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Tamujo AC, Flores HN, Cetolin T, Ribeiro-Alvares JB, Haupenthal A, Baroni BM. Creatine kinase concentration on the second post-match day is not associated with risk of subsequent muscle injury in professional football players: a four-season cohort study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:271-276. [PMID: 37548364 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2246175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between creatine kinase (CK) concentration following official matches and the risk of subsequent muscle injury in professional male football (soccer) players. METHODS Blood samples were collected on the second post-match day for CK analysis over four consecutive seasons in a professional football club. Players were then followed for five days to observe any occurrence of indirect muscle injury (structural or functional in nature). Players exposed to at least 45 minutes in two consecutive matches within seven days were considered valid cases for analysis. RESULTS Eighty players participated in the study, generating 1,656 cases eligible for analysis, of which 229 resulted in muscle injuries. The hamstrings were the most frequently injured muscle group (54%), followed by the adductor (21%), triceps surae (19%), quadriceps (5%), and psoas (1%). While CK concentration was higher in muscle injury cases [783 ± 507 U/L (95%CI, 717 to 849; min-max, 105-2,800)] compared with uninjured cases [688 ± 446 U/L (95%CI, 665 to 711; min-max, 100-2,950)], it was not an accurate predictor of subsequent muscle injury risk in professional football players (sensitivity = 56%; specificity = 55%; odds ratio = 1.00; area under curve = 0.557). CONCLUSION CK concentration on the second post-match day cannot be used to effectively screen subsequent muscle injury risk in professional male football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Camillo Tamujo
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hebert Nunes Flores
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Cetolin
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - João Breno Ribeiro-Alvares
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Haupenthal
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ermidis G, Mohr M, Jamurtas AZ, Draganidis D, Poulios A, Papanikolaou K, Vigh-Larsen JF, Loules G, Sovatzidis A, Nakopoulou T, Tsimeas P, Douroudos II, Papadopoulos C, Papadimas G, Rosvoglou A, Liakou C, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, Chatzinikolaou A, Krustrup P, Fatouros IG. Recovery during Successive 120-min Football Games: Results from the 120-min Placebo/Carbohydrate Randomized Controlled Trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1094-1107. [PMID: 38306312 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the recovery kinetics (i.e., time-dependent changes) of performance-related variables between two 120-min male football games performed 3 d apart with and without carbohydrate supplementation. METHODS Twenty male players (20 ± 1 yr; body fat, 14.9% ± 5.1%; maximal oxygen consumption, 59.4 ± 3.7 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ) participated in two 120-min football games (G1, G2) according to a randomized, two-trial, repeated-measures, crossover, double-blind design. Participants received carbohydrate/placebo supplements during recovery between games. Field activity was monitored during the games. Performance testing and blood sampling were performed before and at 90 and 120 min of each game. Muscle biopsies were collected at baseline and at 90 and 120 min of G1 and pre-G2. RESULTS Compared with G1, G2 was associated with reduced total distance (10,870 vs 10,685 m during 90 min and 3327 vs 3089 m during extra 30 min; P = 0.007-0.038), average (6.7 vs 6.2 km/h during extra 30-min game-play; P = 0.007) and maximal speed (32.2 vs 30.2 km/h during 90 min and 29.0 vs 27.9 km/h during extra 30 min; P < 0.05), accelerations/decelerations ( P < 0.05), and mean heart rate ( P < 0.05). Repeated sprint ability ( P < 0.001), jumping ( P < 0.05), and strength ( P < 0.001) performance were compromised before and during G2. Muscle glycogen was not restored at G2 baseline ( P = 0.005). Extended game-play reduced lymphocyte, erythrocyte counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, reduced glutathione ( P < 0.05) and increased delayed onset of muscle soreness, creatine kinase activity, blood glycerol, ammonia, and protein carbonyls ( P < 0.05) before and during G2. Pax7 + ( P = 0.004) and MyoD + cells ( P = 0.019) increased at baseline G2. Carbohydrate supplementation restored performance and glycogen, reduced glycerol and delayed onset of muscle soreness responses, and increased leukocyte counts and Pax7 + and MyoD + cells. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that extended football games induce a prolonged recovery of performance, which may be facilitated by carbohydrate supplementation during a congested game fixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Ermidis
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK
| | | | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | | | - Jeppe F Vigh-Larsen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DENMARK
| | - Georgios Loules
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | | | | | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | | | - Constantinos Papadopoulos
- First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, GREECE
| | - Giorgos Papadimas
- First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, GREECE
| | - Anastasia Rosvoglou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | - Christina Liakou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | - Chariklia K Deli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | | | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, GREECE
| | | | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
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3
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Ponce T, Mainenti MRM, Barros T, Cahuê FLC, Fernanda Martins Dos Santos C, Piazera BKL, Salerno VP, Vaisman M. Biochemical and Hormone Markers in Firefighters: Effects of "Search, Rescue, and Survival Training" and Its Recovery. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:e189-e201. [PMID: 38266224 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ponce, T, Mainenti, MRM, de Barros, T, Cahuê, FLC, Fernanda, C, Piazera, BKL, Salerno, VP, and Vaisman, M. Biochemical and hormone markers in firefighters: effects of "search, rescue, and survival training" and its recovery. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): e189-e201, 2024-This study aimed to evaluate the hormonal and biochemical responses in military firefighter cadets to a search, rescue, and survival training (SRST) course. Forty-three male volunteers participated in the SRST over 15 days consisting of intense physical effort, sleep deprivation, and a survival period with food deprivation. At 3 timepoints (baseline, SRST, and 1 week rec), subjects submitted to blood collections, body composition examinations, physical performance evaluations, and cognitive function tests. After the SRST, lower values were registered for testosterone (764.0; 565.1-895.0 to 180.6; 133.6-253.5 ng·dl -1 ) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (217; 180-238 to 116; 102-143 ng·ml -1 ). Increases were observed for cortisol (9.7; 8.2-11.7 to 18.3; 16.5-21,2 μg·dl -1 ), growth hormone (GH) (0.11; 0.06-0.20 to 2.17; 1.4-3.4 ng·ml -1 ), CP, GSSG, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase as well as the antioxidant response of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The values of gamma-glutamyl transferase were reduced. After 1 week of recovery, levels of GH, creatine kinase, GSH, and GSSG returned to baseline values ( p < 0.05). Vertical jump performance presented a regular positive correlation with testosterone (rho = 0.56 and p < 0.0001) and a strong negative correlation with cortisol (rho = -0.61 and p < 0.0001). Body fat showed a regular and positive correlation with both testosterone and IGF-1. We conclude that participation in the SRST caused significant hormonal and biochemical changes in individuals that correlated with a loss in physical performance. Importantly, the results suggest the need for longer recovery times before a return to normal military duties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Ponce
- Department of Physical Education, Dom Pedro II Military Firefighter Academy (ABMDPII), Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (FM-UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | | | - Thiago Barros
- Department of Physical Education, Dom Pedro II Military Firefighter Academy (ABMDPII), Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Luiz Cândido Cahuê
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camilli Fernanda Martins Dos Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Karoline Lima Piazera
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Verônica P Salerno
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario Vaisman
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (FM-UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
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Fornaziero AM, Novack LF, Nascimento VB, Osiecki R. Acute Responses of Youth Elite Players to a Football Match in Terms of Blood Markers. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:242. [PMID: 38133109 PMCID: PMC10747386 DOI: 10.3390/sports11120242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study verified the acute responses of participants to a football match in terms of blood markers. Sixteen elite U-18 male football players were divided into two groups: experimental (EG, n = 10), who played a friendly football match; and control (CG), who were not exposed to any physical exertion. Intravenous blood samples were collected from both groups at baseline, pre-match, half-time, and post-match. The blood analysis consisted of four groups: immunological (leukocytes, platelets, and cortisol), muscle damage (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), metabolic (lactate, glucose, erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and urea), and electrolytic (sodium, calcium, and potassium). Edwards' training impulse demonstrated that the first half was more demanding than the second half (p = 0.020). Significant changes between time points and groups were observed for leukocytes (pre-match: 6920 ± 1949; post-match: 13,890 ± 3292; p ≤ 0.05) and cortisol (pre-match: 10.78 ± 3.63; post-match: 19.15 ± 7.40; p ≤ 0.05). CK (pre-match: 516.50 ± 248.38; post-match: 713.70 ± 308.20; p ≤ 0.05) and LDH (pre-match: 348.80 ± 36.49; post-match: 414.80 ± 26.55; p ≤ 0.05) increased significantly across the time points for the EG, with no difference between the groups, however. Raised lactate (pre-match: 1.05 ± 0.32; post-match: 3.24 ± 1.60; p ≤ 0.05) and glucose (pre-match: 72.54 ± 9.76; post-match: 101.42 ± 19.87; p ≤ 0.05) differences between the groups at half-time were also observed. These current findings provide helpful information to better understand football match demands regarding physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Montanholi Fornaziero
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (L.F.N.); (V.B.N.); (R.O.)
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Ben Brahim M, Sal-de-Rellán A, Yasin H, Hernaiz-Sánchez A. Different effects of four rest periods after the last weekly training session on young male professional soccer players' physical performance. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294867. [PMID: 38060493 PMCID: PMC10703244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to analyze the optimal pre-competitive recovery period for young male professional soccer players to be in the best conditions to achieve a higher physical performance. Seventeen young male professional soccer players (age: 20.7 ± 1.0 years) who participated in the Tunisian soccer league participated in this study. Players underwent a fitness test battery after four different recovery periods: 12, 24, 36, and 48h following their last training session. The battery fitness test included a linear sprint test (i.e., 5 and 20m distances), squat jumps (SJ), countermovement jumps (CMJ), ball shooting test, a Yo-yo endurance intermittent test (YYIRT-1) and a 15-m ball dribbling agility test (Ag). The main findings indicated that the 12h recovery period resulted in better performance in the 5m sprint test compared to 36h, as well as in the SJs and CMJs as compared to the 48h recovery period. Additionally, the 24h recovery period showed significantly better results in the 20-m sprint test compared to all other recovery periods, as well as in the SJ and Ag tests compared to the 48h recovery period. In practical terms, these findings suggest that coaches should consider scheduling the last training session for soccer players 12-24h before the match to enhance their physical performance, particularly in linear sprinting, vertical jumps, and agility variables. However, in situations where it is not possible to adjust the timing of the last training session, an alternative approach is to incorporate "priming-day" exercises on the match day, around 6-8h prior to the competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ben Brahim
- Health and Physical Education Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hussain Yasin
- Health and Physical Education Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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6
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Thorsteinsson H, Vigh-Larsen JF, Panduro J, Fristrup B, Kruse DZ, Gliemann L, Egeland M, Olesen JL, Aagaard P, Randers MB, Krustrup P, Nybo L, Overgaard K, Mohr M. The recovery of muscle function and glycogen levels following game-play in young elite male ice hockey players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2457-2469. [PMID: 37668421 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the frequent occurrence of congested game fixtures in elite ice hockey, the postgame recovery pattern has not previously been investigated. The purpose of the present study was therefore to evaluate the acute decrements and subsequent recovery of skeletal muscle glycogen levels, muscle function and repeated-sprint ability following ice hockey game-play. Sixteen male players from the Danish U20 national team completed a training game with muscle biopsies obtained before, postgame and following ~38 h of recovery (day 2). On-ice repeated-sprint ability and muscle function (maximal voluntary isometric [MVIC] and electrically induced low- (20 Hz) and high-frequency (50 Hz) knee-extensor contractions) were assessed at the same time points, as well as ~20 h into recovery (day 1). Muscle glycogen decreased 31% (p < 0.001) postgame and had returned to pregame levels on day 2. MVIC dropped 11%, whereas 50 and 20 Hz torque dropped 21% and 29% postgame, respectively, inducing a 10% reduction in the 20/50 Hz torque ratio indicative of low-frequency force depression (all p < 0.001). While MVIC torque returned to baseline on day 1, 20 and 50 Hz torque remained depressed by 9%-11% (p = 0.010-0.040), hence restoring the pre-exercise 20/50 Hz ratio. Repeated-sprint ability was only marginally reduced by 1% postgame (p = 0.041) and fully recovered on day 1. In conclusion, an elite youth ice hockey game induces substantial reductions in muscle glycogen content and muscle function, but only minor reductions in repeated-sprint ability and with complete recovery of all parameters within 1-2 days postgame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallur Thorsteinsson
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jeppe F Vigh-Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Panduro
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Fristrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel Zornow Kruse
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marte Egeland
- Department of Anesthesia, Centre and Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens L Olesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Overgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
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Gandouzi I, Fekih S, Selmi O, Chalghaf N, Turki M, Ayedi F, Guelmami N, Azaiez F, Souissi N, Marsigliante S, Muscella A. Oxidative status alteration during aerobic-dominant mixed and anaerobic-dominant mixed effort in judokas. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20442. [PMID: 37829795 PMCID: PMC10565691 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to depict the oxidative status variation in judokas during aerobic-dominant mixed effort (AeDME) and anaerobic-dominant mixed effort (AnDME). It is to be expected that the sporting commitment of Judo is a stimulus of oxidative stress leading to the recruitment of antioxidant responses. Blood samples were collected from 17 athletes at rest, immediately after a training session (AeDME) and after a 5-min bout (AnDME). AeDME and AnDME caused significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively) and glutathione (GSH) (p = 0.018 and p < 0.001 respectively). Blood thiol concentrations decreased following AeDME and AnDME (p < 0.001) whilst catalase decreased significantly after AnDME (p = 0.026) only. Uric acid increased significantly after AnDME than after AeDME (p = 0.047) while, conversely, total bilirubin was higher after AnDME than after AeDME (p = 0.02). We may ultimately summarize that AeDME and AnDME caused oxidative stress, higher in AnDME, and some antioxidant response slightly higher in AnDME compared to AeDME. In sports, monitoring of oxidative stress status is recommended as part of the training regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Gandouzi
- Molecular Basis of Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
- RU: Physical Activity, Sport & Health, The National Observatory of Sport, Tunisia
| | - Soufien Fekih
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Okba Selmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef ISSEP, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Nasr Chalghaf
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Turki
- Molecular Basis of Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Tunisia
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayedi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noomen Guelmami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef ISSEP, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Fairouz Azaiez
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- RU: Physical Activity, Sport & Health, The National Observatory of Sport, Tunisia
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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8
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Norouzzadeh M, Hasan Rashedi M, Shahinfar H, Rahideh ST. Dose-dependent effect of tart cherry on blood pressure and selected inflammation biomarkers: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19987. [PMID: 37809623 PMCID: PMC10559679 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives As a nutritious food, Tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L) benefit cardiovascular health. This study aims to clarify the effectiveness of Tart cherry in controlling blood pressure, heart rate, and inflammatory biomarkers, the appropriate dosage for this effect, and suggest directions for future studies. Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched (up to May 2022), to identify eligible randomized controlled trials. It measured publication bias and was assessed for all outcomes. Evidence quality was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE (Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations). Results Regarding the 21 included trials, Tart cherry didn't affect blood pressure, heart rate, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 (P > 0.05). In contrast, with moderate certainty, it can reduce serum C-reactive protein (WMD: - 0.39 mg/l; 95% CI: - 0.74, - 0.05; P = 0.024) and with very low certainty can decrease tumor necrosis factor-alpha (WMD: - 0.14 pg/ml; 95% CI: - 0.27, - 0.02; P = 0.026). In addition, dose-response analysis implies that with each 30 ml elevation in dose, CRP reduces by 0.19 mg/l (95% CI: - 0.37, - 0.01). Conclusions Tart cherry can control inflammation by administering the proper dose. Even though tart cherry generally doesn't affect blood pressure and heart rate, further high-quality studies are needed to determine its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Norouzzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Hasan Rashedi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Abate M, Pellegrino R, Di Iorio A, Salini V. Oxidative Stress and Performance after Training in Professional Soccer (European Football) Players. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1470. [PMID: 37508008 PMCID: PMC10376101 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins, hormones, free radicals, and antioxidant substances significantly influence athletic performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these biological mediators changed during the season and if this was associated with the rate of improvement in performance after training, assessed by means of a standardized test. Professional male soccer players took part in the study. Two evaluations were performed: the first in the pre-season period and the second at the mid-point of the official season, after about 6 months of intensive training and weekly matches. Blood levels of vitamins D, B12, and folic acid, testosterone and cortisol, free radicals, and antioxidant substances were measured. Two hours after breakfast, a Yo-Yo test was performed. The relationships between the biological mediators and the rate of improvement after training (i.e., the increase in meters run in the Yo-Yo test between the pre-season and mid-season periods) were evaluated by means of a linear mixed models analysis. Results: Eighty-two paired tests were performed. The athletes showed better performance after training, with an increase in the meters run of about 20%. No significant relationships between the vitamin and hormone values and the gain in the performance test were observed. Plasmatic levels of free radicals increased significantly, as did the blood antioxidant potential. An indirect relationship between oxidative stress and the improvement in performance was observed (free radicals β ± SE: = -0.33 ± 0.10; p-value = 0.001), with lower levels of oxidative stress being associated with higher levels of performance in the Yo-Yo test. Monitoring the measures of oxidative stress could be a useful additional tool for coaches in training and/or recovery programs tailored to each player.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Abate
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaello Pellegrino
- Department of Scientific Research, Campus Ludes, Off-Campus Semmelweis University, Pazzallo, 6912 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Di Iorio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Gabriele D'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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10
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Souglis A, Bourdas DI, Gioldasis A, Ispirlidis I, Philippou A, Zacharakis E, Apostolidis A, Efthymiou G, Travlos AK. Time Course of Performance Indexes, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage Markers after a Female Futsal Match. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:127. [PMID: 37505614 PMCID: PMC10385326 DOI: 10.3390/sports11070127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aims were to investigate the time-course effects of a futsal match on performance, oxidative stress, and muscle damage markers, as well as inflammatory and antioxidant responses during a 6-day post-match period. METHODS Thirty-four female high-level futsal players were assessed on several oxidative stress, inflammation, subjective muscle soreness, subjective rate perceived exertion, and performance tests before a futsal match, immediately after, and 24 h to 144 h after. RESULTS Counter movement jump, 20 m, and 10 m sprints performance significantly decreased immediately after the match (p < 0.05) and returned to baseline 72 h post-match (p > 0.05). Delayed onset muscle soreness peaked 24 h post-match and rate perceived exertion peaked post-match (p < 0.05) and returned to baseline 96 h post-match (p > 0.05). Inflammatory biomarkers peaked at 24 h (p < 0.05) and remained significantly elevated for 72 h after the match (p < 0.05). Muscle damage biomarkers peaked at 24 h (p < 0.05) and remained significantly (p < 0.05) elevated for at least 72 h after the match. Oxidative stress markers peaked at 24 h-48 h (p < 0.05) and returned to baseline 120 h post-match (p > 0.05). In respect to antioxidant responses, these peaked at 24 h-48 h post-match (p < 0.05) and returned to baseline 120 h after the match (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A single futsal match induces short/mid-term changes in performance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and muscle damage markers for about 72 h-96 h post-match.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Souglis
- Section of Didactics and Coaching in Sport Games, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistasis, 17237 Daphne, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I Bourdas
- Section of Sport Medicine & Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistasis, 17237 Daphne, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Gioldasis
- Section of Didactics and Coaching in Sport Games, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistasis, 17237 Daphne, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ispirlidis
- School of Physical Education & Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Panepistimioupoli, 69100 Komotini, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Zacharakis
- Section of Didactics and Coaching in Sport Games, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistasis, 17237 Daphne, Greece
| | - Alexandros Apostolidis
- Section of Didactics and Coaching in Sport Games, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistasis, 17237 Daphne, Greece
| | - Georgios Efthymiou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Papakiriazi 24, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Antonios K Travlos
- Department of Sports Organization and Management, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Efstathiou and Stamatikis Valioti & Plataion Avenue, 23100 Sparta, Greece
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11
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MOHR MAGNI, ERMIDIS GEORGIOS, JAMURTAS ATHANASIOSZ, VIGH-LARSEN JF, POULIOS ATHANASIOS, DRAGANIDIS DIMITRIOS, PAPANIKOLAOU KONSTANTINOS, TSIMEAS PANAGIOTIS, BATSILAS DIMITRIOS, LOULES GEORGIOS, BATRAKOULIS ALEXIOS, SOVATZIDIS APOSTOLOS, NIELSEN JAKOBL, TZATZAKIS THEOFANIS, DELI CHARIKLEIAK, NYBO LARS, KRUSTRUP PETER, FATOUROS IOANNISG. Extended Match Time Exacerbates Fatigue and Impacts Physiological Responses in Male Soccer Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:80-92. [PMID: 35977104 PMCID: PMC9770137 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated how extended match time (90 + 30 min) affected physiological responses and fatigue in male soccer players. METHODS Twenty competitive players (mean ± SD: age, 20 ± 1 yr; maximal oxygen uptake, 59 ± 4 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 ) completed an experimental match with their activity pattern and heart rate assessed throughout the game, whereas countermovement jump performance and repeated sprint ability were tested and quadriceps muscle biopsies and venous blood samples were taken at baseline and after 90 and 120 min of match play. RESULTS Less high-intensity running (12%) was performed in extra time in association with fewer intense accelerations and decelerations per minute compared with normal time. Peak sprint speed was 11% lower in extra time compared with normal time, and fatigue also manifested in impaired postmatch repeated sprint ability and countermovement jump performance (all P < 0.05). Muscle glycogen declined from 373 ± 59 mmol·kg -1 dry weight (dw) at baseline to 266 ± 64 mmol·kg -1 dw after 90 min, with a further decline to 186 ± 56 mmol·kg -1 dw after extra time ( P < 0.05) and with single-fiber analyses revealing depleted or very low glycogen levels in ~75% of both slow and fast twitch fibers. Blood glucose did not change during the first 90-min but declined ( P < 0.05) to 81 ± 8 mg·dL -1 after extra time. Plasma glycerol and ammonia peaked at 236 ± 33 mg·dL -1 and 75 ± 21 μmol·L -1 after the extra period. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate exacerbated fatigue after extra time compared with normal time, which seems to be associated with muscle glycogen depletion, reductions in blood glucose levels, and hyperammonemia. Together, this points to metabolic disturbances being a major part of the integrated and multifaceted fatigue response during extended soccer match play.
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Affiliation(s)
- MAGNI MOHR
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK,Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, FAROE ISLANDS
| | - GEORGIOS ERMIDIS
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK
| | - ATHANASIOS Z. JAMURTAS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | - Jeppe F. VIGH-LARSEN
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK,Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DENMARK
| | - ATHANASIOS POULIOS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | - DIMITRIOS DRAGANIDIS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | | | - PANAGIOTIS TSIMEAS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | - DIMITRIOS BATSILAS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | - GEORGIOS LOULES
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | - ALEXIOS BATRAKOULIS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | | | - JAKOB L. NIELSEN
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK
| | - THEOFANIS TZATZAKIS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | - CHARIKLEIA K. DELI
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
| | - LARS NYBO
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - PETER KRUSTRUP
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK,Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - IOANNIS G. FATOUROS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, GREECE
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12
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Pérez-Castillo ÍM, Rueda R, Bouzamondo H, López-Chicharro J, Mihic N. Biomarkers of post-match recovery in semi-professional and professional football (soccer). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1167449. [PMID: 37113691 PMCID: PMC10126523 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1167449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-level football (soccer) players face intense physical demands that result in acute and residual fatigue, impairing their physical performance in subsequent matches. Further, top-class players are frequently exposed to match-congested periods where sufficient recovery times are not achievable. To evaluate training and recovery strategies, the monitoring of players' recovery profiles is crucial. Along with performance and neuro-mechanical impairments, match-induced fatigue causes metabolic disturbances denoted by changes in chemical analytes that can be quantified in different body fluids such as blood, saliva, and urine, thus acting as biomarkers. The monitoring of these molecules might supplement performance, neuromuscular and cognitive measurements to guide coaches and trainers during the recovery period. The present narrative review aims to comprehensively review the scientific literature on biomarkers of post-match recovery in semi-professional and professional football players as well as provide an outlook on the role that metabolomic studies might play in this field of research. Overall, no single gold-standard biomarker of match-induced fatigue exists, and a range of metabolites are available to assess different aspects of post-match recovery. The use of biomarker panels might be suitable to simultaneously monitoring these broad physiological processes, yet further research on fluctuations of different analytes throughout post-match recovery is warranted. Although important efforts have been made to address the high interindividual heterogeneity of available markers, limitations inherent to these markers might compromise the information they provide to guide recovery protocols. Further research on metabolomics might benefit from evaluating the long-term recovery period from a high-level football match to shed light upon new biomarkers of post-match recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José López-Chicharro
- Real Madrid, Medical Services, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: José López-Chicharro,
| | - Niko Mihic
- Real Madrid, Medical Services, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Response by Different Polyphenol Supplements in Five-a-Side Football Players. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010177. [PMID: 36615834 PMCID: PMC9824383 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with playing soccer. The objective of the present report was to study the influence of different polyphenolic antioxidant-rich beverages in five-a-side/futsal players. The study was performed with a no supplemented control group (CG) and two supplemented groups with an almond-based beverage (AB) and the same beverage fortified with Lippia citriodora extract (AB + LE). At day 22, participants played a friendly futsal game. Blood extractions were performed at the beginning of intervention (day 1), before and after match (day 22) to determine oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma, neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Malondialdehyde increased significantly in controls after the match in neutrophils, PBMCs and plasma compared to pre-match. Protein carbonyls also increased after the match in plasma in CG. In addition, malondialdehyde levels in neutrophils were significantly lower in the supplemented groups compared to controls. Post-match samples showed significant increases in neutrophil antioxidant activities in CG. Supplemented groups displayed variable results regarding neutrophil antioxidant activities, with superoxide dismutase activity significantly lower than in controls. Finally, post-match myeloperoxidase activity increased significantly in controls compared to pre-match and supplemented groups. In conclusion, polyphenolic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplements could be instrumental for optimal recovery after high intensity futsal games.
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14
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Goulart KNO, Coimbra CC, Campos HO, Drummond LR, Ogando PHM, Brown G, Couto BP, Duffield R, Wanner SP. Fatigue and Recovery Time Course After Female Soccer Matches: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:72. [PMID: 35657571 PMCID: PMC9166924 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to analyze the extent of fatigue responses after female soccer matches and the ensuing recovery time course of performance, physiological, and perceptual responses. Methods Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) were searched in October 2020 and updated in November 2021. Studies were included when participants were female soccer players, regardless of their ability level. Further, the intervention was an official soccer match with performance, physiological, or perceptual parameters collected pre- and post-match (immediately, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h-post).
Results A total of 26 studies (n = 465 players) were included for meta-analysis. Most performance parameters showed some immediate post-match reduction (effect size [ES] = − 0.72 to − 1.80), apart from countermovement jump (CMJ; ES = − 0.04). Reduced CMJ performance occurred at 12 h (ES = − 0.38) and 24 h (ES = − 0.42) and sprint at 48 h post-match (ES = − 0.75). Inflammatory and immunological parameters responded acutely with moderate-to-large increases (ES = 0.58–2.75) immediately post-match. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase alterations persisted at 72 h post-match (ES = 3.79 and 7.46, respectively). Small-to-moderate effects were observed for increased cortisol (ES = 0.75) and reduced testosterone/cortisol ratio (ES = -0.47) immediately post-match, while negligible to small effects existed for testosterone (ES = 0.14) and estradiol (ES = 0.34). Large effects were observed for perceptual variables, with increased fatigue (ES = 1.79) and reduced vigor (ES = − 0.97) at 12 h post-match, while muscle soreness was increased immediately post (ES = 1.63) and at 24 h post-match (ES = 1.00). Conclusions Acute fatigue exists following female soccer matches, and the performance, physiological, and perceptual parameters showed distinctive recovery timelines. Importantly, physical performance was recovered at 72 h post-match, whereas muscle damage markers were still increased at this time point. These timelines should be considered when planning training and match schedules. However, some caution should be advised given the small number of studies available on this population.
Registration The protocol for this systematic review was pre-registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, Registration Number: CRD42021237857). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-022-00466-3.
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15
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Dalen-Lorentsen T, Andersen TE, Thorbjørnsen C, Brown M, Tovi D, Braastad A, Lindinger TG, Williams C, Moen E, Clarsen B, Bjørneboe J. Injury characteristics in Norwegian male professional football: A comparison between a regular season and a season in the pandemic. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:915581. [PMID: 36339642 PMCID: PMC9635315 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.915581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic forced the Norwegian male premier league football season to reschedule, reducing the fixture calendar substantially. Previous research has shown that a congested match schedule can affect injury rates in professional football. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether the Norwegian premier league teams suffered more injuries in the more match congested 2020 season than in the regular 2019-season. We invited all teams having participated in both seasons to export their injury data. Only teams that used the same medical staff to register injuries in both seasons were included, and to maximize data comparability between seasons, we applied a time-loss injury definition only. Seven of 13 teams agreed to participate and exported their injury data. Both seasons had 30 game weeks, but the 2020 season was 57 days shorter than the 2019 season. The match injury incidence did not differ significantly [incidence rate ratio 0.76 (0.48-1.20; p = 0.24) in the 2020 season compared to the 2019 season. Furthermore, we found no differences in the number of injuries, days lost to injury, matches missed to injury, or injury severity. We could not detect any differences between the two seasons, suggesting the congested match calendar combined with the safety measures in the 2020 season can be a safe alternative in future seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torstein Dalen-Lorentsen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Torstein Dalen-Lorentsen
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Tom Gerald Lindinger
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway,Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - John Bjørneboe
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Matsumura N, Nagashima S, Negoro K, Motomura Y, Shimoura K, Tateuchi H, Ichihashi N, Aoyama T, Nagai-Tanima M. The effect of Liquid ice after high-intensity exercise on muscle function compared to Block ice. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:23-26. [PMID: 34976076 PMCID: PMC8666667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryotherapy is used to recover muscle damage after exercise and to treat acute sports injuries. Liquid ice (LI) can keep cold for a long time, and is assumed more effective than block ice (BI). From this, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LI on the change of passive stiffness (PS) as muscle function and to validate the effectiveness of LI compared to BI. We performed the experiment as part of a case series of verification of the effects of cryotherapy. 22 healthy men (target area: right leg) were randomized to two groups: LI group and BI group. PS was measured three times during experiment protocol, pre: before exercise; post; after treating each cryotherapy after exercise; 48h: 48 hours after pre. Statistical analysis compared the PS, the amount of change in PS, and the rate of change in PS between the two groups. The rate of change between pre and 48h in LI was significantly lower compared to that in BI (p = 0.03). There was no significant difference regarding other results between groups. It revealed that the difference of effect between LI and BI for PS of muscles after high-intensity exercises. These results could be helpful for the choice of intervention for reducing muscle stiffness after exercise and at sports field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Matsumura
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Shohei Nagashima
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kaho Negoro
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Motomura
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kanako Shimoura
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Tateuchi
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ichihashi
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Momoko Nagai-Tanima
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
- Corresponding author. Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
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Berilli P, Fanaro GB, Santos JP, Reyes Reyes FG, Iglesias AH, Reis M, Cazarin CBB, Maróstica Junior MR. White tea modulates antioxidant defense of endurance-trained rats. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:256-264. [PMID: 35800140 PMCID: PMC9253650 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in nutritional strategies that may counteract the deleterious oxidative effects induced by strenuous exercises is remarkable. Herein, the impact of white tea (Camellia sinensis) (WT), a polyphenol-rich beverage, on antioxidant status in endurance-trained rats after one session of exhaustive exercise were evaluated. Male Wistar rats were divided into groups, which received: control groups - water, and testing groups - WT1 (0.25%; w/v) or WT2 (0.5%; w/v). Drinks were consumed, ad libitum, for 5 or 10 weeks, concomitantly with the running training. Exhaustive running tests were applied before and after the experimental periods. WT intake increased the serum antioxidant capacity of rats in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001), which was unaccompanied by the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPx, and GR, and GSH content. Inflammatory markers in serum [IL-1β (P = 0.004) and IL-6 (P = 0.001)] could be downregulated by tea intake. In liver tissue, lower levels of lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) and improved antioxidant defenses (SOD, GPx, GR, and GSH, P < 0.05) were related to the consumption of 10.13039/100010269WT in both doses, supporting protective effects in this responsible metabolic organ. In conclusion, long-term consumption of WT could be a promising adjuvant to exercise-stress management, emphasizing its ability to regulate antioxidant responses and prevent oxidative tissue damage. White tea intake improved antioxidant status of blood and liver of runner rats. White tea intake promoted protective effect against liver lipid peroxidation after an exhaustive exercise. Long term white tea intake did not enhance physical performance.
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Kawamura A, Hashimoto S, Suzuki M, Ueno H, Sugita M. Oligomerized polyphenols in lychee fruit extract supplements may improve high-intensity exercise performance in male athletes: a pilot study. Phys Act Nutr 2021; 25:8-15. [PMID: 34727683 PMCID: PMC8580582 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2021.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by prolonged high-intensity exercise can cause structural and functional damage. Antioxidant polyphenol supplementation, which reduces ROS levels, may improve high-intensity exercise performance. We evaluated the effect of lychee fruit extract, which contains high levels of low-molecular-weight oligomerized polyphenols, on high-intensity exercise performance. [Methods] Ten male athletes were included in an open-label trial that consisted of control and intervention phases, with a 7-day washout period between phases. The participants were administered oligomerized lychee fruit extract for seven days, whereas no intervention was given in the control phase. High-intensity intermittent exercise and the Wingate test were performed. The power output, blood lactate levels, reactive oxygen metabolite levels, biological antioxidant potential, heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion were measured. [Results] The average power output was significantly higher in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.01), while the change in blood lactate levels was significantly lower in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.05). The average heart rate was significantly higher in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.05), without changing the rate of perceived exertion. Although there was no difference in reactive oxygen metabolite levels between the phase, the change in biological antioxidant potential was larger in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P = 0.06). The Wingate test showed no significant differences between the phase. [Conclusion] Short-term loading with oligomerized lychee fruit extract may increase performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise by improving metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Kawamura
- Sports Science Research Promotion Centre, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Hashimoto
- Sports Science Research Promotion Centre, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ueno
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sugita
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Gimenes SV, Marocolo M, Pavin LN, Spigolon LMP, Barbosa Neto O, da Silva BVC, Duffield R, da Mota GR. Compression Stockings Used During Two Soccer Matches Improve Perceived Muscle Soreness and High-Intensity Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2010-2017. [PMID: 30789580 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gimenes, SV, Marocolo, M, Pavin, LN, Pagoto Spigolon, LM, Neto, OB, Côrrea da Silva, BV, Duffield, R, and Ribeiro da Mota, G. Compression stockings used during two soccer matches improve perceived muscle soreness and high-intensity performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 2010-2017, 2021-Evidence on the use of compression stockings (CS) during soccer matches is limited. Thus, we evaluated the acute effects of CS on match-based physical performance indicators and perceptual responses during 2 consecutive soccer matches with 72-hour recovery. Twenty outfield players were randomly allocated to the CS group (20-30 mm Hg) or control group (non-CS) and performed 2 matches (5 players using CS or regular socks per team/match). Match loads {rating of perceived exertion × minutes; CS ∼830 vs. control 843 (arbitrary units [AU])} and heart rate (HR) responses (both CS and control ∼86% HRpeak) did not differ (p > 0.05) between CS and control groups. Although total distance covered did not differ (p > 0.05) between groups, CS increased distances (effect size [ES] = 0.9-1.32) in higher-speed zones (>19 km·h-1 CS ∼550 m vs. control ∼373 m) alongside an increased number of accelerations (-50.0 to -3.0 m·s-2) than control (CS: 33.7 ± 11.2 vs. control: 23.8 ± 7.9; p = 0.003; ES = 1.04). Perceived recovery did not differ (p > 0.05) between groups for either match but was worse in the second match for both groups. Perceived muscle soreness increased in control after match 2 (from 3.1 ± 1.9 to 6.3 ± 1.6 AU; p < 0.0010) but did not in CS (from 2.8 ± 1.4 to 4.1 ± 1.9 AU; p = 0.6275; ES = 1.24 CS vs. control after match). Accordingly, CS use during 2 soccer matches with 72-hour recovery reduces perceived muscle soreness in the second match and increases higher-speed match running performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Valencia Gimenes
- Human Performance and Sports Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Larissa Neves Pavin
- Human Performance and Sports Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Leandro Mateus Pagoto Spigolon
- School of Physical Education, Campinas State University FEF/UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Desportivo Brasil, Porto Feliz, Brazil
| | - Octávio Barbosa Neto
- Human Performance and Sports Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Bruno Victor Côrrea da Silva
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Belo Horizonte (Uni-BH), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and
| | - Rob Duffield
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, Australia
| | - Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota
- Human Performance and Sports Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
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High-Acceleration Movement, Muscle Damage, and Perceived Exertion in Basketball Games. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 17:16-21. [PMID: 34186509 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the number of high-acceleration movements on muscle damage and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in basketball games. METHODS Twenty-one male collegiate basketball players (mean age, 20.0 [1.0] y) were included. A triaxial accelerometer was used to measure acceleration in basketball-simulated scrimmages. To detect higher physical load during the actual game, the resultant acceleration was calculated, and 3 thresholds were set: >4G, >6G, and >8G resultant accelerations. The number of the extracted movements was calculated at each acceleration threshold. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) levels (marker of muscle damage) were estimated before and 24 hours after the match, and the session-RPE load was calculated within 30 minutes after the match. Pearson product-moment correlations with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the relationships between the number of high-acceleration movements and plasma CK and session-RPE load. RESULTS Significant correlations were observed between the number of high-acceleration movements >8G and CK level (r = .74; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.89; P < .0001). Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between acceleration and CK increased with increased acceleration threshold (>4G: r = .65; >6G: r = .69). Contrastingly, the correlation coefficient between acceleration and the session-RPE load decreased with increased acceleration threshold (>4G: r = .72; >6G: r = .52; >8G: r = .43). CONCLUSIONS The session-RPE reflects the total amount of movement, while the high-acceleration movement reflects the momentary large impact load or intensity, and they evaluated different factors. Basketball coaching and conditioning professionals recommended combining acceleration and session-RPE when monitoring the load of athletes.
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21
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Krustrup P, Mohr M, Nybo L, Draganidis D, Randers MB, Ermidis G, Ørntoft C, Røddik L, Batsilas D, Poulios A, Ørtenblad N, Loules G, Deli CK, Batrakoulis A, Nielsen JL, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. Muscle metabolism and impaired sprint performance in an elite women's football game. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32 Suppl 1:27-38. [PMID: 34171140 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined skeletal muscle metabolism and changes in repeated sprint performance during match play for n = 20 competitive elite women outfield players. We obtained musculus vastus lateralis biopsies and blood samples before, after, and following intense periods in each half of a friendly match, along with 5 × 30-meter sprint tests and movement pattern analyses (10-Hz S5 Global Positioning System [GPS]). Muscle glycogen decreased by 39% and 42% after an intense period of the second half and after the match, respectively, compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Post-match, 80% type I fibers and 69% type II fibers were almost empty or completely empty of glycogen. Muscle lactate was higher (p < 0.05) after the intense period of the first half and post-match compared to baseline (14.3 ± 4.6 (±SEM) and 12.9 ± 5.7 vs. 6.4 ± 3.7 mmol/kg d.w.). Muscle phosphocreatine was reduced (p < 0.05) by 16% and 12%, respectively, after an intense period in the first and second half compared to baseline. Blood lactate and glucose increased during the match and peaked at 8.4 ± 2.0 and 7.9 ± 1.2 mmol/L, respectively. Mean 5 × 30 m sprint time declined by 3.2 ± 1.7 and 7.0 ± 2.1% after the first and second half, respectively, and 4.7 ± 1.6% (p < 0.05) after an intense period in the first half compared to baseline. In conclusion, match play in elite female football players resulted in marked glycogen depletion in both fiber types, which may explain fatigue at the end of a match. Repeated sprint ability was impaired after intense periods in the first half and after both halves, which may be associated with the observed muscle metabolite perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Center of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Morten B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Georgios Ermidis
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, "Parthenope" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Christina Ørntoft
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Team Danmark, Brøndby, Denmark
| | - Line Røddik
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dimitrios Batsilas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Georgios Loules
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Charikleia K Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Alexios Batrakoulis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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Trecroci A, Perri E, Lombardi G, Banfi G, Del Vescovo R, Rosa EM, Alberti G, Iaia FM. Perceptual and Biochemical Responses in Relation to Different Match-Day +2 Training Interventions in Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2021; 12:685804. [PMID: 34248672 PMCID: PMC8264547 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.685804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of two different post-match training interventions on the subsequent recovery of perceptual and biochemical parameters after the game. In a crossover design, eight sub-elite players underwent a soccer-specific training (SST) and an active recovery (AR) regimen on the second day after a match (+48 h). Muscle soreness as well as muscle damage (creatine kinase, CK), inflammatory (C-reactive protein and interleukin 6), immunological (e.g., lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes), and endocrine (cortisol) markers were obtained at baseline (-72 h), immediately after (0 h), and 72 h post-match (+72 h). AR promoted a higher restoration of muscle soreness values (P = 0.004, η2 p = 0.49) together with a better restoration of CK within 72 h post-match compared with SST (P = 0.04, η2 p = 0.36). Conversely, no significant (P > 0.05, η2 p < 0.91) differences were observed in the recovery timeframe of inflammatory, immunological, and endocrine responses between SST and AR. Overall, AR elicited a quicker muscle soreness and CK restoration compared to SST intervention at 72 h post-match. Such information provides novel evidence-based findings on the appropriateness of different recovery strategies and may aid to improve the practitioners' decision-making process when two consecutive games are played within 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Perri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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23
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The Association Between Alterations in Redox Homeostasis, Cortisol, and Commonly Used Objective and Subjective Markers of Fatigue in American Collegiate Football. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1851-1857. [PMID: 34051699 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess associations between a free oxygen radical test (FORT), free oxygen radical defense test (FORD), oxidative stress index, urinary cortisol, countermovement jump (CMJ), and subjective wellness in American college football. METHODS Twenty-three male student athlete American college football players were assessed over 10 weeks: off-season conditioning (3 wk), preseason camp (4 wk), and in season (3 wk). Assessments included a once-weekly FORT and FORD blood sample, urinary cortisol sample, CMJ assessment including flight time, reactive strength index modified and concentric impulse, and a daily subjective wellness questionnaire. Linear mixed models analyzed the effect of a 2 within-subject SD change in the predictor variable on the dependent variable. The effects were interpreted using magnitude-based inference and are presented as standardized effect size (ES) ± 90% confidence intervals. RESULTS Small negative associations were observed between FORT-flight time, FORT-fatigue, FORT-soreness (ES range = -0.30 to -0.48), FORD-sleep (ES = 0.42 ± 0.29), and oxidative stress index soreness (ES = 0.56 ± 0.29). Small positive associations were observed between FORT-cortisol (ES = 0.36 ± 0.35), FORD-flight time, FORD reactive strength index modified and FORD-soreness (0.37-0.41), oxidative stress index concentric impulse (ES = 0.37 ± 0.28), and with soreness-concentric impulse, soreness-flight time, and soreness reactive strength index modified (0.33-0.59). Moderate positive associations were observed between cortisol-concentric impulse and cortisol-sleep (0.57-0.60). CONCLUSION FORT/FORD was associated with CMJ variables and subjective wellness. Greater amounts of subjective soreness were associated with decreased CMJ performance, increased FORT and cortisol, and decreased FORD.
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24
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Vantarakis A, Vezos N, Karakatsanis K, Grivas G, Oikonomou T, Argyratou AD, Vantarakis SA, Kalligeros S. The Effects of Exercise During a 10-Week Basic Military Training Program on the Physical Fitness and the Body Composition of the Greek Naval Cadets. Mil Med 2021; 187:e1396-e1402. [PMID: 33876215 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The period of basic military training (BMT) is a sudden change in the individual habits of the trainees and is characterized by significant improvements in body composition such as the percentage of body fat (%BF) and lean body mass (BM). Research has shown that physical activity during the period of BMT lasting 7-10 weeks has positive effects on the physical condition and BM of cadets. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training combining cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course on physical fitness and body composition during a 10-week BMT period over 4 years in the Hellenic Naval Academy (HNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 185 Greek cadets of the HNA (age: 18.4 ± 0.7 years, height: 1.77 ± 6.7 m, BM: 72.6 ± 9.1 kg), of which 153 was male (age: 18.3 ± 0.6 years, height: 1.79 ± 5.8 cm, BM: 75.3 ± 7.6 kg) and 32 was female (age: 18.6 ± 0.9 years, height: 1.68 ± 2.8 cm, BM: 59.9 ± 3.1 kg).The cadets participated each year for 4 years in the BMT, performing 94 training sessions, five times a week. The weekly training program included cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course. The measurements of the participants before and after BMT were on BM, %BF, and body mass index (BMI); on the number of sit-ups (SU1), push-ups (PU1), and pull-ups (PullU1) in 1 minute; and on the 12-minute aerobic Cooper test (12-min run). RESULTS The results of the study showed that the BM of the cadets decreased significantly by 2.5%, (t184 = 17.591, P < .01), in men by 2.7% (t152 = 16.243, P < .01) and in women by 2.2% (t31 = 9.280, P < .01). Body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly by 2.6% (t184 = 17.681, P < .01), in men by 3.0% (t152 = 16.046, P < .01) and in women by 2.3% (t31 = 9.224, P < 0.01). Reduction in %BF in all cadets reached 11.3% (t184 = 8.134, P < .01), for men -14.8% (t152 = 8.918, P < .01) and women -2.1% (t31 = 0.860, P > .05) without significant differences between the measurements.The number of push-ups in 1 minute (PU1) significantly increased by 27.6% (t184 = -27.813, P < .01), in women by +35.6% (t31 = 13,864, P < .01). The number of sit-ups in 1 minute (SU1) significantly increased by 27.3% (t184 = -30.501, P < .01), for men +28.8% (t152 = -29.862, P < .01). The number of pull-ups in 1 minute (PullU1) reached 20.8% (t184 = -13.426, P < .01) in total, at similar levels in men (t152 = -13.918, p < .01) and women (t31 = -2.820, P < .01).On the 12-min run, the significant improvement exceeded 10.8% (t184 = -45.289, P < .01), in men by 11.1% (t152 = -45.222, P < .01) while in women by 9.0% (t31 = 15.709, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that 10 weeks of BMT, which combined cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course improved the body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, and the strength of the Greek HNA cadets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Vantarakis
- Physical Education and Sports, Division of Humanities and Political Sciences, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, Athens 185 39, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vezos
- Physical Education and Sports, Division of Humanities and Political Sciences, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, Athens 185 39, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karakatsanis
- Physical Education and Sports, Division of Humanities and Political Sciences, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, Athens 185 39, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Grivas
- Physical Education and Sports, Division of Humanities and Political Sciences, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, Athens 185 39, Greece
| | - Theodosia Oikonomou
- Physical Education and Sports, Division of Humanities and Political Sciences, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, Athens 185 39, Greece
| | - Anna D Argyratou
- 22 Senior High School of Athens, Rizoupoli, Athens 111 42, Greece
| | - Sotirios A Vantarakis
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras 265 04, Greece
| | - Stamatis Kalligeros
- Division of Applied Mechanics and Naval Materials, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, Athens 185 39, Greece
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Blond BN, Blond JB, Loscalzo PJ. Game Spacing and Density in Relation to the Risk of Injuries in the National Hockey League. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967121999401. [PMID: 33954221 PMCID: PMC8058808 DOI: 10.1177/2325967121999401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ice hockey has significant workload demands. Research of other sports has suggested that decreased rest between games as well as an increased workload may increase the risk of injuries. Purpose To evaluate whether condensed game schedules increase the frequency and severity of injuries in the National Hockey League (NHL). Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Data were obtained from publicly available online sources on game schedules and injuries for all NHL teams for the 2005-2006 through 2018-2019 seasons. Injury rates (per team per game) and the proportion of severe and nonsevere injuries were determined. The game-spacing analysis assessed the risk of injuries in relation to the number of days between games played (range, 0-≥6 days). The game-density analysis assessed the risk of injuries in relation to the number of games played within 7 days (range, 1-5 games). Results were assessed by analysis of variance, the post hoc Tukey test, and the chi-square test of distribution. Results The game-spacing analysis included 33,170 games and 7224 injuries, and a significant group difference was found (P = 1.44×10-5), with the post hoc test demonstrating an increased risk of injuries when games were spaced with <1 day of rest. There was no significant difference in the ratio of severe to nonsevere injuries. The game-density analysis included 33,592 games and 10,752 injuries, and a significant group difference was found (P = 8.22×10-48), demonstrating an increased risk of injuries with an increased number of games in all conditions except for the comparison between 4 versus 5 games in 7 days. There was also a significant difference in injury severity (P = .008), indicating that the least dense condition had a higher ratio of severe to nonsevere injuries compared with the other game-density conditions. Finally, the game-density analysis was repeated after excluding games played with <1 day of rest, and the finding of increased injury rates with increasingly condensed schedules remained significant (P = 9.52×10-46), with significant differences between all groups except for the comparison between 1 versus 2 games in 7 days. Conclusion We found that a condensed schedule and <1 day of rest between games were associated with an increased rate of injuries in the NHL. These findings may help in the design of future game schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Blond
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua B Blond
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul J Loscalzo
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, New York, USA
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Effect of a Shock Micro-Cycle on Biochemical Markers in University Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073581. [PMID: 33808309 PMCID: PMC8036591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine various biochemical biomarkers changes during a shock micro-cycle in soccer players from a university team. The study had 22 players (age: 22 ± 3 years; body mass: 68.6 ± 7.1 kg; height: 1.73 ± 0.07 m). The study measured total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol linked to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), arterial index (AI), creatine kinase (CK), glutamate-oxalacetate-transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (GPT), creatinine (Cr), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytokines IL6 and TNFα, total antioxidant capacity (Cap antiox tot), hemolysis percentage and glomerular filtration rate (GFR); measurements were conducted during a shock micro-cycle. The lipid profile variables had no statistical significance when compared on day 1 with day 14. Except for TNFα, the other biomarkers compared with day one had progressive increments until day seven, with a subsequent reduction on day 14; however, none of the biomarkers returned to baseline values despite this decrease. The data shown herein suggest the need to research these biomarkers in distinct types of mesocycles, exercise, intensity, load, and duration to diminish fatigue and improve athlete performance.
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Pappas A, Tsiokanos A, Fatouros IG, Poulios A, Kouretas D, Goutzourelas N, Giakas G, Jamurtas AZ. The Effects of Spirulina Supplementation on Redox Status and Performance Following a Muscle Damaging Protocol. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073559. [PMID: 33808079 PMCID: PMC8037525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina plantensis is a popular supplement which has been shown to have antioxidant and performance enhancing properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of spirulina supplementation on (a) redox status (b) muscle performance and (c) muscle damage following an eccentric bout of exercise that would induce muscle damage. Twenty-four healthy, recreationally trained males participated in the study and were randomly separated into two groups: a spirulina supplementation (6 g per day) and a placebo group. Both groups performed an eccentric bout of exercise consisting of 5 sets and 15 maximum reps per set. Blood was collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the bout and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and protein carbonyls (PC) were assessed in plasma. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was also assessed at the same aforementioned time points. Eccentric peak torque (EPT) was evaluated immediately after exercise, as well as at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post exercise. Redox status indices (TAC and PC) did not change significantly at any time point post exercise. DOMS increased significantly 24 h post exercise and remained elevated until 72 h and 96 h post exercise for the placebo and spirulina group, respectively. EPT decreased significantly and immediately post exercise and remained significantly lower compared to baseline until 72 h post exercise. No significant differences between groups were found for DOMS and EPT. These results indicate that spirulina supplementation following a muscle damaging protocol does not confer beneficial effects on redox status, muscle performance or damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggelos Pappas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.P.); (A.T.); (I.G.F.); (A.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Athanasios Tsiokanos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.P.); (A.T.); (I.G.F.); (A.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Ioannis G. Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.P.); (A.T.); (I.G.F.); (A.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.P.); (A.T.); (I.G.F.); (A.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Dimitris Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Nikos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Giannis Giakas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.P.); (A.T.); (I.G.F.); (A.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.P.); (A.T.); (I.G.F.); (A.P.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Tofas T, Fatouros IG, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Chatzinikolaou A, Tziortzis C, Panayiotou G, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. Effects of Cardiovascular, Resistance and Combined Exercise Training on Cardiovascular, Performance and Blood Redox Parameters in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: An 8-Month Training-Detraining Randomized Intervention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030409. [PMID: 33803076 PMCID: PMC8001546 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that chronic/regular exercise improves the cardiovascular function, decreases oxidative stress and enhances the antioxidant capacity in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the chronic effects of different types of training and detraining on cardiovascular function and the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in these patients. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the effects of cardiovascular, resistance and combined exercise training followed by a three-month detraining period, on cardiovascular function, physical performance and blood redox status parameters in CAD patients. Sixty coronary artery disease patients were randomly assigned to either a cardiovascular training (CVT, N = 15), resistance training (RT, N = 11), combined cardiovascular and resistance training (CT, N = 16) or a control (C, N = 15) group. The training groups participated in an 8-month supervised training program (training three days/week) followed by a 3-month detraining period, while the control group participated only in measurements. Body composition, blood pressure, performance-related variables (aerobic capacity (VO2max), muscle strength, flexibility) and blood redox status-related parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), catalase activity (CAT), protein carbonyls (PC)) were assessed at the beginning of the study, after 4 and 8 months of training as well as following 1, 2 and 3 months of detraining (DT). CVT induced the most remarkable and pronounced alterations in blood pressure (~9% reduction in systolic blood pressure and ~5% in diastolic blood pressure) and redox status since it had a positive effect on all redox-related variables (ranging from 16 to 137%). RT and CT training affected positively some of the assessed (TAC, CAT and PC) redox-related variables. Performance-related variables retained the positive response of the training, whereas most of the redox status parameters, for all training groups, restored near to the pre-exercise values at the end of the DT period. These results indicate that exercise training has a significant effect on redox status of CAD. Three months of detraining is enough to abolish the exercise-induced beneficial effects on redox status, indicating that for a better antioxidant status, exercise must be a lifetime commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tryfonas Tofas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ioannis G. Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Chariklia K. Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece;
| | - Charalambos Tziortzis
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus 6 Diogenis Str., 2404 Engomi, P.O. Box 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.T.); (G.P.)
| | - George Panayiotou
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus 6 Diogenis Str., 2404 Engomi, P.O. Box 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
- School of Sports, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall Campus, Gorway Rd, Walsall WS1 3BD, UK
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-24310-47054
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Recovery Kinetics Following Small-Sided Games in Competitive Soccer Players: Does Player Density Size Matter? Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1270-1280. [PMID: 33626506 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the recovery kinetics of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), neuromuscular fatigue, and performance following small-sided games (SSGs) of different densities in soccer. METHODS Ten male players randomly completed 3 trials: a control trial (no SSGs), 4v4 SSGs (62.5 m2/player), and 8v8 SSGs (284.4 m2/player). External and internal load were monitored using GPS technology, heart-rate monitors, and rating of perceived exertion. Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), creatine kinase (CK), isokinetic strength, countermovement jump (CMJ), and sprint were determined at baseline, as well as at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-SSGs. Neuromuscular fatigue was assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 hours post-SSGs. RESULTS DOMS increased (P < .05) in 4v4 for 72 hours and in 8v8 for 24 hours with that of knee flexors being more pronounced than that of extensors. CK increased (P < .05) in 4v4 for 72 hours and in 8v8 for 24 hours. Neuromuscular fatigue increased (P < .05) in 4v4 for 2 hours and in 8v8 for 3 hours. Strength declined (P < .05) in 4v4 for 48 hours and in 8v8 for 72 hours. CMJ decreased (P < .05) in 4v4 for 24 hours and in 8v8 for 48 hours. Sprint decreased (P < .05) for 48 hours in 4v4 and for 72 hours in 8v8. CONCLUSIONS SSGs are associated with a prolonged rise of EIMD and induce short-term neuromuscular fatigue and slow recovery kinetics of strength, jump, and sprinting performance. The time for complete recovery is longer for SSGs of lower density.
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Margato GF, Andrade Júnior EF, Lara PHS, Pagura JR, Cohen M, Arliani GG. Estudo prospectivo das lesões musculares em três temporadas consecutivas do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol. Rev Bras Ortop 2020; 55:687-694. [PMID: 33364645 PMCID: PMC7748931 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
To perform a prospective evaluation of muscle injuries that occurred during the matches of series A and B of the Brazilian Men's Football Championship from 2016 to 2018.
Prospective
A prospective-cohort study with data collection regarding muscle injuries that occurred during the official matches of the first and second divisions of the Brazilian Men's Soccer Championship in the 2016, 2017 and 2018 seasons.
Results
The total number of muscle injuries was of 577 throughout the 3 seasons, with a gradual and annual reduction in the incidence of injuries (219 injuries in 2016, 195 in 2017, and 163 in 2018), with a statistically significant difference between the 2016 and 2018 seasons. Muscle injuries represented approximately 35% of the total lesions. The incidence of muscle injuries was of 7.66 per 1,000 hours of play. During the 3 seasons (2016 to 2018), the most common injury was of the hamstring muscle (41.1%, 40.5%, and 33.7% respectively). Wingers were the most affected players, and the most common injury severity scale was moderate (8 to 28 days). The moment of the match with the highest incidence of injuries was in the period between 61 and 75 minutes, with an index of 19.9%, with no statistical difference in relation to the other periods of the match.
Conclusion
There was an incidence of muscle injuries of 7.7 /1,000 h, and they occurred predominantly in home games, in defenders (wingers and centre-backs), with an average age of 28 years, mainly involving the hamstring muscles, with a moderate mean time of absence (8 to 28 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Furlan Margato
- Centro de Traumatologia do Esporte, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Edilson Ferreira Andrade Júnior
- Centro de Traumatologia do Esporte, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paulo Henrique Schmidt Lara
- Centro de Traumatologia do Esporte, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Jorge Roberto Pagura
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - Moisés Cohen
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Gonçalves Arliani
- Centro de Traumatologia do Esporte, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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31
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Relationships between Training Loads and Selected Blood Parameters in Professional Soccer Players during a 12-Day Sports Camp. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228580. [PMID: 33227932 PMCID: PMC7699258 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to assess the relations between training loads and selected blood parameters in professional soccer players during a preseason sports camp. Fifteen professional soccer players (age: 24.3 ± 5.25 year; height: 182.6 ± 6.75 cm; weight: 76.4 ± 6.72 kg) participated in the 12-day training camp. All the training sessions and friendly games were accurately analyzed with a GPS system. Blood samples were taken from the players and analyzed before the camp (PRE), in the middle (MID), and one day after the camp (POST). Mean total distance covered by the players during the camp was 85,205 ± 2685 m, high-intensity running 12,454 ± 1873 m, and sprinting 639 ± 219 m. The highest aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and C-reactive protein (CRP) values were observed after six days of the camp. The application of intensive training during a 12-day sports camp can be associated with chronic muscle pain with high activity of some blood enzymes (CK, AST) and a high concentration of myoglobin (Mb). During training camps longer than 10 days, it would be necessary to apply, every second or third day, one day of rest, and the training load should not exceed two units every day.
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32
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Inflammation, Peripheral Signals and Redox Homeostasis in Athletes Who Practice Different Sports. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111065. [PMID: 33143147 PMCID: PMC7693221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of training in regulating body mass and performance is well known. Physical training induces metabolic changes in the organism, leading to the activation of adaptive mechanisms aimed at establishing a new dynamic equilibrium. However, exercise can have both positive and negative effects on inflammatory and redox statuses. In recent years, attention has focused on the regulation of energy homeostasis and most studies have reported the involvement of peripheral signals in influencing energy and even inflammatory homeostasis due to overtraining syndrome. Among these, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-1β (IL1β) and tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa) were reported to influence energy and even inflammatory homeostasis. However, most studies were performed on sedentary individuals undergoing an aerobic training program. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to focus on high-performance exercise studies performed in athletes to correlate peripheral mediators and key inflammation markers with physiological and pathological conditions in different sports such as basketball, soccer, swimming and cycling.
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Beattie CE, Fahey JT, Pullinger SA, Edwards BJ, Robertson CM. The sensitivity of countermovement jump, creatine kinase and urine osmolality to 90-min of competitive match-play in elite English Championship football players 48-h post-match. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2020; 5:165-173. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1828614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Beattie
- School of Sport and Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
- Sport Science & Medical Department at Bolton Wanderers Football Club, Bolton, UK
| | - Jack T. Fahey
- Sport Science & Medical Department at Bolton Wanderers Football Club, Bolton, UK
| | | | - Ben J. Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Colin M. Robertson
- School of Sport and Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
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Changes in γH2AX and H4K16ac levels are involved in the biochemical response to a competitive soccer match in adolescent players. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14481. [PMID: 32879387 PMCID: PMC7468116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine novel putative markers of the response to the competitive soccer match in adolescent players, such as changes in global levels of γH2AX and H4K16ac in the chromatin of peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBCs) and a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)-based biochemical fingerprint of serum. These characteristics were examined with reference to the physiological and metabolic aspects of this response. Immediately post-match we noticed: (1) a systemic inflammatory response, manifesting as peaks in leukocyte count and changes in concentrations of IL-6, TNFα, and cortisol; (2) a peak in plasma lactate; (3) onset of oxidative stress, manifesting as a decline in GSH/GSSG; (4) onset of muscle injury, reflected in an increase in CK activity. Twenty-four hours post-match the decrease in GSH/GSSG was accompanied by accumulation of MDA and 8-OHdG, macromolecule oxidation end-products, and an increase in CK activity. No changes in SOD1 or GPX1 levels were found. Repeated measures correlation revealed several associations between the investigated biomarkers. The FTIR analysis revealed that the match had the greatest impact on serum lipid profile immediately post-game. In turn, increases in γH2AX and H4K16ac levels at 24 h post-match indicated activation of a DNA repair pathway.
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35
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Becker M, Sperlich B, Zinner C, Achtzehn S. Intra-Individual and Seasonal Variation of Selected Biomarkers for Internal Load Monitoring in U-19 Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2020; 11:838. [PMID: 32848822 PMCID: PMC7417431 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate inter-day and -week as well as intra- and inter-individual variation of selected biomarkers in high-performance youth soccer players to assist practitioners interpreting player's internal load to counteract underperformance and unwanted health risks. Eleven male youth soccer players were tested multiple times during two 3-week periods at midpoint (3-wkmid) and at the end (3-wkend) of the first half of a German under-19 1. Bundesliga season. The levels of creatine kinase (CK), urea, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured during 3-wkmid and 3-wkend each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. In 3-wkmid the CK median was 14% higher (241 vs. 212 U/L) compared to 3-wkend (P = 0.26, ES = 0.16). Overall, the medians of CK, urea (P = 0.59, ES = 0.08), and CRP (P = 0.56, ES = 0.10) during 3-wkmid did not differ to the values of 3-wkend. Daily coefficient of variations (CVs) ranged from 22 to 71% (CK), 17 to 37% (urea), and 9 to 164% (CRP). Individual medians ranged from 101 to 350 U/L (CK), 23 to 50 mg/dL (urea), and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/L (CRP). High intra-individual variability was demonstrated by large intra-individual CVs (medians: CK 50%, urea 18%, and CRP 45%). Our data show (i) large inter-day and inter-week variability of all biomarkers, depending on the external load and (ii) considerable inter- and intra-individual parameter variations. Creatine kinase concentrations could sensitively reflect soccer-specific loads during the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Becker
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Decode Dynamics Sports Performance Institute, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Zinner
- Department of Sport, University of Applied Sciences for Police and Administration of Hesse, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Silvia Achtzehn
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Trecroci A, Porcelli S, Perri E, Pedrali M, Rasica L, Alberti G, Longo S, Iaia FM. Effects of Different Training Interventions on the Recovery of Physical and Neuromuscular Performance After a Soccer Match. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2189-2196. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Pedlar CR, Newell J, Lewis NA. Blood Biomarker Profiling and Monitoring for High-Performance Physiology and Nutrition: Current Perspectives, Limitations and Recommendations. Sports Med 2020; 49:185-198. [PMID: 31691931 PMCID: PMC6901403 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood test data were traditionally confined to the clinic for diagnostic purposes, but are now becoming more routinely used in many professional and elite high-performance settings as a physiological profiling and monitoring tool. A wealth of information based on robust research evidence can be gleaned from blood tests, including: the identification of iron, vitamin or energy deficiency; the identification of oxidative stress and inflammation; and the status of red blood cell populations. Serial blood test data can be used to monitor athletes and make inferences about the efficacy of training interventions, nutritional strategies or indeed the capacity to tolerate training load. Via a profiling and monitoring approach, blood biomarker measurement combined with contextual data has the potential to help athletes avoid injury and illness via adjustments to diet, training load and recovery strategies. Since wide inter-individual variability exists in many biomarkers, clinical population-based reference data can be of limited value in athletes, and statistical methods for longitudinal data are required to identify meaningful changes within an athlete. Data quality is often compromised by poor pre-analytic controls in sport settings. The biotechnology industry is rapidly evolving, providing new technologies and methods, some of which may be well suited to athlete applications in the future. This review provides current perspectives, limitations and recommendations for sports science and sports medicine practitioners using blood profiling and monitoring for nutrition and performance purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK. .,Orreco, Business Innovation Unit, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. .,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - John Newell
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nathan A Lewis
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK.,Orreco, Business Innovation Unit, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,English Institute of Sport, Bath, UK
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Ferrari D, Lombardi G, Strollo M, Pontillo M, Motta A, Locatelli M. A Possible Antioxidant Role for Vitamin D in Soccer Players: A Retrospective Analysis of Psychophysical Stress Markers in a Professional Team. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103484. [PMID: 32429456 PMCID: PMC7277111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of physical activity are recognized, however, high levels of exercise may lead to metabolic pathway imbalances that could evolve into pathological conditions like the increased risk of neurological disease observed in professional athletes. We analyzed the plasma/serum levels of 29 athletes from a professional soccer team playing in the Italian first league and tested the levels of psychophysical stress markers (vitamin D, creatine kinase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and testosterone/cortisol ratio) during a period of 13 months. The testosterone/cortisol ratio was consistent with an appropriate training program. However, most of the athletes showed high levels of creatine kinase and ROS. Despite the large outdoor activity, vitamin D values were often below the sufficiency level and, during the “vitamin D winter”, comparable with those of the general population. Interestingly, high vitamin D values seemed to be associated to low levels of ROS. Based on the results of our study we proposed a vitamin D supplementation as a general practice for people who perform high levels of physical exercise. Beside the known effect on calcium and phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D supplementation should mitigate the high reactivity of ROS which might be correlated to higher risk of neurodegenerative diseases observed in professional athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- SCVSA Department, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Laboratory Medicine Service, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906633; Fax: +39-0521-905151
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Strollo
- Laboratory Medicine Service, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Marina Pontillo
- Laboratory Medicine Service, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrea Motta
- Laboratory Medicine Service, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Locatelli
- Laboratory Medicine Service, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (M.L.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Tofari
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justin G. Kemp
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart J. Cormack
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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40
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Bok D, Jukić I. Muscle Damage During a Soccer World Cup Preparatory and Competition Period. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:496-502. [PMID: 31586433 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report creatine kinase ([CK]) responses during a soccer World Cup preparatory and first-leg period and to determine the influence of aerobic fitness on postmatch [CK] responses. METHODS Eleven national-team players were analyzed in this study. A lactate threshold test was performed during the first 3 d, whereas fingertip blood was drawn most mornings (21 out of 30 d) for [CK] measurements. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for determining the effect of time on [CK] measurements, whereas Pearson correlation coefficient was used for assessing associations between the changes in [CK] and velocities associated with blood lactate concentrations of 2 (v2) and 4 mmol·L-1 (v4). RESULTS Peak [CK] concentrations were consistently reached on the first day after the match with values of 474 (261), 520 (419), and 460 (126) U·L-1 but with no significant differences between them. [CK] concentrations returned to prematch values (331 [201] U·L-1) on the second day after the match. The change in [CK] concentration between prematch and postmatch day was largely correlated (r = .614, P = .044) with v2. CONCLUSIONS Top-level soccer players display low levels of muscle damage during official tournaments, and they recover before the next match. Postmatch muscle damage is greater in players with higher aerobic endurance because this fitness quality enables them to execute high-intensity activities known to be a major contributor to muscle damage.
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41
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Kotsis Y, Methenitis S, Mikellidi A, Aresti C, Persia E, Antonopoulou S, Nomikos T. Changes of rate of torque development in soccer players after a Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test: Effect of bovine colostrum supplementation. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-193173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Kotsis
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Theseus, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Methenitis
- Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
- Sports Excellence Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Mikellidi
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Cleopatra Aresti
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Persia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Tzatzakis T, Papanikolaou K, Draganidis D, Tsimeas P, Kritikos S, Poulios A, Laschou VC, Deli CK, Chatzinikolaou A, Batrakoulis A, Basdekis G, Mohr M, Krustrup P, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. Recovery Kinetics After Speed-Endurance Training in Male Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:395-408. [PMID: 31751937 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the recovery kinetics of performance, muscle damage, and neuromuscular fatigue following 2 speed-endurance production training (SEPT) protocols in soccer. METHODS Ten well-trained, male soccer athletes randomly completed 3 trials: work-to-rest ratio (SEPT) 1:5, SEPT/1:8, and a control trial. Training load during SEPT was monitored using global positioning system and heart-rate monitors. Performance (isokinetic strength of knee extensors and flexors, speed, and countermovement jump) and muscle damage (delayed-onset muscle soreness [DOMS] and creatine kinase) were evaluated at baseline and at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h posttraining. Maximal voluntary contraction (fatigue index) of knee extensors and flexors was additionally assessed at 1, 2, and 3 h posttraining. RESULTS Fatigue increased (P < .05) in SEPT/1:5 (∼4-30%) for 3 h and in SEPT/1:8 (∼8-17%) for 2 h. Strength performance declined (P < .05) in both SEPT trials (∼5-20%) for 48 h. Speed decreased (∼4-18%; P < .05) for 72 h in SEPT/1:5 and for 48 h in SEPT/1:8. Countermovement-jump performance decreased (∼7-12%; P < .05) in both SEPT trials for 24 h. DOMS increased (P < .05) in SEPT/1:5 (∼2-fold) for 72 and in SEPT/1:8 (∼1- to 2-fold) for 48 h. Creatine kinase increased (∼1- to 2-fold, P < .05) in both SEPT trials for 72 h. CONCLUSIONS SEPT induces short-term neuromuscular fatigue; provokes a prolonged deterioration of strength (48 h), speed (72 h), and jump performance (24 h); and is associated with a prolonged (72-h) rise of DOMS and creatine kinase. Time for recovery is reduced when longer work-to-rest ratios are applied. Fitness status may affect quality of SEPT and recovery kinetics.
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Bekris E, Gioldasis A, Gissis I, Katis A, Mitrousis I, Mylonis E. Effects of a Futsal Game on Metabolic, Hormonal, and Muscle Damage Indicators of Male Futsal Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:545-550. [PMID: 32032230 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bekris, E, Gioldasis, A, Gissis, I, Katis, A, Mitrousis, I, and Mylonis, E. Effects of a futsal game on metabolic, hormonal and muscle damage indicators of male futsal players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a futsal game on several metabolic, hormonal, and muscle damage indicators. Twenty-one male top-level futsal players participated in the study. Players were divided into 2 groups according to playing time: the long playing time (LPT) group and the short playing time (SPT) group. Game intensity parameters such as percentage of the HRmax and blood lactate concentration, as well as metabolic, hormonal, and muscle damage indicators were examined before and after a futsal game. The results showed that during the game, the intensity was up to 93% of HRmax and lactate concentrations ranged from 5.8 to 21.8 mmol·L. The LPT group showed an increased lactate dehydrogenase level compared with the SPT group (p < 0.05). Similarly, creatine kinase was significantly increased in the LPT group (p < 0.05) after the game. By contrast, nonsignificant differences were observed between groups for alanine transaminase (ALT-SGPT), aspartate transaminase (AST-SGOT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase enzymes (p > 0.05). The testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C) reduced for both groups after the game (p < 0.05). The results of this study indicated that a futsal game have a significantly effect on several hormonal, metabolic, and muscle damage indicators for players who participate for a longer playing time in the game. Therefore, the evaluation of these volumes could assist coaches to organize specific, effective, and individualized training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Bekris
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Gioldasis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Gissis
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Athanasios Katis
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mitrousis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Mylonis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Nutritional profile and oxidative stress in adolescent soccer players. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2020.4-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Can Milk Affect Recovery from Simulated Team-Sport Match Play? Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010112. [PMID: 31906239 PMCID: PMC7019310 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cow's milk on recovery from repeated simulated team games (STGs) in females. Twenty female team-sport athletes completed an STG circuit (2x ~ 30 min, with 10 min 'half-time'). Measures of muscle function, soreness and tiredness, symptoms of stress and serum markers of muscle damage and oxidative stress were determined pre- and 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h following the circuit. At 48 h, a second STG was completed. Sprint performance (5 m, 15 m), lap time, countermovement jump (CMJ), heart rate and RPE were recorded during each STG. Immediately following each STG, participants consumed either 500 mL of cow's milk (MILK) or 500 mL of an energy-matched carbohydrate (CHO) solution. Compared to CHO, MILK had a beneficial effect in attenuating losses in peak torque for knee extension (60°/s) (likely; effect size (ES) = 0.26 to 0.28) knee flexion (60°/s) (likely; ES = 0.45 to 0.61). A benefit for MILK was observed for 5 m sprint (possible-likely; ES = 0.40 to 0.58), 10 m sprint (likely; ES = 0.30 to 0.53) and symptoms of stress (likely-very likely, small). Mostly unclear outcomes for other variables were observed. For STG variables, trivial (HR, CMJ) and unclear (5 m sprint, 15 m sprint, lap-time, RPE) outcomes were recorded. In conclusion, the consumption of 500 mL of milk attenuated losses in muscle function and perceptions of stress following repeated simulated team-sports games. However, further investigation is warranted to determine whether MILK can influence subsequent team-sport performance.
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Acute effects of recreational soccer on inflammatory response and cardiac and skeletal muscle damage indicators. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2019-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that acute bouts of strenuous, long duration exercise induce significant increases in the inflammatory profile and cardiovascular risk markers. Although recreational soccer (RS) is a widespread activity, there are no data on this topic. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine RS-induced changes in inflammatory, cardiac, and skeletal muscle damage indicators in young and middle-aged males.
Methods: Twelve young and 11 middle-aged males participated in the study. The participants played 6v6 1 h RS, where heart rate (HR) responses and external loads (distance covered, number of accelerations/decelerations) were determined. Blood samples were taken immediately prior to and following the matches, and 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h later.
Results: Absolute HR responses and the number of accelerations and decelerations were higher in young participants than the middle-aged participants (p < 0.05). RS increased high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) in almost all participants. A total of 83.3% of the young participants exceeded the upper reference limit (URL), whereas none of the middle-aged participants exceeded the URL. Hs-cTnI levels returned to baseline after 24 and 48 h in the middle-aged and young participants, respectively. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and creatine kinase (CK) increased in the middle-aged participants (p < 0.05), and in the young participants, though not significantly (p > 0.05). RS also led to significant increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in both groups (p < 0.05). Hs-CRP, CK, and LDH values returned to baseline levels within 48 to 72 h, except for the LDH values of the young participants.
Conclusion: RS induced short-term increases in cardiac and skeletal muscle damage markers and the inflammatory profile in young and middle-aged RS participants.
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Bellafiore M, Bianco A, Battaglia G, Naccari MS, Caramazza G, Padulo J, Chamari K, Paoli A, Palma A. Training session intensity affects plasma redox status in amateur rhythmic gymnasts. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:561-566. [PMID: 31720068 PMCID: PMC6834982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine systemic responses of oxidant/antioxidant status following 2 training sessions of different intensity in amateur rhythmic gymnasts. METHODS Before the experimental training, 10 female gymnasts performed a gradually increased exercise test to assess maximal heart rate, maximal oxygen consumption, and anaerobic threshold. They executed 2 intermittent training sessions separated by 48 h of recovery (48 h-post R): the first was performed at low-moderate intensity (LMI) and the second at high intensity (HI). Blood samples were collected immediately pre- and post-training and 48 h-post R. Hydroperoxide level (OxL) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were photometrically measured. RESULTS OxL was significantly higher in post-training and 48 h-post R following HI than the same conditions after an LMI session (HI vs. LMI post-training: 381.10 ± 46.17 (mean ± SD) vs. 344.18 ± 27.94 Units Carratelli (U.CARR); 48 h-post R: 412.21 ± 26.61 vs. 373.80 ± 36.08 U.CARR). There was no change in TAC between the 2 training sessions investigated. In LMI training, OxL significantly decreased in post-training and increased to reach the baseline at 48 h-post R, whereas TAC increased only at 48 h-post R. In HI training, OxL significantly increased to reach a high oxidative stress 48 h-post R, whereas TAC was lower in post-training than pre-training. CONCLUSION The pattern of OxL and TAC levels implies different regulation mechanisms by HI and LMI training sessions. High oxidative stress induced by an HI protocol might be associated with both insufficient TAC and recovery time at 48 h necessary to restore redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo 90144, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo 90144, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo 90144, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia Naccari
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo 90144, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caramazza
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo 90144, Italy
| | - Johnny Padulo
- University “eCampus”, Novedrate 22060, Italy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha 29222, Qatar
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo 90144, Italy
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Brownstein CG, Ansdell P, Škarabot J, McHugh MP, Howatson G, Goodall S, Thomas K. The Effect of Phase Change Material on Recovery of Neuromuscular Function Following Competitive Soccer Match-Play. Front Physiol 2019; 10:647. [PMID: 31244667 PMCID: PMC6562676 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Cryotherapy is commonly implemented following soccer match-play in an attempt to accelerate the natural time-course of recovery, but the effect of this intervention on neuromuscular function is unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of donning lower-body garments fitted with cooled phase change material (PCM) on recovery of neuromuscular function following competitive soccer match-play. Methods: Using a randomized, crossover design, 11 male semi-professional soccer players wore PCM cooled to 15°C (PCMcold) or left at ambient temperature (PCMamb; sham control) for 3 h following soccer match-play. Pre-, and 24, 48, and 72 h post-match, participants completed a battery of neuromuscular, physical, and perceptual tests. Maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC) and twitch responses to electrical (femoral nerve) and magnetic (motor cortex) stimulation (TMS) during isometric knee-extension and at rest were measured to assess central nervous system (CNS) (voluntary activation, VA) and muscle contractile (quadriceps potentiated twitch force, Qtw,pot) function. Fatigue and perceptions of muscle soreness were assessed via visual analog scales, and physical function was assessed through measures of jump [countermovement jump (CMJ) height and reactive strength index (RSI)] performance. A belief questionnaire was completed pre- and post-intervention to determine the perceived effectiveness of each garment. Results: Competitive soccer match-play elicited persistent decrements in MVC, VA measured with femoral nerve stimulation, Qtw,pot, as well as reactive strength, fatigue and muscle soreness (P < 0.05). Both MVC and VA were higher at 48 h post-match after wearing PCMcold compared with PCMamb (P < 0.05). However, there was no effect of PCM on the magnitude or time-course of recovery for any other neuromuscular, physical function, or perceptual indices studied (P > 0.05). The belief questionnaire revealed that players perceived that both PCMcold and PCMamb were moderately effective in improving recovery, with no difference between the two interventions (P = 0.56). Conclusion: Although wearing cooled PCM garments improved MVC and VA 48 h following match-play, the lack of effect on measures of physical function or perceptual responses to match-play suggest that PCM offers a limited benefit to the recovery process. The lack of effect could have been due to the relatively small magnitude of change in most of the outcome measures studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum G Brownstein
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul Ansdell
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Škarabot
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Malachy P McHugh
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Stuart Goodall
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Wiig H, Raastad T, Luteberget LS, Ims I, Spencer M. External Load Variables Affect Recovery Markers up to 72 h After Semiprofessional Football Matches. Front Physiol 2019; 10:689. [PMID: 31231241 PMCID: PMC6559009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Player tracking devices are commonly used to monitor external load from training and matches in team sports. Yet, how the derived external load variables relate to fatigue and recovery post-training or post-match is scarcely researched. The objective was, therefore, to investigate how external load variables affect recovery markers up to 72 h post-match. Methods: Semiprofessional players from six teams wore tracking devices during three experimental football matches. External load variables including individual playing duration, total distance, PlayerLoad™, high-intensity running, and high-intensity events were derived from the tracking devices, and blood samples and performance tests from 24–59 players were undertaken post-match. The effect of the external load variables on creatine kinase, myoglobin, and countermovement jump at 1, 24, 48, and 72 h, and 30-m sprint and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery tests level 1 at 72 h post-match, were modeled. Effects were gauged as two standard deviations of the external load and interpreted as the difference between a typical high-load and a typical low-load match. The effects were evaluated with 90% confidence intervals and magnitude-based inferences. Results: High-intensity running had very likely substantial effects on creatine kinase and myoglobin (moderate factor increases of 1.5–2.0 and 1.3–1.6 respectively), while duration, total distance, and HIE showed small, likely substantial effects. PlayerLoad™ and total distance had likely substantial effects on 30-m sprint time (small increases of 2.1–2.6%). Effects on countermovement jump performance were generally non-substantial. Despite these relationships, the uncertainty was too large to predict the recovery of individual players from the external load variables. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that external load variables have an effect on recovery markers up to 72 h post-match. Hence, tracking external load in matches may be helpful for practitioners when managing training load and recovery strategies post-match. However, it is recommended that several different external load variables are monitored. Future research should continue to address the problem of predicting recovery from external load variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Wiig
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Live S Luteberget
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvar Ims
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matt Spencer
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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Park FS, Kay VL, Sprick JD, Rosenberg AJ, Anderson GK, Mallet RT, Rickards CA. Hemorrhage simulated by lower body negative pressure provokes an oxidative stress response in healthy young adults. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:272-278. [PMID: 30727766 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219828706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT We characterize the systemic oxidative stress response in young, healthy human subjects with exposure to simulated hemorrhage via application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Prior work has demonstrated that LBNP and actual blood loss evoke similar hemodynamic and immune responses (i.e. white blood cell count), but it is unknown whether LBNP elicits oxidative stress resembling that produced by blood loss. We show that LBNP induces a 29% increase in F2-isoprostanes, a systemic marker of oxidative stress. The findings of this investigation may have important implications for the study of hemorrhage using LBNP, including future assessments of targeted interventions that may reduce oxidative stress, such as novel fluid resuscitation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora S Park
- 1 Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort, TX 76107, USA
| | - Victoria L Kay
- 1 Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort, TX 76107, USA
| | - Justin D Sprick
- 1 Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort, TX 76107, USA.,2 Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alexander J Rosenberg
- 1 Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort, TX 76107, USA
| | - Garen K Anderson
- 1 Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- 1 Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort, TX 76107, USA
| | - Caroline A Rickards
- 1 Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort, TX 76107, USA
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