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Wolf SP, Anastasopoulou V, Drousch K, Diehl MI, Engels B, Yew PY, Kiyotani K, Nakamura Y, Schreiber K, Schreiber H, Leisegang M. One CD4+TCR and One CD8+TCR Targeting Autochthonous Neoantigens Are Essential and Sufficient for Tumor Eradication. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1642-1654. [PMID: 38190111 PMCID: PMC11018470 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To achieve eradication of solid tumors, we examined how many neoantigens need to be targeted with how many T-cell receptors (TCR) by which type of T cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Unmanipulated, naturally expressed (autochthonous) neoantigens were targeted with adoptively transferred TCR-engineered autologous T cells (TCR-therapy). TCR-therapy used CD8+ T-cell subsets engineered with TCRs isolated from CD8+ T cells (CD8+TCR-therapy), CD4+ T-cell subsets engineered with TCRs isolated from CD4+ T cells (CD4+TCR-therapy), or combinations of both. The targeted tumors were established for at least 3 weeks and derived from primary autochthonous cancer cell cultures, resembling natural solid tumors and their heterogeneity as found in humans. RESULTS Relapse was common with CD8+TCR-therapy even when targeting multiple different autochthonous neoantigens on heterogeneous solid tumors. CD8+TCR-therapy was only effective against homogenous tumors artificially derived from a cancer cell clone. In contrast, a combination of CD8+TCR-therapy with CD4+TCR-therapy, each targeting one neoantigen, eradicated large and established solid tumors of natural heterogeneity. CD4+TCR-therapy targeted a mutant neoantigen on tumor stroma while direct cancer cell recognition by CD8+TCR-therapy was essential for cure. In vitro data were consistent with elimination of cancer cells requiring a four-cell cluster composed of TCR-engineered CD4+ and CD8+ T cells together with antigen-presenting cells and cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Two cancer-specific TCRs can be essential and sufficient to eradicate heterogeneous solid tumors expressing unmanipulated, autochthonous targets. We demonstrate that simplifications to adoptive TCR-therapy are possible without compromising efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Wolf
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Vasiliki Anastasopoulou
- Institute of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kimberley Drousch
- Institute of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus I. Diehl
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Boris Engels
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Poh Yin Yew
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Karin Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, Committee on Immunology and the Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- These authors contributed equally as senior authors
| | - Matthias Leisegang
- David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Institute of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- These authors contributed equally as senior authors
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Michaud ME, Mota L, Bakhtiari M, Thomas BE, Tomeo J, Pilcher W, Contreras M, Ferran C, Bhasin S, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, LoGerfo FW, Liang P, Bhasin MK. Integrated single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveals propagation of early acute vein harvest and distension injury signaling pathways following arterial implantation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.31.564995. [PMID: 37961724 PMCID: PMC10635041 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.564995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Vein graft failure (VGF) following cardiovascular bypass surgery results in significant patient morbidity and cost to the healthcare system. Vein graft injury can occur during autogenous vein harvest and preparation, as well as after implantation into the arterial system, leading to the development of intimal hyperplasia, vein graft stenosis, and, ultimately, bypass graft failure. While previous studies have identified maladaptive pathways that occur shortly after implantation, the specific signaling pathways that occur during vein graft preparation are not well defined and may result in a cumulative impact on VGF. We, therefore, aimed to elucidate the response of the vein conduit wall during harvest and following implantation, probing the key maladaptive pathways driving graft failure with the overarching goal of identifying therapeutic targets for biologic intervention to minimize these natural responses to surgical vein graft injury. Methods Employing a novel approach to investigating vascular pathologies, we harnessed both single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) analyses to profile the genomic effects of vein grafts after harvest and distension, then compared these findings to vein grafts obtained 24 hours after carotid-cartoid vein bypass implantation in a canine model (n=4). Results Spatial transcriptomic analysis of canine cephalic vein after initial conduit harvest and distention revealed significant enrichment of pathways (P < 0.05) involved in the activation of endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts (FBs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), namely pathways responsible for cellular proliferation and migration and platelet activation across the intimal and medial layers, cytokine signaling within the adventitial layer, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling throughout the vein wall. Subsequent snRNA-seq analysis supported these findings and further unveiled distinct EC and FB subpopulations with significant upregulation (P < 0.00001) of markers related to endothelial injury response and cellular activation of ECs, FBs, and VSMCs. Similarly, in vein grafts obtained 24 hours after arterial bypass, there was an increase in myeloid cell, protomyofibroblast, injury-response EC, and mesenchymal-transitioning EC subpopulations with a concomitant decrease in homeostatic ECs and fibroblasts. Among these markers were genes previously implicated in vein graft injury, including VCAN (versican), FBN1 (fibrillin-1), and VEGFC (vascular endothelial growth factor C), in addition to novel genes of interest such as GLIS3 (GLIS family zinc finger 3) and EPHA3 (ephrin-A3). These genes were further noted to be driving the expression of genes implicated in vascular remodeling and graft failure, such as IL-6, TGFBR1, SMAD4, and ADAMTS9. By integrating the ST and snRNA-seq datasets, we highlighted the spatial architecture of the vein graft following distension, wherein activated and mesenchymal-transitioning ECs, myeloid cells, and FBs were notably enriched in the intima and media of distended veins. Lastly, intercellular communication network analysis unveiled the critical roles of activated ECs, mesenchymal transitioning ECs, protomyofibroblasts, and VSMCs in upregulating signaling pathways associated with cellular proliferation (MDK, PDGF, VEGF), transdifferentiation (Notch), migration (ephrin, semaphorin), ECM remodeling (collagen, laminin, fibronectin), and inflammation (thrombospondin), following distension. Conclusions Vein conduit harvest and distension elicit a prompt genomic response facilitated by distinct cellular subpopulations heterogeneously distributed throughout the vein wall. This response was found to be further exacerbated following vein graft implantation, resulting in a cascade of maladaptive gene regulatory networks. Together, these results suggest that distension initiates the upregulation of pathological pathways that may ultimately contribute to bypass graft failure and presents potential early targets warranting investigation for targeted therapies. This work highlights the first applications of single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic analyses to investigate venous pathologies, underscoring the utility of these methodologies and providing a foundation for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E. Michaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lucas Mota
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mojtaba Bakhtiari
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Beena E. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John Tomeo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - William Pilcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Swati Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Frank W. LoGerfo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patric Liang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Manoj K. Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Sandeep P, Sharma P, Luhach K, Dhiman N, Kharkwal H, Sharma B. Neuron navigators: A novel frontier with physiological and pathological implications. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 127:103905. [PMID: 37972804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron navigators are microtubule plus-end tracking proteins containing basic and serine rich regions which are encoded by neuron navigator genes (NAVs). Neuron navigator proteins are essential for neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration, and overall neurodevelopment along with some other functions as well. The navigator proteins are substantially expressed in the developing brain and have been reported to be differentially expressed in various tissues at different ages. Over the years, the research has found neuron navigators to be implicated in a spectrum of pathological conditions such as developmental anomalies, neurodegenerative disorders, neuropathic pain, anxiety, cancers, and certain inflammatory conditions. The existing knowledge about neuron navigators remains sparse owing to their differential functions, undiscovered modulators, and unknown molecular mechanisms. Investigating the possible role of neuron navigators in various physiological processes and pathological conditions pose as a novel field that requires extensive research and might provide novel mechanistic insights and understanding of these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Sandeep
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Kanishk Luhach
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Neerupma Dhiman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Harsha Kharkwal
- Amity Natural and Herbal Product Research, Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
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4
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Bugaeva O, Maliniemi P, Prestvik WS, Leivo E, Kluger N, Salava A, Virtanen S, Jäntti K, Saksela O, Lehti K, Kujala P, Krohn K, Ranki A. Tumour Suppressor Neuron Navigator 3 and Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 are Co-expressed in Most Melanomas but Downregulated in Thick Tumours. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv00883. [PMID: 36883877 PMCID: PMC10010123 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic tumour originating from neural crest-derived melanocytes. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) in relation to membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase MMP14, a major regulator of invasion, in 40 primary melanomas, 15 benign naevi and 2 melanoma cell lines. NAV3 copy number changes were found in 18/27 (67%) primary melanomas, so that deletions dominated (16/27 of samples, 59%). NAV3 protein was found to be localized at the leading edge of migrating melanoma cells in vitro. Silencing of NAV3 reduced both melanoma cell migration in 2-dimensional conditions, as well as sprouting in 3-dimensional collagen I. NAV3 protein expression correlated with MMP14 in 26/37 (70%) primary melanomas. NAV3 and MMP14 were co-expressed in all tumours with Breslow thickness < 1 mm, in 11/23 of mid-thickness tumours (1-5 mm), but in only 1/6 samples of thick (> 5 mm) melanomas. Altogether, NAV3 number changes are frequent in melanomas, and NAV3 and MMP14, while expressed in all thin melanomas, are often downregulated in thicker tumours, suggesting that the lack of both NAV3 and MMP14 favours melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bugaeva
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pilvi Maliniemi
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,
| | - Wenche S Prestvik
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eeva Leivo
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexander Salava
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kirsi Jäntti
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Saksela
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kaj Krohn
- Clinical Research Institute HUCH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Legátová A, Pelantová M, Rösel D, Brábek J, Škarková A. The emerging role of microtubules in invasion plasticity. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1118171. [PMID: 36860323 PMCID: PMC9969133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1118171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to switch between different invasive modes during metastasis, also known as invasion plasticity, is an important characteristic of tumor cells that makes them able to resist treatment targeted to a particular invasion mode. Due to the rapid changes in cell morphology during the transition between mesenchymal and amoeboid invasion, it is evident that this process requires remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Although the role of the actin cytoskeleton in cell invasion and plasticity is already quite well described, the contribution of microtubules is not yet fully clarified. It is not easy to infer whether destabilization of microtubules leads to higher invasiveness or the opposite since the complex microtubular network acts differently in diverse invasive modes. While mesenchymal migration typically requires microtubules at the leading edge of migrating cells to stabilize protrusions and form adhesive structures, amoeboid invasion is possible even in the absence of long, stable microtubules, albeit there are also cases of amoeboid cells where microtubules contribute to effective migration. Moreover, complex crosstalk of microtubules with other cytoskeletal networks participates in invasion regulation. Altogether, microtubules play an important role in tumor cell plasticity and can be therefore targeted to affect not only cell proliferation but also invasive properties of migrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Legátová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Markéta Pelantová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia
| | - Aneta Škarková
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Vestec u Prahy, Czechia,*Correspondence: Aneta Škarková,
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6
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Powers RM, Hevner RF, Halpain S. The Neuron Navigators: Structure, function, and evolutionary history. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1099554. [PMID: 36710926 PMCID: PMC9877351 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1099554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron navigators (Navigators) are cytoskeletal-associated proteins important for neuron migration, neurite growth, and axon guidance, but they also function more widely in other tissues. Recent studies have revealed novel cellular functions of Navigators such as macropinocytosis, and have implicated Navigators in human disorders of axon growth. Navigators are present in most or all bilaterian animals: vertebrates have three Navigators (NAV1-3), Drosophila has one (Sickie), and Caenorhabditis elegans has one (Unc-53). Structurally, Navigators have conserved N- and C-terminal regions each containing specific domains. The N-terminal region contains a calponin homology (CH) domain and one or more SxIP motifs, thought to interact with the actin cytoskeleton and mediate localization to microtubule plus-end binding proteins, respectively. The C-terminal region contains two coiled-coil domains, followed by a AAA+ family nucleoside triphosphatase domain of unknown activity. The Navigators appear to have evolved by fusion of N- and C-terminal region homologs present in simpler organisms. Overall, Navigators participate in the cytoskeletal response to extracellular cues via microtubules and actin filaments, in conjunction with membrane trafficking. We propose that uptake of fluid-phase cues and nutrients and/or downregulation of cell surface receptors could represent general mechanisms that explain Navigator functions. Future studies developing new models, such as conditional knockout mice or human cerebral organoids may reveal new insights into Navigator function. Importantly, further biochemical studies are needed to define the activities of the Navigator AAA+ domain, and to study potential interactions among different Navigators and their binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M. Powers
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Robert F. Hevner
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Pathology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Shelley Halpain, ✉
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NAV3 Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker Affecting the Immune Status of the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8337048. [PMID: 35812247 PMCID: PMC9262578 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8337048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the development of CRC. With the deep understanding of TME function, growing studies have demonstrated that alteration in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and gene expressions are associated with clinical outcomes of various tumors. In this study, we aimed to recognize critical prognostic genes involved in immune states in TME of CRC. Hence, the proportion of TICs and the number of immune and stromal components in CRC samples from TCGA datasets were calculated by the use of CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE calculation methods. Different assays were applied to collect differential expression genes (DEGs) shared by the ImmuneScore and StromalScore. DEGs were further analyzed by the use of univariate Cox regression. Our attention focused on neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) which was highly expressed in CRC specimens and associated with an advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis of CRC patients. KEGG assays revealed that NAV3 may be involved in Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington disease, FoxO signaling pathway, and human papillomavirus infection. Correlation assays showed that macrophage M0 and B cells memory, NK cells activated, dendritic cells resting, T cells CD4 memory activated, and T cells CD8 were correlated with NAV3 expression, indicating that NAV3 may represent the immune status of TME. Finally, RT-PCR confirmed that NAV3 expression was distinctly increased in CRC cells, and its knockdown suppressed the proliferation of CRC cells. Overall, NAV3 could be used as a novel predictor for TME of CRC and might be a novel prognostic biomarker. In the future, drugs targeting NAV3 might be developed as a potential immunotherapy for CRC patients.
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8
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Lv F, Ge X, Qian P, Lu X, Liu D, Chen C. Neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) is required for heart development in zebrafish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:173-183. [PMID: 35039994 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a tightly controlled biological process, cardiogenesis requires the specification and migration of a suite of cell types to form a particular three-dimensional configuration of the heart. Many genetic factors are involved in the formation and maturation of the heart, and any genetic mutations may result in severe cardiac failures. The neuron navigator (NAV) family consists of three vertebrate homologs (NAV1, NAV2, and NAV3) of the neural guidance molecule uncoordinated-53 (UNC-53) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Although they are recognized as neural regulators, their expressions are also detected in many organs, including the heart, kidney, and liver. However, the functions of NAVs, regardless of neural guidance, remain largely unexplored. In our study, we found that nav3 gene was expressed in the cardiac region of zebrafish embryos from 24 to 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) by means of in situ hybridization (ISH) assay. A CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing method was utilized to delete the nav3 gene in zebrafish and loss of function of Nav3 resulted in a severe deficiency in its cardiac morphology and structure. The similar phenotypic defects of the knockout mutants could recur by nav3 morpholino injection and be rescued by nav3 mRNA injection. Dual-color fluorescence imaging of ventricle and atrium markers further confirmed the disruption of the heart development in nav3-deleted mutants. Although the heart rate was not affected by the deletion of nav3, the heartbeat intensity was decreased in the mutants. All these findings indicate that Nav3 was required for cardiogenesis in developing zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lv
- Nantong Science and Technology College, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ge
- Nantong Science and Technology College, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Peipei Qian
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Nantong Science and Technology College, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Science and Technology College, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Nantong Science and Technology College, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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9
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Izadi F, Sharpe BP, Breininger SP, Secrier M, Gibson J, Walker RC, Rahman S, Devonshire G, Lloyd MA, Walters ZS, Fitzgerald RC, Rose-Zerilli MJJ, Underwood TJ. Genomic Analysis of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3394. [PMID: 34298611 PMCID: PMC8308111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery is the standard of care for locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Unfortunately, response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is poor (20-37%), as is the overall survival benefit at five years (9%). The EAC genome is complex and heterogeneous between patients, and it is not yet understood whether specific mutational patterns may result in chemotherapy sensitivity or resistance. To identify associations between genomic events and response to NAC in EAC, a comparative genomic analysis was performed in 65 patients with extensive clinical and pathological annotation using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We defined response using Mandard Tumor Regression Grade (TRG), with responders classified as TRG1-2 (n = 27) and non-responders classified as TRG4-5 (n =38). We report a higher non-synonymous mutation burden in responders (median 2.08/Mb vs. 1.70/Mb, p = 0.036) and elevated copy number variation in non-responders (282 vs. 136/patient, p < 0.001). We identified copy number variants unique to each group in our cohort, with cell cycle (CDKN2A, CCND1), c-Myc (MYC), RTK/PIK3 (KRAS, EGFR) and gastrointestinal differentiation (GATA6) pathway genes being specifically altered in non-responders. Of note, NAV3 mutations were exclusively present in the non-responder group with a frequency of 22%. Thus, lower mutation burden, higher chromosomal instability and specific copy number alterations are associated with resistance to NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Izadi
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (F.I.); (B.P.S.); (S.P.B.); (J.G.); (R.C.W.); (S.R.); (M.A.L.); (Z.S.W.); (M.J.J.R.-Z.)
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Benjamin P. Sharpe
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (F.I.); (B.P.S.); (S.P.B.); (J.G.); (R.C.W.); (S.R.); (M.A.L.); (Z.S.W.); (M.J.J.R.-Z.)
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stella P. Breininger
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (F.I.); (B.P.S.); (S.P.B.); (J.G.); (R.C.W.); (S.R.); (M.A.L.); (Z.S.W.); (M.J.J.R.-Z.)
| | - Maria Secrier
- UCL Genetics Institute, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Jane Gibson
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (F.I.); (B.P.S.); (S.P.B.); (J.G.); (R.C.W.); (S.R.); (M.A.L.); (Z.S.W.); (M.J.J.R.-Z.)
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Robert C. Walker
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (F.I.); (B.P.S.); (S.P.B.); (J.G.); (R.C.W.); (S.R.); (M.A.L.); (Z.S.W.); (M.J.J.R.-Z.)
| | - Saqib Rahman
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (F.I.); (B.P.S.); (S.P.B.); (J.G.); (R.C.W.); (S.R.); (M.A.L.); (Z.S.W.); (M.J.J.R.-Z.)
| | - Ginny Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK;
| | - Megan A. Lloyd
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (F.I.); (B.P.S.); (S.P.B.); (J.G.); (R.C.W.); (S.R.); (M.A.L.); (Z.S.W.); (M.J.J.R.-Z.)
| | - Zoë S. Walters
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (F.I.); (B.P.S.); (S.P.B.); (J.G.); (R.C.W.); (S.R.); (M.A.L.); (Z.S.W.); (M.J.J.R.-Z.)
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OXZ, UK;
| | - Matthew J. J. Rose-Zerilli
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (F.I.); (B.P.S.); (S.P.B.); (J.G.); (R.C.W.); (S.R.); (M.A.L.); (Z.S.W.); (M.J.J.R.-Z.)
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tim J. Underwood
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (F.I.); (B.P.S.); (S.P.B.); (J.G.); (R.C.W.); (S.R.); (M.A.L.); (Z.S.W.); (M.J.J.R.-Z.)
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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10
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Uribe ML, Marrocco I, Yarden Y. EGFR in Cancer: Signaling Mechanisms, Drugs, and Acquired Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112748. [PMID: 34206026 PMCID: PMC8197917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has served as the founding member of the large family of growth factor receptors harboring intrinsic tyrosine kinase function. High abundance of EGFR and large internal deletions are frequently observed in brain tumors, whereas point mutations and small insertions within the kinase domain are common in lung cancer. For these reasons EGFR and its preferred heterodimer partner, HER2/ERBB2, became popular targets of anti-cancer therapies. Nevertheless, EGFR research keeps revealing unexpected observations, which are reviewed herein. Once activated by a ligand, EGFR initiates a time-dependent series of molecular switches comprising downregulation of a large cohort of microRNAs, up-regulation of newly synthesized mRNAs, and covalent protein modifications, collectively controlling phenotype-determining genes. In addition to microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs play critical roles in EGFR signaling. Along with driver mutations, EGFR drives metastasis in many ways. Paracrine loops comprising tumor and stromal cells enable EGFR to fuel invasion across tissue barriers, survival of clusters of circulating tumor cells, as well as colonization of distant organs. We conclude by listing all clinically approved anti-cancer drugs targeting either EGFR or HER2. Because emergence of drug resistance is nearly inevitable, we discuss the major evasion mechanisms.
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11
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Benchmark of site- and structure-specific quantitative tissue N-glycoproteomics for discovery of potential N-glycoprotein markers: a case study of pancreatic cancer. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:213-231. [PMID: 33835347 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive tract that is difficult to diagnose and treat. It is more common in developed countries and has become one of the main causes of death in some countries and regions. Currently, pancreatic cancer generally has a poor prognosis, partly due to the lack of symptoms in the early stages of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, most cases are diagnosed at advanced stage. With the continuous in-depth research of glycoproteomics in precision medical diagnosis, there have been some reports on quantitative analysis of cancer-related cells, plasma or tissues to find specific biomarkers for targeted therapy. This research is based on the developed complete N-linked glycopeptide database search engine GPSeeker, combined with liquid-mass spectrometry and stable diethyl isotope labeling, providing a benchmark of site- and structure-specific quantitative tissue N-glycoproteomics for discovery of potential N-glycoprotein markers. With spectrum-level FDR ≤1%, 20,038 intact N-Glycopeptides corresponding to 4518 peptide backbones, 228 N-glycan monosaccharide compositions 1026 N-glycan putative structures, 4460 N-glycosites and 3437 intact N-glycoproteins were identified. With the criteria of ≥1.5-fold change and p value<0.05, 52 differentially expressed intact N-glycopeptides (DEGPs) were found in pancreatic cancer tussues relative to control, where 38 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated, respectively.
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12
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Raza S, Jokl E, Pritchett J, Martin K, Su K, Simpson K, Birchall L, Mullan AF, Athwal VS, Doherty DT, Zeef L, Henderson NC, Kalra PA, Hanley NA, Piper Hanley K. SOX9 is required for kidney fibrosis and activates NAV3 to drive renal myofibroblast function. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/672/eabb4282. [PMID: 33653921 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common end point for kidney injury and many chronic kidney diseases. Fibrogenesis depends on the sustained activation of myofibroblasts, which deposit the extracellular matrix that causes progressive scarring and organ failure. Here, we showed that the transcription factor SOX9 was associated with kidney fibrosis in humans and required for experimentally induced kidney fibrosis in mice. From genome-wide analysis, we identified Neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) as acting downstream of SOX9 in kidney fibrosis. NAV3 increased in abundance and colocalized with SOX9 after renal injury in mice, and both SOX9 and NAV3 were present in diseased human kidneys. In an in vitro model of renal pericyte transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, we demonstrated that NAV3 was required for multiple aspects of fibrogenesis, including actin polymerization linked to cell migration and sustained activation of the mechanosensitive transcription factor YAP1. In summary, our work identifies a SOX9-NAV3-YAP1 axis involved in the progression of kidney fibrosis and points to NAV3 as a potential target for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyid Raza
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Elliot Jokl
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - James Pritchett
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Katherine Martin
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Kim Su
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Kara Simpson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Lindsay Birchall
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Aoibheann F Mullan
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Varinder S Athwal
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Daniel T Doherty
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Leo Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip A Kalra
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, UK
| | - Neil A Hanley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karen Piper Hanley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. .,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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13
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Expanding cancer predisposition genes with ultra-rare cancer-exclusive human variations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13462. [PMID: 32778766 PMCID: PMC7418036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that up to 10% of cancer incidents are attributed to inherited genetic alterations. Despite extensive research, there are still gaps in our understanding of genetic predisposition to cancer. It was theorized that ultra-rare variants partially account for the missing heritable component. We harness the UK BioBank dataset of ~ 500,000 individuals, 14% of which were diagnosed with cancer, to detect ultra-rare, possibly high-penetrance cancer predisposition variants. We report on 115 cancer-exclusive ultra-rare variations and nominate 26 variants with additional independent evidence as cancer predisposition variants. We conclude that population cohorts are valuable source for expanding the collection of novel cancer predisposition genes.
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14
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Cell polarity and oncogenesis: common mutations contribute to altered cellular polarity and promote malignancy. THE NUCLEUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-020-00313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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15
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Noorani I, de la Rosa J, Choi YH, Strong A, Ponstingl H, Vijayabaskar MS, Lee J, Lee E, Richard-Londt A, Friedrich M, Furlanetto F, Fuente R, Banerjee R, Yang F, Law F, Watts C, Rad R, Vassiliou G, Kim JK, Santarius T, Brandner S, Bradley A. PiggyBac mutagenesis and exome sequencing identify genetic driver landscapes and potential therapeutic targets of EGFR-mutant gliomas. Genome Biol 2020; 21:181. [PMID: 32727536 PMCID: PMC7392733 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common intrinsic brain tumor and also occurs in the spinal cord. Activating EGFR mutations are common in IDH1 wild-type gliomas. However, the cooperative partners of EGFR driving gliomagenesis remain poorly understood. Results We explore EGFR-mutant glioma evolution in conditional mutant mice by whole-exome sequencing, transposon mutagenesis forward genetic screening, and transcriptomics. We show mutant EGFR is sufficient to initiate gliomagenesis in vivo, both in the brain and spinal cord. We identify significantly recurrent somatic alterations in these gliomas including mutant EGFR amplifications and Sub1, Trp53, and Tead2 loss-of-function mutations. Comprehensive functional characterization of 96 gliomas by genome-wide piggyBac insertional mutagenesis in vivo identifies 281 known and novel EGFR-cooperating driver genes, including Cdkn2a, Nf1, Spred1, and Nav3. Transcriptomics confirms transposon-mediated effects on expression of these genes. We validate the clinical relevance of new putative tumor suppressors by showing these are frequently altered in patients’ gliomas, with prognostic implications. We discover shared and distinct driver mutations in brain and spinal gliomas and confirm in vivo differential tumor suppressive effects of Pten between these tumors. Functional validation with CRISPR-Cas9-induced mutations in novel genes Tead2, Spred1, and Nav3 demonstrates heightened EGFRvIII-glioma cell proliferation. Chemogenomic analysis of mutated glioma genes reveals potential drug targets, with several investigational drugs showing efficacy in vitro. Conclusion Our work elucidates functional driver landscapes of EGFR-mutant gliomas, uncovering potential therapeutic strategies, and provides new tools for functional interrogation of gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Noorani
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Jorge de la Rosa
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Yoon Ha Choi
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,Department of New Biology, DGIST, 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Alexander Strong
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hannes Ponstingl
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M S Vijayabaskar
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jusung Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Eunmin Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Angela Richard-Londt
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, Mailbox 126, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Mathias Friedrich
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Federica Furlanetto
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Rocio Fuente
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ruby Banerjee
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Fengtang Yang
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Frances Law
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Colin Watts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Birmingham Brain Cancer Program, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roland Rad
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - George Vassiliou
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Thomas Santarius
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, Mailbox 126, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.
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16
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p73 - NAV3 axis plays a critical role in suppression of colon cancer metastasis. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 32029709 PMCID: PMC7005187 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
p73 is a member of the p53 tumor suppressor family, which transactivates p53-responsive genes and mediates DNA damage response. Recent evidences suggest that p73 exerts its tumor suppressor functions by suppressing metastasis, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, we identify Navigator-3 (NAV3), a microtubule-binding protein, as a novel transcriptional target of p73, which gets upregulated by DNA damage in a p73-dependent manner and plays a vital role in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. Induction of p73 in response to DNA damage leads to rapid increase in endogenous NAV3 mRNA and protein levels. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified two p73-binding sites in NAV3 promoter. Consistent with this, p73 binding to NAV3 promoter was confirmed through luciferase, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, and site-directed mutagenesis assays. Abrogation of NAV3 and p73 expression significantly increased the invasion and migration rate of colorectal cancer cells as confirmed by wound-healing, cell invasion, and cell migration assays. Also, knockdown of NAV3 decreased the expression of E-cadherin and increased the expression of other prominent mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin, and Fibronectin. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the downregulation of both NAV3 and p73 expression in metastatic colon cancer tissues as compared to non-metastatic cancer tissues. Additionally, the expression pattern of NAV3 and p73 showed extensively significant correlation in both non-metastatic and metastatic human colon cancer tissue samples. Taken together, our study provide conclusive evidence that Navigator-3 is a direct transcriptional target of p73 and plays crucial role in response to genotoxic stress in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis.
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17
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NAV3, a Tumor Suppressor Gene, Is Decreased in Uterine Leiomyoma Tissue and Cells. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:925-934. [PMID: 32046415 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NAV 3 is a tumor suppressor of unknown function in leiomyomas. The objective of this study is to assess NAV3 expression and its potential role in human uterine leiomyomas. NAV3 protein expression was examined in patient leiomyoma and patient-matched myometrial tissue samples by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. NAV3 mRNA and protein expression was assessed in leuprolide acetate- and cetrorelix-treated cell line leiomyoma samples. RNAseq analysis of placebo-treated leiomyoma compared with myometrium demonstrated the presence of transcripts encoding for several neuronal proteins. For NAV3, RNA sequence analysis demonstrated decreased expression in leiomyoma as compared with myometrium (0.86 ± 0.03 fold). Presence of NAV3 mRNA was also decreased in leiomyoma surgical samples (0.43 fold ± 0.05, p = 0.026) compared with patient-matched myometrium. Confirmatory qRT-PCR results on immortalized leiomyoma and myometrial cell lines similarly demonstrated a decrease in expression of NAV3 in leiomyomas (0.28 ± 0.02, p = 0.00075). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in NAV 3 protein in leiomyomas (H-score 154.7 ± 6.2) as compared with myometrium (H-score; 312.5 ± 14.7, p < 0.0001). Leuprolide acetate-treated leiomyoma cells demonstrated an increase in NAV 3 mRNA expression (1.53 ± 0.13, p < 0.0001). Similarly, Western blot analysis on leuprolide-treated leiomyoma cells showed a non-significant increase in NAV 3 protein expression (1.26 ± 0.09, p = 0.063). NAV 3, a tumor suppressor in numerous cancers, is decreased in leiomyoma cells and tissue compared with myometrium, and increased by GnRH analog treatment, suggesting that NAV3 may mediate steroid hormone-independent leiomyoma regulation by GnRH analogs.
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18
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Rodrigues-Ferreira S, Molina A, Nahmias C. Microtubule-associated tumor suppressors as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:267-273. [PMID: 31606824 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Although important therapeutic progress was achieved over the past decade, this disease remains a public health problem. In light of precision medicine, the identification of new prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer is urgently needed to stratify populations of patients with poor clinical outcome who may benefit from new personalized therapies. The microtubule cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in essential cellular functions and is an interesting target for cancer therapy. Microtubule assembly and dynamics are regulated by a wide range of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), some of which have oncogenic or tumor suppressor effects in breast cancer. RESULTS This review covers current knowledge on microtubule-associated tumor suppressors (MATS) in breast cancer and their potential value as prognostic biomarkers. We present recent studies showing that combinatorial expression of ATIP3 and EB1, two microtubule-associated biomarkers with tumor suppressor and oncogenic effects, respectively, improves breast cancer prognosis compared to each biomarker alone. CONCLUSIONS These findings are discussed regarding the increasing complexity of protein networks composed of MAPs that coordinate microtubule dynamics and functions. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the prognostic value of combined expression of different MATS and their interacting partners in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rodrigues-Ferreira
- INSERM U981, LabEx LERMIT, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Paris Sud, 94800, Villejuif, France.,Inovarion, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Angie Molina
- INSERM U981, LabEx LERMIT, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Paris Sud, 94800, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, UMR 5547 CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Clara Nahmias
- INSERM U981, LabEx LERMIT, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Paris Sud, 94800, Villejuif, France. .,Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France.
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19
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Legoff L, Dali O, D'Cruz SC, Suglia A, Gely-Pernot A, Hémery C, Kernanec PY, Demmouche A, Kervarrec C, Tevosian S, Multigner L, Smagulova F. Ovarian dysfunction following prenatal exposure to an insecticide, chlordecone, associates with altered epigenetic features. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:29. [PMID: 31084621 PMCID: PMC6515617 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlordecone (CD) is an insecticide that was used in the French West Indies for several years to control the banana root borer pest. Given its nonsignificant degradation, it persists in the environment. CD is a carcinogenic compound with reproductive and developmental toxicity and is a recognized endocrine-disrupting chemical. In this study, we examined the effects of CD on female reproductive system of mice with the focus on epigenetic features in ovary. Our data show that gestational exposure to low dose of CD affects meiotic double-strand breaks repair in female embryos. In adult mice derived from CD-treated pregnant females, we observed delayed puberty, decreased number of primordial and increased number of atretic follicles. Gene expression analysis revealed that Rcbtb2 and Rbpms genes were not expressed in embryonic gonads. Estrogen signaling- and oocyte maturation-associated genes were downregulated in adult ovaries. The morphological changes were associated with altered epigenetic features: increased H2Aub and increased H3K27me3 and decreased H4ac and H3K4me3 in embryonic oocytes. The DNA damage-associated, γH2AX marks were detected in the follicles of treated but not control adult ovaries. We also found reduced H3K4me3 and H4ac in fully grown oocytes of the treated ovaries. The ChIP-seq analysis of H3K4me3 in adult ovaries showed that target genes of ZFP57 and TRIM28, which regulate pluripotency and imprinting, were significantly enriched in altered regions. Our study clearly demonstrates that gestational exposure to a low dose of CD impairs the function of female reproductive system and the changes are associated with altered epigenetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Legoff
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ouzna Dali
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.,Biotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabes University, 22000, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Antonio Suglia
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Aurore Gely-Pernot
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Chloé Hémery
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Kernanec
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Abbassia Demmouche
- Biotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Djillali Liabes University, 22000, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Christine Kervarrec
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sergei Tevosian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Box 100144, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Luc Multigner
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fatima Smagulova
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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21
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Zhang L, Luo M, Yang H, Zhu S, Cheng X, Qing C. Next-generation sequencing-based genomic profiling analysis reveals novel mutations for clinical diagnosis in Chinese primary epithelial ovarian cancer patients. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:19. [PMID: 30786925 PMCID: PMC6381667 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most malignant gynecological tumors, associated with excess death rate (50-60%) in ovarian cancer patients. Particularly, among newly occurred ovarian cancer patients, 70% of clinical cases are diagnosed at the advanced stage, which definitely delay the timely treatment and lead to high mortality rate within 5 years post diagnosis. Therefore, identification of sensitive gene markers, as well as development of reliable genetic diagnosis, are important for the early detection and precise therapy for OC patients. This study aims to identify novel genetic mutations and develop a feasible clinical approach for early OC diagnosis. METHODS The OC tissue-derived DNA sample was acquired from 31 OC patients, and the somatic gene mutations will be identified after comparison with normal samples, using Genome-wide analysis and next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A total of 463 somatic mutations, which were considered as potential pathogenic sites, were assigned to 473 genes. Among them, 15 genes (TP53, TTN, MUC16, OR4N2, BRCA1, CAD, CCDC129, INSR, NAV3, NELL2, NRAS, OBSCN, PGLYRP4, RBM15B and TRPC7) were mutated on at least two sites. These genes were mapped to RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data, and a total of 117 genes had an absolute fold- change ≥ 2 and p ≤ 0.01. Five genes were mutated in at least two OC patients. Gene ontology (GO) classification indicated that a majority of genes participated in biological processes. Kyoto Enrichment of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis revealed that the genes were mainly involved in the regulation of metabolic signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study identified several novel genetic alterations pathway for early clinical diagnosis and provided abundant information for understanding molecular mechanisms of the OC occurrence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Cheng Gong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital & The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Cheng Gong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital & The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Cheng Gong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianliang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Cheng Gong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Cheng Gong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Roth L, Srivastava S, Lindzen M, Sas-Chen A, Sheffer M, Lauriola M, Enuka Y, Noronha A, Mancini M, Lavi S, Tarcic G, Pines G, Nevo N, Heyman O, Ziv T, Rueda OM, Gnocchi D, Pikarsky E, Admon A, Caldas C, Yarden Y. SILAC identifies LAD1 as a filamin-binding regulator of actin dynamics in response to EGF and a marker of aggressive breast tumors. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaan0949. [PMID: 29382783 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan0949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations mimicking growth factor-induced proliferation and motility characterize aggressive subtypes of mammary tumors. To unravel currently unknown players in these processes, we performed phosphoproteomic analysis on untransformed mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) that were stimulated in culture with epidermal growth factor (EGF). We identified ladinin-1 (LAD1), a largely uncharacterized protein to date, as a phosphorylation-regulated mediator of the EGF-to-ERK pathway. Further experiments revealed that LAD1 mediated the proliferation and migration of mammary cells. LAD1 was transcriptionally induced, phosphorylated, and partly colocalized with actin stress fibers in response to EGF. Yeast two-hybrid, proximity ligation, and coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that LAD1 bound to actin-cross-linking proteins called filamins. Cosedimentation analyses indicated that LAD1 played a role in actin dynamics, probably in collaboration with the scaffold protein 14-3-3σ (also called SFN). Depletion of LAD1 decreased the expression of transcripts associated with cell survival and inhibited the growth of mammary xenografts in an animal model. Furthermore, LAD1 predicts poor patient prognosis and is highly expressed in aggressive subtypes of breast cancer characterized as integrative clusters 5 and 10, which partly correspond to triple-negative and HER2-positive tumors. Thus, these findings reveal a cytoskeletal component that is critically involved in cell migration and the acquisition of oncogenic attributes in human mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Roth
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Swati Srivastava
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Aldema Sas-Chen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Sheffer
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Enuka
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ashish Noronha
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maicol Mancini
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sara Lavi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gabi Tarcic
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gur Pines
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Nevo
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Heyman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- The Smoler Protein Center, Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and the Cambridge Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - Davide Gnocchi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Department of Immunology and Cancer Research and Department Pathology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91010, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- The Smoler Protein Center, Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and the Cambridge Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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23
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Lasorsa VA, Formicola D, Pignataro P, Cimmino F, Calabrese FM, Mora J, Esposito MR, Pantile M, Zanon C, De Mariano M, Longo L, Hogarty MD, de Torres C, Tonini GP, Iolascon A, Capasso M. Exome and deep sequencing of clinically aggressive neuroblastoma reveal somatic mutations that affect key pathways involved in cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21840-52. [PMID: 27009842 PMCID: PMC5008327 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of somatic mutation of the most aggressive forms of neuroblastoma is not completely determined. We sought to identify potential cancer drivers in clinically aggressive neuroblastoma. Whole exome sequencing was conducted on 17 germline and tumor DNA samples from high-risk patients with adverse events within 36 months from diagnosis (HR-Event3) to identify somatic mutations and deep targeted sequencing of 134 genes selected from the initial screening in additional 48 germline and tumor pairs (62.5% HR-Event3 and high-risk patients), 17 HR-Event3 tumors and 17 human-derived neuroblastoma cell lines. We revealed 22 significantly mutated genes, many of which implicated in cancer progression. Fifteen genes (68.2%) were highly expressed in neuroblastoma supporting their involvement in the disease. CHD9, a cancer driver gene, was the most significantly altered (4.0% of cases) after ALK. Other genes (PTK2, NAV3, NAV1, FZD1 and ATRX), expressed in neuroblastoma and involved in cell invasion and migration were mutated at frequency ranged from 4% to 2%. Focal adhesion and regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways, were frequently disrupted (14.1% of cases) thus suggesting potential novel therapeutic strategies to prevent disease progression. Notably BARD1, CHEK2 and AXIN2 were enriched in rare, potentially pathogenic, germline variants. In summary, whole exome and deep targeted sequencing identified novel cancer genes of clinically aggressive neuroblastoma. Our analyses show pathway-level implications of infrequently mutated genes in leading neuroblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Alessandro Lasorsa
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Formicola
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Pignataro
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Flora Cimmino
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Jaume Mora
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory and Department of Oncology, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosaria Esposito
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Marcella Pantile
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanon
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Marilena De Mariano
- U.O.C. Bioterapie, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Longo
- U.O.C. Bioterapie, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory and Department of Oncology, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnolgie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Naples, Italy
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24
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Peng WF, Xu SS, Ren X, Lv FH, Xie XL, Zhao YX, Zhang M, Shen ZQ, Ren YL, Gao L, Shen M, Kantanen J, Li MH. A genome-wide association study reveals candidate genes for the supernumerary nipple phenotype in sheep (Ovis aries). Anim Genet 2017; 48:570-579. [PMID: 28703336 DOI: 10.1111/age.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been widely applied in livestock to identify genes associated with traits of economic interest. Here, we conducted the first GWAS of the supernumerary nipple phenotype in Wadi sheep, a native Chinese sheep breed, based on Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip genotypes in a total of 144 ewes (75 cases with four teats, including two normal and two supernumerary teats, and 69 control cases with two teats). We detected 63 significant SNPs at the chromosome-wise threshold. Additionally, one candidate region (chr1: 170.723-170.734 Mb) was identified by haplotype-based association tests, with one SNP (rs413490006) surrounding functional genes BBX and CD47 on chromosome 1 being commonly identified as significant by the two mentioned analyses. Moreover, Gene Ontology enrichment for the significant SNPs identified by the GWAS analysis was functionally clustered into the categories of receptor activity and synaptic membrane. In addition, pathway mapping revealed four promising pathways (Wnt, oxytocin, MAPK and axon guidance) involved in the development of the supernumerary nipple phenotype. Our results provide novel and important insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the phenotype of supernumerary nipples in mammals, including humans. These findings may be useful for future breeding and genetics in sheep and other livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-F Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - S-S Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - X Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.,Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - F-H Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China
| | - X-L Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Y-X Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Z-Q Shen
- Shandong Binzhou Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Y-L Ren
- Shandong Binzhou Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - L Gao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, 832000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - M Shen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, 832000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - J Kantanen
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, 31600, Finland.,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - M-H Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China
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25
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McFarlin BK, Gary MA. Flow cytometry what you see matters: Enhanced clinical detection using image-based flow cytometry. Methods 2016; 112:1-8. [PMID: 27620330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Image-based flow cytometry combines the throughput of traditional flow cytometry with the ability to visually confirm findings and collect novel data that would not be possible otherwise. Since image-based flow cytometry borrows measurement parameters and analysis techniques from microscopy, it is possible to collect unique measures (i.e. nuclear translocation, co-localization, cellular synapse, cellular endocytosis, etc.) that would not be possible with traditional flow cytometry. The ability to collect unique outcomes has led many researchers to develop novel assays for the monitoring and detection of a variety of clinical conditions and diseases. In many cases, investigators have innovated and expanded classical assays to provide new insight regarding clinical conditions and chronic disease. Beyond human clinical applications, image-based flow cytometry has been used to monitor marine biology changes, nano-particles for solar cell production, and particle quality in pharmaceuticals. This review article summarizes work from the major scientists working in the field of image-based flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States; University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, United States.
| | - Melody A Gary
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States
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26
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Müller-Calleja N, Rossmann H, Müller C, Wild P, Blankenberg S, Pfeiffer N, Binder H, Beutel ME, Manukyan D, Zeller T, Lackner KJ. Antiphospholipid antibodies in a large population-based cohort: genome-wide associations and effects on monocyte gene expression. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:115-23. [PMID: 27098658 DOI: 10.1160/th15-12-0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterised by venous and/or arterial thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity in women combined with the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). We aimed to identify genetic factors associated with the presence of aPL in a population based cohort. Furthermore, we wanted to clarify if the presence of aPL affects gene expression in circulating monocytes. Titres of IgG and IgM against cardiolipin, β2glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2GPI), and IgG against domain 1 of β2GPI (anti-domain 1) were determined in approx. 5,000 individuals from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) a population based cohort of German descent. Genotyping was conducted on Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP 6.0 arrays. Monocyte gene expression was determined in a subgroup of 1,279 individuals by using the Illumina HT-12 v3 BeadChip. Gene expression data were confirmed in vitro and ex vivo by qRT-PCR. Genome wide analysis revealed significant associations of anti-β2GPI IgG and APOH on chromosome 17, which had been previously identified by candidate gene approaches, and of anti-domain1 and MACROD2 on chromosome 20 which has been listed in a previous GWAS as a suggestive locus associated with the occurrence of anti-β2GPI antibodies. Expression analysis confirmed increased expression of TNFα in monocytes and identified and confirmed neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) as a novel gene induced by aPL. In conclusion, MACROD2 represents a novel genetic locus associated with aPL. Furthermore, we show that aPL induce the expression of NAV3 in monocytes and endothelial cells. This will stimulate further research into the role of these genes in the APS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karl J Lackner
- Dr. Karl J. Lackner, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany, Tel.: +49 6131 177190, E-mail:
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27
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Samuel P, Pink RC, Brooks SA, Carter DR. miRNAs and ovarian cancer: a miRiad of mechanisms to induce cisplatin drug resistance. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 16:57-70. [PMID: 26567444 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2016.1121107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most aggressive gynecological cancer. One reason for the low 5-year survival rate of under 40% is that ovarian tumors usually acquire resistance to the platinum-based compounds used to treat them. Resistance to one such compound, cisplatin, can arise via numerous mechanisms that can be categorized as pre-, post-, on- or off-target. Pre-target mechanisms prevent accumulation of cisplatin in the cell, on-target mechanisms allow DNA damage to be repaired more efficiently, post-target mechanisms prevent the damage from inducing apoptosis and off-target mechanisms increase resistance via unrelated compensatory mechanisms. miRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that influence cellular function by repressing gene expression. Here we describe how miRNAs can induce cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells via pre-, post-, on- and off-target mechanisms. A better understanding of how miRNAs feed into the mechanisms of drug resistance will inform the rational design of combination therapies for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- a Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- a Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Susan Ann Brooks
- a Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - David RaulFrancisco Carter
- a Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
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28
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Silva PBGD, Rodini CO, Kaid C, Nakahata AM, Pereira MCL, Matushita H, Costa SSD, Okamoto OK. Establishment of a novel human medulloblastoma cell line characterized by highly aggressive stem-like cells. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1545-60. [PMID: 26358937 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality related to childhood cancer. These tumors display differential ability to metastasize and respond to treatment, which reflects their high degree of heterogeneity at the genetic and molecular levels. Such heterogeneity of medulloblastoma brings an additional challenge to the understanding of its physiopathology and impacts the development of new therapeutic strategies. This translational effort has been the focus of most pre-clinical studies which invariably employ experimental models using human tumor cell lines. Nonetheless, compared to other cancers, relatively few cell lines of human medulloblastoma are available in central repositories, partly due to the rarity of these tumors and to the intrinsic difficulties in establishing continuous cell lines from pediatric brain tumors. Here, we report the establishment of a new human medulloblastoma cell line which, in comparison with the commonly used and well-established cell line Daoy, is characterized by enhanced proliferation and invasion capabilities, stem cell properties, increased chemoresistance, tumorigenicity in an orthotopic metastatic model, replication of original medulloblastoma behavior in vivo, strong chromosome structural instability and deregulation of genes involved in neural development. These features are advantageous for designing biologically relevant experimental models in clinically oriented studies, making this novel cell line, named USP-13-Med, instrumental for the study of medulloblastoma biology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Benites Gonçalves da Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Rodini
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carolini Kaid
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Adriana Miti Nakahata
- Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Tagua, 440, Liberdade, São Paulo, CEP 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Leite Pereira
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Matushita
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Souza da Costa
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil.
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Wang Z, Yang H, Ren L. MiR-21 promoted proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma through negative regulation of Navigator-3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015. [PMID: 26210448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has been well-established and found to be over-expressed in various human cancers and has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the underlying mechanism of miR-21 involvement in the development and progression of HCC remains to be understood. In the present study, we firstly identified that the Navigator-3 (NAV-3) gene as a novel direct target of miR-21. Knock-down of NAV-3 using shRNA can rescue the effects of anti-miR-21 inhibitor in HCC cell lines, whereas re-expression of miR-21 using transfection with miR-21 mimics phenocopied the NAV-3 knock-down model. Additionally, miR-21 levels inversely correlated with NAV-3 both in HCC cells and tissues. Knock-down of NAV-3 promoted both the proliferation and migration in HCC cells. Together, our findings suggest an important role for miR-21 in the progression of HCC, which negatively regulated Navigator-3 in the migration of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- The Digestive and Vascural Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Huan Yang
- The Department of Liver and Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Lei Ren
- The Department of General Surgery, Branching Hospital of the First People's Hospital of Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China
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Nassar D, Latil M, Boeckx B, Lambrechts D, Blanpain C. Genomic landscape of carcinogen-induced and genetically induced mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Med 2015; 21:946-54. [PMID: 26168291 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of cancers are routinely used to study cancer biology. However, it remains unclear whether carcinogenesis in mice is driven by the same spectrum of genomic alterations found in humans. Here we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced skin cancer, the most commonly used skin cancer model, which appears as benign papillomas that progress into squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). We also studied genetically induced SCCs that expressed G12D mutant Kras (Kras G12D) but were deficient for p53. Using whole-exome sequencing, we uncovered a characteristic mutational signature of DMBA-induced SCCs. We found that the vast majority of DMBA-induced SCCs presented recurrent mutations in Hras, Kras or Rras2 and mutations in several additional putative oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Similar genes were recurrently mutated in mouse and human SCCs that were from different organs or had been exposed to different carcinogens. Invasive SCCs, but not papillomas, presented substantial chromosomal aberrations, especially in DMBA-induced and genetically induced Trp53-mutated SCCs. Metastasis occurred through sequential spreading, with relatively few additional genetic events. This study provides a framework for future functional cancer genomic studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Nassar
- Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Latil
- Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- 1] Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie VIB, Leuven, Belgium. [2] Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- 1] Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie VIB, Leuven, Belgium. [2] Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- 1] Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. [2] WELBIO, Brussels, Belgium
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