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Lee SH, Lim CL, Shen W, Tan SMX, Woo ARE, Yap YHY, Sian CAS, Goh WWB, Yu WP, Li L, Lin VCL. Author Correction: Activation function 1 of progesterone receptor is required for progesterone antagonism of oestrogen action in the uterus. BMC Biol 2023; 21:34. [PMID: 36797738 PMCID: PMC9933256 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hao Lee
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Chew Leng Lim
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wei Shen
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Samuel Ming Xuan Tan
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Amanda Rui En Woo
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Yeannie H. Y. Yap
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore ,grid.459705.a0000 0004 0366 8575Present Address: Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Caitlyn Ang Su Sian
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wilson Wen Bin Goh
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- grid.185448.40000 0004 0637 0221Animal Gene Editing Laboratory (AGEL), Biological Resource Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Li Li
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Valerie C. L. Lin
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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Lee SH, Lim CL, Shen W, Tan SMX, Woo ARE, Yap YHY, Sian CAS, Goh WWB, Yu WP, Li L, Lin VCL. Activation function 1 of progesterone receptor is required for progesterone antagonism of oestrogen action in the uterus. BMC Biol 2022; 20:222. [PMID: 36199058 PMCID: PMC9535881 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone receptor (PGR) is a master regulator of uterine function through antagonistic and synergistic interplays with oestrogen receptors. PGR action is primarily mediated by activation functions AF1 and AF2, but their physiological significance is unknown. RESULTS We report the first study of AF1 function in mice. The AF1 mutant mice are infertile with impaired implantation and decidualization. This is associated with a delay in the cessation of epithelial proliferation and in the initiation of stromal proliferation at preimplantation. Despite tissue selective effect on PGR target genes, AF1 mutations caused global loss of the antioestrogenic activity of progesterone in both pregnant and ovariectomized models. Importantly, the study provides evidence that PGR can exert an antioestrogenic effect by genomic inhibition of Esr1 and Greb1 expression. ChIP-Seq data mining reveals intermingled PGR and ESR1 binding on Esr1 and Greb1 gene enhancers. Chromatin conformation analysis shows reduced interactions in these genes' loci in the mutant, coinciding with their upregulations. CONCLUSION AF1 mediates genomic inhibition of ESR1 action globally whilst it also has tissue-selective effect on PGR target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hao Lee
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Chew Leng Lim
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wei Shen
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Samuel Ming Xuan Tan
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Amanda Rui En Woo
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Yeannie H. Y. Yap
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore ,grid.459705.a0000 0004 0366 8575Present Address: Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Caitlyn Ang Su Sian
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wilson Wen Bin Goh
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- grid.185448.40000 0004 0637 0221Animal Gene Editing Laboratory (AGEL), Biological Resource Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore ,grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Li Li
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Valerie C. L. Lin
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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Lee SH, Yap YHY, Lim CL, Woo ARE, Lin VCL. Activation function 1 of progesterone receptor is required for mammary development and regulation of RANKL during pregnancy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12286. [PMID: 35854046 PMCID: PMC9296660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PGR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. It is critical for mammary stem cells expansion, mammary ductal branching and alveologenesis. The transcriptional activity of PGR is mainly mediated by activation functions AF1 and AF2. Although the discovery of AF1 and AF2 propelled the understanding of the mechanism of gene regulation by nuclear receptors, their physiological roles are still poorly understood. This is largely due to the lack of suitable genetic models. The present study reports gain or loss of AF1 function mutant mouse models in the study of mammary development. The gain of function mutant AF1_QQQ exhibits hyperactivity while the loss of function mutant AF1_FFF shows hypoactivity on mammary development. However, the involvement of AF1 is context dependent. Whereas the AF1_FFF mutation causes significant impairment in mammary development during pregnancy or in response to estrogen and progesterone, it has no effect on mammary development in nulliparous mice. Furthermore, Rankl, but not Wnt4 and Areg is a major target gene of AF1. In conclusion, PGR AF1 is a pivotal ligand-dependent activation domain critical for mammary development during pregnancy and it exerts gene specific effect on PGR regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hao Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yeannie H Y Yap
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.,Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chew Leng Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Amanda Rui En Woo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Valerie C L Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Woo ARE, Sze SK, Chung HH, Lin VCL. Delineation of critical amino acids in activation function 1 of progesterone receptor for recruitment of transcription coregulators. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 2019; 1862:522-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sun Y, Chung HH, Woo ARE, Lin VCL. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 enhances ligand-dependent and -independent activity of estrogen receptor α via distinct mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1843:2067-78. [PMID: 24742914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies reported that protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) enhances estrogen-induced activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and dysfunction of PRMT6 is associated with overall better survival for ERα-positive breast cancer patients. However, it is unclear how PRMT6 promotes ERα activity. Here we report that PRMT6 specifically interacts with ERα at its ligand-binding domain. PRMT6 also methylates ERα both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to enhancing estrogen-induced ERα activity, PRMT6 over-expression up-regulates estrogen-independent activity of ERα and PRMT6 gene silencing in MCF7 cells inhibits ligand-independent ERα activation. More interestingly, the effect of PRMT6 on the ligand-independent ERα activity does not require its methyltransferase activity. Instead, PRMT6 competes with Hsp90 for ERα binding: PRMT6 and Hsp90 bindings to ERα are mutually exclusive and PRMT6 over-expression reduces ERα interaction with Hsp90. In conclusion, PRMT6 requires its methyltransferase activity to enhance ERα's ligand-induced activity, but its effect on ligand-independent activity is likely mediated through competing with Hsp90 for binding to the C-terminal domain of ERα. PRMT6-ERα interaction would prevent ERα-Hsp90 association. Since Hsp90 and associated chaperones serve to maintain ERα conformation for ligand-binding yet functionally inactive, inhibition of ERα-Hsp90 interaction would relieve ERα from the constraint of chaperone complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hwa Hwa Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Amanda Rui En Woo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Valerie C-L Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Chung HH, Sze SK, Woo ARE, Sun Y, Sim KH, Dong XM, Lin VCL. Lysine methylation of progesterone receptor at activation function 1 regulates both ligand-independent activity and ligand sensitivity of the receptor. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:5704-22. [PMID: 24415758 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.522839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) exists in two isoforms, PRA and PRB, and both contain activation functions AF-1 and AF-2. It is believed that AF-1 is primarily responsible for the ligand-independent activity, whereas AF-2 mediates ligand-dependent PR activation. Although more than a dozen post-translational modifications of PR have been reported, no post-translational modification on AF-1 or AF-2 has been reported. Using LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis, this study revealed AF-1 monomethylation at Lys-464. Mutational analysis revealed the remarkable importance of Lys-464 in regulating PR activity. Single point mutation K464Q or K464A led to ligand-independent PR gel upshift similar to the ligand-induced gel upshift. This upshift was associated with increases in both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent PR phosphorylation and PR activity due to the hyperactivation of AF-1. In contrast, mutation of Lys-464 to the bulkier phenylalanine to mimic the effect of methylation caused a drastic decrease in PR activity. Importantly, PR-K464Q also showed heightened ligand sensitivity, and this was associated with increases in its functional interaction with transcription co-regulators NCoR1 and SRC-1. These results suggest that monomethylation of PR at Lys-464 probably has a repressive effect on AF-1 activity and ligand sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Hwa Chung
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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