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Liu J, Yu Z, Wang G. Coronary Artery Fistula and Severe Coronary Artery Stenosis: A Case Report and an Insight for Potential Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis. Int Med Case Rep J 2024; 17:227-233. [PMID: 38562435 PMCID: PMC10982067 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s442878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are a rare anomaly characterized by abnormal connections between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or a great vessel, with most patients remaining asymptomatic. Despite being predisposed to severe complications like heart failure, patients with CAF infrequently experience severe stenosis in the coronary artery. This study delineates a case involving a 46-year-old male presenting with a fistula bridging the right coronary artery (RCA) and right atrium (RA), manifesting a pronounced 99% stenosis at the right extremity of the coronary artery proximal to the fistula. Concurrently, the individual exhibits six conventional risk factors: age over 40, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and hypertriglyceridemia. Following pharmaceutical intervention, the patient was discharged and subjected to extended follow-up. This case highlights the dual processes of "accelerating damage" and "retarding renewal" in the progression of atherosclerosis. Factors such as shear stress, smoking, and hypertension are posited to expedite endothelial cell damage, while aging and diabetes may impede the renewal and repair of these cells. Together with the concept of secondary atherosclerotic plaque healing, this case prompts the introduction of a "Double Endothelial Healings" hypothesis, proposing a potential pathogenetic mechanism for coronary artery atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Henan Vocational College of Nursing, Anyang, Henan Province, 455000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Second People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, People’s Republic of China
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Michaud ME, Mota L, Bakhtiari M, Thomas BE, Tomeo J, Pilcher W, Contreras M, Ferran C, Bhasin S, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, LoGerfo FW, Liang P, Bhasin MK. Integrated single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveals propagation of early acute vein harvest and distension injury signaling pathways following arterial implantation. bioRxiv 2024:2023.10.31.564995. [PMID: 37961724 PMCID: PMC10635041 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.564995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Vein graft failure (VGF) following cardiovascular bypass surgery results in significant patient morbidity and cost to the healthcare system. Vein graft injury can occur during autogenous vein harvest and preparation, as well as after implantation into the arterial system, leading to the development of intimal hyperplasia, vein graft stenosis, and, ultimately, bypass graft failure. While previous studies have identified maladaptive pathways that occur shortly after implantation, the specific signaling pathways that occur during vein graft preparation are not well defined and may result in a cumulative impact on VGF. We, therefore, aimed to elucidate the response of the vein conduit wall during harvest and following implantation, probing the key maladaptive pathways driving graft failure with the overarching goal of identifying therapeutic targets for biologic intervention to minimize these natural responses to surgical vein graft injury. Methods Employing a novel approach to investigating vascular pathologies, we harnessed both single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) analyses to profile the genomic effects of vein grafts after harvest and distension, then compared these findings to vein grafts obtained 24 hours after carotid-cartoid vein bypass implantation in a canine model (n=4). Results Spatial transcriptomic analysis of canine cephalic vein after initial conduit harvest and distention revealed significant enrichment of pathways (P < 0.05) involved in the activation of endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts (FBs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), namely pathways responsible for cellular proliferation and migration and platelet activation across the intimal and medial layers, cytokine signaling within the adventitial layer, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling throughout the vein wall. Subsequent snRNA-seq analysis supported these findings and further unveiled distinct EC and FB subpopulations with significant upregulation (P < 0.00001) of markers related to endothelial injury response and cellular activation of ECs, FBs, and VSMCs. Similarly, in vein grafts obtained 24 hours after arterial bypass, there was an increase in myeloid cell, protomyofibroblast, injury-response EC, and mesenchymal-transitioning EC subpopulations with a concomitant decrease in homeostatic ECs and fibroblasts. Among these markers were genes previously implicated in vein graft injury, including VCAN (versican), FBN1 (fibrillin-1), and VEGFC (vascular endothelial growth factor C), in addition to novel genes of interest such as GLIS3 (GLIS family zinc finger 3) and EPHA3 (ephrin-A3). These genes were further noted to be driving the expression of genes implicated in vascular remodeling and graft failure, such as IL-6, TGFBR1, SMAD4, and ADAMTS9. By integrating the ST and snRNA-seq datasets, we highlighted the spatial architecture of the vein graft following distension, wherein activated and mesenchymal-transitioning ECs, myeloid cells, and FBs were notably enriched in the intima and media of distended veins. Lastly, intercellular communication network analysis unveiled the critical roles of activated ECs, mesenchymal transitioning ECs, protomyofibroblasts, and VSMCs in upregulating signaling pathways associated with cellular proliferation (MDK, PDGF, VEGF), transdifferentiation (Notch), migration (ephrin, semaphorin), ECM remodeling (collagen, laminin, fibronectin), and inflammation (thrombospondin), following distension. Conclusions Vein conduit harvest and distension elicit a prompt genomic response facilitated by distinct cellular subpopulations heterogeneously distributed throughout the vein wall. This response was found to be further exacerbated following vein graft implantation, resulting in a cascade of maladaptive gene regulatory networks. Together, these results suggest that distension initiates the upregulation of pathological pathways that may ultimately contribute to bypass graft failure and presents potential early targets warranting investigation for targeted therapies. This work highlights the first applications of single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic analyses to investigate venous pathologies, underscoring the utility of these methodologies and providing a foundation for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E. Michaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lucas Mota
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mojtaba Bakhtiari
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Beena E. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John Tomeo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - William Pilcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Swati Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Frank W. LoGerfo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patric Liang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Manoj K. Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Chen L, Qiu H, Chen Q, Xiang P, Lei J, Zhang J, Lu Y, Wang X, Wu S, Yu C, Ma L. N-acetylneuraminic acid modulates SQSTM1/p62 sialyation-mediated ubiquitination degradation contributing to vascular endothelium dysfunction in experimental atherosclerosis mice. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:161-178. [PMID: 37818680 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid (SIA) has been reported to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS) due to its high plasma levels in such patients. However, the effect of increasing SIA in circulation on endothelial function during AS progression remains unclear. In the present study, ApoE-/- mice and endothelial cells line (HUVEC cells) were applied to investigate the effect of SIA on AS progression and its potential molecular mechanism. In vivo, mice were injected intraperitoneally with Neu5Ac (main form of SIA) to keep high-level SIA in circulation. ORO, H&E, and Masson staining were applied to detect the plaque progression. In vitro, HUVECs were treated with Neu5Ac at different times, CCK-8, RT-PCR, western blot, and immunoprecipitation methods were used to analyze its effects on endothelial function and the potential involved mechanism. Results from the present study showed that high plasma levels of Neu5Ac in ApoE-/- mice could aggravate the plaque areas as well as increase necrotic core areas and collagen fiber contents. Remarkably, Neu5Ac levels in circulation displayed a positive correlation with AS plaque areas. Furthermore, results from HUVECs showed that Neu5Ac inhibited cells viability in a time/dose-dependent manner, by then induced the activation of inflammation makers such as ICAM-1 and IL-1β. Mechanism study showed that the activation of excessive autophagy medicated by SQSTM1/p62 displayed an important role in endothelium inflammatory injury. Neu5Ac could modify SQSTM1/p62 as a sialylation protein, and then increase its level with ubiquitin binding, further inducing ubiquitination degradation and being involved in the excessive autophagy pathway. Inhibition of sialylation by P-3Fax-Neu5Ac, a sialyltransferase inhibitor, reduced the binding of SQSTM1/p62 to ubiquitin. Together, these findings indicated that Neu5Ac increased SQSTM1/p62-ubiquitin binding through sialylation modification, thereby inducing excessive autophagy and subsequent endothelial injury. Inhibition of SQSTM1/p62 sialylation might be a potential strategy for preventing such disease with high levels of Neu5Ac in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingqiu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Lei
- Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Yining Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianmin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
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Zhang Y, Li J, Jing Q, Chen Z, Wang K, Sun C. An Erythrocyte Membrane-Derived Nanosystem for Efficient Reversal of Endothelial Injury in Sepsis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302320. [PMID: 37883686 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is caused by a disordered host immune in response to infection and endothelial cells perform a crucial role in boosting immunity reaction in the pathophysiology of sepsis and septic organ failure. The aim of this study is to construct a novel erythrocyte membrane-derived nanosystems to reverse endothelial damage in sepsis. Herein, an innovative nanometer calcium metal-organic framework (Ca-MOF) is generated for the first time by using chelidonic acid as a ligand and calcium chloride as an ion donor for anti-inflammation. Then, zoliflodacin is loaded into Ca-MOF (CMZ) to sterilize and nanoscale erythrocyte membrane vesicles are prepared by modification with a γ3 peptide on the surface (γ3-RM) for precise targeting. Finally, γ3-RM camouflages the nanocore CMZ, to form novel erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged nanoparticle γ3-RCMZ. The superior performance of novel nanosystem results from its suitable biocompatibility, nontoxicity, specific targeting, and anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism mainly involves inhibiting the Caspase1-nuclear factor kappa-B (Caspase1-NF-κB) pathway and oxidative stress reduction to alleviate endothelial damage. Moreover, the findings have revealed for the first time that the bactericidal drug zoliflodacin also has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the novel nanosystem (γ3-RCMZ) provides a new nanotherapy strategy for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qi Jing
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ziying Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chuanzheng Sun
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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Arai H, Yamamoto S, Matsubara T, Miyake T, Tochio A, Mii A, Shimizu A, Minamiguchi S, Muso E, Yanagita M. Focal Segmental Sclerosis Associated with the Novel Multi-tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ponatinib. Intern Med 2023; 62:2693-2698. [PMID: 36642524 PMCID: PMC10569927 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1283-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ponatinib is a novel multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with potent inhibitory activity against refractory chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Despite its high clinical efficacy, ponatinib induces various adverse events due to its multi-target characteristic. However, renal complications associated with ponatinib are rare. A 76-year-old woman had a history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) resistant to imatinib and nilotinib. Our patient developed proteinuria and renal function deterioration during treatment with ponatinib but not with imatinib or nilotinib. We herein report the first case of a patient with secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with partial glomerular collapse induced by ponatinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsubara
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyake
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akira Tochio
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Akiko Mii
- Department of Nephrology, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | | | - Eri Muso
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Kitano Hospital, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Home Economics, Kyoto Kacho University, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Japan
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Shah N, Katira BH. Role of cardiopulmonary interactions in development of ventilator-induced lung injury-Experimental evidence and clinical Implications. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1228476. [PMID: 37534365 PMCID: PMC10391157 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1228476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) impacts outcomes in ARDS and optimization of ventilatory strategies improves survival. Decades of research has identified various mechanisms of VILI, largely focusing on airspace forces of plateau pressure, tidal volume and driving pressure. Experimental evidence indicates the role of adverse cardiopulmonary interaction during mechanical ventilation, contributing to VILI genesis mostly by modulating pulmonary vascular dynamics. Under passive mechanical ventilation, high transpulmonary pressure increases afterload on right heart while high pleural pressure reduces the RV preload. Together, they can result in swings of pulmonary vascular flow and pressure. Altered vascular flow and pressure result in increased vascular shearing and wall tension, in turn causing direct microvascular injury accompanied with permeability to water, proteins and cells. Moreover, abrupt decreases in airway pressure, may result in sudden overperfusion of the lung and result in similar microvascular injury, especially when the endothelium is stretched or primed at high positive end-expiratory pressure. Microvascular injury is universal in VILI models and presumed in the diagnosis of ARDS; preventing such microvascular injury can reduce VILI and impact outcomes in ARDS. Consequently, developing cardiovascular targets to reduce macro and microvascular stressors in the pulmonary circulation can potentially reduce VILI. This paper reviews the role of cardiopulmonary interaction in VILI genesis.
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Shirode PS, Parekh AD, Patel VV, Vala J, Jaimalani AM, Vora NM, Gummalla V, Patel JS, Shriram N. Early Detection of Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Hyperhomocysteinemia as a Promising Marker in Adolescents With Vitamin B Deficiency. Cureus 2023; 15:e41571. [PMID: 37554588 PMCID: PMC10406394 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among young adults has raised concerns. Although clinical manifestations of CVD typically occur later in life, the underlying pathological processes emerge early on. This review article summarizes the association between vitamin B deficiency-induced hyperhomocysteinemia and subclinical atherosclerosis in adolescents. Numerous studies have demonstrated that elevated homocysteine levels are an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction (ED) and arterial stiffness, which are key contributors to CVD. Notably, vitamin B deficiency, particularly in vitamin B9 and vitamin B12, emerges as a significant factor in childhood hyperhomocysteinemia, initiating the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in early life. A comprehensive review of relevant literature from prominent bibliographic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and Cochrane, was performed. Four cross-sectional studies focusing on homocysteine levels as an exposure variable and markers of atherosclerosis as outcome measures were included and reviewed as part of our analysis. The reviewed studies demonstrate a positive correlation between homocysteine levels and markers of atherosclerosis, including increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and ED. Mainly, adolescents with vitamin B12 deficiency exhibit a significant positive correlation between homocysteine levels and CIMT. These findings underscore the potential of hyperhomocysteinemia as an early marker for detecting subclinical atherosclerosis in adolescents with vitamin B deficiency. Despite limited research in this area, recognizing the importance of early detection and management of subclinical atherosclerosis in adolescents can help mitigate the risk of severe cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth S Shirode
- Pediatrics, Terna Speciality Hospital & Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Anjali D Parekh
- Pediatrics, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Surat, IND
| | - Vishwa V Patel
- Internal Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Anand, IND
| | - Janmay Vala
- Internal Medicine, Terna Speciality Hospital & Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Aniket M Jaimalani
- Internal Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Surat, IND
| | - Nilofar M Vora
- Pediatrics, Terna Speciality Hospital & Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Vaishnavi Gummalla
- Internal Medicine, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, IND
| | | | - Nikitha Shriram
- Internal Medicine, Terna Speciality Hospital & Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, IND
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Liu X, Gao J, Yan Y, Georgiou EA, Lou J, Feng M, Zhang X, Gao F, Liu J, Kostakis IK, Zhao L. Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Hydroxytyrosol Prevents Lipotoxicity-Induced Endothelial Injury by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function and Redox Balance via Promoting FoxO1 and Nrf2 Nuclear Translocation and Suppressing Inflammation via Inhibiting p38/NF-кB Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36671037 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia results in endothelial dysfunction, which is intimately associated with disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis, and is a real risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Triphenylphosphonium (TPP+)-HT, constructed by linking a mitochondrial-targeting moiety TPP+ to hydroxytyrosol (HT), enters the cell and accumulates in mitochondria and is thus an important candidate drug for preventing hyperlipidemia-induced endothelial injury. In the present study, we found that TPP-HT has a better anti-inflammatory effect than HT. In vivo, TPP-HT significantly prevented hyperlipidemia-induced adverse changes in the serological lipid panel, as well as endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction of the thoracic aorta. Similarly, in vitro, TPP-HT exhibited similar protective effects in palmitate (PA)-induced endothelial dysfunction, particularly enhanced expression of the mitochondrial ETC complex II, recovered FoxO1 expression in PA-injured human aorta endothelial cells (HAECs) and promoted FoxO1 nuclear translocation. We further demonstrated that FoxO1 plays a pivotal role in regulating ATP production in the presence of TPP-HT by using the siFoxO1 knockdown technique. Simultaneously, TPP-HT enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, consistent with the in vivo findings of immunofluorescence, and the antioxidant effect of TPP-HT was almost entirely blocked by siNrf2. Concomitantly, TPP-HT’s anti-inflammatory effects in the current study were primarily mediated via the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in addition to the FoxO1 and Nrf2 pathways. In brief, our findings suggest that mitochondria-targeted TPP-HT prevents lipotoxicity induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing mitochondrial function and redox balance by promoting FoxO1 and Nrf2 nuclear translocation.
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Zhang Q, Ye Z, McGowan P, Jurief C, Ly A, Bignotti A, Yada N, Zheng XL. Effects of convalescent plasma infusion on the ADAMTS13-von Willebrand factor axis and endothelial integrity in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100010. [PMID: 36531671 PMCID: PMC9744678 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2022.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Convalescent plasma infusion (CPI) was given to patients with COVID-19 during the early pandemic with mixed therapeutic efficacy. However, the impacts of CPI on the ADAMTS13-von Willebrand factor (VWF) axis and vascular endothelial functions are not known. Objectives To determine the impacts of CPI on the ADAMTS13-VWF axis and vascular endothelial functions. Methods Sixty hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the study; 46 received CPI and 14 received no CPI. Plasma ADAMTS13 activity, VWF antigen, endothelial syndecan-1, and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) were assessed before and 24 hours after treatment. Results Patients with severe and critical COVID-19 exhibited significantly lower plasma ADAMTS13 activity than the healthy controls. Conversely, these patients showed a significantly increased VWF antigen. This resulted in markedly reduced ratios of ADAMTS13 to VWF in these patients. The levels of plasma ADAMTS13 activity in each patient remained relatively constant throughout hospitalization. Twenty-four hours following CPI, plasma ADAMTS13 activity increased by ∼12% from the baseline in all patients and ∼21% in those who survived. In contrast, plasma levels of VWF antigen varied significantly over time. Patients who died exhibited a significant reduction of plasma VWF antigen from the baseline 24 hours following CPI, whereas those who survived did not. Furthermore, patients with severe and critical COVID-19 showed significantly elevated plasma levels of syndecan-1 and sTM, similar to those found in patients with immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Both syndecan-1 and sTM levels were significantly reduced 24 hours following CPI. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the relative deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity and endothelial damage in patients with severe and critical COVID-19, which could be modestly improved following CPI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Zhan Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Paul McGowan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Christopher Jurief
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Andrew Ly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Antonia Bignotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Noritaka Yada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - X. Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Xie J, Zhu CL, Wan XJ, Zhao ZZ, Meng Y, Li P, Guo Y, Liu Q, Bian JJ, Deng XM, Wang JF. GSDMD-mediated NETosis promotes the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250011. [PMID: 36250416 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a classical molecule involved in pyroptosis. It has been reported to be cleaved into N-terminal fragments to form pores in the neutrophil membrane and promote the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, it remains unclear if GSDMD is involved in neutrophil regulation and NET release during ARDS. The role of neutrophil GSDMD in the development of ARDS was investigated in a murine model of ARDS induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using the neutrophil specific GSDMD-deficient mice. The neutrophil GSDMD cleavage and its relationship with NETosis were also explored in ARDS patients. The cleavage of GSDMD in neutrophils from ARDS patients and mice was upregulated. Inhibition of GSDMD by genetic knockout or inhibitors resulted in reduced production of NET both in vivo and in vitro, and attenuation of LPS-induced lung injury. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that the inhibition of GSDMD attenuated endothelial injury co-cultured with neutrophils from ARDS patients, while extrinsic NETs reversed the protective effect of GSDMD inhibition. Collectively, our data suggest that the neutrophil GSDMD cleavage is crucial in NET release during ARDS. The NET release maintained by cleaved GSDMD in neutrophils may be a key event in the development of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wan
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Zhao
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Meng
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jun Bian
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Deng
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Munguía L, Nájera N, Martínez FJ, Díaz-Chiguer D, Jiménez-Ponce F, Ortiz-Flores M, Villarreal F, Ceballos G. Correlation of Biomarkers of Endothelial Injury and Inflammation to Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11. [PMID: 36556051 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 can trigger an intense systemic inflammation and prothrombotic state, leading to a rapid and disproportionate deterioration of lung function. An effective screening tool is essential to identify the patients at risk for severe disease. This observational study was conducted on hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a general hospital in Mexico City between 1 March 2021 and 15 March 2021. Serum samples were analyzed to explore the role of biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, oxidative stress, and endothelial damage with the severity of the disease. Our results demonstrated that Syndecan-1 and nitrites/nitrates showed a high correlation in severely ill patients. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with elevated levels of SDC-1 were associated with severe disease. This molecule can potentially be used as a marker for the progression or severity of COVID-19. Preservation of glycocalyx integrity may be a potential treatment for COVID-19.
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12
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Wang W, Ye Y, Du Y, Xu Z, Yuan K, Wang Y, Adzraku SY, Li Y, Xu K, Qiao J, Ju W, Zeng L. EPC infusion ameliorates acute graft-versus-host disease-related endothelial injury after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1019657. [PMID: 36591312 PMCID: PMC9795844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1019657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) damages vascular endothelium. Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) can differentiate to endothelial cell and promote angiogenesis, but its role in endothelial damage in GVHD is unclear. Methods In this study, we intend to assess whether EPC infusion promotes the repair of endothelial injury in GVHD mouse model. Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, total body irradiation group (TBI group), allogeneic bone marrow transplantation group (Allo-BMT group), acute graft versus host disease group (GVHD group), EPC infusion group (GVHD+EPC group) followed by analysis of mice survival, acute GVHD (aGVHD) score, T cell infiltration by immunofluorescence, as well as continuity of vascular endothelium in liver. Results Compared with Allo-BMT group, the clinical and pathological score of aGVHD mice were higher. On day 21 after transplantation, a large number of mononuclear cell infiltrations were seen in the target tissues of aGVHD mice and mice died within 30 days. In addition, aGVHD group also presented increased subendothelial infiltration of CD3+ T cells in the liver, decreased VE-cadherin expression and elevated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II molecule expression in the endothelium. Moreover, expression of MHC-II molecule increased in endothelial cell after irradiation injury and LPS stimulation, indicating abnormally activated endothelial cell with antigen-presenting function. Interestingly, infusion of EPC reduced the clinical and pathological score of aGVHD, decreased infiltration of mononuclear cells, improved survival as well as upregulated VE-cadherin and downregulated MHC-II molecule. Discussion EPC infusion can mobilize to affected endothelium to decrease the infiltration of T cells and pathological endothelial activation contributing to ameliorating the damage of endothelium. EPC infusion combined with bone marrow transplantation might be a perspective strategy for the prevention and treatment of aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Ye
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuwei Du
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengqing Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Seyram Yao Adzraku
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Li
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianlin Qiao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Ju
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), a pathological lesion observed in a wide spectrum of diseases, is triggered by endothelial injury and/or dysfunction. Although TMA lesions are often accompanied by clinical features of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and ischemic end-organ injury, renal-limited forms of TMA are not infrequently encountered in clinical practice. The presence of renal-limited manifestations can be diagnostically challenging, often delaying the initiation of targeted therapy. Prompt investigation and empirical treatment of TMA is warranted to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. Major advances have been made with respect to the pathophysiology of primary TMA entities, with the subsequent development of novel diagnostic tools and lifesaving therapies for diseases like thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and complement-mediated TMA. This article will review the clinical presentation and pathologic hallmarks of TMA involving the kidney, and the disease-specific mechanisms that contribute to the endothelial injury that characterizes TMA lesions. Diagnostic approach and both empirical and disease-specific treatment strategies will be discussed, along with the potential role for emerging targeted disease-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Suzanne Genest
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher J Patriquin
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christoph Licht
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rohan John
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather N Reich
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Zhang Q, Yang L, Wan G, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhao G. Serum miR-377 Can Be Used as a Diagnostic Marker for Acute Coronary Syndrome and Can Regulate Proinflammatory Factors and Endothelial Injury Markers. Acta Med Okayama 2022; 76:723-730. [PMID: 36549775 DOI: 10.18926/amo/64123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic value of microRNA-377 (miR-377) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and explored miR-377's potential mechanisms. We performed an qRT-PCR to assess serum miR-377 levels in ACS patients and coronary artery ligation rat models. The diagnostic value of miR-377 was evaluated by determining the ROC curve. An ELISA assay was conducted to detect the model rat endothelial damage markers von Willebrand factor (vWF) and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), and proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. The serum miR-377 level was elevated in the ACS patients and significantly increased in the ACS rats. MiR-377 has a high diagnostic value in ACS patients, with a 0.844 ROC, 76.47% specificity, and 87.10% sensitivity. MiR-377 was positively correlated with the expressions of vWF, H-FABP, cTnI, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In ACS rats, reducing the expression of miR-377 significantly inhibited the increases in vWF, H-FABP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. An elevated miR-377 level can be used as a diagnostic marker in patients with ACS. A reduction of miR-377 may alleviate ACS by improving myocardial damage such as endothelial injury and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College
| | - Lixia Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College
| | - Guozhen Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College
| | - Guannan Zhao
- Department of Dermatological, Pingliang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
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15
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Su Y, Yin X, Huang X, Guo Q, Ma M, Guo L. The BCL2/BAX/ROS pathway is involved in the inhibitory effect of astragaloside IV on pyroptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Pharm Biol 2022; 60:1812-1818. [PMID: 36121248 PMCID: PMC9518636 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is extracted from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge (Fabaceae). However, its effects on endothelial cell injury remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of AS-IV on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial injury in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pre-treated with AS-IV (100 µmol/mL), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone (APO, 10 µmol/mL), N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 50 µmol/mL) and Ac-YVAD-cmk (AC, 5 µmol/mL) for 2 h before 1 μg/mL LPS 24 h exposure. Untreated cells cultured without any exposure were used as controls. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pyroptosis assays were performed. The pyroptosis related proteins were detected by western blot. RESULTS The rate in late pyroptosis (Q2-2) of AS-IV (13.65 ± 0.74%), APO (13.69 ± 0.67%) and NAC (15.87 ± 0.46%) groups was lower than the LPS group (21.89 ± 0.66%, p < 0.05), while the rate in early pyroptosis (Q2-4) of AS-IV group (12.00 ± 0.26%) was lower than other groups (p < 0.05). The expression of NOX4, GSDMD, NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 decreased after AS-IV, NAC or AC intervention (p < 0.05). The ROS production in AS-IV (4664 ± 153.20), APO (4094 ± 78.37), NAC (5103 ± 131.10) and AC (3994 ± 102.50) groups was lower than the LPS (5986 ± 127.30) group, while the mitochondrial BCL2/BAX protein expression ratio increased in AS-IV, APO and NAC groups (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS AS-IV suppressed pyroptosis in LPS-activated HUVECs by inducing ROS/NLRP3-mediated inhibition of the inflammatory response, providing a scientific basis for clinical applications of AS-IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Liheng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Gong H, Chen Y, Chen M, Li J, Zhang H, Yan S, Lv C. Advanced development and mechanism of sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1043859. [PMID: 36452899 PMCID: PMC9701739 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1043859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the Sepsis 3.0 guidelines in 2016 improved our understanding of sepsis diagnosis and therapy. Personalized treatment strategies and nursing methods for sepsis patients are recommended in the "Save Sepsis Campaign" in 2021. However, mortality in sepsis patients remains high. Patients with sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome account for around 30% of them, with fatality rates ranging from 30 to 40%. Pathological specimens from individuals with sepsis-related ARDS frequently demonstrate widespread alveolar damage, and investigations have revealed that pulmonary epithelial and pulmonary endothelial injury is the underlying cause. As a result, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the mechanism and research progress of pulmonary epithelial and pulmonary endothelial damage in sepsis-related ARDS, which may provide new directions for future research, diagnosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Gong
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiankang Li
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shijiao Yan
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Emergency Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Liao Y, Zou Y, Zhang H. MicroRNA-126-5p Facilitates Hypoxia-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury via HIPK2. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2022; 52:918-26. [PMID: 36564067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We intended to study the specific function of microRNA-126-5p (miR-126-5p) in myocardial infarction (MI) and its underlying mechanisms of action in hypoxia-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS Expression of miR-126-5p and its target gene homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) was evaluated by Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. Flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to observe cell apoptosis and viability. Luciferase reporter gene assay was prepared for verifying the regulatory relationship between miR-126-5p and HIPK2. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, ROS, and MDA) were determined using commercial assay kits. The inflammatory response in the cells was analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS MiR-126-5p expression upregulated in hypoxia-treated HUVECs compared to the untreated-HUVECs. Importantly, miR-126-5p knockdown suppressed hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis in HUVECs. In addition, the hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response were also significantly inhibited by miR-126-5p knockdown in HUVECs. Mechanically, miR-126-5p targets HIPK2. In rescue assay, HIPK2 knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-126-5p knockdown on hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in hypoxia-treated HUVECs. CONCLUSION MiR-126-5p targeted by HIPK2 regulates hypoxia induced endothelial injury in HUVECs, which indicated that miR-126-5p may be a molecular target for MI treatment.
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Fabi M, Petrovic B, Andreozzi L, Corinaldesi E, Filice E, Biagi C, Rizzello A, Mattesini BE, Bugani S, Lanari M. Circulating Endothelial Cells: A New Possible Marker of Endothelial Damage in Kawasaki Disease, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710106. [PMID: 36077506 PMCID: PMC9456219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki Disease (KD) and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) are pediatric diseases characterized by systemic inflammation and vascular injury, potentially leading to coronary artery lesions (CALs). Data on vascular injury occurring during acute COVID-19 (AC19) in children are still lacking. The aim of our study was to investigate endothelial injury in KD-, MIS-C- and AC19-dosing circulating endothelial cells (CECs). METHODS We conducted a multicenter prospective study. CECs were enumerated by CellSearch technology through the immunomagnetic capture of CD146-positive cells from whole blood. RESULTS We enrolled 9 KD, 20 MIS-C and 10 AC19. During the acute stage, the AC19 and KD patients had higher CECs levels than the MIS-C patients. From the acute to subacute phase, a significant CEC increase was observed in the KD patients, while a mild decrease was detected in the MIS-C patients. Cellular clusters/syncytia were more common in the KD patients. No correlation between CECs and CALs were found in the MIS-C patients. The incidence of CALs in the KD group was too low to investigate this correlation. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a possible role of CECs as biomarkers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in KD and MIS-C and different mechanisms of vascular injury in these diseases. Further larger studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Fabi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Biljana Petrovic
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Andreozzi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Emanuele Filice
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Biagi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Rizzello
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Simone Bugani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Ata EC, Şentürk GE, Saygi HI, Ulukan MÖ, Uğurlucan M, Erkanli K, Beyaz MO, Yildiz E. Identifying the optimal monopolar electrocautery output power in pedicular internal thoracic artery harvesting: 20 or 40 watts? Cardiovasc J Afr 2022; 33:243-247. [PMID: 35211717 PMCID: PMC9887438 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2022-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monopolar electrocautery is an important tool for harvesting the pedicular internal thoracic artery (ITA) in cardiac surgery. The different power outputs of cautery may affect graft integrity and long-term patency. This study aimed to identify the optimal threshold of electrocautery power for ITA harvest. METHODS This prospective study included 30 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass surgery at the Medipol Mega University Hospital. The ITA was harvested by monopolar electrocautery after a median sternotomy. The output of cautery was adjusted at 20 W in group A and 40 W in group B. Three to 4 cm of a distal ITA sample from each patient was examined under a light microscope by two independent pathologists. RESULTS The ITA harvest time was longer in group A (21.2 ± 7.5 vs 10.3 ± 8.1 min, p < 0.001) than in group B. ITA free flow was similar in the two groups (43.6 ± 48.7 vs 51.7 ± 45.0 Ml/min, p = 0.762). Mild to moderate injury in the endothelial and sub-endothelial sample was more frequent in the low-cautery group (p = 0.0037). CONCLUSIONS ITA endothelial integrity was found to be better preserved with 40W electrocautery. Moreover, 20W of monopolar electrocautery may not be safe in pedicular ITA harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Can Ata
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Haseki Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gözde Erkanli Şentürk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Saygi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özer Ulukan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Uğurlucan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Korhan Erkanli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Onur Beyaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tayfur Ata Sokmen Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yildiz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sabulski A, Jodele S. What complements complement in transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy? Br J Haematol 2022; 199:477-479. [PMID: 35942659 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy remains a lethal complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplant and not all patients respond to terminal complement inhibitors. Qi et al. show that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) may be a previously unrecognized driver of this endothelial injury syndrome. Commentary on Qi et al. Upregulation of HIF-1α contributes to complement activation in transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy. Br J Haematol. 2022 (Online ahead of print). doi: 10.1111/bjh.18377.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Sabulski
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sonata Jodele
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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21
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Abstract
A 46-year-old woman developed takotsubo cardiomyopathy and nephrotic syndrome. The first kidney biopsy suggested non-immune-complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), and she was diagnosed with glomerular endothelial injury associated with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. A second biopsy was performed two years later because of persistent proteinuria despite renin-angiotensin system inhibition. This biopsy indicated non-immune-complex-mediated MPGN, but a mesangial and subendothelial substance of a higher electron density than that in the first biopsy was detected, suggesting the possibility of glomerular disease with non-immune deposits rather than endothelial injury. Finally, she was diagnosed with fibronectin nephropathy. Although rare, fibronectin glomerulopathy should be considered in non-immune-complex-mediated MPGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Azegami
- Keio University Health Center, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Takashin Nakayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kaori Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
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22
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Higham CS, Shimano KA, Melton A, Kharbanda S, Chu J, Dara J, Winestone LE, Hermiston ML, Huang JN, Dvorak CC. A pilot trial of prophylactic defibrotide to prevent serious thrombotic microangiopathy in high-risk pediatric patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29641. [PMID: 35253361 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is an endothelial injury complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) leading to end-organ damage and high morbidity and mortality. Defibrotide is an anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agent that may protect the endothelium during conditioning. PROCEDURE We hypothesized that prophylactic use of defibrotide during HSCT conditioning and acute recovery could prevent TA-TMA. A pilot single-arm phase II trial (NCT#03384693) evaluated the safety and feasibility of administering prophylactic defibrotide to high-risk pediatric patients during HSCT and assessed if prophylactic defibrotide prevented TA-TMA compared to historic controls. Patients received defibrotide 6.25 mg/kg IV q6h the day prior to the start of conditioning through day +21. Patients were prospectively monitored for TA-TMA from admission through week 24 post transplant. Potential biomarkers of endothelial injury (suppression of tumorigenicity 2 [ST2], angiopoietin-2 [ANG-2], plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1], and free hemoglobin) were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were enrolled, 14 undergoing tandem autologous HSCT for neuroblastoma and 11 undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Defibrotide was discontinued early due to possibly related clinically significant bleeding in 12% (3/25) of patients; no other severe adverse events occurred due to the study intervention. The other 22 patients missed a median of 0.7% of doses (0%-5.2%). One patient developed nonsevere TA-TMA 12 days post HSCT. This observed TA-TMA incidence of 4% was below the historic rate of 18%-40% in a similar population of allogeneic and autologous patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that defibrotide prophylaxis is feasible in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT at high risk for TA-TMA and preliminary data indicating that defibrotide may reduce the risk of TA-TMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Higham
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kristin A Shimano
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexis Melton
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sandhya Kharbanda
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julia Chu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jasmeen Dara
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lena E Winestone
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle L Hermiston
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James N Huang
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, California, USA
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23
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Haidara MA, Al-Ani B, Bin-Jaliah I, Shams Eldeen AM, Morsy MD. Vanadyl sulphate ameliorates biomarkers of endothelial injury and coagulation and thrombosis in a rat model of hyperglycaemia. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:447-454. [PMID: 31774317 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1691602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine whether the insulin mimicking agent, vanadyl sulphate (Van) can inhibit biomarkers of endothelial injury and coagulation and thrombosis induced by a moderate level of hyperglycaemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hyperglycaemia was induced in rats by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg) two weeks after being fed on a high-fat diet (model group). The treatment group started Van (20 mg/kg/day) treatment one-week post STZ injection and continued on Van until being sacrificed at week 10. RESULTS Administration of Van to the model group significantly (p < .05) ameliorated dyslipidemia and biomarkers of inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, and hsCRP) and endothelial injury (E-selectin, P-selectin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and ET-1). Van also significantly inhibited hyperglycaemia-induced blood levels of coagulation (vWF) and thrombosis (PAI-1 and fibrinogen) biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Vanadyl sulphate effectively suppresses hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial injury, coagulation and thrombosis, which is associated with the inhibition of inflammation and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Shams Eldeen
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M D Morsy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
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24
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Kovacs-Kasa A, Zaied AA, Leanhart S, Koseoglu M, Sridhar S, Lucas R, Fulton DJ, Vazquez JA, Annex BH. Elevated Cytokine Levels in Plasma of Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Do Not Contribute to Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Permeability. Microbiol Spectr 2022;:e0167121. [PMID: 35171047 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01671-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial injury occurs in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to determine the frequency and type of cytokine elevations and their relationship to endothelial injury induced by plasma from patients with SARS-CoV-2 versus controls. Plasma from eight consecutively enrolled patients hospitalized with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection was compared to controls. Endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity was evaluated using ECIS (electric cell-substrate impedance sensing) on human lung microvascular EC. Plasma from all SARS-CoV-2 but none from controls decreased transendothelial resistance to a greater degree than that produced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), the positive control for the assay. Thrombin, angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), complement factor C3a and C5a, and spike protein increased endothelial permeability, but to a lesser extent and a shorter duration when compared to SARS-CoV-2 plasma. Analysis of Ang2, VEGF, and 15 cytokines measured in plasma revealed striking patient-to-patient variability within the SARS-CoV-2 patients. Pretreatment with thrombin inhibitors, single, or combinations of neutralizing antibodies against cytokines, Ca3 and C5a receptor antagonists, or with ACE2 antibody failed to lessen the SARS-CoV-2 plasma-induced EC permeability. The EC barrier destructive effects of plasma from patients with SARS-CoV-2 were susceptible to heat inactivation. Plasma from patients hospitalized with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection uniformly disrupts lung microvascular integrity. No predicted single, or set of, cytokine(s) accounted for the enhanced vascular permeability, although the factor(s) were heat-labile. A still unidentified but potent circulating factor(s) appears to cause the EC disruption in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. IMPORTANCE Lung vascular endothelial injury in SARS-CoV-2 patients is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality and has been linked to more severe complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent death due to multiorgan failure. We have demonstrated that in eight consecutive patients with SARS-CoV-2, who were not selected for evidence of endothelial injury, the diluted plasma-induced intense lung microvascular damage, in vitro. Known endothelial barrier-disruptive agents and proposed mediators of increased endothelial permeability in SARS-CoV-2, induced changes in permeability that were smaller in magnitude and shorter in duration than plasma from patients with SARS-CoV-2. The effect on endothelial cell permeability of plasma from patients with SARS-CoV-2 was heat-labile. The main plasma factor that causes the increased endothelial permeability remains to be identified. Our study provides a possible approach for future studies to understand the underlying mechanisms leading to vascular injury in SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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25
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Jin X, Yang S, Lu J, Wu M. Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis: Relationship and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:804214. [PMID: 35224026 PMCID: PMC8866335 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.804214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plays an important role in the formation, incidence, and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Low-density lipoproteins can be divided into two categories: large and light LDL-C and small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C). In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that sdLDL-C has a strong ability to cause AS because of its unique characteristics, such as having small-sized particles and low density. Therefore, this has become the focus of further research. However, the specific mechanisms regarding the involvement of sdLDL-C in AS have not been fully explained. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of sdLDL-C in AS by reviewing relevant literature in recent years. It was found that sdLDL-C can increase the atherogenic effect by regulating the activity of gene networks, monocytes, and enzymes. This article also reviews the research progress on the effects of sdLDL-C on endothelial function, lipid metabolism, and inflammation; it also discusses its intervention effect. Diet, exercise, and other non-drug interventions can improve sdLDL-C levels. Further, drug interventions such as statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, and niacin have also been found to improve sdLDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jin
- General Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- General Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- General Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Urban C, Hayes HV, Piraino G, Wolfe V, Lahni P, O'Connor M, Phares C, Zingarelli B. Colivelin, a synthetic derivative of humanin, ameliorates endothelial injury and glycocalyx shedding after sepsis in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984298. [PMID: 36119052 PMCID: PMC9478210 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-mediated multiple organ failure. Several clinical and experimental studies have suggested that the glycocalyx is an early target of endothelial injury during an infection. Colivelin, a synthetic derivative of the mitochondrial peptide humanin, has displayed cytoprotective effects in oxidative conditions. In the current study, we aimed to determine the potential therapeutic effects of colivelin in endothelial dysfunction and outcomes of sepsis in vivo. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a clinically relevant model of polymicrobial sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and were treated with vehicle or colivelin (100-200 µg/kg) intraperitoneally at 1 h after CLP. We observed that vehicle-treated mice had early elevation of plasma levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and P-selectin, the angiogenetic factor endoglin and the glycocalyx syndecan-1 at 6 h after CLP when compared to control mice, while levels of angiopoietin-2, a mediator of microvascular disintegration, and the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, an enzyme implicated in clearance of endotoxins, raised at 18 h after CLP. The early elevation of these endothelial and glycocalyx damage biomarkers coincided with lung histological injury and neutrophil inflammation in lung, liver, and kidneys. At transmission electron microscopy analysis, thoracic aortas of septic mice showed increased glycocalyx breakdown and shedding, and damaged mitochondria in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Treatment with colivelin ameliorated lung architecture, reduced organ neutrophil infiltration, and attenuated plasma levels of syndecan-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and interleukin-10. These therapeutic effects of colivelin were associated with amelioration of glycocalyx density and mitochondrial structure in the aorta. At molecular analysis, colivelin treatment was associated with inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase in the aorta and lung. In long-term outcomes studies up to 7 days, co-treatment of colivelin with antimicrobial agents significantly reduced the disease severity score when compared to treatment with antibiotics alone. In conclusion, our data support that damage of the glycocalyx is an early pathogenetic event during sepsis and that colivelin may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of sepsis-associated endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Urban
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Stony Brook Children's, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Hannah V Hayes
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Giovanna Piraino
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vivian Wolfe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Lahni
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael O'Connor
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ciara Phares
- Department of Systems Biology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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27
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Higashikuni Y, Liu W, Obana T, Sata M. Pathogenic Basis of Thromboinflammation and Endothelial Injury in COVID-19: Current Findings and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112081. [PMID: 34769508 PMCID: PMC8584434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic with a great impact on social and economic activities, as well as public health. In most patients, the symptoms of COVID-19 are a high-grade fever and a dry cough, and spontaneously resolve within ten days. However, in severe cases, COVID-19 leads to atypical bilateral interstitial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and systemic thromboembolism, resulting in multiple organ failure with high mortality and morbidity. SARS-CoV-2 has immune evasion mechanisms, including inhibition of interferon signaling and suppression of T cell and B cell responses. SARS-CoV-2 infection directly and indirectly causes dysregulated immune responses, platelet hyperactivation, and endothelial dysfunction, which interact with each other and are exacerbated by cardiovascular risk factors. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the pathogenic basis of thromboinflammation and endothelial injury in COVID-19. We highlight the distinct contributions of dysregulated immune responses, platelet hyperactivation, and endothelial dysfunction to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In addition, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomi Higashikuni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (W.L.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (W.L.); (T.O.)
| | - Takumi Obana
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (W.L.); (T.O.)
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (M.S.)
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28
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Kumar N, Zuo Y, Yalavarthi S, Hunker KL, Knight JS, Kanthi Y, Obi AT, Ganesh SK. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1-Mediated Endothelial Injury and Pro-Inflammatory State Is Amplified by Dihydrotestosterone and Prevented by Mineralocorticoid Antagonism. Viruses 2021; 13:2209. [PMID: 34835015 PMCID: PMC8617813 DOI: 10.3390/v13112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Men are disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and face higher odds of severe illness and death compared to women. The vascular effects of androgen signaling and inflammatory cytokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-mediated endothelial injury are not defined. We determined the effects of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated endothelial injury under conditions of exposure to androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) and tested potentially therapeutic effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism by spironolactone. Circulating endothelial injury markers VCAM-1 and E-selectin were measured in men and women diagnosed with COVID-19. Exposure of endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro to DHT exacerbated spike protein S1-mediated endothelial injury transcripts for the cell adhesion molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and anti-fibrinolytic PAI-1 (p < 0.05), and increased THP-1 monocyte adhesion to ECs (p = 0.032). Spironolactone dramatically reduced DHT+S1-induced endothelial activation. TNF-α exacerbated S1-induced EC activation, which was abrogated by pretreatment with spironolactone. Analysis from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 showed concordant higher circulating VCAM-1 and E-Selectin levels in men, compared to women. A beneficial effect of the FDA-approved drug spironolactone was observed on endothelial cells in vitro, supporting a rationale for further evaluation of mineralocorticoid antagonism as an adjunct treatment in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.K.); (K.L.H.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu Zuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Kristina L. Hunker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.K.); (K.L.H.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.K.); (K.L.H.); (Y.K.)
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrea T. Obi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Santhi K. Ganesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.K.); (K.L.H.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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29
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Conway C, Nezami FR, Rogers C, Groothuis A, Squire JC, Edelman ER. Acute Stent-Induced Endothelial Denudation: Biomechanical Predictors of Vascular Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:733605. [PMID: 34722666 PMCID: PMC8553954 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.733605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent concern for local drug delivery and withdrawal of the first Food and Drug Administration-approved bioresorbable scaffold emphasizes the need to optimize the relationships between stent design and drug release with imposed arterial injury and observed pharmacodynamics. In this study, we examine the hypothesis that vascular injury is predictable from stent design and that the expanding force of stent deployment results in increased circumferential stress in the arterial tissue, which may explain acute injury poststent deployment. Using both numerical simulations and ex vivo experiments on three different stent designs (slotted tube, corrugated ring, and delta wing), arterial injury due to device deployment was examined. Furthermore, using numerical simulations, the consequence of changing stent strut radial thickness on arterial wall shear stress and arterial circumferential stress distributions was examined. Regions with predicted arterial circumferential stress exceeding a threshold of 49.5 kPa compared favorably with observed ex vivo endothelial denudation for the three considered stent designs. In addition, increasing strut thickness was predicted to result in more areas of denudation and larger areas exposed to low wall shear stress. We conclude that the acute arterial injury, observed immediately following stent expansion, is caused by high circumferential hoop stresses in the interstrut region, and denuded area profiles are dependent on unit cell geometric features. Such findings when coupled with where drugs move might explain the drug–device interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Conway
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Farhad R Nezami
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States.,Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Campbell Rogers
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,HeartFlow Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Adam Groothuis
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - James C Squire
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington City, KY, United States
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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30
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Liu W, Xi W, Li Y, Hai K, Zhou X, Wang Y, Ye Q. MicroRNA-216a-5p in lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial injury. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1426. [PMID: 34707707 PMCID: PMC8543236 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a type of non-coding RNA that are closely associated with disease development and treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-216a-5p in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial injury in vitro. The EdU assay was performed to detect EdU-positive cells, while flow cytometric analysis was performed to detect apoptotic cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of miR-216a-5p, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB(p65) and phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB(p65). Furthermore, p-NF-κB(p65) nuclear expression level was detected via cellular immunofluorescence. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the association between miR-216a-5p and TLR4. The results demonstrated that the number of EdU-positive cells significantly decreased, the apoptotic rate significantly increased, and TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65) mRNA expression levels were significantly upregulated.TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB(p65) protein expression levels were significantly upregulated and p-NF-κB(p65) nuclear concentration was significantly enhanced in the small interfering RNA-miR-216a-5p and LPS groups (P<0.001, respectively) compared with the negative control group. However, the addition of miR-216a-5p significantly increased the number of EdU-positive cells, significantly decreased the apoptotic rate and significantly downregulated the mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65), as well as the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB(p65). In addition, the p-NF-κB(p65) nuclear concentration was significantly decreased in the miR-216a-5p group (P<0.001, respectively) compared with the LPS group. Taken together, the results suggest that overexpression of miR-216a-5p suppresses the effects of LPS induced endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Gansu 750004, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Xi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Gansu 750004, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Gansu 750004, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Kerong Hai
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Qingshan Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
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Liu W, Li Y, Wu Z, Hai K, Wang Y, Zhou X, Ye Q. Heparin alleviates LPS-induced endothelial injury by regulating the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1397. [PMID: 34650645 PMCID: PMC8506914 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin is a commonly used in the clinic, however, Heparin's effect on endothelial injury remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects and possible mechanisms of action underlying heparin treatment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial injury in vitro. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were measured using ELISA. Cell proliferation was measured using a 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. The number of apoptotic cells and apoptotic rate were evaluated using TUNEL assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and NF-κB (p65) gene expression was evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, whilst TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB (p65) protein expression was evaluated using western blot analysis. The levels of phosphorylated NF-κB in the nucleus were evaluated using cellular immunofluorescence. Compared with those in the normal control group, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were significantly increased in the LPS group (P<0.001). In addition, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU)-positive cells were significantly increased and apoptosis was significantly decreased (P<0.001). TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB (p65) expression was also significantly increased (P<0.001). Compared with those in the LPS group, following heparin treatment, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05), whilst the number of EdU-positive cells was significantly increased and the level of apoptosis was significantly decreased (P<0.05). TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB (p65) expression was also significantly decreased by heparin in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.001). Small interfering RNA-TLR4 transfection exerted similar effects to those mediated by heparin in alleviating endothelial injury. In conclusion, heparin suppressed LPS-induced endothelial injury through the regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB (p65) signaling in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxun Liu
- Anesthesia Specialty, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Anesthesia Specialty, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Zhaozhao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Kerong Hai
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Qingshan Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
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Abstract
Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose To provide an overview of current literature on the pathophysiology of sepsis, with a focus on mediators of endothelial injury and organ dysfunction. Summary Sepsis is a dysregulated response to infection that triggers cascades of interconnected systems. Sepsis has been a significant cause of mortality worldwide, and the recent viral pandemic that may produce severe sepsis and septic shock has been a major contributor to sepsis-related mortality. Understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis has changed dramatically over the last several decades. Significant insight into the components of the inflammatory response that contribute to endothelial injury and trigger coagulation pathways has been achieved. Similarly, characterization of anti-inflammatory pathways that may lead to secondary infections and poor outcome has illustrated opportunities for improved therapies. Description of an increasing number of important mediators and pathways has occurred and may point the way to novel therapies to address immune dysregulation. Pharmacists will need a fundamental understanding of the overlapping pathways of the immune response to fully prepare for use of novel treatment options. While pharmacists typically understand coagulation cascade how to utilize anticoagulants, the issues in sepsis related coagulopathy and role of mediators such as cytokines and complement and role of activated platelets and neutrophils require a different perspective. Conclusion Pharmacists can benefit from understanding both the cellular and organ system issues in sepsis to facilitate assessment of potential therapies for risk and benefit.
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Krishnamachary B, Mahajan A, Kumar A, Agarwal S, Mohan A, Chen L, Hsue PY, Chalise P, Morris A, Dhillon NK. Extracellular Vesicle TGF-β1 Is Linked to Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:413-429. [PMID: 34014809 PMCID: PMC8525206 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0010oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators in cell-cell communication; however, their relevance in pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is yet to be explored. Considering that circulating monocytes are the source of the increased number of perivascular macrophages surrounding the remodeled vessels in PH, this study aimed to identify the role of circulating small EVs and EVs released by HIV-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages in the development of PH. We report significantly higher numbers of plasma-derived EVs carrying higher levels of TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) in HIV-positive individuals with PH compared with individuals without PH. Importantly, levels of these TGF-β1-loaded, plasma-derived EVs correlated with pulmonary arterial systolic pressures and CD4 counts but did not correlate with the Dl CO or viral load. Correspondingly, enhanced TGF-β1-dependent pulmonary endothelial injury and smooth muscle hyperplasia were observed. HIV-1 infection of monocyte-derived macrophages in the presence of cocaine resulted in an increased number of TGF-β1-high EVs, and intravenous injection of these EVs in rats led to increased right ventricle systolic pressure accompanied by myocardial injury and increased levels of serum ET-1 (endothelin-1), TNF-α, and cardiac troponin-I. Conversely, pretreatment of rats with TGF-β receptor 1 inhibitor prevented these EV-mediated changes. Findings define the ability of macrophage-derived small EVs to cause pulmonary vascular modeling and PH via modulation of TGF-β signaling and suggest clinical implications of circulating TGF-β-high EVs as a potential biomarker of HIV-associated PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Aatish Mahajan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Aradhana Mohan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Priscilla Y. Hsue
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Prabhakar Chalise
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Alison Morris
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Navneet K. Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
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De Fabritiis M, Angelini ML, Fabbrizio B, Cenacchi G, Americo C, Cristino S, Lifrieri MF, Cappuccilli M, Spazzoli A, Zambianchi L, Mosconi G. Renal Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Concurrent COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081045. [PMID: 34451509 PMCID: PMC8400339 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the development of nephrotic proteinuria and microhematuria, with histological features of renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), following the first dose of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) and COVID-19 diagnosis. A 35-year-old previously healthy man was admitted at our hospital due to the onset of foamy urine. Previously, 40 days earlier, he had received the first injection of the vaccine, and 33 days earlier, the RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 tested positive. Laboratory tests showed nephrotic proteinuria (7.9 gr/day), microhematuria, serum creatinine 0.91 mg/dL. Kidney biopsy revealed ultrastructural evidence of severe endothelial cell injury suggestive of a starting phase of TMA. After high-dose steroid treatment administration, complete remission of proteinuria was achieved in a few weeks. The association of COVID-19 with renal TMA has been previously described only in patients with acute renal injury. Besides, the correlation with COVID-19 vaccine has not been reported so far. The close temporal proximity (7 days) between the two events opens the question whether the histological findings should be ascribed to COVID-19 itself or to vaccine injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Fabritiis
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (M.D.F.); (M.L.A.); (C.A.); (S.C.); (M.F.L.); (A.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Maria Laura Angelini
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (M.D.F.); (M.L.A.); (C.A.); (S.C.); (M.F.L.); (A.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Benedetta Fabbrizio
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Pathological Anatomy, Sector of Diagnostic and Subcellular Pathology, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Americo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (M.D.F.); (M.L.A.); (C.A.); (S.C.); (M.F.L.); (A.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Stefania Cristino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (M.D.F.); (M.L.A.); (C.A.); (S.C.); (M.F.L.); (A.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Maria Francesca Lifrieri
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (M.D.F.); (M.L.A.); (C.A.); (S.C.); (M.F.L.); (A.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Maria Cappuccilli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Spazzoli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (M.D.F.); (M.L.A.); (C.A.); (S.C.); (M.F.L.); (A.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Loretta Zambianchi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (M.D.F.); (M.L.A.); (C.A.); (S.C.); (M.F.L.); (A.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Mosconi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (M.D.F.); (M.L.A.); (C.A.); (S.C.); (M.F.L.); (A.S.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0543-735300
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a severe complication of transplant. TA-TMA is a multifactorial disease where generalized endothelial dysfunction leads to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, intravascular platelet activation, and formation of microthrombi leading to end-organ injury. It is essential to identify patients at risk for this complication and to implement early interventions to improve TA-TMA associated transplant outcomes. AREAS COVERED Recognition of TA-TMA and associated multi-organ injury, risk predictors, contributing factors, differential diagnosis and targeting complement pathway in TA-TMA by summarizing peer reviewed manuscripts. EXPERT OPINION TA-TMA is an important transplant complication. Diagnostic and risk criteria are established in children and young adults and risk-based targeted therapies have been proposed using complement blockers. The immediate goal is to extend this work into adult stem cell transplant recipients by implementing universal TA-TMA screening practices. This will facilitate early TA-TMA diagnosis and targeted interventions, which will further improve survival. While complement blocking therapy is effective, about one third of patients are refractory to treatment and those patients commonly die. The next hurdle for the field is identifying reasons for failure, optimizing strategies for complement modifying therapy and searching for additional targetable pathways of endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonata Jodele
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anthony Sabulski
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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He XN, Xin JY, Zhan JL, Wu FK, Hou J, Sun ZB, Wang J, Zhang XL, Bai YC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce endothelial injury through miR-155 to promote atherosclerosis. Environ Mol Mutagen 2021; 62:409-421. [PMID: 34331478 DOI: 10.1002/em.22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as an external factor that induces atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although miR-155 is known to be involved in cardiovascular disease, whether it is involved in PAH-induced arteriosclerosis remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of PAHs on vascularization, permeability, and miR-155 expression in HUVECs. We found that PAHs-induced sclerosis of HUVECs was characterized by increasing permeability, decreasing proliferation, and vascular lumen number. The expression of miR-155 was upregulated by PAHs treatment, and transfection with miR-155 inhibitor could reverse above effect of PAHs-induced sclerosis. Meanwhile, transcriptome sequencing revealed that 63 genes were downregulated in the group of PAHs treatment alone, and were then upregulated in the miR-155 inhibitor group. These genes were mainly involved in complement and coagulation cascades, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Among these 63 genes, SERPIND1 was directly targeted and regulated by miR-155. Further in vivo experiments in ApoE-/- mice confirmed that PAH accelerates the development of arteriosclerosis by promoting the expression of miR-155 to downregulate the SERPIND1. Therefore, PAH exaggerates atherosclerosis by activating miR-155-dependent endothelial injury. This study provides a fundamental insight on the miR-155 mechanism for PAHs enhancing atherosclerosis and miR-155 potentially serving as a novel drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan He
- Emergency Critical Care Center, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Xin
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Liang Zhan
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Kun Wu
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Hou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Zhao-Bin Sun
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Beijing Regional Climate Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Chen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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Price LC, Ridge C, Wells AU. Pulmonary vascular involvement in COVID-19 pneumonitis: Is this the first and final insult? Respirology 2021; 26:832-834. [PMID: 34322959 PMCID: PMC8446977 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
See relatedarticle See relatedarticle
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Claire Price
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carole Ridge
- National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Athol U Wells
- National Lung and Heart Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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Krishnamachary B, Cook C, Kumar A, Spikes L, Chalise P, Dhillon NK. Extracellular vesicle-mediated endothelial apoptosis and EV-associated proteins correlate with COVID-19 disease severity. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12117. [PMID: 34262673 PMCID: PMC8254805 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has lead to a global pandemic with a rising toll in infections and deaths. Better understanding of its pathogenesis will greatly improve the outcomes and treatment of affected patients. Here we compared the inflammatory and cardiovascular disease-related protein cargo of circulating large and small extracellular vesicles (EVs) from 84 hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 with different stages of disease severity. Our findings reveal significant enrichment of proinflammatory, procoagulation, immunoregulatory and tissue-remodelling protein signatures in EVs, which remarkably distinguished symptomatic COVID-19 patients from uninfected controls with matched comorbidities and delineated those with moderate disease from those who were critically ill. Specifically, EN-RAGE, followed by TF and IL-18R1, showed the strongest correlation with disease severity and length of hospitalization. Importantly, EVs from COVID-19 patients induced apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in the order of disease severity. In conclusion, our findings support a role for EVs in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease and underpin the development of EV-based approaches to predicting disease severity, determining need for patient hospitalization and identifying new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Christine Cook
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Leslie Spikes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Prabhakar Chalise
- Department of Biostatistics & Data ScienceUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Navneet K. Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
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Gozal E, Jagadapillai R, Cai J, Barnes GN. Potential crosstalk between sonic hedgehog-WNT signaling and neurovascular molecules: Implications for blood-brain barrier integrity in autism spectrum disorder. J Neurochem 2021. [PMID: 34169527 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease originating from combined genetic and environmental factors. Post-mortem human studies and some animal ASD models have shown brain neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. However, the signaling pathways leading to these inflammatory findings and vascular alterations are currently unclear. The BBB plays a critical role in controlling brain homeostasis and immune response. Its dysfunction can result from developmental genetic abnormalities or neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore the role of the Sonic Hedgehog/Wingless-related integration site (Shh/Wnt) pathways in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and BBB development. The balance between Wnt-β-catenin and Shh pathways controls angiogenesis, barriergenesis, neurodevelopment, central nervous system (CNS) morphogenesis, and neuronal guidance. These interactions are critical to maintain BBB function in the mature CNS to prevent the influx of pathogens and inflammatory cells. Genetic mutations of key components of these pathways have been identified in ASD patients and animal models, which correlate with the severity of ASD symptoms. Disruption of the Shh/Wnt crosstalk may therefore compromise BBB development and function. In turn, impaired Shh signaling and glial activation may cause neuroinflammation that could disrupt the BBB. Elucidating how ASD-related mutations of Shh/Wnt signaling could cause BBB leaks and neuroinflammation will contribute to our understanding of the role of their interactions in ASD pathophysiology. These observations may provide novel targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent or alleviate ASD symptoms while preserving normal developmental processes. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory N Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Gozal E, Jagadapillai R, Cai J, Barnes GN. Potential crosstalk between sonic hedgehog-WNT signaling and neurovascular molecules: Implications for blood-brain barrier integrity in autism spectrum disorder. J Neurochem 2021; 159:15-28. [PMID: 34169527 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease originating from combined genetic and environmental factors. Post-mortem human studies and some animal ASD models have shown brain neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. However, the signaling pathways leading to these inflammatory findings and vascular alterations are currently unclear. The BBB plays a critical role in controlling brain homeostasis and immune response. Its dysfunction can result from developmental genetic abnormalities or neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore the role of the Sonic Hedgehog/Wingless-related integration site (Shh/Wnt) pathways in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and BBB development. The balance between Wnt-β-catenin and Shh pathways controls angiogenesis, barriergenesis, neurodevelopment, central nervous system (CNS) morphogenesis, and neuronal guidance. These interactions are critical to maintain BBB function in the mature CNS to prevent the influx of pathogens and inflammatory cells. Genetic mutations of key components of these pathways have been identified in ASD patients and animal models, which correlate with the severity of ASD symptoms. Disruption of the Shh/Wnt crosstalk may therefore compromise BBB development and function. In turn, impaired Shh signaling and glial activation may cause neuroinflammation that could disrupt the BBB. Elucidating how ASD-related mutations of Shh/Wnt signaling could cause BBB leaks and neuroinflammation will contribute to our understanding of the role of their interactions in ASD pathophysiology. These observations may provide novel targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent or alleviate ASD symptoms while preserving normal developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory N Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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41
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Aleš Rigler A, Večerić-Haler Ž, Arnol M, Perše M, Boštjančič E, Pleško J, Simčič S, Kojc N. Exploring the role of the complement system, endothelial injury, and microRNAs in thrombotic microangiopathy after kidney transplantation. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520980530. [PMID: 33372813 PMCID: PMC7783899 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520980530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated whether the recipient’s complement system function, kidney
graft endothelial ultrastructural injury, and microRNA (miRNA) expression
before transplantation may be associated with the risk of posttransplant
de novo thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Methods Complement system function assessment, histological and ultrastructural
examination of preimplantation and kidney graft biopsies, and microRNA
assessment were performed on kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with
de novo TMA. Results On the basis of the clinical course, histological findings, and miRNA
patterns, the following two de novo TMA phenotypes were
observed: a self-limiting disease that was localized to the kidney graft and
a systemic disease that progressed to graft failure without timely
treatment. Decreased alternative complement pathway activity and
ultrastructural endothelial injury before transplantation were confirmed in
all five KTRs and four of five KTRs, respectively, but they did not
correlate with de novo TMA severity. Conclusions Alternative complement pathway abnormalities in KTRs and endothelial
ultrastructural injury on preimplantation biopsy might be associated with
de novo posttransplant TMA, although they did not
predict posttransplant TMA severity (localized vs.
systemic). The specific miRNA expression patterns in preimplantation kidney
graft biopsies demonstrated a borderline statistically significant
difference and might provide more accurate information on posttransplant TMA
severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Željka Večerić-Haler
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Arnol
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Perše
- Medical Experimental Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Emanuela Boštjančič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerica Pleško
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Simčič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Kojc
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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42
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Chen X, Geng X, Jin S, Xu J, Guo M, Shen D, Ding X, Liu H, Xu X. The Association of Syndecan-1, Hypercoagulable State and Thrombosis and in Patients With Nephrotic Syndrome. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211010256. [PMID: 33942670 PMCID: PMC8114750 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether Syndecan-1 (SDC-1), an indicator of endothelial glycocalyx injury, would increase the risk of hypercoagulable state and thrombosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). The prospective study was conducted among patients undergoing renal biopsy in the Department of Nephrology in our hospital from May to September 2018. We enrolled in patients with NS as the experimental group and patients with normal serum creatinine and proteinuria less than 1 g as the control group. Patients’ characteristics including age, sex, laboratory test results and blood samples were collected for each patient. The blood samples were taken before the renal biopsy. The samples were immediately processed and frozen at −80°C for later measurement of Syndecan-1. One hundred and thirty-six patients were enrolled in the study. Patients with NS and hypercoagulability had a higher level of SDC-1 compared with control group. Patients with membranous nephropathy occupied the highest SDC-1 level (P = 0.012). Logistic regression showed that highly increased level of SDC-1 (>53.18 ng/ml) was an independent predicator for predicting hypercoagulable state. The elevated level of SDC-1 indicated that endothelial injury, combined with its role of accelerating hypercoagulable state, might be considered of vital importance in the pathophysiological progress of thrombosis formation in patients with NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, 92323Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis (SIKD), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Geng
- Department of Nephrology, 92323Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis (SIKD), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Nephrology, 92323Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis (SIKD), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- Department of Nephrology, 92323Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis (SIKD), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Guo
- Department of Nephrology, 92323Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis (SIKD), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoqi Shen
- Department of Nephrology, 92323Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis (SIKD), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, 92323Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis (SIKD), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, 92323Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis (SIKD), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xialian Xu
- Department of Nephrology, 92323Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis (SIKD), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Liang S, Ning R, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhang J, Shen H, Chen R, Duan J, Sun Z. MiR-939-5p suppresses PM 2.5-induced endothelial injury via targeting HIF-1α in HAECs. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:706-720. [PMID: 33941019 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1917716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is a leading cause of non-communicable disease in the world. PM2.5 has the potential to change the miRNAs profiles, which in turn causes cardiovascular effects. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. Yet, the possible role of miR-939-5p/HIF-1α in PM2.5-induced endothelial injury remains elusive. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the effects of miR-939-5p and HIF-1α on PM2.5-triggered endothelial injury. The results from immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, LSCM, and western blot assays demonstrated that PM2.5 increased the levels of HIF-1α, inflammation and apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Yet, the inflammatory response and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway were effectively inhibited in HIF-1α knockdown HAECs lines. The expression of miR-939-5p was significantly down-regulated in HAECs after exposed to PM2.5. The luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR and western blot results demonstrated that miR-939-5p could directly targeted HIF-1α. And the miR-939-5p overexpression restricted PM2.5-triggered decreases in cell viability and increases in lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and inflammation. In addition, miR-939-5p overexpression remarkably suppressed PM2.5-triggered BcL-2/Bax ratio reduction and Cytochrome C, Cleaved Caspase-9 and Cleaved Caspase-3 expression increase, revealed that miR-939-5p hampered PM2.5-induced endothelial apoptosis through mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. Our results demonstrated that PM2.5 increased the expression of HIF-1α followed by a pro-inflammatory and apoptotic response in HAECs. The protective effect of miR-939-5p on PM2.5-triggered endothelial cell injury by negatively regulating HIF-1α. miR-939-5p might present a new therapeutic target for PM2.5 induced endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Urban Environment, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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Mei ZW, van Wijk XMR, Pham HP, Marin MJ. Role of von Willebrand Factor in COVID-19 Associated Coagulopathy. J Appl Lab Med 2021; 6:1305-1315. [PMID: 33930144 PMCID: PMC8135722 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) can present with symptoms ranging from none to severe. Thrombotic events occur in a significant number of patients with COVID-19, especially in critically ill patients. This apparent novel form of coagulopathy is termed COVID-19 associated coagulopathy and endothelial derived von Willebrand factor (vWF) may play an important role in its pathogenesis. Content vWF is a multimeric glycoprotein molecule that is involved in inflammation, primary and secondary hemostasis. Studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 have significantly elevated levels of vWF antigen and activity, likely contributing to an increased risk of thrombosis seen in CAC. The high levels of both vWF antigen and activity have been clinically correlated with worse outcomes. Furthermore, the severity of a COVID-19 infection appears to reduce molecules that regulate vWF level and activity such as ADAMT-13 and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Finally, studies have suggested that patients with blood group O (a blood group with lower than baseline levels of vWF) have a lower risk of infection and disease severity compared to other blood groups; however, more studies are needed to elucidate the role of vWF Summary CAC is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction with the release of pro-thrombotic factors, such as vWF, needs further examination as a possible important component in the pathogenesis CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen W Mei
- The University of California Los Angeles, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | - Huy P Pham
- National Marrow Donor Program, Be the Match Collection Center Seattle
| | - Maximo J Marin
- The University of Southern California, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Ave., NTT 2424, Los Angeles, California 90033
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45
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Gao Y, Li G, Fan S, Wang Y, Wei H, Li M, Li X. Circ_0093887 upregulates CCND2 and SUCNR1 to inhibit the ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis by functioning as a miR-876-3p sponge. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1137-1149. [PMID: 33844344 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely expressed in mammals and act as regulatory targets in the atherogenesis. The objective of this study was to research the biological role and molecular mechanism of circ_0093887 in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced atherosclerosis (AS) of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Cell viability detection was performed by CCK-8 assay. Inflammatory molecules were examined using ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell-cycle progression and cell apoptotic rate. Caspase 3 activity was determined using caspase 3 activity assay. The expression levels of circ_0093887, miR-876-3p, CCND2 and SUCNR1 were assayed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays were used for the target analysis. EdU assay, wound healing assay/transwell assay and tube formation assay were, respectively, used to assess the effects of circ_0093887/miR-876-3p axis on cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein inhibited cell viability and cell-cycle progression but induced the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. Circ_0093887 was downregulated and miR-876-3p was upregulated in AS patients and ox-LDL-treated HAECs. Functionally, the overexpression of circ_0093887 abrogated the cell injury of HAEC exposed to ox-LDL. For the functional mechanism, we found that circ_0093887 was a sponge for miR-876-3p and miR-876 targeted CCND2 or SUCNR1. The reverted experiment indicated that the function of circ_0093887 was achieved by sponging miR-876-3p. Meanwhile, miR-876-3p inhibitor relieved the inhibitory regulation of circ_0093887 knockdown in cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. Downregulation of miR-876-3p also alleviated the ox-LDL-induced cell injury by upregulating the expression of CCND2 or SUCNR1. Furthermore, circ_0093887 was validated to regulate the levels of CCND2 and SUCNR1 via the sponge effect on miR-876-3p. The protective effects of circ_0093887 on HAECs from ox-LDL were also alleviated by repressing the CCND2 and SUCNR1 levels. These findings suggested that circ_0093887 protected HAEC against the ox-LDL-induced inflammatory and apoptotic damages by targeting the miR-876-3p/CCND2 or miR-876/SUCNRA axis. Circ_0093887 could act as a potential therapeutic biomarker for AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangnan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shasha Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) could induce endothelial injury and played a vital role in the progression and development of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of Opa-interacting protein 5 antisense RNA 1 (OIP5-AS1) in ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury and the potential mechanisms. METHODS Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected by corresponding detection kits, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to measure the expression of OIP5-AS1 or microRNA-30c-5p (miR-30c-5p) in HUVECs. Binding between OIP5-AS1 and miR-30c-5p was predicted through bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Western blot was used to analyze p-IκB, IκB, p-p65 and p65 levels. RESULTS In HUVECs, exposure to ox-LDL led to a decrease in cell viability and an increase in LDH release and apoptosis with concomitant enhancement of oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased ROS and MDA generation, as well as decreased SOD activity and NO levels, while OIP5-AS1 knockdown or miR-30c-5p upregulation could rescue these effects above. Mechanically, OIP5-AS1 functioned as a sponge of miR-30c-5p. OIP5-AS1-induced injury and apoptosis, oxidative stress and activation of NF-κB pathway were reversed by miR-30c-5p in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. CONCLUSION OIP5-AS1 contributed to ox-LDL-treated HUVECs injury by activation of NF-κB pathway via miR-30c-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qiulai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qiao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Kumboyono K, Nurwidyaningtyas W, Chomsy IN, Wihastuti TA. Early Detection of Negative Smoking Impacts: Vascular Adaptation Deviation Based on Quantification of Circulated Endothelial Activation Markers. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:103-109. [PMID: 33790567 PMCID: PMC8001718 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s296293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Smoking can cause vascular damage in the form of an inflammatory reaction characterized by endothelial activation. Endothelial activation forms a pathological adaptation pattern so that it can induce the atherogenesis process. Several markers, such as E-selectin, platelet-derived micro particles (PMPs) and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) can identify the activation of endothelial in circulating blood. Therefore, the deviation of vascular adaptation due to smoking can be detected early through the feedback mechanism between E-selectin, PMPs, and HSC. Purpose This study aims to analyze the initial picture of the negative impact of smoking on vascular adaptation by measuring E-selectin, PMPs, and HSC in the peripheral blood circulation. Participant criteria and methods: Peripheral blood samples (5 mL) were taken from each participant, both the smoking group (n = 30) and the non-smoker group (n = 31) to obtain peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). PBMNC was isolated using ficoll-based gradient centrifugation. The flow cytometry assay method used to measure the E-selectin, PMPs and hematopoietic stem cells. Results The mean of circulating E-selectin in smokers was higher than that of non-smokers. On the other hand, the average number of PMPs and HSCs in smokers was lower than non-smokers. Conclusion Smoking increases the risk of accelerated vascular block formation, as indicated by an increase in the amount of circulating E-selectin. The increase in E-selectin in the blood vessels mediates the increased adhesion of PMPs in the vascular area so that the number of circulating PMPs in smokers decreases. The decrease in circulating PMPs decreases the signal of vascular repair, which is characterized by a decline in the number of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumboyono Kumboyono
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Wiwit Nurwidyaningtyas
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Indah Nur Chomsy
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
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Abou-Arab O, Kamel S, Bar S, Beyls C, Huette P, Gomila C, Avondo C, Touati G, Tribouilloy C, Dupont H, Lorne E, Guinot PG. Changes in Plasma Angiopoietin Levels After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 35:3215-3222. [PMID: 33867234 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiopoietins (Angs) regulate endothelial permeability. Ang-1 and 2 (Ang-1 and Ang-2) are implied in endothelial stability through an antagonism effect. The objectives of the present study were to describe and compare changes in Ang levels after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). DESIGN A prospective, single-center study. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients with aortic stenosis scheduled for SAVR or TAVR. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Ang-1 and Ang-2 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay right before surgery (T0), at the end of surgery (T1), and at day one (T2). Sixty consecutive patients (SAVR group [n = 30] and TAVR group [n = 30]) were included between January and June 2017. Ang-1 decreased significantly after both TAVR (T0: 3,663 [2,602-4,262]; T1: 1,611 [981-2,409]; T2: 1,082 [652-1,589] ng/mL; p < 0.0001) and SAVR (T0: 1,603 [975-2,849]; T1: 783 [547-1,024]; T2: 828 [460-1,227] ng/mL; p = 0.0001). Ang-2 increased significantly after SAVR (T0: 2,472 [1,502-3,622]; T1: 2,997 [1,759-3,839]; T2: 5,421 [3,557-7,087] ng/mL; p < 0.0001) but did not change markedly after TAVR (T0: 3,343 [2,661-6,272]; T1: 3,788 [2,574-5,016]; T2: 3,446 [3,029-6,313] ng/mL; p = 0.066). Among patients with paravalvular leakage, the changes in the plasma Ang-2 level and the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio were greater. CONCLUSION SAVR induces greater alterations of Ang homeostasis than TAVR, confirming a role for the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Paravalvular leakage after TAVR is associated with Ang changes similar to those observed with SAVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abou-Arab
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Amiens Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France; MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.
| | - Said Kamel
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Stéphane Bar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Amiens Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Beyls
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Amiens Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Pierre Huette
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Amiens Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Cathy Gomila
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Carine Avondo
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Gilles Touati
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Amiens Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | | | - Hervé Dupont
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Amiens Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Emmanuel Lorne
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Clinique du Millénaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Grégoire Guinot
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
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Mao C, Li D, Zhou E, Zhang J, Wang C, Xue C. Nicotine exacerbates atherosclerosis through a macrophage-mediated endothelial injury pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7627-7643. [PMID: 33626512 PMCID: PMC7993665 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that nicotine intake promotes atherosclerosis. We enrolled 100 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and found that plaque burden, TXNIP expression, and inflammatory chemokine levels were higher in smokers than non-smokers. Additionally, patients with higher TXNIP expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) had a higher Gensini Scores and higher plasma IL-1β and IL-18 levels. Treating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with nicotine in vitro led to enhanced lipid phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and promoted pyroptosis, as evidenced by caspase-1 cleavage and increased production of IL-1β, IL-18, and gasdermin D. Nicotine intake by ApoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet recapitulated those phenotypes. The effects of nicotine on pyroptotic signaling were reversed by N-acetyl-cysteine, a ROS scavenger. Silencing TXNIP in vivo reversed the effects of nicotine on macrophage invasion and vascular injury. Nicotine also induced pyroptotic macrophages that contributed to the apoptotic death of endothelial cells. These findings suggest that nicotine accelerates atherosclerosis in part by promoting macrophage pyroptosis and endothelial damage. Therefore, targeting the TXNIP/NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway in macrophages may ameliorate nicotine-induced endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChengYu Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - DongJiu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - En Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - JunFeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - ChangQian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
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Pfister F, Vonbrunn E, Ries T, Jäck HM, Überla K, Lochnit G, Sheriff A, Herrmann M, Büttner-Herold M, Amann K, Daniel C. Complement Activation in Kidneys of Patients With COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594849. [PMID: 33584662 PMCID: PMC7878379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients who became critically ill following infection with COVID-19 develop severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) attributed to a maladaptive or inadequate immune response. The complement system is an important component of the innate immune system that is involved in the opsonization of viruses but also in triggering further immune cell responses. Complement activation was seen in plasma adsorber material that clogged during the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Apart from the lung, the kidney is the second most common organ affected by COVID-19. Using immunohistochemistry for complement factors C1q, MASP-2, C3c, C3d, C4d, and C5b-9 we investigated the involvement of the complement system in six kidney biopsies with acute kidney failure in different clinical settings and three kidneys from autopsy material of patients with COVID-19. Renal tissue was analyzed for signs of renal injury by detection of thrombus formation using CD61, endothelial cell rarefaction using the marker E-26 transformation specific-related gene (ERG-) and proliferation using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-staining. SARS-CoV-2 was detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Biopsies from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS, n = 5), severe acute tubular injury (ATI, n = 7), zero biopsies with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, n = 7) and 1 year protocol biopsies from renal transplants (Ctrl, n = 7) served as controls. In the material clogging plasma adsorbers used for extracorporeal therapy of patients with COVID-19 C3 was the dominant protein but collectin 11 and MASP-2 were also identified. SARS-CoV-2 was sporadically present in varying numbers in some biopsies from patients with COVID-19. The highest frequency of CD61-positive platelets was found in peritubular capillaries and arteries of COVID-19 infected renal specimens as compared to all controls. Apart from COVID-19 specimens, MASP-2 was detected in glomeruli with DIC and ATI. In contrast, the classical pathway (i.e. C1q) was hardly seen in COVID-19 biopsies. Both C3 cleavage products C3c and C3d were strongly detected in renal arteries but also occurs in glomerular capillaries of COVID-19 biopsies, while tubular C3d was stronger than C3c in biopsies from COVID-19 patients. The membrane attack complex C5b-9, demonstrating terminal pathway activation, was predominantly deposited in COVID-19 biopsies in peritubular capillaries, renal arterioles, and tubular basement membrane with similar or even higher frequency compared to controls. In conclusion, various complement pathways were activated in COVID-19 kidneys, the lectin pathway mainly in peritubular capillaries and in part the classical pathway in renal arteries whereas the alternative pathway seem to be crucial for tubular complement activation. Therefore, activation of the complement system might be involved in the worsening of renal injury. Complement inhibition might thus be a promising treatment option to prevent deregulated activation and subsequent collateral tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Pfister
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Vonbrunn
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tajana Ries
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Nikolaus-Fiebinger-Center FAU, Department of Medicine 3, Division of Molecular Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Department of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Günter Lochnit
- Department of Biochemistry, Division Protein Analystics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Medicine 3, Institute for Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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