these mutants. On the other hand, mutations at the intracellular pore entrance, although affecting the association and dissociation rates of the CPA block, generate only a modest effect on the steady-state blocking affinity. In addition, various amphiphilic compounds, including fatty acids and alkyl sulfonates, can also block the pore-open mutants of CLC-0 through a similar mechanism. The blocking affinity of fatty acids and alkyl sulfonates increases with the length of these amphiphilic blockers, a phenomenon similar to the block of the Shaker K+ channel by long-chain quaternary ammonium (QA) ions. These observations lead us to propose that the CPA block of the open pore of CLC-0 is similar to the blockade of voltage-gated K+ channels by long-chain QAs or by the inactivation ball peptide: the blocker first uses the hydrophilic end to “dock” at the pore entrance, and the hydrophobic part of the blocker then enters the pore to interact with a more hydrophobic region of the pore. This blocking mechanism appears to be very general because the block does not require a precise structural fit between the blocker and the pore, and the blocking mechanism applies to the cation and anion channels with unrelated pore architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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29
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Lv LP, Yu WP, Yu WB, Zhou XF, Hu XC. (E)-Methyl N'-[1-(4-methoxy-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]hydrazinecarboxyl-ate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1676. [PMID: 21201666 PMCID: PMC2960734 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808024264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(11)H(14)N(2)O(3), adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the hydrazinecarboxyl-ate plane is 12.06 (9)°. Mol-ecules are linked into a one-dimensional network by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions. The benzene rings of inversion-related mol-ecules are stacked with their centroids separated by 3.777 (1) Å, indicating π-π inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Lv
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhou
- Zhejiang Xinan Chemical Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Jiande 311604, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Chao Hu
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
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Kathirvel P, Yu WP, Venkatesh B, Lim CC, Lai PS, Yee WC. Fugu rubripes and human survival motor neuron genes: structural and functional similarities in comparative genome studies. Gene 2008; 424:108-14. [PMID: 18703124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The compactness of the Fugu rubripes (Fugu) genome has supported its use in comparative genome analysis. Nevertheless, as Fugu is distinct evolution-wise from humans, it is essential to determine the similarity between a Fugu gene and its human counterpart to confirm its potential for comparative genome analysis. We cloned and analyzed the Fugu survival motor neuron gene (fsmn) for similarities with human SMN gene (huSMN). The Fugu genome has a single fsmn that is 13.4 times smaller than huSMN. fsmn and huSMN are highly similar in their genome organization and tissue expression patterns. The functional domains of the Fugu smn and human SMN molecules are also highly conserved. In human MCF-7 cells, expression of fsmn protein resulted in the formation of "gems" in the cytoplasm and nucleus, similar to observations reported for huSMN protein. In these cells, fsmn RNA was also processed correctly and produced alternatively spliced transcripts like huSMN2. These findings indicate close structural and functional similarities between fsmn and huSMN, suggesting that regulation of the two genes may also be similar and supporting the use of fsmn in comparative genome studies for the identification of functional regulatory elements of huSMN.
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Yu WP, Rajasegaran V, Yew K, Loh WL, Tay BH, Amemiya CT, Brenner S, Venkatesh B. Elephant shark sequence reveals unique insights into the evolutionary history of vertebrate genes: A comparative analysis of the protocadherin cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:3819-3824. [PMID: 18319338 PMCID: PMC2268768 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800398105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilaginous fishes are the oldest living phylogenetic group of jawed vertebrates. Here, we demonstrate the value of cartilaginous fish sequences in reconstructing the evolutionary history of vertebrate genomes by sequencing the protocadherin cluster in the relatively small genome (910 Mb) of the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii). Human and coelacanth contain a single protocadherin cluster with 53 and 49 genes, respectively, that are organized in three subclusters, Pcdhalpha, Pcdhbeta, and Pcdhgamma, whereas the duplicated protocadherin clusters in fugu and zebrafish contain >77 and 107 genes, respectively, that are organized in Pcdhalpha and Pcdhgamma subclusters. By contrast, the elephant shark contains a single protocadherin cluster with 47 genes organized in four subclusters (Pcdhdelta, Pcdhepsilon, Pcdhmu, and Pcdhnu). By comparison with elephant shark sequences, we discovered a Pcdhdelta subcluster in teleost fishes, coelacanth, Xenopus, and chicken. Our results suggest that the protocadherin cluster in the ancestral jawed vertebrate contained more subclusters than modern vertebrates, and the evolution of the protocadherin cluster is characterized by lineage-specific differential loss of entire subclusters of genes. In contrast to teleost fish and mammalian protocadherin genes that have undergone gene conversion events, elephant shark protocadherin genes have experienced very little gene conversion. The syntenic block of genes in the elephant shark protocadherin locus is well conserved in human but disrupted in fugu. Thus, the elephant shark genome appears to be less prone to rearrangements compared with teleost fish genomes. The small and "stable" genome of the elephant shark is a valuable reference for understanding the evolution of vertebrate genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Yu
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433
| | - Vikneswari Rajasegaran
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433
| | - Kenneth Yew
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433
| | - Wai-lin Loh
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433
| | - Boon-Hui Tay
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Biopolis, Singapore 138673; and
| | - Chris T. Amemiya
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Sydney Brenner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Biopolis, Singapore 138673; and
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Biopolis, Singapore 138673; and
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Yu WP, Yew K, Rajasegaran V, Venkatesh B. Sequencing and comparative analysis of fugu protocadherin clusters reveal diversity of protocadherin genes among teleosts. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:49. [PMID: 17394664 PMCID: PMC1852091 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-7-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The synaptic cell adhesion molecules, protocadherins, are a vertebrate innovation that accompanied the emergence of the neural tube and the elaborate central nervous system. In mammals, the protocadherins are encoded by three closely-linked clusters (α, β and γ) of tandem genes and are hypothesized to provide a molecular code for specifying the remarkably-diverse neural connections in the central nervous system. Like mammals, the coelacanth, a lobe-finned fish, contains a single protocadherin locus, also arranged into α, β and γ clusters. Zebrafish, however, possesses two protocadherin loci that contain more than twice the number of genes as the coelacanth, but arranged only into α and γ clusters. To gain further insight into the evolutionary history of protocadherin clusters, we have sequenced and analyzed protocadherin clusters from the compact genome of the pufferfish, Fugu rubripes. Results Fugu contains two unlinked protocadherin loci, Pcdh1 and Pcdh2, that collectively consist of at least 77 genes. The fugu Pcdh1 locus has been subject to extensive degeneration, resulting in the complete loss of Pcdh1γ cluster. The fugu Pcdh genes have undergone lineage-specific regional gene conversion processes that have resulted in a remarkable regional sequence homogenization among paralogs in the same subcluster. Phylogenetic analyses show that most protocadherin genes are orthologous between fugu and zebrafish either individually or as paralog groups. Based on the inferred phylogenetic relationships of fugu and zebrafish genes, we have reconstructed the evolutionary history of protocadherin clusters in the teleost fish lineage. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the exceptional evolutionary dynamism of protocadherin genes in vertebrates in general, and in teleost fishes in particular. Besides the 'fish-specific' whole genome duplication, the evolution of protocadherin genes in teleost fishes is influenced by lineage-specific gene losses, tandem gene duplications and regional sequence homogenization. The dynamic protocadherin clusters might have led to the diversification of neural circuitry among teleosts, and contributed to the behavioral and physiological diversity of teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Yu
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng 308433, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Yew
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng 308433, Singapore
| | - Vikneswari Rajasegaran
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng 308433, Singapore
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive 138673, Singapore
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Yu WP, Xu XZ, Wu DZ, Guo XY, Huang PT. [Efficacy of axillary approach brachial plexus blocking by ultrasound-guided four points via one-puncture technique]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2007; 87:740-5. [PMID: 17565841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical effects and safety of the technique of axillary approach brachial plexus blocking by ultrasound-guided four points via one-puncture. METHODS Eighty patients scheduled for elective operation were randomly divided into 2 equal groups to undergo axillary approach brachial plexus blocking by ultrasound-guided four points via one-puncture technique (Group U) or nerve stimulator-guided brachial plexus blocking (Group N). The main branches of brachial plexus (radial, median, ulnar, and musculocutaneous nerves) were localized by ultrasound-guided or nerve stimulator-guided techniques. In Group U 8 ml of mixed anesthetic solution containing isovolumetric 0.75% ropivacaine and 2% lidocaine was injected into the 4 main branches of brachial plexus, with a total volume of 32 ml. The ultrasonic manifestations of the brachial plexus and its surrounding tissues were observed. The values of diameter and depth of the 4 nerves and the distance of the musculocutaneous nerve to the midpoint of axillary artery were measured. The manipulation time, onset time, maintaining time, efficacy of blocking, and incidence of complication were recorded. RESULTS The manipulation time of Group U was 5.2 +/- 2.1 min, significantly shorter than that of Group N (14.6 +/- 3.2 min, P = 0.000), The onset times of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves of Group U were 3.3 +/- 1.9 min, 3.0 +/- 1.7 min, and 3.4 +/- 1.9 min respectively, all significantly shorter than those of Group N (4.6 +/- 2.0 min, 7.3 +/- 7.4 min, and 6.4 +/- 6.1 min respectively, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The anesthetic success rate of Group U was 100%, significantly higher than that of Group N (77.5%, P = 0.005). The rate of accidental puncture to blood vessel of Group U was 0, significantly lower than that of Group N (40%, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION With significantly higher anesthetic success rate, shorter manipulation time and onset time, and lower complication rate, the technique of axillary approach brachial plexus blocking by ultrasound-guided four points via one-puncture is a safe and reliable blocking method in comparison with the nerve stimulator-guided method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Medical Ultrasonics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Abstract
The ClC family of Cl− channels and transporters comprises membrane proteins ubiquitously present in species ranging from prokaryotes to mammals. The recently solved structures of the bacterial ClC proteins have provided a good model to guide the functional experiments for the eukaryotic Cl− channels. Theoretical calculations based on the bacterial ClC structures have identified several residues critical for the Cl− binding energy in the Cl− transport pathway. It was speculated that the corresponding residues in eukaryotic Cl− channels might play similar roles for the channel functions. In this study, we made a series of mutations in three such residues in eukaryotic ClC Cl− channels (K149, G352, and H401 in ClC-0) and studied the functional consequences on the channel properties. A cysteine modification approach was also employed to evaluate the electrostatic effects of the charge placed at these three positions. The experimental results revealed that among the three residues tested, K149 plays the most important role in controlling both the gating and the permeation functions of ClC-0. On the other hand, mutations of H401 alter the channel conductance but not the gating properties, while mutations of G352 result in very little functional consequence. The mutation of K149 into a neutral residue leucine (K149L) shifts the activation curve and leads to flickery channel openings. The anion permeability ratios derived from bi-ionic experiments are also significantly altered in that the selectivity of Cl− over other anions is decreased. Furthermore, removing the positive charge at this position reduces and increases, respectively, the accessibility of the negatively and positively charged methane thiosulfonate reagents to the pore. The control of the accessibility to charged MTS reagents and the regulation of the anion permeation support the idea that K149 exerts an electrostatic effect on the channel function, confirming the prediction from computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
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Chen K, Song L, Jin MJ, Fan CH, Jiang QT, Yu WP. [Association between genetic polymorphisms in folate metabolic enzyme genes and colorectal cancer: a nested case-control study]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2006; 28:429-32. [PMID: 17152488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the interrelationship of genetic polymorphisms in folate metabolic enzymes (MTHFRC677T, MTHFRA1298C, MTRA2756G and MTRRA66G) and their combinative effects with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A nested case-control study was designed and carried out. 140 CRC patients and 343 control subjects were included in this study. Polymorphisms of folate metabolic enzyme genes were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Risk of CRC was estimated by unconditional logistic model, and P value for interaction was calculated by likelihood test. RESULTS The allele of MTR2756G showed a positive association with CRC (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.22 - 3.40). Those with MTHFR1298AA and MTR 2756AG/GG genotypes had an elevated risk with CRC (OR = 2.57, 95% CI, 1.42 -4.65), and their combinative effect showed a significant association with CRC (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION MTR2756G allele may be a risk factor of CRC, and interaction may exsit between polymorphisms of MTHFRA1298C and MTRA2756G. Further studies with larger sample and in different ethnic groups are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310031, China.
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Wong E, Yu WP, Yap WH, Venkatesh B, Soong TW. Comparative genomics of the human and Fugu voltage-gated calcium channel alpha1-subunit gene family reveals greater diversity in Fugu. Gene 2005; 366:117-27. [PMID: 16337095 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Revised: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extensive search for the orthologs of 10 human voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) alpha(1)-subunit genes in the Fugu genome sequence revealed 21 alpha(1)-subunit genes in the compact genome of Fugu. Subtype classification of the identified Fugu alpha(1) orthologs based on phylogenetic analysis, genomic organization and sequence comparison of the most divergent II/III loop and the C-terminal regions of the alpha(1)-subunits indicated extra copies of alpha(1S)-, alpha(1D)-, alpha(1F)-, alpha(1A)-, alpha(1E)-, alpha(1H)- and alpha(1G)-subunit genes. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that this is likely due to fish lineage specific alpha(1)-subunit subtype duplication. Sequence comparison shows that many of the structural features characteristic of VGCC and specific channel subtypes are also present in the Fugu alpha(1)-subunits. All the Fugu alpha(1)-subunits showed similar expression profile to that of the mammalian alpha(1)-subunits except for Fugu alpha(1S), alpha(1A), alpha(1B) and alpha(1H) which have a more widespread tissue distribution. These results indicate that Fugu, a lower vertebrate, has more extensive channel heterogeneity compared to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Wong
- Ion Channel and Transporter Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S308433, Singapore
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Abstract
Oxidation and reduction (redox) are known to modulate the function of a variety of ion channels. Here, we report a redox regulation of the function of ClC-0, a chloride (Cl(-)) channel from the Torpedo electric organ. The study was motivated by the occasional observation of oocytes with hyperpolarization-activated Cl(-) current when these oocytes expressed ClC-0. We find that these atypical recording traces can be turned into typical ClC-0 current by incubating the oocyte in millimolar concentrations of reducing agents, suggesting that the channel function is regulated by oxidation and reduction. The redox control apparently results from an effect of oxidation on the slow (inactivation) gating: oxidation renders it more difficult for the channel to recover from the inactivated states. Introducing the point mutation C212S in ClC-0 suppresses the inactivation state, and this inactivation-suppressed mutant is no longer sensitive to the inhibition by oxidizing reagents. However, C212 is probably not the target for the redox reaction because the regulation of the inactivation gating by oxidation is still present in a pore mutant (K165C/K165 heterodimer) in which the C212S mutation is present. Taking advantage of the K165C/K165 heterodimer, we further explore the oxidation effect in ClC-0 by methane thiosulfonate (MTS) modifications. We found that trimethylethylammonium MTS modification of the introduced cysteine can induce current in the K165C/K165 heterodimer, an effect attributed to the recovery of the channel from the inactivation state. The current induction by MTS reagents is subjected to redox controls, and thus the extent of this current induction can serve as an indicator to report the oxidation state of the channel. These results together suggest that the inactivation gating of ClC-0 is affected by redox regulation. The finding also provides a convenient method to "cure" those atypical recording traces of ClC-0 expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
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Abstract
AIM: To set up a mathematic model for gastric cancer screening and to evaluate its function in mass screening for gastric cancer.
METHODS: A case control study was carried on in 66 patients and 198 normal people, then the risk and protective factors of gastric cancer were determined, including heavy manual work, foods such as small yellow-fin tuna, dried small shrimps, squills, crabs, mothers suffering from gastric diseases, spouse alive, use of refrigerators and hot food, etc. According to some principles and methods of probability and fuzzy mathematics, a quantitative assessment model was established as follows: first, we selected some factors significant in statistics, and calculated weight coefficient for each one by two different methods; second, population space was divided into gastric cancer fuzzy subset and non gastric cancer fuzzy subset, then a mathematic model for each subset was established, we got a mathematic expression of attribute degree (AD).
RESULTS: Based on the data of 63 patients and 693 normal people, AD of each subject was calculated. Considering the sensitivity and specificity, the thresholds of AD values calculated were configured with 0.20 and 0.17, respectively. According to these thresholds, the sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative model were about 69% and 63%. Moreover, statistical test showed that the identification outcomes of these two different calculation methods were identical (P>0.05).
CONCLUSION: The validity of this method is satisfactory. It is convenient, feasible, economic and can be used to determine individual and population risks of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 353 Yan-an Road, Hangzhou 310031, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Yu WP, Tan JMM, Chew KCM, Oh T, Kolatkar P, Venkatesh B, Dawson TM, Leong Lim K. The 350-fold compacted Fugu parkin gene is structurally and functionally similar to human Parkin. Gene 2004; 346:97-104. [PMID: 15716097 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Revised: 09/09/2004] [Accepted: 09/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human parkin gene (huParkin) are the predominant genetic cause of familial parkinsonism. The huParkin locus, spanning about 1.4 Mb, is one of the largest in the human genome. Despite its huge size, huParkin codes for a rather short transcript of about 4.5 kb. To gain an insight into the structure, function and evolutionary history of huParkin, we have characterized the pufferfish [Fugu rubripes (Fugu)] ortholog of huParkin. A remarkable feature of the Fugu parkin gene (fuparkin) is its unusually compact size. It spans only about 4 kb and is thus 350-fold smaller than its human ortholog. The Fugu and human parkin genes are otherwise highly similar in their genomic organization and expression pattern. Furthermore, like human Parkin, Fugu parkin also functions as an ubiquitin ligase. These shared features between fuparkin and huParkin suggest that the physiological function and regulation of the parkin gene are conserved during the evolution of vertebrates. Conceivably, the compact locus of fuparkin could serve as a useful model to understand the transcriptional regulation of huParkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Yu
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore
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Chen K, Yu WP, Ma XY, Yao KY, Zheng S, Jiang QT. [Association of drinking water source and colorectal cancer incidence: a prospect cohort study]. Ai Zheng 2004; 23:550-4. [PMID: 15142452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The pollution of drinking water, for example river and pool, has long been recognized to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in previous epidemiological studies. There is little prospect cohort study with person-years directly on the relative risks of different sources of drinking water for CRC. METHODS From May 1989 to April 1990, a screening for CRC was carried out among residents aged 30 and over 30 years in 10 villages and towns of Jiashan in China. A total of 64115 residents who participated the screening were classified into 5 cohorts by the source of drinking water and were followed-up for CRC incidence through a tumor reporting system including a rapid reporting system of CRC Registry and for death instance through Death Registration of Jiashan. After 11 years of follow-up, person-years calculated with every cohort member, the incidence densities of CRC with different sources of drinking water were analyzed respectively. Poisson regression was used to control potential confounding variables including demography variables and smoke history and to attain crude and adjusted relative risks based on person-years. RESULTS A trend was seen toward increasing incidence rates of colorectal cancer from municipal, river, channel, mixed water to well source in turn as shown as 29.61, 32.67, 33.45, 40.87, 58.67 per 100,000 inhabitants, and only the role in risk of well water was marked different from municipal water (P< 0.05). After adjusted the confounding variables by multi-Poisson regression, we found the significant risk of drinking well water for colon cancer, rectal cancer, and colorectal cancer. The relative risks were 1.741 (95%CI 1.001-3.029), 2.228 (95%CI 1.432-3.466), and 2.022 (95%CI 1.432-2.854), respectively. CONCLUSION Drinking well water long is a risk factor for colorectal cancer in Jiashan, especially for rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310031, PR China.
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Abstract
AIM: To investigate the roles of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in vitamin E succinate-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.
METHODS: Human gastric cancer cell lines (SGC-7901) were treated with vitamin E succinate (VES) at 5, 10, 20 mg/L. Succinic acid and vitamin E were used as vehicle controls and condition medium only as an untreated (UT) control. Apoptosis was observed by 4’, 6-diamidine-2’-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining for morphological changes and by DNA fragmentation for biochemical alterations. Western blot analysis was applied to measure the expression of JNK and phosphorylated JNK. After the cells were transiently transfected with dominant negative mutant of JNK (DN-JNK) followed by treatment of VES, the expression of JNK and c-Jun protein was determined.
RESULTS: The apoptotic changes were observed after VES treatment by DNA fragmentation. DNA ladder in the 20 mg/L VES group was more clearly seen than that in 10 mg/L VES group and was not detected following treatment of UT control, succinate and vitamin E. VES at 5, 10 and 20 mg/L increased the expression of p-JNK by 2.5-, 2.8- and 4.2-fold, respectively. VES induced the phosphorylation of JNK beginning at 1.5 h and produced a sustained increase for 24 h with the peak level at 12 h. Transient transfection of DN-JNK blocked VES-triggered apoptosis by 52%. DN-JNK significantly increased the level of JNK, while decreasing the expression of VES-induced c-Jun protein.
CONCLUSION: VES-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells involves JNK signaling pathway via c-Jun and its downstream transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Abstract
AIM: To study the effects of Kupffer cell-conditioned medium (KCCM) derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC).
METHODS: HSC and Kupffer cells were isolated from the liver of Wistar rats by in situ perfusion with pronase and collagenase and density gradient centrifugation with Nycodenz and cultured. KCCM was prepared and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay was used to detect HSC proliferation. The content of type IV collagen and laminin secreted by HSC in the HSC-conditioned medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. TGF-β1 production in the KCCM was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: HSC and Kupffer cells isolated had high purity. One microgram per mililiter LPS-activated KCCM and unstimulated KCCM could significantly promote HSC proliferation [0.132 ± 0.005 and 0.123 ± 0.008 vs control group (0.100 ± 0.003), P < 0.01], and there was a difference between them (P < 0.05). Ten microgram per mililiter LPS-activated KCCM (0.106 ± 0.010) was unable to promote HSC proliferation (P > 0.05). Adding anti-TGF-β1 antibodies could suppress the proliferation promoted by unstimulated KCCM and LPS (1 μg/ml)-activated KCCM (0.109 ± 0.009 vs 0.123 ± 0.008, 0.115 ± 0.008 vs 0.132 ± 0.005, P < 0.01). LPS (1 μg/ml or 10 μg/ml) could not promote HSC proliferation immediately (0.096 ± 0.003 and 0.101 ± 0.004 vs 0.100 ± 0.003, P > 0.05). There was a parallel behavior between HSC proliferation and increased ECM level. One microgram per mililiter LPS-activated KCCM contained a larger amount of TGF-β1 than unstimulated KCCM.
CONCLUSION: The technique for isolation of HSC and Kupffer cells described here is simple and reliable. KCCM stimulated by LPS may promote HSC proliferation and collagen accumulation, which are associated with hepatic fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Chang TMS, Powanda D, Yu WP. Analysis of polyethylene-glycol-polylactide nano-dimension artificial red blood cells in maintaining systemic hemoglobin levels and prevention of methemoglobin formation. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol 2003; 31:231-47. [PMID: 12906306 DOI: 10.1081/bio-120023155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported our study on novel nano-dimension red blood cell (rbc) substitute based on ultrathin PEG-PLA membrane nanocapsules (80-150 nanometer diameter) containing hemoglobin (Hb) and enzymes. These have a markedly increased the circulation half-times as compared to our earlier PLA membrane nanocapsules. In the present study to be reported here, instead of looking at this from a pharmacodynamic point of view, we design the Hb nanocapsules from the point of view of transfusion medicine. For instance, the maximal levels of systemic non-red blood cell (rbc) Hb that can be attained after one infusion of 30% blood volume of 10 gm/dl Hb in the form of different types of PEG-PLA Hb nanocapsules or polyHb. Also the length of time one infusion can maintain a given systemic non-rbc hemoglobin Hb level. Of the two types of polyhemoglobins similar to those in clinical trials but prepared in this laboratory, the maximal levels of Hb reached were 3.35 gm/dl and 3.10 gm/dl respectively. The times for the hemoglobin level to fall to 1.67 gm/dl were 14 hours and 10. hours respectively, corresponding to 24 hours and 17 hours in human. The best PEG-PLA Hb nanocapsules are prepared using a combination of the following 4 factors: use of polymerized Hb, the use of higher M.W. PLA, the use of higher concentrations of PEG-PLA and the crosslinking of the newly formed PEG-PLA Hb nanocapsules. With this, the maximal non-rbc systemic Hb reached was 3.66 gm/dl and the time to reach 1.67 gm/dl was 24.2 hours, or 41.5 hours in human if extrapolated using the results obtained with polyHb in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M S Chang
- Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, MSSS-FRSQ Research Group (equipe) on Blood Substitutes in Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Abstract
The genes encoding synapsin (Syn) and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (Timp) exhibit a nested organization that is conserved in fruit fly and vertebrates. Analysis of the human and Fugu genomes show that the evolution of Syn-Timp gene families is characterized by duplications, secondary loss and the partitioning of ancestral functions. Of particular interest are two duplicate Syn-Timp loci in Fugu that have accumulated complementary degenerate mutations such that each Syn duplicate produces one of the two transcripts generated from the single ancestral gene, and one of the Timp genes is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609 Singapore
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Zeng L, Si X, Yu WP, Le HT, Ng KP, Teng RMH, Ryan K, Wang DZM, Ponniah S, Pallen CJ. PTP alpha regulates integrin-stimulated FAK autophosphorylation and cytoskeletal rearrangement in cell spreading and migration. J Cell Biol 2003; 160:137-46. [PMID: 12515828 PMCID: PMC2172736 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200206049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the molecular and cellular actions of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) alpha in integrin signaling using immortalized fibroblasts derived from wild-type and PTP alpha-deficient mouse embryos. Defects in PTP alpha-/- migration in a wound healing assay were associated with altered cell shape and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation. The reduced haptotaxis to fibronectin (FN) of PTP alpha-/- cells was increased by expression of active (but not inactive) PTP alpha. Integrin-mediated formation of src-FAK and fyn-FAK complexes was reduced or abolished in PTP alpha-/- cells on FN, concomitant with markedly reduced phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr397. Reintroduction of active (but not inactive) PTP alpha restored FAK Tyr-397 phosphorylation. FN-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement was retarded in PTP alpha-/- cells, with delayed filamentous actin stress fiber assembly and focal adhesion formation. This mimicked the effects of treating wild-type fibroblasts with the src family protein tyrosine kinase (Src-PTK) inhibitor PP2. These results, together with the reduced src/fyn tyrosine kinase activity in PTP alpha-/- fibroblasts (Ponniah et al., 1999; Su et al., 1999), suggest that PTP alpha functions in integrin signaling and cell migration as an Src-PTK activator. Our paper establishes that PTP alpha is required for early integrin-proximal events, acting upstream of FAK to affect the timely and efficient phosphorylation of FAK Tyr-397.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Cell Regulation Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 117609, Singapore
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Pringle NP, Yu WP, Howell M, Colvin JS, Ornitz DM, Richardson WD. Fgfr3 expression by astrocytes and their precursors: evidence that astrocytes and oligodendrocytes originate in distinct neuroepithelial domains. Development 2003; 130:93-102. [PMID: 12441294 DOI: 10.1242/dev.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The postnatal central nervous system (CNS) contains many scattered cells that express fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 transcripts (Fgfr3). They first appear in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the embryonic spinal cord in mid-gestation and then distribute into both grey and white matter - suggesting that they are glial cells, not neurones. The Fgfr3(+) cells are interspersed with but distinct from platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra)-positive oligodendrocyte progenitors. This fits with the observation that Fgfr3 expression is preferentially excluded from the pMN domain of the ventral VZ where Pdgfra(+) oligodendrocyte progenitors--and motoneurones--originate. Many glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap)- positive astrocytes co-express Fgfr3 in vitro and in vivo. Fgfr3(+) cells within and outside the VZ also express the astroglial marker glutamine synthetase (Glns). We conclude that (1) Fgfr3 marks astrocytes and their neuroepithelial precursors in the developing CNS and (2) astrocytes and oligodendrocytes originate in complementary domains of the VZ. Production of astrocytes from cultured neuroepithelial cells is hedgehog independent, whereas oligodendrocyte development requires hedgehog signalling, adding further support to the idea that astrocytes and oligodendrocytes can develop independently. In addition, we found that mice with a targeted deletion in the Fgfr3 locus strongly upregulate Gfap in grey matter (protoplasmic) astrocytes, implying that signalling through Fgfr3 normally represses Gfap expression in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Astrocytes/cytology
- Astrocytes/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Central Nervous System/cytology
- Central Nervous System/embryology
- Chick Embryo
- Epithelium/embryology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/genetics
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/genetics
- Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism
- Hedgehog Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Oligodendroglia/cytology
- Oligodendroglia/physiology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolism
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/cytology
- Spinal Cord/embryology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/physiology
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel P Pringle
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Wu K, Li Y, Zhao Y, Shan YJ, Xia W, Yu WP, Zhao L. Roles of Fas signaling pathway in vitamin E succinate-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:982-6. [PMID: 12439910 PMCID: PMC4656403 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i6.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2002] [Revised: 04/30/2002] [Accepted: 05/26/2002] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the roles of Fas signaling pathway in vitamin E succinate-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. METHODS Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were treated with VES at 5, 10, 20 mg x L(-1), succinic acid and vitamin E as vehicle control and condition media only as untreated (UT) control. Apoptotic morphology was observed by DAPI staining. Western blot analysis was applied to measure the expression of Fas, FADD and caspase-8 proteins. After the cells were transiently transfected with Fas and FADD antisense oligonucleotides, respectively, caspase-8 activity was determined by flurometric method. RESULTS The morphologically apoptotic changes were observed after VES treatment by DAPI staining. 23.7 % and 89.6 % apoptosis occurred after 24 h and 48 h of 20 mg x L(-1) VES treatment, respectively. The protein levels of Fas, FADD and caspase-8 were evidently increased in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h of VES treatment. The blockage of Fas by transfection with Fas antisense oligonucleotides obviously inhibited the expression of FADD protein. After SGC-7901 cells were transfected with Fas and FADD antisense oligonucleotides, caspase-8 activity was obviously decreased (P<0.01), whereas Fas blocked more than FADD. CONCLUSION VES-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells involves Fas signaling pathway including the interaction of Fas, FADD and caspase-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Zhao Y, Wu K, Xia W, Shan YJ, Wu LJ, Yu WP. The effects of vitamin E succinate on the expression of c-jun gene and protein in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:782-6. [PMID: 12378615 PMCID: PMC4656561 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i5.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2002] [Revised: 04/12/2002] [Accepted: 04/20/2002] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of vitamin E succinate (VES) on the expression of c-jun gene and protein in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. METHODS After SGC-7901 cells were treated with VES at different doses (5,10,20 mg x L(-1)) at different time, reverse transcription-PCR technique was used to detect the level of c-jun mRNA; Western Blot was applied to measure the expression of c-jun protein. RESULTS After the cells were treated with VES at 20 mg x L(-1) for 3 h, the expression rapidly reached its maximum that was 3.5 times of UT control (P<0.01). The level of c-jun mRNA was also increased following treatment of VES for 6 h. However,the expression after treatment of VES at 5 mg x L(-1) for 24 h was 1.6 times compared with UT control (P<0.01). Western blot analysis showed that the level of c-jun protein was obviously elevated in VES-treated SGC-7901 cells at 20 mg x L(-1) for 3 h. The expression of c-jun protein was gradually increased after treatment of VES at 20 mg x L(-1) for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively, with an evident time-effect relationship. CONCLUSION The levels of c-jun mRNA and protein in VES-treated SGC-7901 cells were increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner; the expression of c-jun was prolonged by VES, indicating that c-jun is involved in VES-induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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50
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Wu K, Zhao Y, Liu BH, Li Y, Liu F, Guo J, Yu WP. RRR-alpha-tocopheryl succinate inhibits human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and DNA synthesis arrest. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:26-30. [PMID: 11833065 PMCID: PMC4656619 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2001] [Revised: 09/12/2001] [Accepted: 10/15/2001] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of growth inhibition of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell with RRR-alpha-tocopheryl succinate (VES), a derivative of natural Vitamin E, via inducing apoptosis and DNA synthesis arrest. METHODS Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were regularly incubated in the presence of VES at 5, 10 and 20mg x L(-1) (VES was dissolved in absolute ethanol and diluted in RPMI 1640 complete condition media correspondingly to a final concentration of VES and 1 mL x L(-1) ethanol), succinic acid and ethanol equivalents as vehicle (VEH) control and condition media only as untreated (UT) control. Trypan blue dye exclusion analysis and MTT assay were applied to detect the cell proliferation. Cells were pulsed with 37kBq of tritiated thymidine and (3H) TdR uptake was measured to observe DNA synthesis. Apoptotic morphology was observed by electron microscopy and DAPI staining. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed to detect VES-triggered apoptosis. RESULTS VES inhibited SGC-7901 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. The growth curve showed suppression by 24.7%, 49.2% and 68.7% following 24h of VES treatment at 5, 10 and 20 mg x L(-1), respectively, similar to the findings from MTT assay. DNA synthesis was evidently reduced by 35%, 45% and 98% after 24h VES treatment at 20mg x L(-1) and 48 h at 10 and 20mg x L(-1), respectively. VES induced SGC-7901 cells to undergo apoptosis with typically apoptotic characteristics, including morphological changes of chromatin condensation, chromatin crescent formation/margination, nucleus fragmentation and apoptotic body formation, typical apoptotic sub-G1 peak by flow cytometry and increase of apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay in which 90% of cells underwent apoptosis after 48 h of VES treatment at 20 mg x L(-1). CONCLUSION VES can inhibit human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and DNA synthesis arrest. Inhibition of SGC-7901 cell growth by VES is dose- and time-dependent. Therefore VES can function as a potent chemotherapeutic agent against human gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province,China.
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