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Wang L, Yang F, Ye J, Zhang L, Jiang X. Insight into the role of IRF7 in skin and connective tissue diseases. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15083. [PMID: 38794808 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are signalling proteins primarily involved in initiating innate immune responses against pathogens and promoting the maturation of immune cells. Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7) plays a pivotal role in the IFNs signalling pathway. The activation process of IRF7 is incited by exogenous or abnormal nucleic acids, which is followed by the identification via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the ensuing signalling cascades. Upon activation, IRF7 modulates the expression of both IFNs and inflammatory gene regulation. As a multifunctional transcription factor, IRF7 is mainly expressed in immune cells, yet its presence is also detected in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and various dermal cell types. In these cells, IRF7 is critical for skin immunity, inflammation, and fibrosis. IRF7 dysregulation may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions, including systemic scleroderma (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Atopic dermatitis (AD) and Psoriasis. This comprehensive review aims to extensively elucidate the role of IRF7 and its signalling pathways in immune cells and keratinocytes, highlighting its significance in skin-related and connective tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kawada K, Ishida T, Morisawa S, Jobu K, Higashi Y, Aizawa F, Yagi K, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Niimura T, Abe S, Goda M, Miyamura M, Ishizawa K. Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. [Asteraceae] rhizome-derived exosome-like nanoparticles suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in murine microglial cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1302055. [PMID: 38738173 PMCID: PMC11082290 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1302055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) mediate interspecies intercellular communications and modulate gene expression. Hypothesis/Purpose In this study, we isolated and purified ELNs from the dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. [Asteraceae] (ALR-ELNs), a traditional natural medicine, and investigated their potential as neuroinflammatory therapeutic agents. Methods ALR-ELN samples were isolated and purified using differential centrifugation, and their physical features and microRNA contents were analyzed through transmission electron microscopy and RNA sequencing, respectively. BV-2 microglial murine cells and primary mouse microglial cells were cultured in vitro, and their ability to uptake ALR-ELNs was explored using fluorescence microscopy. The capacity of ALR-ELNs to modulate the anti-inflammatory responses of these cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure was assessed through mRNA and protein expression analyses. Results Overall, BV-2 cells were found to internalize ALR-ELNs, which comprised three microRNAs (ath-miR166f, ath-miR162a-5p, and ath-miR162b-5p) that could have anti-inflammatory activity. Pretreatment of BV-2 cells with ALR-ELN prevented the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS stimulation by significantly reducing the levels of nitric oxide, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Notably, the mRNA levels of Il1b, Il6, iNos, ccl2, and cxcl10 in BV-2 cells, which increased upon LPS exposure, were significantly reduced following ALR-ELN treatment. Moreover, the mRNA levels of heme oxygenase 1, Irf7, ccl12, and Irg1 also increased significantly following ALR-ELN treatment. In addition, pretreatment of primary mouse microglial cells with ALR-ELN prevented the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS stimulation by significantly reducing the levels of nitric oxide. Conclusion Our findings indicate that ALR-ELNs exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on murine microglial cells. Further validation may prove ALR-ELNs as a promising neuroinflammatory therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Pedagogy, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishida
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shumpei Morisawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kohei Jobu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Fuka Aizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenta Yagi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Taoka Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinji Abe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Pedagogy, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Goda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Miyamura
- Center for Regional Sustainability and Innovation, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Clinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Taoka Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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Duan M, Xu Y, Li Y, Feng H, Chen Y. Targeting brain-peripheral immune responses for secondary brain injury after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:102. [PMID: 38637850 PMCID: PMC11025216 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The notion that the central nervous system is an immunologically immune-exempt organ has changed over the past two decades, with increasing evidence of strong links and interactions between the central nervous system and the peripheral immune system, both in the healthy state and after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Although primary injury after stroke is certainly important, the limited therapeutic efficacy, poor neurological prognosis and high mortality have led researchers to realize that secondary injury and damage may also play important roles in influencing long-term neurological prognosis and mortality and that the neuroinflammatory process in secondary injury is one of the most important influences on disease progression. Here, we summarize the interactions of the central nervous system with the peripheral immune system after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, in particular, how the central nervous system activates and recruits peripheral immune components, and we review recent advances in corresponding therapeutic approaches and clinical studies, emphasizing the importance of the role of the peripheral immune system in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuanshu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Lee DY, Kwon YN, Lee K, Kim SJ, Sung JJ. Dual effects of TGF-β inhibitor in ALS - inhibit contracture and neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38515326 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
As persistent elevation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) promotes fibrosis of muscles and joints and accelerates disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we investigated whether inhibition of TGF-β would be effective against both exacerbations. The effects of TGF-β and its inhibitor on myoblasts and fibroblasts were tested in vitro and confirmed in vivo, and the dual action of a TGF-β inhibitor in ameliorating the pathogenic role of TGF-β in ALS mice was identified. In the peripheral neuromuscular system, fibrosis in the muscles and joint cavities induced by excessive TGF-β causes joint contracture and muscular degeneration, which leads to motor dysfunction. In an ALS mouse model, an increase in TGF-β in the central nervous system (CNS), consistent with astrocyte activity, was associated with M1 microglial activity and pro-inflammatory conditions, as well as with neuronal cell death. Treatment with the TGF-β inhibitor halofuginone could prevent musculoskeletal fibrosis, resulting in the alleviation of joint contracture and delay of motor deterioration in ALS mice. Halofuginone could also reduce glial cell-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. These dual therapeutic effects on both the neuromuscular system and the CNS were observed from the beginning to the end stages of ALS; as a result, treatment with a TGF-β inhibitor from the early stage of disease delayed the time of symptom exacerbation in ALS mice, which led to prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Nam Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwangkook Lee
- Research Department, Curamys Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Sung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
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Zhang XJ, Wang Z, Chen JW, Yuan SY, Zhao L, Zhong JY, Chen JJ, Lin WJ, Wu WS. The neuroprotective effect of near infrared light therapy in aged mice with postoperative neurocognitive disorder by upregulating IRF7. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:297-309. [PMID: 38211750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common central nervous system complication after undergoing surgery and anesthesia especially in elderly patients, while the therapeutic options are very limited. This study was carried out to investigate the beneficial effects of transcranial near infrared light (NIRL) which was employed to the treatment of PND and propose the involved mechanisms. METHODS The PND mice were established through left carotid artery exposure under isoflurane anesthesia and received transcranial NIRL treatment. Behavioral testing was performed to evaluate the cognitive function of PND mice after transcranial NIRL therapy. Changes in the transcriptomic profiles of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HP) were identified by next generation sequencing (NGS), and the molecular mechanisms involved were examined by both in vivo mouse model and in vitro cell culture studies. RESULTS We found that transcranial NIRL therapy effectively ameliorated learning and memory deficit induced by anesthesia and surgery in aged mice. Specifically, we identified down-regulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in the brains of PND mice that was mechanistically associated with increased pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype of microglia and elevated neuroinflammatory. NIRL treatment produced protective effects through the upregulation of IRF7 expression and reversing microglial phenotypes from pro-inflammatory to neuroprotective, resulting in reduced brain damage and improved cognitive function in PND mice. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that transcranial NIRL is an effective and safe therapy for PND via alleviating neuroinflammation, and IRF7 plays a key transcription factor in regulating the M1-to-M2 switch of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shang-Yan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ying Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Medical Research Center of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Si Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Baig MS, Barmpoutsi S, Bharti S, Weigert A, Hirani N, Atre R, Khabiya R, Sharma R, Sarup S, Savai R. Adaptor molecules mediate negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory pathways: a closer look. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355012. [PMID: 38482001 PMCID: PMC10933033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in initiating, maintaining, and terminating inflammation. For that, macrophages respond to various external stimuli in changing environments through signaling pathways that are tightly regulated and interconnected. This process involves, among others, autoregulatory loops that activate and deactivate macrophages through various cytokines, stimulants, and other chemical mediators. Adaptor proteins play an indispensable role in facilitating various inflammatory signals. These proteins are dynamic and flexible modulators of immune cell signaling and act as molecular bridges between cell surface receptors and intracellular effector molecules. They are involved in regulating physiological inflammation and also contribute significantly to the development of chronic inflammatory processes. This is at least partly due to their involvement in the activation and deactivation of macrophages, leading to changes in the macrophages' activation/phenotype. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the 20 adaptor molecules and proteins that act as negative regulators of inflammation in macrophages and effectively suppress inflammatory signaling pathways. We emphasize the functional role of adaptors in signal transduction in macrophages and their influence on the phenotypic transition of macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1-like states to anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotypes. This endeavor mainly aims at highlighting and orchestrating the intricate dynamics of adaptor molecules by elucidating the associated key roles along with respective domains and opening avenues for therapeutic and investigative purposes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza S. Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Spyridoula Barmpoutsi
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shreya Bharti
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nik Hirani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rajat Atre
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rakhi Khabiya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Shivmuni Sarup
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Yang Y, Kumar V, Peng W, Fijak M, Gabriela M, Cai W, Meinhardt A, Bhushan S. Role of macrophage colony stimulating factor and interferon regulatory factor 7 in modulating the immune profile of mouse testicular macrophages. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 161:104169. [PMID: 38016190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Testicular macrophages (TM) are critical for the function of the testis by regulating homeostasis and inflammatory responses. However, the mechanisms by which TM fulfil these roles remain elusive. In this study, we explored the impact of two key testicular microenvironmental factors, namely 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), an oxysterol related to sex hormones and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), a factor crucial for macrophage survival and differentiation, on the regulation of the TM phenotype. Specifically, we examined their role in controlling the expression of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 7 (Irf7), a factor critical for maintaining the alternative macrophage phenotype. To achieve this, we used an in vitro bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) model as a surrogate for TM to investigate the roles of 25HC and M-CSF in regulating the expression of Irf7 during the polarization of murine TM. M-CSF was identified as the main regulator of Irf7 expression, while 25HC production is a consequence of Irf7 activation in BMDM. In turn, 25HC plays a role in a negative feedback loop on the expression levels of Irf7 in BMDM. Using flow cytometry in Irf7-/- mouse testis the CD64loMHChi TM subpopulation was found to be decreased. Together with lower IL-10 protein levels in Irf7-/- TM this indicates a shift towards an M1-like macrophage profile. In summary, our data indicates that M-CSF could act as an inducer of high Irf7 expression levels in the mouse testis. However, the exact role of the high 25HC concentration in the testis in maintaining the local immune milieu still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Yang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Giessen, Germany; Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vishnu Kumar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Giessen, Germany; Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Giessen, Germany; Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Monika Fijak
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Giessen, Germany; Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michel Gabriela
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Giessen, Germany; Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Giessen, Germany; Hessian Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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8
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Bedolla AM, McKinsey GL, Ware K, Santander N, Arnold TD, Luo Y. A comparative evaluation of the strengths and potential caveats of the microglial inducible CreER mouse models. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113660. [PMID: 38217856 PMCID: PMC10874587 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent proliferation of new Cre and CreER recombinase lines provides researchers with a diverse toolkit to study microglial gene function. To determine how best to apply these lines in studies of microglial gene function, a thorough and detailed comparison of their properties is needed. Here, we examined four different microglial CreER lines (Cx3cr1YFP-CreER(Litt), Cx3cr1CreER(Jung), P2ry12CreER, and Tmem119CreER), focusing on (1) recombination specificity, (2) leakiness (the degree of tamoxifen-independent recombination in microglia and other cells), (3) the efficiency of tamoxifen-induced recombination, (4) extraneural recombination (the degree of recombination in cells outside of the CNS, particularly myelo/monocyte lineages), and (5) off-target effects in the context of neonatal brain development. We identify important caveats and strengths for these lines, which will provide broad significance for researchers interested in performing conditional gene deletion in microglia. We also provide data emphasizing the potential of these lines for injury models that result in the recruitment of splenic immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Bedolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gabriel L McKinsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kierra Ware
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nicolas Santander
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Thomas D Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
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9
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Sung EA, Park MH, Song S, Alanya H, Henegariu O, Liu J, Erson-Omay EZ, Sime PJ, Chae WJ. Thrombocyte-derived Dickkopf1 promotes macrophage polarization in the Bleomycin-induced lung injury model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1247330. [PMID: 38162655 PMCID: PMC10757334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1247330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are crucial to maintaining tissue homeostasis upon tissue injury. Upon various types of challenges, macrophages play a central role in regulating inflammation and tissue repair processes. While an immunomodulatory role of Wnt antagonist Dickkopf1 (DKK1) has been implicated, the role of Wnt antagonist DKK1 in regulating macrophage polarization in inflammation and the tissue repair process remains elusive. Here we found that DKK1 induces gene expression profiles to promote inflammation and tissue repair in macrophages. Importantly, DKK1 induced various genes, including inflammation and tissue repair, via JNK (c-jun N-terminal kinase) in macrophages. Furthermore, DKK1 potentiated IL-13-mediated macrophage polarization and activation. The co-inhibition of JNK and STAT6 markedly decreased gene expressions relevant to inflammation and fibrosis by DKK1 and IL-13. Interestingly, thrombocyte-specific deletion of DKK1 in mice reduced collagen deposition and decreased Arg1, CD206, HIF1α, and IL1β protein expressions in monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages in the acute sterile bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury model. These data suggested that thrombocytes communicate with macrophages via DKK1 to orchestrate inflammation and repair in this model. Taken together, our study demonstrates DKK1's role as an important regulatory ligand for macrophage polarization in the injury-induced inflammation and repair process in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Sung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Min Hee Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - SuJeong Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hasan Alanya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Octavian Henegariu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - E Zeynep Erson-Omay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Wook-Jin Chae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Phillips Oral Health Research Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, United States
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10
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Qiao H, Li H. PLP2 Could Be a Prognostic Biomarker and Potential Treatment Target in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:991-1009. [PMID: 37964785 PMCID: PMC10642424 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s425251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to discern the association between PLP2 expression, its biological significance, and the extent of immune infiltration in human GBM. Methods Utilizing the GEPIA2 and TCGA databases, we contrasted the expression levels of PLP2 in GBM against normal tissue. We utilized GEPIA2 and LinkedOmics for survival analysis, recognized genes co-expressed with PLP2 via cBioPortal and GEPIA2, and implemented GO and KEGG analyses. The STRING database facilitated the construction of protein-protein interaction networks. We evaluated the relationship of PLP2 with tumor immune infiltrates using ssGSEA and the TIMER 2.0 database. An IHC assay assessed PLP2 and PDL-1 expression in GBM tissue, and the Drugbank database aided in identifying potential PLP2-targeting compounds. Molecular docking was accomplished using Autodock Vina 1.2.2. Results PLP2 expression was markedly higher in GBM tissues in comparison to normal tissues. High PLP2 expression correlated with a decrease in overall survival across two databases. Functional analyses highlighted a focus of PLP2 functions within leukocyte. Discrepancies in PLP2 expression were evident in immune infiltration, impacting CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, myeloid dendritic cells, and macrophages. There was a concomitant increase in PLP2 and PD-L1 expression in GBM tissues, revealing a link between the two. Molecular docking with ethosuximide and praziquantel yielded scores of -7.441 and -4.295 kcal/mol, correspondingly. Conclusion PLP2's upregulation in GBM may adversely influence the lifespan of GBM patients. The involvement of PLP2 in pathways linked to leukocyte function is suggested. The positive correlation between PLP2 and PD-L1 could provide insights into PLP2's role in glioma modulation. Our research hints at PLP2's potential as a therapeutic target for GBM, with ethosuximide and praziquantel emerging as potential treatment candidates, especially emphasizing the potential of these compounds in GBM treatment targeting PLP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qiao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanting Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Troisi EM, Nguyen BH, Baxter VK, Griffin DE. Interferon regulatory factor 7 modulates virus clearance and immune responses to alphavirus encephalomyelitis. J Virol 2023; 97:e0095923. [PMID: 37772825 PMCID: PMC10617562 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00959-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Viral encephalomyelitis outcome is dependent on host responses to neuronal infection. Interferon (IFN) is an important component of the innate response, and IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7 is an inducible transcription factor for the synthesis of IFN-α. IRF7-deficient mice develop fatal paralysis after CNS infection with Sindbis virus, while wild-type mice recover. Irf7 -/- mice produce low levels of IFN-α but high levels of IFN-β with induction of IFN-stimulated genes, so the reason for this difference is not understood. The current study shows that Irf7 -/- mice developed inflammation earlier but failed to clear virus from motor neuron-rich regions of the brainstem and spinal cord. Levels of IFN-γ and virus-specific antibody were comparable, indicating that IRF7 deficiency does not impair expression of these known viral clearance factors. Therefore, IRF7 is either necessary for the neuronal response to currently identified mediators of clearance or enables the production of additional antiviral factor(s) needed for clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Troisi
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Nguyen
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria K. Baxter
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Diane E. Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Emmerich K, Walker SL, Wang G, White DT, Ceisel A, Wang F, Teng Y, Chunawala Z, Graziano G, Nimmagadda S, Saxena MT, Qian J, Mumm JS. Transcriptomic comparison of two selective retinal cell ablation paradigms in zebrafish reveals shared and cell-specific regenerative responses. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010905. [PMID: 37819938 PMCID: PMC10593236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal Müller glia (MG) can act as stem-like cells to generate new neurons in both zebrafish and mice. In zebrafish, retinal regeneration is innate and robust, resulting in the replacement of lost neurons and restoration of visual function. In mice, exogenous stimulation of MG is required to reveal a dormant and, to date, limited regenerative capacity. Zebrafish studies have been key in revealing factors that promote regenerative responses in the mammalian eye. Increased understanding of how the regenerative potential of MG is regulated in zebrafish may therefore aid efforts to promote retinal repair therapeutically. Developmental signaling pathways are known to coordinate regeneration following widespread retinal cell loss. In contrast, less is known about how regeneration is regulated in the context of retinal degenerative disease, i.e., following the loss of specific retinal cell types. To address this knowledge gap, we compared transcriptomic responses underlying regeneration following targeted loss of rod photoreceptors or bipolar cells. In total, 2,531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with the majority being paradigm specific, including during early MG activation phases, suggesting the nature of the injury/cell loss informs the regenerative process from initiation onward. For example, early modulation of Notch signaling was implicated in the rod but not bipolar cell ablation paradigm and components of JAK/STAT signaling were implicated in both paradigms. To examine candidate gene roles in rod cell regeneration, including several immune-related factors, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to create G0 mutant larvae (i.e., "crispants"). Rod cell regeneration was inhibited in stat3 crispants, while mutating stat5a/b, c7b and txn accelerated rod regeneration kinetics. These data support emerging evidence that discrete responses follow from selective retinal cell loss and that the immune system plays a key role in regulating "fate-biased" regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Emmerich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of the Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Walker
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David T. White
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anneliese Ceisel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Zeeshaan Chunawala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gianna Graziano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Saumya Nimmagadda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Meera T. Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeff S. Mumm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of the Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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13
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Blank-Stein N, Mass E. Macrophage and monocyte subsets in response to ischemic stroke. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250233. [PMID: 37467166 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality. Despite extensive efforts in stroke research, the only pharmacological treatment currently available is arterial recanalization, which has limited efficacy only in the acute phase of stroke. The neuroinflammatory response to stroke is believed to provide a wider time window than recanalization and has therefore been proposed as an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of cellular and molecular responses of distinct macrophage populations following stroke, which may offer potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Specifically, we discuss the role of local responders in neuroinflammation, including the well-studied microglia as well as the emerging players, border-associated macrophages, and macrophages originating from the skull bone marrow. Additionally, we focus on the behavior of monocytes stemming from distant tissues such as the bone marrow and spleen. Finally, we highlight aging as a crucial factor modulating the immune response, which is often neglected in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Blank-Stein
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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14
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Weichert L, Düsedau HP, Fritzsch D, Schreier S, Scharf A, Grashoff M, Cebulski K, Michaelsen-Preusse K, Erck C, Lienenklaus S, Dunay IR, Kröger A. Astrocytes evoke a robust IRF7-independent type I interferon response upon neurotropic viral infection. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:213. [PMID: 37737190 PMCID: PMC10515022 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I interferons (IFN-I) are fundamental in controlling viral infections but fatal interferonopathy is restricted in the immune-privileged central nervous system (CNS). In contrast to the well-established role of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7) in the regulation of IFN-I response in the periphery, little is known about the specific function in the CNS. METHODS To investigate the role for IRF7 in antiviral response during neurotropic virus infection, mice deficient for IRF3 and IRF7 were infected systemically with Langat virus (LGTV). Viral burden and IFN-I response was analyzed in the periphery and the CNS by focus formation assay, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and in vivo imaging. Microglia and infiltration of CNS-infiltration of immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that during infection with the neurotropic Langat virus (LGTV), an attenuated member of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) subgroup, neurons do not rely on IRF7 for cell-intrinsic antiviral resistance and IFN-I induction. An increased viral replication in IRF7-deficient mice suggests an indirect antiviral mechanism. Astrocytes rely on IRF7 to establish a cell-autonomous antiviral response. Notably, the loss of IRF7 particularly in astrocytes resulted in a high IFN-I production. Sustained production of IFN-I in astrocytes is independent of an IRF7-mediated positive feedback loop. CONCLUSION IFN-I induction in the CNS is profoundly regulated in a cell type-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreen Weichert
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Peter Düsedau
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Fritzsch
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schreier
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Scharf
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martina Grashoff
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Cebulski
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Erck
- Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and inflammation (GC-I3), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Braun Science (CBBS), 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and inflammation (GC-I3), Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Braun Science (CBBS), 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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15
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Qing F, Liu Z. Interferon regulatory factor 7 in inflammation, cancer and infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190841. [PMID: 37251373 PMCID: PMC10213216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), a member of the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) family, is located downstream of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)-mediated signaling pathway and is essential for the production of type I interferon (IFN-I). Activation of IRF7 inhibits various viral and bacterial infections and suppresses the growth and metastasis of some cancers, but it may also affect the tumor microenvironment and promote the development of other cancers. Here, we summarize recent advances in the role of IRF7 as a multifunctional transcription factor in inflammation, cancer and infection by regulating IFN-I production or IFN-I-independent signaling pathways.
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16
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Bedolla A, Mckinsey G, Ware K, Santander N, Arnold T, Luo Y. Finding the right tool: a comprehensive evaluation of microglial inducible cre mouse models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.536878. [PMID: 37131606 PMCID: PMC10153116 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.536878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent proliferation of new Cre and CreER recombinase lines provides researchers with a diverse toolkit to study microglial gene function. To determine how best to apply these lines in studies of microglial gene function, a thorough and detailed comparison of their properties is needed. Here, we examined four different microglial CreER lines (Cx3cr1CreER(Litt), Cx3cr1CreER(Jung), P2ry12CreER, Tmem119CreER), focusing on (1) recombination specificity; (2) leakiness - degree of non-tamoxifen recombination in microglia and other cells; (3) efficiency of tamoxifen-induced recombination; (4) extra-neural recombination -the degree of recombination in cells outside the CNS, particularly myelo/monocyte lineages (5) off-target effects in the context of neonatal brain development. We identify important caveats and strengths for these lines which will provide broad significance for researchers interested in performing conditional gene deletion in microglia. We also provide data emphasizing the potential of these lines for injury models that result in the recruitment of splenic immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Bedolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gabriel Mckinsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kierra Ware
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nicolas Santander
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O´Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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17
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Bui TA, Jickling GC, Winship IR. Neutrophil dynamics and inflammaging in acute ischemic stroke: A transcriptomic review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1041333. [PMID: 36620775 PMCID: PMC9813499 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Restoring blood flow through recanalization is currently the only acute treatment for cerebral ischemia. Unfortunately, many patients that achieve a complete recanalization fail to regain functional independence. Recent studies indicate that activation of peripheral immune cells, particularly neutrophils, may contribute to microcirculatory failure and futile recanalization. Stroke primarily affects the elderly population, and mortality after endovascular therapies is associated with advanced age. Previous analyses of differential gene expression across injury status and age identify ischemic stroke as a complex age-related disease. It also suggests robust interactions between stroke injury, aging, and inflammation on a cellular and molecular level. Understanding such interactions is crucial in developing effective protective treatments. The global stroke burden will continue to increase with a rapidly aging human population. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of age-dependent vulnerability are poorly defined. In this review, we will discuss how neutrophil-specific gene expression patterns may contribute to poor treatment responses in stroke patients. We will also discuss age-related transcriptional changes that may contribute to poor clinical outcomes and greater susceptibility to cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong An Bui
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen C. Jickling
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian R. Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Ian R. Winship,
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18
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Chen H, Chew G, Devapragash N, Loh JZ, Huang KY, Guo J, Liu S, Tan ELS, Chen S, Tee NGZ, Mia MM, Singh MK, Zhang A, Behmoaras J, Petretto E. The E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 regulates pro-fibrogenic monocyte infiltration and activity in heart fibrosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7375. [PMID: 36450710 PMCID: PMC9712659 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) can cause left ventricular dysfunction through interstitial fibrosis, which corresponds to the failure of cardiac tissue remodeling. Recent evidence implicates monocytes/macrophages in the etiopathology of cardiac fibrosis, but giving their heterogeneity and the antagonizing roles of macrophage subtypes in fibrosis, targeting these cells has been challenging. Here we focus on WWP2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that acts as a positive genetic regulator of human and murine cardiac fibrosis, and show that myeloid specific deletion of WWP2 reduces cardiac fibrosis in hypertension-induced NICM. By using single cell RNA sequencing analysis of immune cells in the same model, we establish the functional heterogeneity of macrophages and define an early pro-fibrogenic phase of NICM that is driven by Ccl5-expressing Ly6chigh monocytes. Among cardiac macrophage subtypes, WWP2 dysfunction primarily affects Ly6chigh monocytes via modulating Ccl5, and consequentially macrophage infiltration and activation, which contributes to reduced myofibroblast trans-differentiation. WWP2 interacts with transcription factor IRF7, promoting its non-degradative mono-ubiquitination, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, leading to upregulation of Ccl5 at transcriptional level. We identify a pro-fibrogenic macrophage subtype in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, and demonstrate that WWP2 is a key regulator of IRF7-mediated Ccl5/Ly6chigh monocyte axis in heart fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Chen
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore ,grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Gabriel Chew
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nithya Devapragash
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jui Zhi Loh
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Y. Huang
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Guo
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiyang Liu
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elisabeth Li Sa Tan
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuang Chen
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China ,grid.452511.6Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Nicole Gui Zhen Tee
- grid.419385.20000 0004 0620 9905National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609 Singapore
| | - Masum M. Mia
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manvendra K. Singh
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aihua Zhang
- grid.452511.6Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore ,grid.413629.b0000 0001 0705 4923Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore, Singapore ,grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
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Macrophage-mediated PDGF Activation Correlates with Regenerative Outcomes Following Musculoskeletal Trauma. Ann Surg 2022:00000658-990000000-00262. [PMID: 36111847 PMCID: PMC10014496 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify macrophage subpopulations and gene signatures associated with regenerative or fibrotic healing across different musculoskeletal injury types. BACKGROUND Subpopulations of macrophages are hypothesized to fine tune the immune response after damage, promoting either normal regenerative, or aberrant fibrotic healing. METHODS Mouse single-cell RNA sequencing data before and after injury were assembled from models of musculoskeletal injury, including regenerative and fibrotic mouse volumetric muscle loss (VML), regenerative digit tip amputation (DTA), and fibrotic heterotopic ossification (HO). R packages Harmony , MacSpectrum and Seurat were used for data integration, analysis and visualizations. RESULTS There was substantial overlap between macrophages from the regenerative VML (2 mm injury) and regenerative bone (DTA) models, as well as a separate overlap between the fibrotic VML (3 mm injury) and fibrotic bone (HO) models. We identified 2 fibrotic-like (FL 1 and FL 2) along with 3 regenerative-like (RL 1, RL 2, and RL 3) subpopulations of macrophages, each of which was transcriptionally distinct. We found that regenerative and fibrotic conditions had similar compositions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages, suggesting that macrophage polarization state did not correlate with healing outcomes. Receptor/ligand analysis of macrophage-to-mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) crosstalk showed enhanced transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in fibrotic conditions and enhanced platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling in regenerative conditions. CONCLUSION Characterization of macrophage subtypes could be used to predict fibrotic responses following injury and provide a therapeutic target to tune the healing microenvironment towards more regenerative conditions.
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Li C, Lu Y, Han X. Identification of Effective Diagnostic Biomarkers and Immune Cell Infiltration in Atopic Dermatitis by Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:917077. [PMID: 35911963 PMCID: PMC9330059 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.917077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a dermatological disorder characterized by symptoms such as chronically inflamed skin and frequently intolerable itching. The mechanism underlying AD development is still unclear. Our study aims to identify the diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for AD and provide insight into immune mechanisms at the molecular level through bioinformatics analysis.Methods: The GSE6012, GSE32924, and GSE36842 gene expression profiles were obtained for analysis from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were segregated using the “Batch correction” and “RobustRankAggreg” methods. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to screen for module genes with AD traits. Then, common DEGs (co-DEGs) were screened out via combined differential expression analysis and WGCNA. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for these co-DEGs using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), followed by protein-protein interaction network analysis. Candidate hub genes were identified using the “cytoHubba” plugin in Cytoscape, and their value for AD diagnosis was validated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in the external database GSE120721. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for further validation. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate skin samples obtained from healthy controls (HCs) and lesions of AD patients, to determine the extent of immune cell infiltration. The association between the identified hub genes and significant differential immune cells was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results: A total of 259 DEGs were acquired from the intersection of DEGs obtained by the two independent procedures, and 331 AD-trait module genes were separated out from the blue module via WGCNA analysis. Then, 169 co-DEGs arising from the intersection of the 259 DEGs and the 331 AD-trait module genes were obtained. We found that co-DEGs were significantly enhanced in the type I interferon and IL-17 signal transduction pathways. Thirteen potential hub genes were identified using Cytoscape. Five hub genes (CCR7, CXCL10, IRF7, MMP1, and RRM2) were identified after screening via external dataset validation and immunohistochemical analysis. We also identified four significant differential immune cells, i.e., activated dendritic cells, plasma cells, resting mast cells, and CD4+ naïve T cells, between AD patients and HCs. Moreover, the relationship between the identified hub genes and significant differential immune cells was analyzed. The results showed that the CCR7 expression level was positively correlated with the number of CD4+ naïve T cells (R = 0.42, p = 0.011).Conclusion: CCR7, CXCL10, IRF7, MMP1, and RRM2 could be potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for AD. CCR7 expression level was positively correlated with the number of CD4+ naïve T cells in AD. These findings need to be corroborated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongping Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuping Han, ; Yongping Lu,
| | - Xiuping Han
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuping Han, ; Yongping Lu,
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Sudwarts A, Ramesha S, Gao T, Ponnusamy M, Wang S, Hansen M, Kozlova A, Bitarafan S, Kumar P, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Zhang X, Collier L, Szekeres C, Wood LB, Duan J, Thinakaran G, Rangaraju S. BIN1 is a key regulator of proinflammatory and neurodegeneration-related activation in microglia. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:33. [PMID: 35526014 PMCID: PMC9077874 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BIN1 locus contains the second-most significant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. BIN1 undergoes alternate splicing to generate tissue- and cell-type-specific BIN1 isoforms, which regulate membrane dynamics in a range of crucial cellular processes. Whilst the expression of BIN1 in the brain has been characterized in neurons and oligodendrocytes in detail, information regarding microglial BIN1 expression is mainly limited to large-scale transcriptomic and proteomic data. Notably, BIN1 protein expression and its functional roles in microglia, a cell type most relevant to Alzheimer's disease, have not been examined in depth. METHODS Microglial BIN1 expression was analyzed by immunostaining mouse and human brain, as well as by immunoblot and RT-PCR assays of isolated microglia or human iPSC-derived microglial cells. Bin1 expression was ablated by siRNA knockdown in primary microglial cultures in vitro and Cre-lox mediated conditional deletion in adult mouse brain microglia in vivo. Regulation of neuroinflammatory microglial signatures by BIN1 in vitro and in vivo was characterized using NanoString gene panels and flow cytometry methods. The transcriptome data was explored by in silico pathway analysis and validated by complementary molecular approaches. RESULTS Here, we characterized microglial BIN1 expression in vitro and in vivo and ascertained microglia expressed BIN1 isoforms. By silencing Bin1 expression in primary microglial cultures, we demonstrate that BIN1 regulates the activation of proinflammatory and disease-associated responses in microglia as measured by gene expression and cytokine production. Our transcriptomic profiling revealed key homeostatic and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response pathways, as well as transcription factors PU.1 and IRF1 that are regulated by BIN1. Microglia-specific Bin1 conditional knockout in vivo revealed novel roles of BIN1 in regulating the expression of disease-associated genes while counteracting CX3CR1 signaling. The consensus from in vitro and in vivo findings showed that loss of Bin1 impaired the ability of microglia to mount type 1 interferon responses to proinflammatory challenge, particularly the upregulation of a critical type 1 immune response gene, Ifitm3. CONCLUSIONS Our convergent findings provide novel insights into microglial BIN1 function and demonstrate an essential role of microglial BIN1 in regulating brain inflammatory response and microglial phenotypic changes. Moreover, for the first time, our study shows a regulatory relationship between Bin1 and Ifitm3, two Alzheimer's disease-related genes in microglia. The requirement for BIN1 to regulate Ifitm3 upregulation during inflammation has important implications for inflammatory responses during the pathogenesis and progression of many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Sudwarts
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XByrd Alzheimer’s Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Supriya Ramesha
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Tianwen Gao
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Moorthi Ponnusamy
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XByrd Alzheimer’s Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XByrd Alzheimer’s Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Mitchell Hansen
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XByrd Alzheimer’s Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Alena Kozlova
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439Center for Psychiatric Genetics, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
| | - Sara Bitarafan
- grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Prateek Kumar
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - David Beaulieu-Abdelahad
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XByrd Alzheimer’s Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XByrd Alzheimer’s Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Lisa Collier
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XByrd Alzheimer’s Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Charles Szekeres
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Levi B. Wood
- grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Jubao Duan
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439Center for Psychiatric Genetics, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201 USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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Xia Y, Zhang Q, Ye Y, Wu X, He F, Peng Y, Yin Y, Ren W. Melatonergic signalling instructs transcriptional inhibition of IFNGR2 to lessen interleukin‐1β‐dependent inflammation. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e716. [PMID: 35184395 PMCID: PMC8858632 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotransmitters (e.g., neurotransmitters and neuromodulators) could orchestrate diverse immune responses; however, the elaborated mechanism by which melatonergic activation governs inflammation remains less defined. Methods Primary macrophages, various cell lines, and Pasteurella multocida (PmCQ2)‐infected mice were respectively used to illustrate the influence of melatonergic signalling on inflammation in vitro and in vivo. A series of methods (e.g., RNA‐seq, metabolomics, and genetic manipulation) were conducted to reveal the mechanism whereby melatonergic signalling reduces macrophage inflammation. Results Here, we demonstrate that melatonergic activation substantially lessens interleukin (IL)‐1β‐dependent inflammation. Treatment of macrophages with melatonin rewires metabolic program, as well as remodels signalling pathways which depends on interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 7. Mechanistically, melatonin acts via membrane receptor (MT) 1 to increase heat shock factor (Hsf) 1 expression through lowering the inactive glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) β, thereby transcriptionally inhibiting interferon (IFN)‐γ receptor (IFNGR) 2 and ultimately causing defective canonical signalling events [Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1‐IRF7] and lower IL‐1β production in macrophages. Moreover, we find that melatonin amplifies host protective responses to PmCQ2 infection‐induced pneumonia. Conclusions Our conceptual framework provides potential therapeutic targets to prevent and/or treat inflammatory diseases associating with excessive IL‐1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Qingzhuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Yuyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Fang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
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23
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Finger CE, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Gutierrez A, Moruno-Manchon JF, McCullough LD. Age-related immune alterations and cerebrovascular inflammation. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:803-818. [PMID: 34711943 PMCID: PMC9046462 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of many age-related diseases, including vascular disease. The world's population is aging, leading to an increasing prevalence of both stroke and vascular dementia. The inflammatory response to ischemic stroke is critical to both stroke pathophysiology and recovery. Age is a predictor of poor outcomes after stroke. The immune response to stroke is altered in aged individuals, which contributes to the disparate outcomes between young and aged patients. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the effects of aging on the immune system and the cerebral vasculature and how these changes alter the immune response to stroke and vascular dementia in animal and human studies. Potential implications of these age-related immune alterations on chronic inflammation in vascular disease outcome are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson E. Finger
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA ,grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
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24
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Faas M, Ipseiz N, Ackermann J, Culemann S, Grüneboom A, Schröder F, Rothe T, Scholtysek C, Eberhardt M, Böttcher M, Kirchner P, Stoll C, Ekici A, Fuchs M, Kunz M, Weigmann B, Wirtz S, Lang R, Hofmann J, Vera J, Voehringer D, Michelucci A, Mougiakakos D, Uderhardt S, Schett G, Krönke G. IL-33-induced metabolic reprogramming controls the differentiation of alternatively activated macrophages and the resolution of inflammation. Immunity 2021; 54:2531-2546.e5. [PMID: 34644537 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) contribute to the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. However, molecular pathways that govern their differentiation have remained incompletely understood. Here, we show that uncoupling protein-2-mediated mitochondrial reprogramming and the transcription factor GATA3 specifically controlled the differentiation of pro-resolving AAMs in response to the alarmin IL-33. In macrophages, IL-33 sequentially triggered early expression of pro-inflammatory genes and subsequent differentiation into AAMs. Global analysis of underlying signaling events revealed that IL-33 induced a rapid metabolic rewiring of macrophages that involved uncoupling of the respiratory chain and increased production of the metabolite itaconate, which subsequently triggered a GATA3-mediated AAM polarization. Conditional deletion of GATA3 in mononuclear phagocytes accordingly abrogated IL-33-induced differentiation of AAMs and tissue repair upon muscle injury. Our data thus identify an IL-4-independent and GATA3-dependent pathway in mononuclear phagocytes that results from mitochondrial rewiring and controls macrophage plasticity and the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Faas
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jochen Ackermann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stephan Culemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Biopsectroscopy, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund 44139, Germany; Medical Faculty, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Fenja Schröder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tobias Rothe
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Carina Scholtysek
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Martin Eberhardt
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 5, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Cornelia Stoll
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fuchs
- Department of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Department of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Joerg Hofmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Division of Infection Biology, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg 1526, Luxembourg
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 5, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany.
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Wang Q, Liu L, Cao J, Abula M, Yimingjiang Y, Feng S. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals that CXCL10, IRF7, MX1, RSAD2, and STAT1 are related to the chronic stage of spinal cord injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1248. [PMID: 34532385 PMCID: PMC8421925 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The process of spinal cord injury involves acute, subacute, and chronic stages; however, the specific pathological mechanism remains unclear. In this study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to clarify specific modules and hub genes that associated with SCI. Methods The gene expression profiles GEO Series (GSE)45006 and GEO Series (GSE)2599 were downloaded, and the co-expression network modules were identified by the WGCNA package. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Venn diagram were constructed to identify hub genes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was used to quantify the degree of the top five candidate genes. Correlation analysis was also carried out between hub genes and immune infiltration. Results In total, 14,402 genes and seven modules were identified. The brown module was considered to be the most critical module for the chronic stage of SCI, which contained 775 genes that were primarily associated with various biological processes, including extracellular structure organization, lysosome, isoprenoid biosynthesis, response to nutrients, response to wounding, sulfur compound metabolic process, cofactor metabolic process, and ossification. Furthermore, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1 (MX1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2) were identified as the hub genes in the PPI and Venn diagram network, and verified by qRT-PCR. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, helper T cells, Th2 cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes may be involved in the SCI process. Conclusions There were significant differences among the five hub genes (CXCL10, IRF7, MX1, RSAD2, and STAT1) of the brown module, which may be potential diagnostic and prognostic markers of SCI, and immune cell infiltration may play an important role in the chronic stage of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Muhetidier Abula
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yasen Yimingjiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Xu S, Mei S, Lu J, Wu H, Dong X, Shi L, Zhou J, Zhang J. Transcriptome Analysis of Microglia Reveals That the TLR2/IRF7 Signaling Axis Mediates Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:645649. [PMID: 34276335 PMCID: PMC8278202 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.645649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response in the early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been reported to have an impact on progress, and the mechanism is not completely understood. Here, we performed genome-wide transcriptome analysis of microglia purified from damaged hemisphere of adult mice at 3 days after SAH or sham operation. Robust transcriptional changes were observed between SAH-induced and healthy microglia, indicating rapid activation of microglia after suffering from SAH. We identified 1576 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 928 upregulated and 648 downregulated) in SAH-induced microglia compared with sham microglia, representing a strong alteration of the genome (6.85% of total ∼23,000 genes). Functional enrichment of these DEGs indicated that cell division, inflammatory response, cytokine production, and leukocyte chemotaxis were strongly activated in SAH-induced microglia. Moreover, we identified and proved that the TLR2/IRF7 signaling axis was involved in the regulation of this microglia-mediated inflammation in SAH mice by performing flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Together, these results provided a perspective of microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response in the early stage of SAH and might give a new therapeutic target for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Lorenzo PI, Martin Vazquez E, López-Noriega L, Fuente-Martín E, Mellado-Gil JM, Franco JM, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Guerrero Martínez JA, Romero-Zerbo SY, Perez-Cabello JA, Rivero Canalejo S, Campos-Caro A, Lachaud CC, Crespo Barreda A, Aguilar-Diosdado M, García Fuentes E, Martin-Montalvo A, Álvarez Dolado M, Martin F, Rojo-Martinez G, Pozo D, Bérmudez-Silva FJ, Comaills V, Reyes JC, Gauthier BR. The metabesity factor HMG20A potentiates astrocyte survival and reactive astrogliosis preserving neuronal integrity. Theranostics 2021; 11:6983-7004. [PMID: 34093866 PMCID: PMC8171100 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: We recently demonstrated that the 'Metabesity' factor HMG20A regulates islet beta-cell functional maturity and adaptation to physiological stress such as pregnancy and pre-diabetes. HMG20A also dictates central nervous system (CNS) development via inhibition of the LSD1-CoREST complex but its expression pattern and function in adult brain remains unknown. Herein we sought to determine whether HMG20A is expressed in the adult CNS, specifically in hypothalamic astrocytes that are key in glucose homeostasis and whether similar to islets, HMG20A potentiates astrocyte function in response to environmental cues. Methods: HMG20A expression profile was assessed by quantitative PCR (QT-PCR), Western blotting and/or immunofluorescence in: 1) the hypothalamus of mice exposed or not to either a high-fat diet or a high-fat high-sucrose regimen, 2) human blood leukocytes and adipose tissue obtained from healthy or diabetic individuals and 3) primary mouse hypothalamic astrocytes exposed to either high glucose or palmitate. RNA-seq and cell metabolic parameters were performed on astrocytes treated or not with a siHMG20A. Astrocyte-mediated neuronal survival was evaluated using conditioned media from siHMG20A-treated astrocytes. The impact of ORY1001, an inhibitor of the LSD1-CoREST complex, on HMG20A expression, reactive astrogliosis and glucose metabolism was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in high-fat high-sucrose fed mice. Results: We show that Hmg20a is predominantly expressed in hypothalamic astrocytes, the main nutrient-sensing cell type of the brain. HMG20A expression was upregulated in diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerant mice, correlating with increased transcript levels of Gfap and Il1b indicative of inflammation and reactive astrogliosis. Hmg20a transcript levels were also increased in adipose tissue of obese non-diabetic individuals as compared to obese diabetic patients. HMG20A silencing in astrocytes resulted in repression of inflammatory, cholesterol biogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways which are hallmarks of reactive astrogliosis. Accordingly, HMG20A depleted astrocytes exhibited reduced mitochondrial bioenergetics and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. Neuron viability was also hindered in HMG20A-depleted astrocyte-derived conditioned media. ORY1001 treatment rescued expression of reactive astrogliosis-linked genes in HMG20A ablated astrocytes while enhancing cell surface area, GFAP intensity and STAT3 expression in healthy astrocytes, mimicking the effect of HMG20A. Furthermore, ORY1001 treatment protected against obesity-associated glucose intolerance in mice correlating with a regression of hypothalamic HMG20A expression, indicative of reactive astrogliosis attenuation with improved health status. Conclusion: HMG20A coordinates the astrocyte polarization state. Under physiological pressure such as obesity and insulin resistance that induces low grade inflammation, HMG20A expression is increased to induce reactive astrogliosis in an attempt to preserve the neuronal network and re-establish glucose homeostasis. Nonetheless, a chronic metabesity state or functional mutations will result in lower levels of HMG20A, failure to promote reactive astrogliosis and increase susceptibility of neurons to stress-induced apoptosis. Such effects could be reversed by ORY1001 treatment both in vitro and in vivo, paving the way for a new therapeutic approach for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra I. Lorenzo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martin Vazquez
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Livia López-Noriega
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Esther Fuente-Martín
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José M. Mellado-Gil
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Jaime M. Franco
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José A. Guerrero Martínez
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Silvana Y. Romero-Zerbo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús A. Perez-Cabello
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Sabrina Rivero Canalejo
- Department of Normal and Pathological Histology and Cytology, University of Seville School of Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- University Hospital “Puerta del Mar”, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Christian Claude Lachaud
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandra Crespo Barreda
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado
- University Hospital “Puerta del Mar”, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, University Hospital “Puerta del Mar”, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Eduardo García Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Álvarez Dolado
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Franz Martin
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martinez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pozo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Bérmudez-Silva
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentine Comaills
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José C. Reyes
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Benoit R. Gauthier
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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Stebbins RC, Noppert GA, Yang YC, Dowd JB, Simanek A, Aiello AE. Association Between Immune Response to Cytomegalovirus and Cognition in the Health and Retirement Study. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:786-797. [PMID: 33094810 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections and the subsequent immune response have recently been shown to be risk factors for cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). While some studies have shown an association between cytomegalovirus (CMV), a chronic and highly prevalent infection, and cognition and/or ADRD, these studies have been limited by nonrepresentative and small samples. Using 2016 data on 5,617 adults aged 65 years or more from the Health and Retirement Study, we investigated the cross-sectional associations of both CMV serostatus and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response with cognitive function using linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment. We further investigated potential effect-measure modification by educational attainment. Overall, both CMV seropositivity and higher IgG antibody response were associated with lower cognitive function, though the relationship was not statistically significant in adjusted models. Among participants with less than a high school diploma, CMV seropositivity and being in the first tertile of IgG response, relative to seronegative persons, were associated with lower scores on the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (-0.56 points (95% confidence interval: -1.63, 0.52) and -0.89 points (95% confidence interval: -2.07, 0.29), respectively), and the relationship was attenuated among those with higher education. Our results suggest that CMV may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment, particularly among persons with fewer educational resources.
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Zhang Y, You WH, Li X, Wang P, Sha B, Liang Y, Qiu J, Zhou J, Hu H, Lu L. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals transcriptional landscape and intratumor heterogenicity in gallbladder cancer liver metastasis microenvironment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:889. [PMID: 34164523 PMCID: PMC8184464 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly aggressive biliary epithelial malignancy. The median survival time of GBC patients was less than 1 year. Tumor invasion and metastasis are the major cause of high mortality of GBC patients. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in GBC metastases are still unclear. Methods We performed 10X genomics single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on GBC liver metastasis tissue to evaluate the characteristics of the GBC liver metastasis microenvironment. Results In this study, 8 cell types, a total of 7,788 cells, including T cells, B cells, malignant cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and mast cells were identified. Malignant cells displayed a high degree of intratumor heterogenicity, while neutrophils were found to promote GBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, cytotoxic cluster of differentiation (CD8+) T cells became exhausted and CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibited immunosuppressive characteristics. Macrophages played an important role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We identified three distinct macrophage subsets and emergent M2 polarization. We also found that cancer-associated fibroblasts exhibited heterogeneity and may be associated with GBC metastasis. Conclusions Although preliminary in nature, our study provides a landscape view at the single-cell level. These results offer a unique perspective into understanding the liver metastasis of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Hua You
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Sha
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinren Zhou
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Hu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Neuroimmune interactions and osteoarthritis pain: focus on macrophages. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e892. [PMID: 33981927 PMCID: PMC8108586 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional interactions between the immune system and the nervous system are increasingly appreciated as playing a pathogenic role in chronic pain. Unraveling the mechanisms by which inflammatory pain is mediated through communication between nerves and immune cells may lead to exciting new strategies for therapeutic intervention. In this narrative review, we focus on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) pain. From regulating homeostasis to conducting phagocytosis, and from inducing inflammation to resolving it, macrophages are plastic cells that are highly adaptable to their environment. They rely on communicating with the environment through cytokines, growth factors, neuropeptides, and other signals to respond to inflammation or injury. The contribution of macrophages to OA joint damage has garnered much attention in recent years. Here, we discuss how macrophages may participate in the initiation and maintenance of pain in OA. We aim to summarize what is currently known about macrophages in OA pain and identify important gaps in the field to fuel future investigations.
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Ma T, Wang F, Xu S, Huang JH. Meningeal immunity: Structure, function and a potential therapeutic target of neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:264-276. [PMID: 33548498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningeal immunity refers to immune surveillance and immune defense in the meningeal immune compartment, which depends on the unique position, structural composition of the meninges and functional characteristics of the meningeal immune cells. Recent research advances in meningeal immunity have demonstrated many new ways in which a sophisticated immune landscape affects central nervous system (CNS) function under physiological or pathological conditions. The proper function of the meningeal compartment might protect the CNS from pathogens or contribute to neurological disorders. Since the concept of meningeal immunity, especially the meningeal lymphatic system and the glymphatic system, is relatively new, we will provide a general review of the meninges' basic structural elements, organization, regulation, and functions with regards to meningeal immunity. At the same time, we will emphasize recent evidence for the role of meningeal immunity in neurodegenerative diseases. More importantly, we will speculate about the feasibility of the meningeal immune region as a drug target to provide some insights for future research of meningeal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyun Ma
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Fushun Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610060, PR China.
| | - Shijun Xu
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health Center, Temple, TX 76502, United States; Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76502, United States
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Cohen M, Giladi A, Raposo C, Zada M, Li B, Ruckh J, Deczkowska A, Mohar B, Shechter R, Lichtenstein RG, Amit I, Schwartz M. Meningeal lymphoid structures are activated under acute and chronic spinal cord pathologies. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 4:4/1/e202000907. [PMID: 33277355 PMCID: PMC7723261 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that acute insult to the central nervous system induces the formation of lymphocyte aggregates reminiscent of tertiary lymphoid structures within the spinal cord meninges. Unlike draining CNS-cervical lymph nodes, meningeal lymphocytes are locally activated during neuro-inflammtion and neurodegeneration. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized aggregates of B and T cells formed ectopically during different stages of life in response to inflammation, infection, or cancer. Here, we describe formation of structures reminiscent of TLS in the spinal cord meninges under several central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. After acute spinal cord injury, B and T lymphocytes locally aggregate within the meninges to form TLS-like structures, and continue to accumulate during the late phase of the response to the injury, with a negative impact on subsequent pathological conditions, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Using a chronic model of spinal cord pathology, the mSOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, we further showed by single-cell RNA-sequencing that a meningeal lymphocyte niche forms, with a unique organization and activation state, including accumulation of pre-B cells in the spinal cord meninges. Such a response was not found in the CNS-draining cervical lymph nodes. The present findings suggest that a special immune response develops in the meninges during various neurological pathologies in the CNS, a possible reflection of its immune privileged nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Catarina Raposo
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mor Zada
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Baoguo Li
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julia Ruckh
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Boaz Mohar
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ravid Shechter
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rachel G Lichtenstein
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel .,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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33
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Timmerman R, Burm SM, Bajramovic JJ. Tissue-specific features of microglial innate immune responses. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104924. [PMID: 33248205 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As tissue-resident macrophages of the brain, microglia are increasingly considered as cellular targets for therapeutical intervention. Innate immune responses in particular have been implicated in central nervous system (CNS) infections, neuro-oncology, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. We here review the impact of 'nature and nurture' on microglial innate immune responses and summarize documented tissue-specific adaptations. Overall, such adaptations are associated with regulatory processes rather than with overt differences in the expressed repertoire of activating receptors of different tissue-resident macrophages. Microglial responses are characterized by slower kinetics, by a more persistent nature and by a differential usage of downstream enzymes and accessory receptors. We further consider factors like aging, previous exposure to inflammatory stimuli, and differences in the microenvironment that can modulate innate immune responses. The long-life span of microglia in the metabolically active CNS renders them susceptible to the phenomenon of 'inflammaging', and major challenges lie in the unraveling of the factors that underlie age-related alterations in microglial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Timmerman
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - S M Burm
- Genmab, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J J Bajramovic
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
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Irving AT, Zhang Q, Kong PS, Luko K, Rozario P, Wen M, Zhu F, Zhou P, Ng JHJ, Sobota RM, Wang LF. Interferon Regulatory Factors IRF1 and IRF7 Directly Regulate Gene Expression in Bats in Response to Viral Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108345. [PMID: 33147460 PMCID: PMC8755441 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bat cells and tissue have elevated basal expression levels of antiviral genes commonly associated with interferon alpha (IFNα) signaling. Here, we show Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF1), 3, and 7 levels are elevated in most bat tissues and that, basally, IRFs contribute to the expression of type I IFN ligands and high expression of interferon regulated genes (IRGs). CRISPR knockout (KO) of IRF 1/3/7 in cells reveals distinct subsets of genes affected by each IRF in an IFN-ligand signaling-dependent and largely independent manner. As the master regulators of innate immunity, the IRFs control the kinetics and maintenance of the IRG response and play essential roles in response to influenza A virus (IAV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), Melaka virus/Pteropine orthoreovirus 3 Melaka (PRV3M), and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. With its differential expression in bats compared to that in humans, this highlights a critical role for basal IRF expression in viral responses and potentially immune cell development in bats with relevance for IRF function in human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Irving
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University International Campus, Haining, China; Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pui-San Kong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katarina Luko
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pritisha Rozario
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Wen
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peng Zhou
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Justin H J Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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35
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Cornelius ADA, Hosseini S, Schreier S, Fritzsch D, Weichert L, Michaelsen-Preusse K, Fendt M, Kröger A. Langat virus infection affects hippocampal neuron morphology and function in mice without disease signs. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:278. [PMID: 32951602 PMCID: PMC7504599 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important human pathogen that can cause the serious illness tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Patients with clinical symptoms can suffer from severe meningoencephalitis with sequelae that include cognitive disorders and paralysis. While less than 30% of patients with clinical symptoms develop meningoencephalitis, the number of seropositive individuals in some regions indicates a much higher prevalence of TBEV infections, either with no or subclinical symptoms. The functional relevance of these subclinical TBEV infections and their influence on brain functions, such as learning and memory, has not been investigated so far. Methods To compare the effect of low and high viral replication in the brain, wildtype and Irf-7−/− mice were infected with Langat virus (LGTV), which belongs to the TBEV-serogroup. The viral burden was analyzed in the olfactory bulb and the hippocampus. Open field, elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze experiments were performed to determine the impact on anxiety-like behavior, learning, and memory formation. Spine density of hippocampal neurons and activation of microglia and astrocytes were analyzed. Results In contrast to susceptible Irf-7−/− mice, wildtype mice showed no disease signs upon LGTV infection. Detection of viral RNA in the olfactory bulb revealed CNS infections in wildtype and Irf-7−/− mice. Very low levels of viral replication were detectable in the hippocampus of wildtype mice. Although wildtype mice develop no disease signs, they showed reduced anxiety-like behavior and impaired memory formation, whereas Irf-7−/− mice were not affected. This impairment was associated with a significant decrease in spine density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of wildtype mice. Microglia activation and astrogliosis were detected in the hippocampus. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrate that subclinical infections by viruses from the TBEV-serogroup affected anxiety-like behavior. Virus replication in the olfactory bulb induced far-reaching effects on hippocampal neuron morphology and impaired hippocampus-dependent learning and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D A Cornelius
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Present Address: Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sarah Schreier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Fritzsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Loreen Weichert
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Fendt
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Gesundheitscampus Immunologie, Infektiologie und Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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36
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Béland LC, Markovinovic A, Jakovac H, De Marchi F, Bilic E, Mazzini L, Kriz J, Munitic I. Immunity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: blurred lines between excessive inflammation and inefficient immune responses. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa124. [PMID: 33134918 PMCID: PMC7585698 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite wide genetic, environmental and clinical heterogeneity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease targeting motoneurons, neuroinflammation is a common finding. It is marked by local glial activation, T cell infiltration and systemic immune system activation. The immune system has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, hence some of them, including some types of cancer, are successfully targeted by immunotherapeutic approaches. However, various anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive therapies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have failed. This prompted increased scrutiny over the immune-mediated processes underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Perhaps the biggest conundrum is that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis exhibits features of three otherwise distinct immune dysfunctions-excessive inflammation, autoimmunity and inefficient immune responses. Epidemiological and genome-wide association studies show only minimal overlap between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and autoimmune diseases, so excessive inflammation is usually thought to be secondary to protein aggregation, mitochondrial damage or other stresses. In contrast, several recently characterized amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked mutations, including those in TBK1, OPTN, CYLD and C9orf72, could lead to inefficient immune responses and/or damage pile-up, suggesting that an innate immunodeficiency may also be a trigger and/or modifier of this disease. In such cases, non-selective immunosuppression would further restrict neuroprotective immune responses. Here we discuss multiple layers of immune-mediated neuroprotection and neurotoxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Particular focus is placed on individual patient mutations that directly or indirectly affect the immune system, and the mechanisms by which these mutations influence disease progression. The topic of immunity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is timely and relevant, because it is one of the few common and potentially malleable denominators in this heterogenous disease. Importantly, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis progression has recently been intricately linked to patient T cell and monocyte profiles, as well as polymorphisms in cytokine and chemokine receptors. For this reason, precise patient stratification based on immunophenotyping will be crucial for efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Markovinovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- ENCALS Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Jakovac
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Neurology, ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ervina Bilic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- ENCALS Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology, ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Ivana Munitic
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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37
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Schwartz M, Peralta Ramos JM, Ben-Yehuda H. A 20-Year Journey from Axonal Injury to Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Prospect of Immunotherapy for Combating Alzheimer's Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:243-250. [PMID: 31907265 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the dialogue between the brain and the immune system has undergone dramatic changes over the last two decades, with immense impact on the perception of neurodegenerative diseases, mental dysfunction, and many other brain pathologic conditions. Accumulated results have suggested that optimal function of the brain is dependent on support from the immune system, provided that this immune response is tightly controlled. Moreover, in contrast to the previous prevailing dogma, it is now widely accepted that circulating immune cells are needed for coping with brain pathologies and that their optimal effect is dependent on their type, location, and activity. In this perspective, we describe our own scientific journey, reviewing the milestones in attaining this understanding of the brain-immune axis integrated with numerous related studies by others. We then explain their significance in demonstrating the possibility of harnessing the immune system in a well-controlled manner for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Schwartz
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142; and .,Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Hila Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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38
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Geirsdottir L, David E, Keren-Shaul H, Weiner A, Bohlen SC, Neuber J, Balic A, Giladi A, Sheban F, Dutertre CA, Pfeifle C, Peri F, Raffo-Romero A, Vizioli J, Matiasek K, Scheiwe C, Meckel S, Mätz-Rensing K, van der Meer F, Thormodsson FR, Stadelmann C, Zilkha N, Kimchi T, Ginhoux F, Ulitsky I, Erny D, Amit I, Prinz M. Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Divergence of the Primate Microglia Program. Cell 2020; 179:1609-1622.e16. [PMID: 31835035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the brain-resident immune cells, are critically involved in many physiological and pathological brain processes, including neurodegeneration. Here we characterize microglia morphology and transcriptional programs across ten species spanning more than 450 million years of evolution. We find that microglia express a conserved core gene program of orthologous genes from rodents to humans, including ligands and receptors associated with interactions between glia and neurons. In most species, microglia show a single dominant transcriptional state, whereas human microglia display significant heterogeneity. In addition, we observed notable differences in several gene modules of rodents compared with primate microglia, including complement, phagocytic, and susceptibility genes to neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Our study provides an essential resource of conserved and divergent microglia pathways across evolution, with important implications for future development of microglia-based therapies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laufey Geirsdottir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Life Science Core Facility-Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (G-INCPM), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Weiner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Jana Neuber
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adam Balic
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Fadi Sheban
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine Pfeifle
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Ploen, Germany
| | - Francesca Peri
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Raffo-Romero
- Universite Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, Lille, France
| | - Jacopo Vizioli
- Universite Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, Lille, France
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Scheiwe
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Meckel
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mätz-Rensing
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Noga Zilkha
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Kimchi
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, the Academia, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Erny
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Domowicz MS, Chan WC, Claudio-Vázquez P, Henry JG, Ware CB, Andrade J, Dawson G, Schwartz NB. Global Brain Transcriptome Analysis of a Tpp1 Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses Mouse Model. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419843393. [PMID: 31003587 PMCID: PMC6475859 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419843393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, homozygous mutations in the TPP1 gene results in loss
of tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) enzymatic activity, leading to late infantile
neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses disease. Using a mouse model that targets the
Tpp1 gene and recapitulates the pathology and clinical
features of the human disease, we analyzed end-stage (4 months) transcriptional
changes associated with lack of TPP1 activity. Using RNA sequencing technology,
Tpp1 expression changes in the forebrain/midbrain and
cerebellum of 4-month-old homozygotes were compared with strain-related
controls. Transcriptional changes were found in 510 and 1,550 gene transcripts
in forebrain/midbrain and cerebellum, respectively, from
Tpp1-deficient brain tissues when compared with age-matched
controls. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes using the Ingenuity™
pathway software, revealed increased neuroinflammation activity in microglia and
astrocytes that could lead to neuronal dysfunction, particularly in the
cerebellum. We also observed upregulation in the production of nitric oxide and
reactive oxygen species; activation of leukocyte extravasation signals and
complement pathways; and downregulation of major transcription factors involved
in control of circadian rhythm. Several of these expression changes were
confirmed by independent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histological
analysis by mRNA in situ hybridization, which allowed for an
in-depth anatomical analysis of the pathology and provided independent
confirmation of at least two of the major networks affected in this model. The
identification of differentially expressed genes has revealed new lines of
investigation for this complex disorder that may lead to novel therapeutic
targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Domowicz
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wen-Ching Chan
- 2 Center for Research Informatics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Judith G Henry
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher B Ware
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jorge Andrade
- 2 Center for Research Informatics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Glyn Dawson
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy B Schwartz
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA.,3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
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40
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Ben-Yehuda H, Matcovitch-Natan O, Kertser A, Spinrad A, Prinz M, Amit I, Schwartz M. Maternal Type-I interferon signaling adversely affects the microglia and the behavior of the offspring accompanied by increased sensitivity to stress. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1050-1067. [PMID: 31772304 PMCID: PMC7192855 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection during pregnancy is often associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. In mice, exposure of pregnant dams to the viral mimetic poly(I:C), serves as a model that simulates such pathology in the offspring, through a process known as Maternal Immune Activation (MIA). To investigate the mechanism of such effect, we hypothesized that maternal upregulation of Type-I interferon (IFN-I), as part of the dam's antiviral response, might contribute to the damage imposed on the offspring. Using mRNA sequencing and flow cytometry analyses we found that poly(I:C) treatment during pregnancy caused reduced expression of genes related to proliferation and cell cycle in the offspring's microglia relative to controls. This was found to be associated with an IFN-I signature in the embryonic yolk sac, the origin of microglia in development. Neutralizing IFN-I signaling in dams attenuated the effect of MIA on the newborn's microglia, while systemic maternal administration of IFNβ was sufficient to mimic the effect of poly(I:C), and led to increased vulnerability of offspring's microglia to subsequent stress. Furthermore, maternal elevation of IFNβ resulted in behavioral manifestations reminiscent of neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, by adopting a "two-hit" experimental paradigm, we show a higher sensitivity of the offspring to postnatal stress subsequent to the maternal IFNβ elevation, demonstrated by behavioral irregularities. Our results suggest that maternal upregulation of IFN-I, in response to MIA, interferes with the offspring's programmed microglial developmental cascade, increases their susceptibility to postnatal stress, and leads to behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orit Matcovitch-Natan
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Kertser
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Spinrad
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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41
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Werner Y, Mass E, Ashok Kumar P, Ulas T, Händler K, Horne A, Klee K, Lupp A, Schütz D, Saaber F, Redecker C, Schultze JL, Geissmann F, Stumm R. Cxcr4 distinguishes HSC-derived monocytes from microglia and reveals monocyte immune responses to experimental stroke. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:351-362. [PMID: 32042176 PMCID: PMC7523735 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophages are ontogenetically distinct components of the innate immune system. Assessment of their respective functions in pathology is complicated by changes to the macrophage phenotype during inflammation. Here we find that Cxcr4-CreER enables permanent genetic labeling of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and distinguishes HSC-derived monocytes from microglia and other tissue-resident macrophages. By combining Cxcr4-CreER-mediated lineage tracing with Cxcr4 inhibition or conditional Cxcr4 ablation in photothrombotic stroke, we find that Cxcr4 promotes initial monocyte infiltration and subsequent territorial restriction of monocyte-derived macrophages to infarct tissue. After transient focal ischemia, Cxcr4 deficiency reduces monocyte infiltration and blunts the expression of pattern recognition and defense response genes in monocyte-derived macrophages. This is associated with an altered microglial response and deteriorated outcomes. Thus, Cxcr4 is essential for an innate-immune-system-mediated defense response after cerebral ischemia. We further propose Cxcr4-CreER as a universal tool to study functions of HSC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Werner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Praveen Ashok Kumar
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arik Horne
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klee
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schütz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Friederike Saaber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ralf Stumm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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42
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Jiang C, Wang Y, Hu Q, Shou J, Zhu L, Tian N, Sun L, Luo H, Zuo F, Li F, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang J. Immune changes in peripheral blood and hematoma of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. FASEB J 2020; 34:2774-2791. [PMID: 31912591 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902478r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunologic changes in the hematoma of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the contribution of these changes to prognosis are unknown. We collected the blood samples and hematoma fluid from 35 patients with acute ICH (<30 hours from symptom onset) and 55 age-matched healthy controls. Using flow cytometry and ELISA, we found that the percentages of granulocytes, regulatory T cells, helper T (Th) 17 cells, and dendritic cells were higher in the peripheral blood of patients with ICH than in healthy controls, whereas the percentages of lymphocytes, M1-like macrophages, and M2-like macrophages were lower. Levels of IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β were higher in the peripheral blood of patients with ICH. The absolute counts of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes in the hematoma tended to be greater at 12-30 hours than they were within 12 hours after ICH, but the percentage of Th cells decreased in peripheral blood. Increased levels of IL-10 in the serum and hematoma, and a reduction in M1-like macrophages in hematoma were independently associated with favorable outcome on day 90. These results indicate that immunocytes present in the hematoma may participate in the acute-phase inflammatory response after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Qiangfu Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jixin Shou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Ning Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Zuo
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, Maryland
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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43
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Shimoyama S, Furukawa T, Ogata Y, Nikaido Y, Koga K, Sakamoto Y, Ueno S, Nakamura K. Lipopolysaccharide induces mouse translocator protein (18 kDa) expression via the AP-1 complex in the microglial cell line, BV-2. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222861. [PMID: 31536603 PMCID: PMC6752844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that neuroinflammation occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with neuropathic pain, Alzheimer’s disease and autism spectrum disorder. The 18-kDa translocator protein TSPO is used as an imaging target in positron emission tomography to detect neuroinflammation, and its expression is correlated with microglial activation. However, the mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of Tspo induced by inflammation is not clear. Here, we revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced Tspo expression was activated by the AP-1 complex in a mouse microglial cell line, BV-2. Knockdown of c-Fos and c-Jun, the components of AP-1, reduced LPS-induced Tspo expression. Furthermore, the enrichment of Sp1 in the proximal promoter region of Tspo was increased in the presence of LPS. In addition, the binding of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the enhancer region, which contains the AP-1 site, was decreased by LPS treatment, but there were no significant differences in HDAC1 binding to the proximal promoter region with or without LPS. These results indicated that HDAC1 is involved not in the proximal promoter region but in the enhancer region. Our study revealed that inflammatory signals induce the recruitment of AP-1 to the enhancer region and Sp1 to the proximal promoter region of the Tspo gene and that Sp1 may regulate the basal expression of Tspo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Shimoyama
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomonori Furukawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ogata
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nikaido
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kohei Koga
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yui Sakamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- * E-mail:
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44
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Glial inhibitors only reverse mechanical hypersensitivity in male mice subjected to arthritis. No obvious arthritis-related transcriptional difference was identified between male and female spinal microglia. Recent studies have suggested a sexually dimorphic role of spinal glial cells in the maintenance of mechanical hypersensitivity in rodent models of chronic pain. We have used the collagen antibody–induced arthritis (CAIA) mouse model to examine differences between males and females in the context of spinal regulation of arthritis-induced pain. We have focused on the late phase of this model when joint inflammation has resolved, but mechanical hypersensitivity persists. Although the intensity of substance P, calcitonin gene–related peptide, and galanin immunoreactivity in the spinal cord was not different from controls, the intensity of microglia (Iba-1) and astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein) markers was elevated in both males and females. Intrathecal administration of the glial inhibitors minocycline and pentoxifylline reversed mechanical thresholds in male, but not in female mice. We isolated resident microglia from the lumbar dorsal horns and observed a significantly lower number of microglial cells in females by flow cytometry analysis. However, although genome-wide RNA sequencing results pointed to several transcriptional differences between male and female microglia, no convincing differences were identified between control and CAIA groups. Taken together, these findings suggest that there are subtle sex differences in microglial expression profiles independent of arthritis. Our experiments failed to identify the underlying mRNA correlates of microglial actions in the late phase of the CAIA model. It is likely that transcriptional changes are either subtle and highly localised and therefore difficult to identify with bulk isolation techniques or that other factors, such as changes in protein expression or epigenetic modifications, are at play.
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45
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Meinhardt A, Wang M, Schulz C, Bhushan S. Microenvironmental signals govern the cellular identity of testicular macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 104:757-766. [PMID: 30265772 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0318-086rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular macrophages (TM) comprise the largest immune cell population in the mammalian testis. They are characterized by a subdued proinflammatory response upon adequate stimulation, and a polarization toward the immunoregulatory and immunotolerant M2 phenotype. This enables them to play a relevant role in supporting the archetypical functions of the testis, namely spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. During infection, the characteristic blunted immune response of TM reflects the need for a delicate balance between a sufficiently strong reaction to counteract invading pathogens, and the prevention of excessive proinflammatory cytokine levels with the potential to disturb or destroy spermatogenesis. Local microenvironmental factors that determine the special phenotype of TM have just begun to be unraveled, and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Meinhardt
- Unit of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ming Wang
- Unit of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Unit of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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46
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Zhu H, Wang Z, Yu J, Yang X, He F, Liu Z, Che F, Chen X, Ren H, Hong M, Wang J. Role and mechanisms of cytokines in the secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 178:101610. [PMID: 30923023 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and severe cerebrovascular disease that has high mortality. Few survivors achieve self-care. Currently, patients receive only symptomatic treatment for ICH and benefit poorly from this regimen. Inflammatory cytokines are important participants in secondary injury after ICH. Increases in proinflammatory cytokines may aggravate the tissue injury, whereas increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines might be protective in the ICH brain. Inflammatory cytokines have been studied as therapeutic targets in a variety of acute and chronic brain diseases; however, studies on ICH are limited. This review summarizes the roles and functions of various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in secondary brain injury after ICH and discusses pathogenic mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies and directions for treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Central laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China
| | - Jixu Yu
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China; Central laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China; Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xiuli Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Feng He
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China
| | - Zhenchuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China.
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China; Central laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, China.
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Honglei Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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47
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Yong HYF, Rawji KS, Ghorbani S, Xue M, Yong VW. The benefits of neuroinflammation for the repair of the injured central nervous system. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:540-546. [PMID: 30874626 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the nervous system (neuroinflammation) is now recognized as a hallmark of virtually all neurological disorders. In neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis, there is prominent infiltration and a long-lasting representation of various leukocyte subsets in the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma. Even in classic neurodegenerative disorders, where such immense inflammatory infiltrates are absent, there is still evidence of activated CNS-intrinsic microglia. The consequences of excessive and uncontrolled neuroinflammation are injury and death to neural elements, which manifest as a heterogeneous set of neurological symptoms. However, it is now readily acknowledged, due to instructive studies from the peripheral nervous system and a large body of CNS literature, that aspects of the neuroinflammatory response can be beneficial for CNS outcomes. The recognized benefits of inflammation to the CNS include the preservation of CNS constituents (neuroprotection), the proliferation and maturation of various neural precursor populations, axonal regeneration, and the reformation of myelin on denuded axons. Herein, we highlight the benefits of neuroinflammation in fostering CNS recovery after neural injury using examples from multiple sclerosis, traumatic spinal cord injury, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. We focus on CNS regenerative responses, such as neurogenesis, axonal regeneration, and remyelination, and discuss the mechanisms by which neuroinflammation is pro-regenerative for the CNS. Finally, we highlight treatment strategies that harness the benefits of neuroinflammation for CNS regenerative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mengzhou Xue
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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48
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Abstract
Emerging results support the concept that Alzheimer disease (AD) and age-related dementia are affected by the ability of the immune system to contain the brain's pathology. Accordingly, well-controlled boosting, rather than suppression of systemic immunity, has been suggested as a new approach to modify disease pathology without directly targeting any of the brain's disease hallmarks. Here, we provide a short review of the mechanisms orchestrating the cross-talk between the brain and the immune system. We then discuss how immune checkpoint blockade directed against the PD-1/PD-L1 pathways could be developed as an immunotherapeutic approach to combat this disease using a regimen that will address the needs to combat AD.
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49
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Schultz KLW, Troisi EM, Baxter VK, Glowinski R, Griffin DE. Interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7 have distinct roles in the pathogenesis of alphavirus encephalomyelitis. J Gen Virol 2018; 100:46-62. [PMID: 30451651 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRFs) are important determinants of the innate response to infection. We evaluated the role(s) of combined and individual IRF deficiencies in the outcome of infection of C57BL/6 mice with Sindbis virus, an alphavirus that infects neurons and causes encephalomyelitis. The brain and spinal cord levels of Irf7, but not Irf3 mRNAs, were increased after infection. IRF3/5/7-/- and IRF3/7-/- mice died within 3-4 days with uncontrolled virus replication, similar to IFNα receptor-deficient mice, while all wild-type (WT) mice recovered. IRF3-/- and IRF7-/- mice had brain levels of IFNα that were lower, but brain and spinal cord levels of IFNβ and IFN-stimulated gene mRNAs that were similar to or higher than WT mice without detectable serum IFN or increases in Ifna or Ifnb mRNAs in the lymph nodes, indicating that the differences in outcome were not due to deficiencies in the central nervous system (CNS) type I IFN response. IRF3-/- mice developed persistent neurological deficits and had more spinal cord inflammation and higher CNS levels of Il1b and Ifnγ mRNAs than WT mice, but all mice survived. IRF7-/- mice died 5-8 days after infection with rapidly progressive paralysis and differed from both WT and IRF3-/- mice in the induction of higher CNS levels of IFNβ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α and Cxcl13 mRNA, delayed virus clearance and more extensive cell death. Therefore, fatal disease in IRF7-/- mice is likely due to immune-mediated neurotoxicity associated with failure to regulate the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L W Schultz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,†Present address: Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Troisi
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Victoria K Baxter
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,‡Present address: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rebecca Glowinski
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,§Present address: Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Diane E Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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50
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Rubino SJ, Mayo L, Wimmer I, Siedler V, Brunner F, Hametner S, Madi A, Lanser A, Moreira T, Donnelly D, Cox L, Rezende RM, Butovsky O, Lassmann H, Weiner HL. Acute microglia ablation induces neurodegeneration in the somatosensory system. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4578. [PMID: 30385785 PMCID: PMC6212411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that microglia depletion leads to impairment of synapse formation and these cells rapidly repopulate from CNS progenitors. However, the impact of microglia depletion and repopulation in the long-term state of the CNS environment has not been characterized. Here, we report that acute and synchronous microglia depletion and subsequent repopulation induces gray matter microgliosis, neuronal death in the somatosensory cortex and ataxia-like behavior. We find a type 1 interferon inflammatory signature in degenerating somatosensory cortex from microglia-depleted mice. Transcriptomic and mass cytometry analysis of repopulated microglia demonstrates an interferon regulatory factor 7-driven activation state. Minocycline and anti-IFNAR1 antibody treatment attenuate the CNS type 1 interferon-driven inflammation, restore microglia homeostasis and reduce ataxic behavior. Neither microglia depletion nor repopulation impact neuropathology or T-cell responses during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Together, we found that acute microglia ablation induces a type 1 interferon activation state of gray matter microglia associated with acute neurodegeneration. Previous studies have shown that depletion of microglia at early developmental stages leads to neuronal death. Here the authors use an inducible system to ablate microglia in adulthood, showing that such depletion leads to ataxia-like behavior and neuronal loss, and identifying the inflammatory components that may contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Rubino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Lior Mayo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Isabella Wimmer
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Victoria Siedler
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Florian Brunner
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Simon Hametner
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Asaf Madi
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Amanda Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Thais Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Dustin Donnelly
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Laura Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Rafael Machado Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA. .,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
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