1
|
Monari PK, Hammond ER, Zhao X, Maksimoski AN, Petric R, Malone CL, Riters LV, Marler CA. Conditioned preferences: Gated by experience, context, and endocrine systems. Horm Behav 2024; 161:105529. [PMID: 38492501 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Central to the navigation of an ever-changing environment is the ability to form positive associations with places and conspecifics. The functions of location and social conditioned preferences are often studied independently, limiting our understanding of their interplay. Furthermore, a de-emphasis on natural functions of conditioned preferences has led to neurobiological interpretations separated from ecological context. By adopting a naturalistic and ethological perspective, we uncover complexities underlying the expression of conditioned preferences. Development of conditioned preferences is a combination of motivation, reward, associative learning, and context, including for social and spatial environments. Both social- and location-dependent reward-responsive behaviors and their conditioning rely on internal state-gating mechanisms that include neuroendocrine and hormone systems such as opioids, dopamine, testosterone, estradiol, and oxytocin. Such reinforced behavior emerges from mechanisms integrating past experience and current social and environmental conditions. Moreover, social context, environmental stimuli, and internal state gate and modulate motivation and learning via associative reward, shaping the conditioning process. We highlight research incorporating these concepts, focusing on the integration of social neuroendocrine mechanisms and behavioral conditioning. We explore three paradigms: 1) conditioned place preference, 2) conditioned social preference, and 3) social conditioned place preference. We highlight nonclassical species to emphasize the naturalistic applications of these conditioned preferences. To fully appreciate the complex integration of spatial and social information, future research must identify neural networks where endocrine systems exert influence on such behaviors. Such research promises to provide valuable insights into conditioned preferences within a broader naturalistic context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Monari
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Emma R Hammond
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alyse N Maksimoski
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Integrative Biology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Radmila Petric
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI, USA; Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Candice L Malone
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lauren V Riters
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Integrative Biology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Catherine A Marler
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Integrative Biology, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salinsky LM, Merritt CR, Zamora JC, Giacomini JL, Anastasio NC, Cunningham KA. μ-opioid receptor agonists and psychedelics: pharmacological opportunities and challenges. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1239159. [PMID: 37886127 PMCID: PMC10598667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1239159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid misuse and opioid-involved overdose deaths are a massive public health problem involving the intertwined misuse of prescription opioids for pain management with the emergence of extremely potent fentanyl derivatives, sold as standalone products or adulterants in counterfeit prescription opioids or heroin. The incidence of repeated opioid overdose events indicates a problematic use pattern consistent with the development of the medical condition of opioid use disorder (OUD). Prescription and illicit opioids reduce pain perception by activating µ-opioid receptors (MOR) localized to the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulation of meso-corticolimbic circuitry that subserves reward and adaptive behaviors is fundamentally involved in the progressive behavioral changes that promote and are consequent to OUD. Although opioid-induced analgesia and the rewarding effects of abused opioids are primarily mediated through MOR activation, serotonin (5-HT) is an important contributor to the pharmacology of opioid abused drugs (including heroin and prescription opioids) and OUD. There is a recent resurgence of interest into psychedelic compounds that act primarily through the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT 2A R) as a new frontier in combatting such diseases (e.g., depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders). Emerging data suggest that the MOR and 5-HT2AR crosstalk at the cellular level and within key nodes of OUD circuitry, highlighting a major opportunity for novel pharmacological intervention for OUD. There is an important gap in the preclinical profiling of psychedelic 5-HT2AR agonists in OUD models. Further, as these molecules carry risks, additional analyses of the profiles of non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2AR agonists and/or 5-HT2AR positive allosteric modulators may provide a new pathway for 5-HT2AR therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with utilizing 5-HT2AR agonists as therapeutics for OUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noelle C. Anastasio
- Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernández-González M, Barrera-Cobos FJ, Hernández-Arteaga E, González-Burgos I, Flores-Soto M, Guevara MA, Cortes PM. Sexual Experience Induces A Preponderance of Mushroom Spines in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens of Male Rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 447:114437. [PMID: 37059188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Sexual experience improves copulatory performance in male rats. Copulatory performance has been associated with dendritic spines density in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc), structures involved in the processing of sexual stimuli and the manifestation of sexual behavior. Dendritic spines modulate excitatory synaptic contacts, and their morphology is associated with the ability to learn from experience. This study was designed to determine the effect of sexual experience on the density of different types or shapes of dendritic spines in the mPFC and NAcc of male rats. A total of 16 male rats were used, half of them were sexually experienced while the other half were sexually inexperienced. After three sessions of sexual interaction to ejaculation, the sexually-experienced males presented shorter mount, intromission, and ejaculation latencies. Those rats presented a higher total dendritic density in the mPFC, and a higher numerical density of thin, mushroom, stubby, and wide spines. Sexual experience also increased the numerical density of mushroom spines in the NAcc. In both the mPFC and NAcc of the sexually experienced rats, there was a lower proportional density of thin spines and a higher proportional density of mushroom spines. Results show that the improvement in copulatory efficiency resulting from prior sexual experience in male rats is associated with changes in the proportional density of thin and mushroom dendritic spines in the mPFC and NAcc. This could represent the consolidation of afferent synaptic information in these brain regions, derived from the stimulus-sexual reward association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Hernández-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Barrera-Cobos
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mario Flores-Soto
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Guevara
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Manuel Cortes
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Corresponding author at: Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara. Francisco de Quevedo #180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, C.P 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Protective Effect of Social Reward on Opioid and Psychostimulant Reward and Relapse: Behavior, Pharmacology, and Brain Regions. J Neurosci 2022; 42:9298-9314. [PMID: 36517252 PMCID: PMC9794371 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0931-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, most modern neuroscience research on addiction using animal models did not incorporate manipulations of social factors. Social factors play a critical role in human addiction: social isolation and exclusion can promote drug use and relapse, while social connections and inclusion tend to be protective. Here, we discuss the state of the literature on social factors in animal models of opioid and psychostimulant preference, self-administration, and relapse. We first summarize results from rodent studies on behavioral, pharmacological, and circuit mechanisms of the protective effect of traditional experimenter-controlled social interaction procedures on opioid and psychostimulant conditioned place preference, self-administration, and relapse. Next, we summarize behavioral and brain-mechanism results from studies using newer operant social-interaction procedures that inhibit opioid and psychostimulant self-administration and relapse. We conclude by discussing how the reviewed studies point to future directions for the addiction field and other neuroscience and psychiatric fields, and their implications for mechanistic understanding of addiction and development of new treatments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this review, we propose that incorporating social factors into modern neuroscience research on addiction could improve mechanistic accounts of addiction and help close gaps in translating discovery to treatment. We first summarize rodent studies on behavioral, pharmacological, and circuit mechanisms of the protective effect of both traditional experimenter-controlled and newer operant social-interaction procedures. We then discuss potential future directions and clinical implications.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mating experiences with the same partner enhanced mating activities of naïve male medaka fish. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19665. [PMID: 36385126 PMCID: PMC9668913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mating experience shapes male mating behavior across species, from insects, fish, and birds, to rodents. Here, we investigated the effect of multiple mating experiences on male mating behavior in "naïve" (defined as sexually inexperienced) male medaka fish. The latency to mate with the same female partner significantly decreased after the second encounter, whereas when the partner was changed, the latency to mate was not decreased. These findings suggest that mating experiences enhanced the mating activity of naïve males for the familiar female, but not for an unfamiliar female. In contrast, the mating experiences of "experienced" (defined as those having mated > 7 times) males with the same partner did not influence their latency to mate. Furthermore, we identified 10 highly and differentially expressed genes in the brains of the naïve males after the mating experience and revealed 3 genes that are required for a functional cascade of the thyroid hormone system. Together, these findings suggest that the mating experience of naïve male medaka fish influences their mating behaviors, with neural changes triggered by thyroid hormone activation in the brain.
Collapse
|
6
|
Genetic Addiction Risk Severity Assessment Identifies Polymorphic Reward Genes as Antecedents to Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Hypodopaminergia's Effect on Addictive and Non-Addictive Behaviors in a Nuclear Family. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111864. [PMID: 36579592 PMCID: PMC9694640 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This case series presents the novel genetic addiction risk score (GARS), which shows a high prevalence of polymorphic risk alleles of reward genes in a nuclear family with multiple reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) behavioral issues expressing a hypodopaminergic antecedent. The family consists of a mother, father, son, and daughter. The mother experienced issues with focus, memory, anger, and amotivational syndrome. The father experienced weight issues and depression. The son experienced heavy drinking, along with some drug abuse and anxiety. The daughter experienced depression, lethargy, brain fog, focus issues, and anxiety, among others. A major clinical outcome of the results presented to the family members helped reduce personal guilt and augment potential hope for future healing. Our laboratory's prior research established that carriers of four or more alleles measured by GARS (DRD1-DRD4, DAT1, MOR, GABABR3, COMT, MAOAA, and 5HTLPR) are predictive of the addiction severity index (ASI) for drug abuse, and carriers of seven or more alleles are predictive of severe alcoholism. This generational case series shows the impact that genetic information has on reducing stigma and guilt in a nuclear family struggling with RDS behaviors. The futuristic plan is to introduce an appropriate DNA-guided "pro-dopamine regulator" into the recovery and enhancement of life.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jamali S, Aliyari Shoorehdeli M, Daliri MR, Haghparast A. Differential Aspects of Natural and Morphine Reward-related Behaviors in Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:731-744. [PMID: 37313024 PMCID: PMC10258599 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3071.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural rewards are essential for survival. However, drug-seeking behaviors can be maladaptive and endanger survival. The present study was conducted to enhance our understanding of how animals respond to food and morphine as natural and drug rewards, respectively, in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Methods We designed a protocol to induce food CPP and compare it as a natural reward with morphine CPP in rats. The protocol for reward induction in both groups (foods and morphine) consisted of three phases: pre-test, conditioning, and post-test. In morphine groups, we injected morphine as a reward (5 mg/kg, SC). To induce natural reward, we used two different protocols. In the first one, the rats were deprived of food for 24 h. In the other method, the rats were restricted to food for 14 days. During the conditioning period, the animals received daily chow, biscuits, or popcorn as a reward inducer. Results Results revealed that CPP was not induced in food-deprived rats. A combination of food restriction (as a facilitator) and a biscuit or popcorn-induced reward using CPP. In contrast, food deprivation did not facilitate food CPP in response to regular food. Interestingly the CPP score of the group which received biscuits during a 7-day conditioning period was more than that of the morphine group. Conclusion In conclusion, food restriction could be a better protocol than food deprivation to facilitate food reward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shole Jamali
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Aliyari Shoorehdeli
- Department of Mechatronics, School of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reeves KC, Shah N, Muñoz B, Atwood BK. Opioid Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Neurotransmission in the Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:919773. [PMID: 35782382 PMCID: PMC9242007 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.919773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids mediate their effects via opioid receptors: mu, delta, and kappa. At the neuronal level, opioid receptors are generally inhibitory, presynaptically reducing neurotransmitter release and postsynaptically hyperpolarizing neurons. However, opioid receptor-mediated regulation of neuronal function and synaptic transmission is not uniform in expression pattern and mechanism across the brain. The localization of receptors within specific cell types and neurocircuits determine the effects that endogenous and exogenous opioids have on brain function. In this review we will explore the similarities and differences in opioid receptor-mediated regulation of neurotransmission across different brain regions. We discuss how future studies can consider potential cell-type, regional, and neural pathway-specific effects of opioid receptors in order to better understand how opioid receptors modulate brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C. Reeves
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nikhil Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Braulio Muñoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brady K. Atwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nikbakhtzadeh M, Raeis-Abdollahi E, Riahi E, Arezoomandan R. The interaction between sexual reward/ deprivation and the acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of morphine-seeking behavior. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113579. [PMID: 34508768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Natural rewards and abused drugs affect the function of the common brain's reward system. Interaction between social and drug rewards can change the vulnerability to development of drug addiction. Here, we investigate the effects of sexual experience and sex deprivation on the acquisition, maintenance, and drug prime-induced reinstatement of morphine-seeking behavior in male mice using conditioned place preference (CPP). CPP induced with morphine (3, 5, 7 mg/kg, s.c. for 3 days) lasted for 10 days after cessation of morphine treatment and priming dose of morphine (2 mg/kg, s.c.) reinstated the extinguished CPP. In the post-test phase, sexually experienced animals showed a lower preference for morphine compared to sex-deprived males. In the extinction phase, sex deprivation shortened maintenance time compared to control animals. The preference for morphine in sexually experienced animals did not diminish by the seventeenth extinction day. In both groups, the priming injection of morphine after the extinction period could reinstate the extinguished morphine-induced CPP. Together, these data showed the interaction between sex and drug reward and that sexual behavior -a natural rewarding stimulus- can prolong, whereas sex deprivation can block the maintenance of morphine-seeking behaviors. Sexual experience may induce functional and morphological alterations in brain reward areas particularly the mesolimbic system similar to repeated exposure to abused drugs which can affect morphine-seeking behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Raeis-Abdollahi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Qom Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Esmail Riahi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Arezoomandan
- Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Sattarkhan, Niayesh St, Shahid Mansuri Ave, Tehran P.O. Box: 14565-441, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Addiction and the cerebellum with a focus on actions of opioid receptors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:229-247. [PMID: 34555385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the cerebellum could play a role in the higher cognitive processes involved in addiction as the cerebellum contains anatomical and functional pathways to circuitry controlling motivation and saliency. In addition, the cerebellum exhibits a widespread presence of receptors, including opioid receptors which are known to play a prominent role in synaptic and circuit mechanisms of plasticity associated with drug use and development of addiction to opioids and other drugs of abuse. Further, the presence of perineural nets (PNNs) in the cerebellum which contain proteins known to alter synaptic plasticity could contribute to addiction. The role the cerebellum plays in processes of addiction is likely complex, and could depend on the particular drug of abuse, the pattern of use, and the stage of the user within the addiction cycle. In this review, we discuss functional and structural modifications shown to be produced in the cerebellum by opioids that exhibit dependency-inducing properties which provide support for the conclusion that the cerebellum plays a role in addiction.
Collapse
|
11
|
Doyle MA, Mazei-Robison MS. Opioid-Induced Molecular and Cellular Plasticity of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a039362. [PMID: 31964652 PMCID: PMC7371531 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Opioid drugs are highly valued as potent analgesics; however, there are significant risks associated with long-term use because of their abuse liability. Opioids cause changes in ventral tegmental area (VTA) gene expression and cell activity that have been linked to addiction-related behaviors in rodent models. Here, we focus on VTA dopamine (DA) neurons and review the cellular, structural, and synaptic plasticity changes induced by acute and chronic opioid exposure. We also discuss many avenues for future research including determination of whether opioid neuroadaptations are specific for subpopulations of VTA DA neurons. A better understanding of the molecular adaptations within the cells and circuits that drive opioid abuse is crucial for the development of better treatments for substance use disorders and to create novel, safer pain-relieving therapeutics.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fried L, Modestino EJ, Siwicki D, Lott L, Thanos PK, Baron D, Badgaiyan RD, Ponce JV, Giordano J, Downs WB, Gondré-Lewis MC, Bruce S, Braverman ER, Boyett B, Blum K. Hypodopaminergia and "Precision Behavioral Management" (PBM): It is a Generational Family Affair. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:528-541. [PMID: 31820688 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191210112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This case series presents the novel Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS®) coupled with a customized pro-dopamine regulator matched to polymorphic reward genes having a hypodopaminergic risk. METHODS The proband is a female with a history of drug abuse and alcoholism. She experienced a car accident under the influence and voluntarily entered treatment. Following an assessment, she was genotyped using the GARS, and started a neuronutrient with a KB220 base indicated by the identified polymorphisms. She began taking it in April 2018 and continues. RESULTS She had success in recovery from Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and improvement in socialization, family, economic status, well-being, and attenuation of Major Depression. She tested negative over the first two months in treatment and a recent screening. After approximately two months, her parents also decided to take the GARS and started taking the recommended variants. The proband's father (a binge drinker) and mother (no SUD) both showed improvement in various behavioral issues. Finally, the proband's biological children were also GARS tested, showing a high risk for SUD. CONCLUSION This three-generation case series represents an example of the impact of genetic information coupled with an appropriate DNA guided "Pro-Dopamine Regulator" in recovery and enhancement of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyle Fried
- Department of Precision Addiction Management, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, United States.,Transformations Treatment Center, Delray Beach, FL, United States
| | - Edward J Modestino
- Department of Precision Addiction Management, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, United States
| | - David Siwicki
- Department of Precision Addiction Management, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Lisa Lott
- Department of Precision Addiction Management, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Department of Precision Addiction Management, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, United States.,Behavioral Neuropharmacology & Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addiction, Research Institute on Addictions, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - David Baron
- Department of Precision Addiction Management, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Precision Addiction Management, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jessica V Ponce
- Department of Precision Addiction Management, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - James Giordano
- John Giordano, Life Enhancement Recovery Center, Hollywood, FL, United States
| | - William B Downs
- Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA, United States
| | - Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis
- Department of Anatomy, Developmental Neuro-Psycho-Pharmacology Laboratory, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Steinberg Bruce
- Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, United States
| | - Eric R Braverman
- Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brent Boyett
- Division of Neuroscience & Addiction Research, Pathway Healthcare, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Precision Addiction Management, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,John Giordano, Life Enhancement Recovery Center, Hollywood, FL, United States.,Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA, United States.,Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Neuroscience & Addiction Research, Pathway Healthcare, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Division of Addiction Services, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VM, United States.,Eotvos Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton VA, Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ventura-Aquino E, Paredes RG. Sexual behavior in rodents: Where do we go from here? Horm Behav 2020; 118:104678. [PMID: 31927024 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hormones and Behavior was first published 50 years ago including some articles related to the hormonal regulation of sexual behavior in different species. Since then, this research field has produced outstanding discoveries that have contributed to our understanding of the control of sexual behavior. The refinement of classical techniques and the development of new experimental tools has opened the door to a new era of research that will allow us to understand different aspects of sexual behavior. It would also expand the possible extrapolation from animal models to understand human sexuality and its dysfunctions. In this review, we summarize some of the most recent findings about sexual behavior in both sexes including the refinement of classical methods of study with new approaches and questions as well as the development of new methods trying to explain mechanisms of action on motivational and consummatory elements of mating behavior. We also reviewed other aspects that modulate sexual behavior such as attractivity, olfactory signals and learning which model mate selection. Additionally, we described studies demonstrating that sexual behavior induces permanent brain modifications in neuronal circuits. Finally, we briefly describe recent contributions on animal models of human sexuality dysfunctions which, although with their own limitations, are under continuous refining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ventura-Aquino
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla UNAM. Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Raúl G Paredes
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla UNAM. Querétaro, Qro, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ménard S, Gelez H, Girard-Bériault F, Coria-Avila G, Pfaus JG. Differential role of oxytocin and vasopressin in the conditioned ejaculatory preference of the male rat. Physiol Behav 2019; 208:112577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
15
|
Francke P, Tiedemann LJ, Menz MM, Beck J, Büchel C, Brassen S. Mesolimbic white matter connectivity mediates the preference for sweet food. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4349. [PMID: 30867529 PMCID: PMC6416305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic brain structures like the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are thought to encode the incentive salience of palatable foods motivating appetitive behaviour. Animal studies have identified neural networks mediating the regulation of hedonic feeding that comprise connections of the NAc with the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Here, we investigated how structural connectivity of these pathways relates to individual variability in decisions on sweet food consumption in humans. We therefore combined probabilistic tractography on diffusion imaging data from 45 overnight fasted lean to overweight participants with real decisions about high and low sugar food consumption. Across all individuals, sugar preference and connectivity strength were not directly related, however, multiple regression analysis revealed interaction of mesolimbic structure and sugar preference to depend on individuals’ BMI score. In overweight individuals (BMI: ≥25 kg/m², N = 22) higher sugar preference was thereby specifically related to stronger connectivity within the VTA-NAc pathway while the opposite pattern emerged in participants with normal BMI (BMI: <25 kg/m², N = 23). Our structural results complement previous functional findings on the critical role of the human mesolimbic system for regulating hedonic eating in overweight individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Francke
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena J Tiedemann
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mareike M Menz
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Beck
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brassen
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simmons SC, Wheeler K, Mazei-Robison MS. Determination of circuit-specific morphological adaptations in ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons by chronic morphine. Mol Brain 2019; 12:10. [PMID: 30736837 PMCID: PMC6368752 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic opiate exposure induces neuroadaptations in the mesocorticolimbic system including ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons, whose soma size is decreased following opiate exposure. Yet it is now well documented that VTA DA neurons are heterogeneous, with notable differences between VTA DA neurons based on their projection target. Therefore, we sought to determine whether chronic morphine induced similar changes in the morphology of VTA DA neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We utilized Cre-dependent retrograde viral vectors in DA Cre driver lines to label VTA DA neurons that projected to NAc and PFC and assessed neuronal soma size. Consistent with previous data, the soma size of VTA DA neurons that projected to the NAc medial shell was decreased following morphine exposure. However, soma size of VTA DA neurons that projected to the NAc core was unaltered by morphine. Interestingly, morphology of PFC-projecting VTA DA neurons was also altered by morphine, but in this case soma size was increased compared to sham controls. Differences in basal soma size were also noted, suggesting stable differences in projection-specific morphology in addition to drug-induced changes. Together, these data suggest morphine-induced changes in VTA DA morphology occur within distinct VTA DA populations and that study of opiate-induced structural plasticity of individual VTA DA subcircuits may be critical for understanding addiction-related behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Simmons
- Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS 3182, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Katie Wheeler
- Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS 3182, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Michelle S Mazei-Robison
- Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS 3182, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahmadi Soleimani SM, Mohamadi M.A.H MH, Raoufy MR, Azizi H, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. Acute morphine administration alters the power of local field potentials in mesolimbic pathway of freely moving rats: Involvement of dopamine receptors. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:168-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Alcohol use disorder and associated physical health complications and treatment amongst individuals with and without opioid dependence: A case-control study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 188:304-310. [PMID: 29807218 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dependence upon one substance may increase vulnerability for dependence on other substances. This study aimed to i) examine the association between opioid dependence and alcohol use and dependence; and ii) identify demographic, mental health, substance use, and alcohol-related withdrawal, physical health complications, and treatment correlates of comorbid alcohol and opioid dependence versus the former only. METHODS In this case-control study, 1475 participants with opioid dependence recruited from opioid substitution therapy (OST) clinics and 516 non-opioid dependent matched participants completed a structured interview covering psychiatric history, substance dependence, child maltreatment, and history of alcohol use. Analyses were mainly concentrated on cases (n = 696) and controls (n = 194) reporting lifetime alcohol dependence. RESULTS Cases with opioid dependence had higher rates of lifetime alcohol dependence than controls. Binary logistic regression analyses showed comorbid cases reported greater socio-economic disadvantage, poorer psychiatric history, greater incidence of dependence on other substances, earlier onset of regular drinking and alcohol dependence, and greater severity of alcohol dependence (relative to controls with alcohol dependence only). Comorbid cases were also more likely to report endorsement of certain DSM-IV criteria (i.e., legal problems due to alcohol and desire/inability to cut down use), specific withdrawal symptoms (e.g., tachycardia, hallucinations), using other substances to relieve withdrawal symptoms, and experiencing liver disease/jaundice. Rates of lifetime treatment engagement were low overall. CONCLUSIONS Though strongly associated with alcohol dependence and alcohol-related harms, people with a history of opioid dependence have complex social and clinical backgrounds, which appear to be important factors associated with higher levels of alcohol dependence.
Collapse
|
20
|
Garduño-Gutiérrez R, León-Olea M, Rodríguez-Manzo G. Opioid receptor and β-arrestin2 densities and distribution change after sexual experience in the ventral tegmental area of male rats. Physiol Behav 2018; 189:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
21
|
Brolin E, Zelleroth S, Jonsson A, Hallberg M, Grönbladh A, Nyberg F. Chronic administration of morphine using mini-osmotic pumps affects spatial memory in the male rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 167:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Beloate LN, Coolen LM. Effects of Sexual Experience on Psychostimulant- and Opiate-Induced Behavior and Neural Plasticity in the Mesocorticolimbic Pathway. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 140:249-270. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
23
|
Beloate LN, Coolen LM. Influences of social reward experience on behavioral responses to drugs of abuse: Review of shared and divergent neural plasticity mechanisms for sexual reward and drugs of abuse. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:356-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
24
|
Zhang X, Chen S, Chen H, Pan H, Zhao Y. Inhibition of β-ARK1 Ameliorates Morphine-induced Tolerance and Hyperalgesia Via Modulating the Activity of Spinal NMDA Receptors. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5393-5407. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
25
|
Spool JA, Riters LV. Associations Between Environmental Resources and the "Wanting" and "Liking" of Male Song in Female Songbirds. Integr Comp Biol 2017; 57:835-845. [PMID: 28985327 PMCID: PMC5886317 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive success requires animals to adjust social and sexual behaviors in response to changes in environmental resources. In many species, males produce courtship signals to attract females; however, not all females are attracted by these signals. One possible explanation for this is that environmental resources alter neural mechanisms underlying motivation and reward in females so that male courtship is attractive when conditions are most favorable for an individual to breed. Here, we first introduce resource-dependent breeding behaviors of female songbirds. We then review studies that show associations between neural systems underlying motivation and reward, female responses to male courtship stimuli, and environmental resources necessary for breeding success (e.g., in female starlings, a nest cavity). Overall, we review evidence supporting the working hypotheses that (1) dopamine underlies sexually-motivated female responses to male courtship stimuli (i.e., song), (2) opioids underlie reward induced in females by hearing male courtship song, and (3) these systems are possibly modified by resources such that male courtship song is only attractive and rewarding to females with access to limited environmental resources essential for breeding success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Spool
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lauren V. Riters
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kuiper LB, Frohmader KS, Coolen LM. Maladaptive Sexual Behavior Following Concurrent Methamphetamine and Sexual Experience in Male Rats is Associated with Altered Neural Activity in Frontal Cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2011-2020. [PMID: 28051103 PMCID: PMC5561340 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of psychostimulants is often associated with hypersexuality, and psychostimulant users have identified the effects of drug on sexual behavior as a reason for further use. It was previously demonstrated in male rats that methamphetamine (Meth), when administered concurrently with sexual behavior results in impairment of inhibition of sexual behavior in a conditioned sex aversion (CSA) paradigm where mating is paired with illness. This is indicative of maladaptive sex behavior following Meth and sex experience. The present study examined the neural pathways activated during inhibition of sexual behavior in male rats and the effects of concurrent Meth and sexual behavior on neural activity, using ERK phosphorylation (pERK). First, exposure to conditioned aversive stimuli in males trained to inhibit sexual behavior in the CSA paradigm increased pERK expression in medial prefrontal (mPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and areas in striatum and amygdala. Second, effects of concurrent Meth and sex experience were tested in males that were exposed to four daily sessions of concurrent Meth (1 mg/kg) or saline and mating and subsequently exposed to CSA one week after last treatment. Meth and mating-treated males showed significant impairment of inhibition of mating, higher pERK expression under baseline conditions, and disrupted pERK induction by exposure to the conditioned aversive stimuli in mPFC and OFC. These alterations of pERK occurred in CaMKII-expressing neurons, suggesting changes in efferent projections of these areas. Altogether, these data show that concurrent Meth and mating experience causes maladapative sexual behavior that is associated with alterations in neural activation in mPFC and OFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Kuiper
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Karla S Frohmader
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lique M Coolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500N State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA, Tel: +601 815 8761, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sanna F, Bratzu J, Piludu MA, Corda MG, Melis MR, Giorgi O, Argiolas A. Dopamine, Noradrenaline and Differences in Sexual Behavior between Roman High and Low Avoidance Male Rats: A Microdialysis Study in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28638325 PMCID: PMC5461293 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Roman High- (RHA) and Low-Avoidance (RLA) outbred rats, which differ for a respectively rapid vs. poor acquisition of the active avoidance response in the shuttle-box, display differences in sexual activity when put in the presence of a sexually receptive female rat. Indeed RHA rats show higher levels of sexual motivation and copulatory performance than RLA rats, which persist also after repeated sexual activity. These differences have been correlated to a higher tone of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system of RHA rats vs. RLA rats, revealed by the higher increase of dopamine found in the dialysate obtained from the nucleus accumbens of RHA than RLA rats during sexual activity. This work shows that extracellular dopamine and noradrenaline (NA) also, increase in the dialysate from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male RHA and RLA rats put in the presence of an inaccessible female rat and more markedly during direct sexual interaction. Such increases in dopamine (and its main metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, DOPAC) and NA were found in both sexually naïve and experienced animals, but they were higher: (i) in RHA than in RLA rats; and (ii) in sexually experienced RHA and RLA rats than in their naïve counterparts. Finally, the differences in dopamine and NA in the mPFC occurred concomitantly to those in sexual activity, as RHA rats displayed higher levels of sexual motivation and copulatory performance than RLA rats in both the sexually naïve and experienced conditions. These results suggest that a higher dopaminergic tone also occurs in the mPFC, together with an increased noradrenergic tone, which may be involved in the different copulatory patterns found in RHA and RLA rats, as suggested for the mesolimbic dopaminergic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Jessica Bratzu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Maria A Piludu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Maria R Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Argiolas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Cagliari SectionCittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fang Q, Wang J. Place preferences associated with pups or cocaine change the expression of D2R, V1aR and OTR in the NAcc and MeA and the levels of plasma AVP, OT, T and E2 in mandarin vole fathers. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 80:147-154. [PMID: 28371737 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Drug abuse often has negative impacts on parenting behavior. The dopamine (DA), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) systems are involved in paternal behavior and drug-induced behaviors. Mandarin voles (Microtus mandarinus) are socially monogamous rodents with high levels of paternal behavior. The aims of this study were to examine the protein expression levels of the DA 2-type receptor (D2R), AVP receptor 1A(V1aR) and OT receptor (OTR) in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and medial amygdala (MeA) as well as the plasma hormone responses after mandarin vole fathers were conditioned with their pups or cocaine. Our experimental models are based on the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. We observed CPP in response to either pup- or cocaine-associated cues in the mandarin vole fathers. Fathers that were conditioned to either pups or cocaine had a lower expression of D2R and V1aR in the NAcc than did controls. Fathers that were conditioned to pups had higher levels of OTR expression in the MeA and higher plasma levels of AVP, OT, estradiol (E2), and lower plasma levels of testosterone (T) than did controls. Fathers that were conditioned to cocaine exhibited lower levels of plasma AVP and T. These results indicate that the reward effects of pup and cocaine are both mediated by D2R, V1aR and OTR in the NAcc and MeA and that there are subtle differences between the pup and cocaine reward mechanisms that are associated with altered plasma AVP, OT, T and E2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Fang
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Febo M, Blum K, Badgaiyan RD, Perez PD, Colon-Perez LM, Thanos PK, Ferris CF, Kulkarni P, Giordano J, Baron D, Gold MS. Enhanced functional connectivity and volume between cognitive and reward centers of naïve rodent brain produced by pro-dopaminergic agent KB220Z. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174774. [PMID: 28445527 PMCID: PMC5405923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic reward dysfunction in addictive behaviors is well supported in the literature. There is evidence that alterations in synchronous neural activity between brain regions subserving reward and various cognitive functions may significantly contribute to substance-related disorders. This study presents the first evidence showing that a pro-dopaminergic nutraceutical (KB220Z) significantly enhances, above placebo, functional connectivity between reward and cognitive brain areas in the rat. These include the nucleus accumbens, anterior cingulate gyrus, anterior thalamic nuclei, hippocampus, prelimbic and infralimbic loci. Significant functional connectivity, increased brain connectivity volume recruitment (potentially neuroplasticity), and dopaminergic functionality were found across the brain reward circuitry. Increases in functional connectivity were specific to these regions and were not broadly distributed across the brain. While these initial findings have been observed in drug naïve rodents, this robust, yet selective response implies clinical relevance for addicted individuals at risk for relapse, who show reductions in functional connectivity after protracted withdrawal. Future studies will evaluate KB220Z in animal models of addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Holistic Medicine, National Institute for Holistic Addiction Studies, North Miami Beach, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Pablo D. Perez
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Luis M. Colon-Perez
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Craig F. Ferris
- Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Department of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Department of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John Giordano
- Department of Holistic Medicine, National Institute for Holistic Addiction Studies, North Miami Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Baron
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Beloate LN, Omrani A, Adan RA, Webb IC, Coolen LM. Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Cell Activation during Male Rat Sexual Behavior Regulates Neuroplasticity and d-Amphetamine Cross-Sensitization following Sex Abstinence. J Neurosci 2016; 36:9949-61. [PMID: 27656032 PMCID: PMC6705564 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0937-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Experience with sexual behavior causes cross-sensitization of amphetamine reward, an effect dependent on a period of sexual reward abstinence. We previously showed that ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key mediator of this cross-sensitization, potentially via dopamine receptor activation. However, the role of mesolimbic dopamine for sexual behavior or cross-sensitization between natural and drug reward is unknown. This was tested using inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine cells. rAAV5/hSvn-DIO-hm4D-mCherry was injected into the VTA of TH::Cre adult male rats. Males received clozapine N-oxide (CNO) or vehicle injections before each of 5 consecutive days of mating or handling. Following an abstinence period of 7 d, males were tested for amphetamine conditioned place preference (CPP). Next, males were injected with CNO or vehicle before mating or handling for analysis of mating-induced cFos, sex experience-induced ΔFosB, and reduction of VTA dopamine soma size. Results showed that CNO did not affect mating behavior. Instead, CNO prevented sexual experience-induced cross-sensitization of amphetamine CPP, ΔFosB in the NAc and medial prefrontal cortex, and decreases in VTA dopamine soma size. Expression of hm4D-mCherry was specific to VTA dopamine cells and CNO blocked excitation and mating-induced cFos expression in VTA dopamine cells. These findings provide direct evidence that VTA dopamine activation is not required for initiation or performance of sexual behavior. Instead, VTA dopamine directly contributes to increased vulnerability for drug use following loss of natural reward by causing neuroplasticity in the mesolimbic pathway during the natural reward experience. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Drugs of abuse act on the neural pathways that mediate natural reward learning and memory. Exposure to natural reward behaviors can alter subsequent drug-related reward. Specifically, experience with sexual behavior, followed by a period of abstinence from sexual behavior, causes increased reward for amphetamine in male rats. This study demonstrates that activation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons during sexual experience regulates cross-sensitization of amphetamine reward. Finally, ventral tegmental area dopamine cell activation is essential for experience-induced neural adaptations in the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and ventral tegmental area. These findings demonstrate a role of mesolimbic dopamine in the interaction between natural and drug rewards, and identify mesolimbic dopamine as a key mediator of changes in vulnerability for drug use after loss of natural reward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Beloate
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, and
| | - Azar Omrani
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger A Adan
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ian C Webb
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences
| | - Lique M Coolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, and
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu C, Wang J, Zhan B, Cheng G. Neuronal activity and the expression of hypothalamic oxytocin and vasopressin in social versus cocaine conditioning. Behav Brain Res 2016; 310:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
32
|
mGluR5 activation in the nucleus accumbens is not essential for sexual behavior or cross-sensitization of amphetamine responses by sexual experience. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
33
|
Nucleus accumbens NMDA receptor activation regulates amphetamine cross-sensitization and deltaFosB expression following sexual experience in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2016; 101:154-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
34
|
Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
The effect of different durations of morphine exposure on mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in morphine dependent rats. Neurotoxicology 2015; 51:51-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
36
|
Blum K, Thanos PK, Oscar-Berman M, Febo M, Baron D, Badgaiyan RD, Gardner E, Demetrovics Z, Fahlke C, Haberstick BC, Dushaj K, Gold MS. Dopamine in the Brain: Hypothesizing Surfeit or Deficit Links to Reward and Addiction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:95-104. [PMID: 27398406 PMCID: PMC4936401 DOI: 10.17756/jrds.2015-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently there has been debate concerning the role of brain dopamine in reward and addiction. David Nutt and associates eloquently proposed that dopamine (DA) may be central to psycho stimulant dependence and some what important for alcohol, but not important for opiates, nicotine or even cannabis. Others have also argued that surfeit theories can explain for example cocaine seeking behavior as well as non-substance-related addictive behaviors. It seems prudent to distinguish between what constitutes “surfeit” compared to” deficit” in terms of short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) brain reward circuitry responsivity. In an attempt to resolve controversy regarding the contributions of mesolimbic DA systems to reward, we review the three main competing explanatory categories: “liking”, “learning”, and “wanting”. They are (a) the hedonic impact -liking reward, (b) the ability to predict rewarding effects-learning and (c) the incentive salience of reward-related stimuli -wanting. In terms of acute effects, most of the evidence seems to favor the “surfeit theory”. Due to preferential dopamine release at mesolimbic-VTA-caudate-accumbens loci most drugs of abuse and Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) behaviors have been linked to heightened feelings of well-being and hyperdopaminergic states.The “dopamine hypotheses” originally thought to be simple, is now believed to be quite complex and involves encoding the set point of hedonic tone, encoding attention, reward expectancy, and incentive motivation. Importantly, Willuhn et al. shows that in a self-administration paradigm, (chronic) excessive use of cocaine is caused by decreased phasic dopamine signaling in the striatum. In terms of chronic addictions, others have shown a blunted responsivity at brain reward sites with food, nicotine, and even gambling behavior. Finally, we are cognizant of the differences in dopaminergic function as addiction progresses and argue that relapse may be tied to dopamine deficiency. Vulnerability to addiction and relapse may be the result of the cumulative effects of dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter genetic variants and elevated stress levels. We therefore propose that dopamine homeostasis may be a preferred goal to combat relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Division of Nutrigenomics, La Vita RDS, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peter K Thanos
- Research Institute on Addictions, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Baron
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eliot Gardner
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Eotvos Lorand University, Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Izabella utca 46., H-1064, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Claudia Fahlke
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brett C Haberstick
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kristina Dushaj
- Department of Neurological Research, Path Foundation NY, USA
| | - Mark S Gold
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hamed A, Szyndler J, Taracha E, Turzyńska D, Sobolewska A, Lehner M, Krząścik P, Daszczuk P. κ-opioid receptor as a key mediator in the regulation of appetitive 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:1941-55. [PMID: 25466704 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute administration of high doses of morphine reduced 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). Although morphine meets the classical criteria for inducing 50-kHz USVs (it causes place preference and induces dopamine release in nucleus accumbens), it also inhibits appetitive vocalizations. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to (i) study the pharmacological impact of κ-opioid (KOR) and μ-opioid receptor (MOR) ligands on the emission of 50-kHz USVs triggered by social interaction after long-term isolation and (ii) analyze the concentrations of the main neurotransmitters in reward-related structures (ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)). METHODS In an attempt to define the effects of opioid-receptor activation on the reward system, we used a social interaction test (after 21 days isolation). HPLC analysis was used to determine the monoamine and amino acid concentrations in reward-related structures. RESULTS U-50488 (10.0 mg/kg), morphine (5.0 and 1.0 mg/kg), and naltrexone (5.0 mg/kg) decreased, and nor-BNI (10.0 mg/kg) increased 50-kHz USVs. Acute pretreatment with nor-BNI or naltrexone reduced the 50-kHz suppression induced via morphine. The biochemical data showed several variations between groups regarding dopamine concentrations, serotonin, and their metabolites; these data may suggest that the levels of emitted ultrasound in the 50-kHz band are inversely proportional to the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) ratio in the VTA. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate an important role for KOR in the regulation of 50-kHz USV emissions and suggest that KOR activation may be a key mediator in the regulation of reward responses. Changes in the balance between serotonin and dopamine concentrations in the VTA may be a key predictor for 50-kHz USV emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hamed
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, Warsaw, 02-957, Poland,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Aransay A, Rodríguez-López C, García-Amado M, Clascá F, Prensa L. Long-range projection neurons of the mouse ventral tegmental area: a single-cell axon tracing analysis. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:59. [PMID: 26042000 PMCID: PMC4436899 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathways arising from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) release dopamine and other neurotransmitters during the expectation and achievement of reward, and are regarded as central links of the brain networks that create drive, pleasure, and addiction. While the global pattern of VTA projections is well-known, the actual axonal wiring of individual VTA neurons had never been investigated. Here, we labeled and analyzed the axons of 30 VTA single neurons by means of single-cell transfection with the Sindbis-pal-eGFP vector in mice. These observations were complemented with those obtained by labeling the axons of small populations of VTA cells with iontophoretic microdeposits of biotinylated dextran amine. In the single-cell labeling experiments, each entire axonal tree was reconstructed from serial sections, the length of terminal axonal arbors was estimated by stereology, and the dopaminergic phenotype was tested by double-labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence. We observed two main, markedly different VTA cell morphologies: neurons with a single main axon targeting only forebrain structures (FPN cells), and neurons with multibranched axons targeting both the forebrain and the brainstem (F + BSPN cells). Dopaminergic phenotype was observed in FPN cells. Moreover, four “subtypes” could be distinguished among the FPN cells based on their projection targets: (1) “Mesocorticolimbic” FPN projecting to both neocortex and basal forebrain; (2) “Mesocortical” FPN innervating the neocortex almost exclusively; (3) “Mesolimbic” FPN projecting to the basal forebrain, accumbens and caudateputamen; and (4) “Mesostriatal” FPN targeting only the caudateputamen. While the F + BSPN cells were scattered within VTA, the mesolimbic neurons were abundant in the paranigral nucleus. The observed diversity in wiring architectures is consistent with the notion that different VTA cell subpopulations modulate the activity of specific sets of prosencephalic and brainstem structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aransay
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Amado
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Clascá
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Prensa
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tian P, Shi W, Liu J, Wang J, Ma C, Qi Q, Cong B, Li Y. Expression of the μ, κ, and δ-opioid receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase in MN9D cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:4863-4868. [PMID: 26191179 PMCID: PMC4503051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons are suggested to be a critical physiopathology substrate for addiction disorders. It is not well known whether the clonal mesencephalic dopaminergic cell line MN9D cells can be applied to study morphine addiction. Immunofluorescence staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect protein and mRNA expression of the μ, κ, and δ-opioid receptors in MN9D cells. Immunofluorescence staining of TH was applied to quantify the number of dopaminergic neurons. The results showed that the μ, κ, and δ-receptors were all expressed in MN9D cells, and the number of TH-positive cells was significantly greater in the MN9D cells than SH-SY5Y cells. The data suggest that MN9D cells can be used as an in vitro models in future studies to explore the mechanisms of morphine addiction related to dopaminergic neurons.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Cell Line
- Humans
- Neurons/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Tian
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityHebei, China
| | - Weibo Shi
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityHebei, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityHebei, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityHebei, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityHebei, China
| | - Qian Qi
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityHebei, China
| | - Bin Cong
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityHebei, China
| | - Yingmin Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityHebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Johnston CE, Herschel DJ, Lasek AW, Hammer RP, Nikulina EM. Knockdown of ventral tegmental area mu-opioid receptors in rats prevents effects of social defeat stress: implications for amphetamine cross-sensitization, social avoidance, weight regulation and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Neuropharmacology 2015; 89:325-34. [PMID: 25446676 PMCID: PMC4293250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Social defeat stress causes social avoidance and long-lasting cross-sensitization to psychostimulants, both of which are associated with increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Moreover, social stress upregulates VTA mu-opioid receptor (MOR) mRNA. In the VTA, MOR activation inhibits GABA neurons to disinhibit VTA dopamine neurons, thus providing a role for VTA MORs in the regulation of psychostimulant sensitization. The present study determined the effect of lentivirus-mediated MOR knockdown in the VTA on the consequences of intermittent social defeat stress, a salient and profound stressor in humans and rodents. Social stress exposure induced social avoidance and attenuated weight gain in animals with non-manipulated VTA MORs, but both these effects were prevented by VTA MOR knockdown. Rats with non-manipulated VTA MOR expression exhibited cross-sensitization to amphetamine challenge (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), evidenced by a significant augmentation of locomotion. By contrast, knockdown of VTA MORs prevented stress-induced cross-sensitization without blunting the locomotor-activating effects of amphetamine. At the time point corresponding to amphetamine challenge, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the effect of stress on VTA BDNF expression. Prior stress exposure increased VTA BDNF expression in rats with non-manipulated VTA MOR expression, while VTA MOR knockdown prevented stress-induced expression of VTA BDNF. Taken together, these results suggest that upregulation of VTA MOR is necessary for the behavioral and biochemical changes induced by social defeat stress. Elucidating VTA MOR regulation of stress effects on the mesolimbic system may provide new therapeutic targets for treating stress-induced vulnerability to substance abuse.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amphetamine/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacokinetics
- Animals
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Escape Reaction/drug effects
- Escape Reaction/physiology
- Handling, Psychological
- Male
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Long-Evans
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/deficiency
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
- Stress, Psychological/prevention & control
- Transduction, Genetic
- Ventral Tegmental Area/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Johnston
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Collo G, Cavalleri L, Spano P. Structural plasticity in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons produced by drugs of abuse: critical role of BDNF and dopamine. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:259. [PMID: 25505416 PMCID: PMC4243500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons were suggested to be a critical physiopathology substrate for addiction disorders. Among neuroadaptive processes to addictive drugs, structural plasticity has attracted attention. While structural plasticity occurs at both pre- and post-synaptic levels in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, the present review focuses only on dopaminergic neurons. Exposures to addictive drugs determine two opposite structural responses, hypothrophic plasticity produced by opioids and cannabinoids (in particular during the early withdrawal phase) and hypertrophic plasticity, mostly driven by psychostimulants and nicotine. In vitro and in vivo studies identified BDNF and extracellular dopamine as two critical factors in determining structural plasticity, the two molecules sharing similar intracellular pathways involved in cell soma and dendrite growth, the MEK-ERK1/2 and the PI3K-Akt-mTOR, via preferential activation of TrkB and dopamine D3 receptors, respectively. At present information regarding specific structural changes associated to the various stages of the addiction cycle is incomplete. Encouraging neuroimaging data in humans indirectly support the preclinical evidence of hypotrophic and hypertrophic effects, suggesting a possible differential engagement of dopamine neurons in parallel and partially converging circuits controlling motivation, stress, and emotions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ginetta Collo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Cavalleri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy
| | - PierFranco Spano
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|