1
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Herr LM, Schaffer ED, Fuchs KF, Datta A, Brosh RM. Replication stress as a driver of cellular senescence and aging. Commun Biol 2024; 7:616. [PMID: 38777831 PMCID: PMC11111458 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress refers to slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis that disrupts faithful copying of the genome. While long considered a nexus for DNA damage, the role of replication stress in aging is under-appreciated. The consequential role of replication stress in promotion of organismal aging phenotypes is evidenced by an extensive list of hereditary accelerated aging disorders marked by molecular defects in factors that promote replication fork progression and operate uniquely in the replication stress response. Additionally, recent studies have revealed cellular pathways and phenotypes elicited by replication stress that align with designated hallmarks of aging. Here we review recent advances demonstrating the role of replication stress as an ultimate driver of cellular senescence and aging. We discuss clinical implications of the intriguing links between cellular senescence and aging including application of senotherapeutic approaches in the context of replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Herr
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan D Schaffer
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Fuchs
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Wang J, Wang Z, Liu C, Song M, Xu Q, Liu Y, Yan H. Genome analysis of a newly isolated Bacillus velezensis-YW01 for biodegrading acetaldehyde. Biodegradation 2024:10.1007/s10532-024-10075-4. [PMID: 38573500 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Acetaldehyde (AL), a primary carcinogen, not only pollutes the environment, but also endangers human health after drinking alcohol. Here a promising bacterial strain was successfully isolated from a white wine cellar pool in the province of Shandong, China, and identified as Bacillus velezensis-YW01 with 16 S rDNA sequence. Using AL as sole carbon source, initial AL of 1 g/L could be completely biodegraded by YW01 within 84 h and the cell-free extracts of YW01 has also been detected to biodegrade the AL, which indicate that YW01 is a high-potential strain for the biodegradation of AL. The optimal culture conditions and the biodegradation of AL of YW01 are at pH 7.0 and 38 °C, respectively. To further analyze the biodegradation mechanism of AL, the whole genome of YW01 was sequenced. Genes ORF1040, ORF1814 and ORF0127 were revealed in KEGG, which encode for acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Furthermore, ORF0881 and ORF052 encode for ethanol dehydrogenase. This work provides valuable information for exploring metabolic pathway of converting ethanol to AL and subsequently converting AL to carboxylic acid compounds, which opened up potential pathways for the development of microbial catalyst against AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meijie Song
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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3
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van de Kooij B, Schreuder A, Pavani R, Garzero V, Uruci S, Wendel TJ, van Hoeck A, San Martin Alonso M, Everts M, Koerse D, Callen E, Boom J, Mei H, Cuppen E, Luijsterburg MS, van Vugt MATM, Nussenzweig A, van Attikum H, Noordermeer SM. EXO1 protects BRCA1-deficient cells against toxic DNA lesions. Mol Cell 2024; 84:659-674.e7. [PMID: 38266640 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes impair DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR), leading to chromosomal instability and cancer. Importantly, BRCA1/2 deficiency also causes therapeutically targetable vulnerabilities. Here, we identify the dependency on the end resection factor EXO1 as a key vulnerability of BRCA1-deficient cells. EXO1 deficiency generates poly(ADP-ribose)-decorated DNA lesions during S phase that associate with unresolved DSBs and genomic instability in BRCA1-deficient but not in wild-type or BRCA2-deficient cells. Our data indicate that BRCA1/EXO1 double-deficient cells accumulate DSBs due to impaired repair by single-strand annealing (SSA) on top of their HR defect. In contrast, BRCA2-deficient cells retain SSA activity in the absence of EXO1 and hence tolerate EXO1 loss. Consistent with a dependency on EXO1-mediated SSA, we find that BRCA1-mutated tumors show elevated EXO1 expression and increased SSA-associated genomic scars compared with BRCA1-proficient tumors. Overall, our findings uncover EXO1 as a promising therapeutic target for BRCA1-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert van de Kooij
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Schreuder
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Raphael Pavani
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Garzero
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Sidrit Uruci
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Tiemen J Wendel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Arne van Hoeck
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - Marta San Martin Alonso
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Everts
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Dana Koerse
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Elsa Callen
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jasper Boom
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands; Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands.
| | - Sylvie M Noordermeer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333 ZC, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht 3521 AL, the Netherlands.
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4
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Tsukada K, Jones SE, Bannister J, Durin MA, Vendrell I, Fawkes M, Fischer R, Kessler BM, Chapman JR, Blackford AN. BLM and BRCA1-BARD1 coordinate complementary mechanisms of joint DNA molecule resolution. Mol Cell 2024; 84:640-658.e10. [PMID: 38266639 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The Bloom syndrome helicase BLM interacts with topoisomerase IIIα (TOP3A), RMI1, and RMI2 to form the BTR complex, which dissolves double Holliday junctions and DNA replication intermediates to promote sister chromatid disjunction before cell division. In its absence, structure-specific nucleases like the SMX complex (comprising SLX1-SLX4, MUS81-EME1, and XPF-ERCC1) can cleave joint DNA molecules instead, but cells deficient in both BTR and SMX are not viable. Here, we identify a negative genetic interaction between BLM loss and deficiency in the BRCA1-BARD1 tumor suppressor complex. We show that this is due to a previously overlooked role for BARD1 in recruiting SLX4 to resolve DNA intermediates left unprocessed by BLM in the preceding interphase. Consequently, cells with defective BLM and BRCA1-BARD1 accumulate catastrophic levels of chromosome breakage and micronucleation, leading to cell death. Thus, we reveal mechanistic insights into SLX4 recruitment to DNA lesions, with potential clinical implications for treating BRCA1-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaima Tsukada
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Julius Bannister
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mary-Anne Durin
- MRC Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Matthew Fawkes
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - J Ross Chapman
- MRC Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Andrew N Blackford
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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5
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Mu A, Hira A, Mori M, Okamoto Y, Takata M. Fanconi anemia and Aldehyde Degradation Deficiency Syndrome: Metabolism and DNA repair protect the genome and hematopoiesis from endogenous DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 130:103546. [PMID: 37572579 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a set of Japanese children with hypoplastic anemia caused by combined defects in aldehyde degrading enzymes ADH5 and ALDH2. Their clinical characteristics overlap with a hereditary DNA repair disorder, Fanconi anemia. Our discovery of this disorder, termed Aldehyde Degradation Deficiency Syndrome (ADDS), reinforces the notion that endogenously generated aldehydes exert genotoxic effects; thus, the coupled actions of metabolism and DNA repair are required to maintain proper hematopoiesis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfeng Mu
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Multilayer Network Research Unit, Research Coordination Alliance, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asuka Hira
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minako Mori
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Multilayer Network Research Unit, Research Coordination Alliance, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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6
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Peake JD, Horne KI, Noguchi C, Gilligan JP, Noguchi E. The p53 DNA damage response and Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway protect against acetaldehyde-induced replication stress in esophageal keratinocytes. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2088-2096. [PMID: 37749911 PMCID: PMC10761134 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2261740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol contributes to cellular accumulation of acetaldehyde, a primary metabolite of alcohol and a major human carcinogen. Acetaldehyde can form DNA adducts and induce interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) that are repaired by the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway (FA pathway). Individuals with deficiency in acetaldehyde detoxification or in the FA pathway have an increased risk of squamous-cell carcinomas (SCCs) including those of the esophagus. In a recent report, we described the molecular basis of acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage in esophageal keratinocytes [1]. We demonstrated that, at physiologically relevant concentrations, acetaldehyde induces DNA damage at the DNA replication fork. This resulted in replication stress, leading to activation of the ATR-Chk1-dependent cell cycle checkpoints. We also reported that the p53 DNA damage response is elevated in response to acetaldehyde and that the FA pathway limits acetaldehyde-induced genomic instability. Here, we highlight these findings and present additional results to discuss the role of the FA pathway and p53 DNA damage response in the protection against genomic instability and esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine D. Peake
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kalisse I. Horne
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chiaki Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John P. Gilligan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Zhang J, Wang H, Chen H, Liu Y, Wang A, Hou H, Hu Q. Acetaldehyde induces similar cytotoxic and genotoxic risks in BEAS-2B cells and HHSteCs: involvement of differential regulation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27508-x. [PMID: 37284951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-term use of alcohol and cigarettes is associated with millions of deaths each year, directly or indirectly. The carcinogen acetaldehyde is both a metabolite of alcohol and the most abundant carbonyl compound in cigarette smoke, and co-exposure of them is usual and primarily leads to liver and lung injury, respectively. However, few studies have explored the synchronic risk of acetaldehyde on the liver and lung. Here, we investigated the toxic effects and related mechanisms of acetaldehyde based on normal hepatocytes and lung cells. The results showed that acetaldehyde caused significant dose-dependent increases of cytotoxicity, ROS level, DNA adduct level, DNA single/double-strand breakage, and chromosomal damage in BEAS-2B cells and HHSteCs, with similar effects at the same doses. The gene and protein expression and phosphorylation of p38MAPK, ERK, PI3K, and AKT, key proteins of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways regulating cell survival and tumorigenesis, were significantly upregulated on BEAS-2B cells, while only protein expression and phosphorylation of ERK were upregulated significantly, the other three decreased in HHSteCs. When either the inhibitor of the four key proteins was co-treated with acetaldehyde, cell viabilities were almost unchanged in BEAS-2B cells and HHSteCs. Thus, acetaldehyde could synchronically induce similar toxic effects in BEAS-2B cells and HHSteCs, and MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways seem to be involved in different regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingni Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
- Key Labortory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
- Key Labortory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
- Key Labortory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Yong Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - An Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
- Key Labortory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China.
- Key Labortory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 102200, China.
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8
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Blaize JL, Noori BM, Hunter KP, Henrikson KA, Atoyan JA, Ardito AA, Donovan FX, Chandrasekharappa SC, Schindler D, Howlett NG. Differential Regulation of Retinoic Acid Metabolism in Fanconi Anemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.06.535759. [PMID: 37066159 PMCID: PMC10104110 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.06.535759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by heterogeneous congenital abnormalities and increased risk for bone marrow failure and cancer. FA is caused by mutation of any one of 23 genes, the protein products of which function primarily in the maintenance of genome stability. An important role for the FA proteins in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) has been established in vitro . While the endogenous sources of ICLs relevant to the pathophysiology of FA have yet to be clearly determined, a role for the FA proteins in a two-tier system for the detoxification of reactive metabolic aldehydes has been established. To discover new metabolic pathways linked to FA, we performed RNA-seq analysis on non-transformed FA-D2 ( FANCD2 -/- ) and FANCD2-complemented patient cells. Multiple genes associated with retinoic acid metabolism and signaling were differentially expressed in FA-D2 ( FANCD2 -/- ) patient cells, including ALDH1A1 and RDH10 , which encode for retinaldehyde and retinol dehydrogenases, respectively. Increased levels of the ALDH1A1 and RDH10 proteins was confirmed by immunoblotting. FA-D2 ( FANCD2 -/- ) patient cells displayed increased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity compared to the FANCD2-complemented cells. Upon exposure to retinaldehyde, FA-D2 ( FANCD2 -/- ) cells exhibited increased DNA double-strand breaks and checkpoint activation indicative of a defect in the repair of retinaldehyde-induced DNA damage. Our findings describe a novel link between retinoic acid metabolism and FA and identify retinaldehyde as an additional reactive metabolic aldehyde relevant to the pathophysiology of FA.
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9
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van de Kooij B, Schreuder A, Pavani RS, Garzero V, Van Hoeck A, San Martin Alonso M, Koerse D, Wendel TJ, Callen E, Boom J, Mei H, Cuppen E, Nussenzweig A, van Attikum H, Noordermeer SM. EXO1-mediated DNA repair by single-strand annealing is essential for BRCA1-deficient cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.24.529205. [PMID: 37720033 PMCID: PMC10503826 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via homologous recombination (HR) leads to chromosomal instability and diseases such as cancer. Yet, defective HR also results in vulnerabilities that can be exploited for targeted therapy. Here, we identify such a vulnerability and show that BRCA1-deficient cells are dependent on the long-range end-resection factor EXO1 for survival. EXO1 loss results in DNA replication-induced lesions decorated by poly(ADP-ribose)-chains. In cells that lack both BRCA1 and EXO1, this is accompanied by unresolved DSBs due to impaired single-strand annealing (SSA), a DSB repair process that requires the activity of both proteins. In contrast, BRCA2-deficient cells have increased SSA, also in the absence of EXO1, and hence are not dependent on EXO1 for survival. In agreement with our mechanistic data, BRCA1-mutated tumours have elevated EXO1 expression and contain more genomic signatures of SSA compared to BRCA1-proficient tumours. Collectively, our data indicate that EXO1 is a promising novel target for treatment of BRCA1-deficient tumours.
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10
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Jeong D, Kim H, Cho J. Oxidation of Aldehydes into Carboxylic Acids by a Mononuclear Manganese(III) Iodosylbenzene Complex through Electrophilic C-H Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:888-897. [PMID: 36598425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of aldehyde is one of the fundamental reactions in the biological system. Various synthetic procedures and catalysts have been developed to convert aldehydes into corresponding carboxylic acids efficiently under ambient conditions. In this work, we report the oxidation of aldehydes by a mononuclear manganese(III) iodosylbenzene complex, [MnIII(TBDAP)(OIPh)(OH)]2+ (1), with kinetic and mechanistic studies in detail. The reaction of 1 with aldehydes resulted in the formation of corresponding carboxylic acids via a pre-equilibrium state. Hammett plot and reaction rates of 1 with 1°-, 2°-, and 3°-aldehydes revealed the electrophilicity of 1 in the aldehyde oxidation. A kinetic isotope effect experiment and reactivity of 1 toward cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde (CCA) analogues indicate that the reaction of 1 with aldehyde occurs through the rate-determining C-H bond activation at the formyl group. The reaction rate of 1 with CCA is correlated to the bond dissociation energy of the formyl group plotting a linear correlation with other aliphatic C-H bonds. Density functional theory calculations found that 1 electrostatically interacts with CCA at the pre-equilibrium state in which the C-H bond activation of the formyl group is performed as the most feasible pathway. Surprisingly, the rate-determining step is characterized as hydride transfer from CCA to 1, affording an (oxo)methylium intermediate. At the fundamental level, it is revealed that the hydride transfer is composed of H atom abstraction followed by a fast electron transfer. Catalytic reactions of aldehydes by 1 are also presented with a broad substrate scope. This novel mechanistic study gives better insights into the metal oxygen chemistry and would be prominently valuable for development of transition metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeheung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
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11
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Mori T, Okamoto Y, Mu A, Ide Y, Yoshimura A, Senda N, Inagaki‐Kawata Y, Kawashima M, Kitao H, Tokunaga E, Miyoshi Y, Ohsumi S, Tsugawa K, Ohta T, Katagiri T, Ohtsuru S, Koike K, Ogawa S, Toi M, Iwata H, Nakamura S, Matsuo K, Takata M. Lack of impact of the
ALDH2
rs671 variant on breast cancer development in Japanese
BRCA1
/2‐mutation carriers. Cancer Med 2022; 12:6594-6602. [PMID: 36345163 PMCID: PMC10067083 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aldehyde degrading function of the ALDH2 enzyme is impaired by Glu504Lys polymorphisms (rs671, termed A allele), which causes alcohol flushing in east Asians, and elevates the risk of esophageal cancer among habitual drinkers. Recent studies suggested that the ALDH2 variant may lead to higher levels of DNA damage caused by endogenously generated aldehydes. This can be a threat to genome stability and/or cell viability in a synthetic manner in DNA repair-defective settings such as Fanconi anemia (FA). FA is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome caused by defects in any one of so far identified 22 FANC genes including hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. We have previously reported that the progression of FA phenotypes is accelerated with the ALDH2 rs671 genotype. Individuals with HBOC are heterozygously mutated in either BRCA1 or BRCA2, and the cancer-initiating cells in these patients usually undergo loss of the wild-type BRCA1/2 allele, leading to homologous recombination defects. Therefore, we hypothesized that the ALDH2 genotypes may impact breast cancer development in BRCA1/2 mutant carriers. We genotyped ALDH2 in 103 HBOC patients recruited from multiple cancer centers in Japan. However, we were not able to detect any significant differences in clinical stages, histopathological classification, or age at clinical diagnosis across the ALDH2 genotypes. Unlike the effects in hematopoietic cells of FA, our current data suggest that there is no impact of the loss of ALDH2 function in cancer initiation and development in breast epithelium of HBOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Mori
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies Radiation Biology Center Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yusuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies Radiation Biology Center Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Anfeng Mu
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies Radiation Biology Center Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshimi Ide
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology Showa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery Kikuna Memorial Hospital Yokohama Japan
| | - Akiyo Yoshimura
- Department of Breast Oncology Aichi Cancer Center Hospital Nagoya Japan
| | - Noriko Senda
- Department of Breast Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yukiko Inagaki‐Kawata
- Department of Breast Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawashima
- Department of Breast Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitao
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Eriko Tokunaga
- Department of Breast Oncology National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yasuo Miyoshi
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Shozo Ohsumi
- Department of Breast Oncology National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center Matsuyama Ehime Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsugawa
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohta
- Department of Translational Oncology St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Toyomasa Katagiri
- Division of Genome Medicine Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohtsuru
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Kaoru Koike
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Department of Medicine Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Karolinska Institute Solna Sweden
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi) Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology Aichi Cancer Center Hospital Nagoya Japan
| | - Seigo Nakamura
- Department of Breast Surgery Kikuna Memorial Hospital Yokohama Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Nagoya Aichi Japan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies Radiation Biology Center Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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12
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Inhibition mechanism of baicalein against alcohol dehydrogenase in vitro via biological techniques, spectroscopy and computer simulation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Jin P, Jiang J, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Huang C, Fu L. Mitochondrial adaptation in cancer drug resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 35851420 PMCID: PMC9290242 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile environment are largely unknown. As the central organelle for cellular energy supply, mitochondria can rapidly undergo dynamic changes and integrate cellular signaling pathways to provide bioenergetic and biosynthetic flexibility for cancer cells, which contributes to multiple aspects of tumor characteristics, including drug resistance. Therefore, targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy and overcoming drug resistance has attracted increasing attention for various types of cancer. Multiple mitochondrial adaptation processes, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial apoptotic regulatory machinery, have been demonstrated to be potential targets. However, recent increasing insights into mitochondria have revealed the complexity of mitochondrial structure and functions, the elusive functions of mitochondria in tumor biology, and the targeting inaccessibility of mitochondria, which have posed challenges for the clinical application of mitochondrial-based cancer therapeutic strategies. Therefore, discovery of both novel mitochondria-targeting agents and innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches is urgently required. Here, we review the most recent literature to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial stress adaptation and their intricate connection with cancer drug resistance. In addition, an overview of the emerging strategies to target mitochondria for effectively overcoming chemoresistance is highlighted, with an emphasis on drug repositioning and mitochondrial drug delivery approaches, which may accelerate the application of mitochondria-targeting compounds for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Functions of Breast Cancer Predisposition Genes: Implications for Clinical Management. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137481. [PMID: 35806485 PMCID: PMC9267387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5–10% of all breast cancer (BC) cases are caused by germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in various cancer predisposition genes (CPGs). The most common contributors to hereditary BC are BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). ATM, BARD1, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51C, and RAD51D have also been recognized as CPGs with a high to moderate risk of BC. Primary and secondary cancer prevention strategies have been established for HBOC patients; however, optimal preventive strategies for most hereditary BCs have not yet been established. Most BC-associated CPGs participate in DNA damage repair pathways and cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms, and function jointly in such cascades; therefore, a fundamental understanding of the disease drivers in such cascades can facilitate the accurate estimation of the genetic risk of developing BC and the selection of appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies to manage hereditary BCs. Herein, we review the functions of key BC-associated CPGs and strategies for the clinical management in individuals harboring the GPVs of such genes.
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15
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Vijayraghavan S, Porcher L, Mieczkowski PA, Saini N. Acetaldehyde makes a distinct mutation signature in single-stranded DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7451-7464. [PMID: 35776120 PMCID: PMC9303387 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde (AA), a by-product of ethanol metabolism, is acutely toxic due to its ability to react with various biological molecules including DNA and proteins, which can greatly impede key processes such as replication and transcription and lead to DNA damage. As such AA is classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Previous in vitro studies have shown that AA generates bulky adducts on DNA, with signature guanine-centered (GG→TT) mutations. However, due to its weak mutagenicity, short chemical half-life, and the absence of powerful genetic assays, there is considerable variability in reporting the mutagenic effects of AA in vivo. Here, we used an established yeast genetic reporter system and demonstrate that AA treatment is highly mutagenic to cells and leads to strand-biased mutations on guanines (G→T) at a high frequency on single stranded DNA (ssDNA). We further demonstrate that AA-derived mutations occur through lesion bypass on ssDNA by the translesion polymerase Polζ. Finally, we describe a unique mutation signature for AA, which we then identify in several whole-genome and -exome sequenced cancers, particularly those associated with alcohol consumption. Our study proposes a key mechanism underlying carcinogenesis by acetaldehyde—mutagenesis of single-stranded DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Vijayraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Latarsha Porcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Piotr A Mieczkowski
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie Saini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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16
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Matsuzaki K, Kumatoriya K, Tando M, Kometani T, Shinohara M. Polyphenols from persimmon fruit attenuate acetaldehyde-induced DNA double-strand breaks by scavenging acetaldehyde. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10300. [PMID: 35717470 PMCID: PMC9206672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde, a metabolic product of ethanol, induces DNA damage and genome instability. Accumulation of acetaldehyde due to alcohol consumption or aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) deficiency increases the risks of various types of cancers, including esophageal cancer. Although acetaldehyde chemically induces DNA adducts, the repair process of the lesions remains unclear. To investigate the mechanism of repair of acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage, we determined the repair pathway using siRNA knockdown and immunofluorescence assays of repair factors. Herein, we report that acetaldehyde induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human U2OS cells and that both DSB repair pathways, non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR), are required for the repair of acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage. Our findings suggest that acetaldehyde-induced DNA adducts are converted into DSBs and repaired via NHEJ or HDR in human cells. To reduce the risk of acetaldehyde-associated carcinogenesis, we investigated potential strategies of reducing acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage. We report that polyphenols extracted from persimmon fruits and epigallocatechin, a major component of persimmon polyphenols, attenuate acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage without affecting the repair kinetics. The data suggest that persimmon polyphenols suppress DSB formation by scavenging acetaldehyde. Persimmon polyphenols can potentially inhibit carcinogenesis following alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Matsuzaki
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kumatoriya
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tando
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Kometani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, 631-8505, Japan.,Pharma Foods International, Co., Ltd., 1-49 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan
| | - Miki Shinohara
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, 631-8505, Japan.,Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
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17
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Bahmad HF, Demus T, Moubarak MM, Daher D, Alvarez Moreno JC, Polit F, Lopez O, Merhe A, Abou-Kheir W, Nieder AM, Poppiti R, Omarzai Y. Overcoming Drug Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer by Drug Repurposing. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10010015. [PMID: 35225948 PMCID: PMC8883996 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. Common treatments include active surveillance, surgery, or radiation. Androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy are usually reserved for advanced disease or biochemical recurrence, such as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but they are not considered curative because PCa cells eventually develop drug resistance. The latter is achieved through various cellular mechanisms that ultimately circumvent the pharmaceutical’s mode of action. The need for novel therapeutic approaches is necessary under these circumstances. An alternative way to treat PCa is by repurposing of existing drugs that were initially intended for other conditions. By extrapolating the effects of previously approved drugs to the intracellular processes of PCa, treatment options will expand. In addition, drug repurposing is cost-effective and efficient because it utilizes drugs that have already demonstrated safety and efficacy. This review catalogues the drugs that can be repurposed for PCa in preclinical studies as well as clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F. Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (J.C.A.M.); (F.P.); (R.P.); (Y.O.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-786-961-0216
| | - Timothy Demus
- Division of Urology, Columbia University, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (T.D.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Maya M. Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (M.M.M.); (W.A.-K.)
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR5095, Universite de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Darine Daher
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez Moreno
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (J.C.A.M.); (F.P.); (R.P.); (Y.O.)
| | - Francesca Polit
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (J.C.A.M.); (F.P.); (R.P.); (Y.O.)
| | - Olga Lopez
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Ali Merhe
- Department of Urology, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (M.M.M.); (W.A.-K.)
| | - Alan M. Nieder
- Division of Urology, Columbia University, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (T.D.); (A.M.N.)
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Robert Poppiti
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (J.C.A.M.); (F.P.); (R.P.); (Y.O.)
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Yumna Omarzai
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (J.C.A.M.); (F.P.); (R.P.); (Y.O.)
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
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18
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De Sarkar N, Dasgupta S, Chatterjee P, Coleman I, Ha G, Ang LS, Kohlbrenner EA, Frank SB, Nunez TA, Salipante SJ, Corey E, Morrissey C, Van Allen E, Schweizer MT, Haffner MC, Patel R, Hanratty B, Lucas JM, Dumpit RF, Pritchard CC, Montgomery RB, Nelson PS. Genomic attributes of homology-directed DNA repair deficiency in metastatic prostate cancer. JCI Insight 2021; 6:152789. [PMID: 34877933 PMCID: PMC8675196 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers with homology-directed DNA repair (HRR) deficiency exhibit high response rates to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and platinum chemotherapy. Though mutations disrupting BRCA1 and BRCA2 associate with HRR deficiency (HRRd), patterns of genomic aberrations and mutation signatures may be more sensitive and specific indicators of compromised repair. Here, we evaluated whole-exome sequences from 418 metastatic prostate cancers (mPCs) and determined that one-fifth exhibited genomic characteristics of HRRd that included Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer mutation signature 3. Notably, a substantial fraction of tumors with genomic features of HRRd lacked biallelic loss of a core HRR-associated gene, such as BRCA2. In this subset, HRRd associated with loss of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1 but not with mutations in serine-protein kinase ATM, cyclin dependent kinase 12, or checkpoint kinase 2. HRRd genomic status was strongly correlated with responses to PARPi and platinum chemotherapy, a finding that supports evaluating biomarkers reflecting functional HRRd for treatment allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gavin Ha
- Divisions of Human Biology.,Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lisa S Ang
- Divisions of Human Biology.,Clinical Research
| | | | | | | | | | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Michael T Schweizer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert B Montgomery
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology.,Clinical Research.,Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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19
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Fanconi Anaemia, Childhood Cancer and the BRCA Genes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101520. [PMID: 34680915 PMCID: PMC8535386 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is an inherited chromosomal instability disorder characterised by congenital and developmental abnormalities and a strong cancer predisposition. In less than 5% of cases FA can be caused by bi-allelic pathogenic variants (PGVs) in BRCA2/FANCD1 and in very rare cases by bi-allelic PGVs in BRCA1/FANCS. The rarity of FA-like presentation due to PGVs in BRCA2 and even more due to PGVs in BRCA1 supports a fundamental role of the encoded proteins for normal development and prevention of malignant transformation. While FA caused by BRCA1/2 PGVs is strongly associated with distinct spectra of embryonal childhood cancers and AML with BRCA2-PGVs, and also early epithelial cancers with BRCA1 PGVs, germline variants in the BRCA1/2 genes have also been identified in non-FA childhood malignancies, and thereby implying the possibility of a role of BRCA PGVs also for non-syndromic cancer predisposition in children. We provide a concise review of aspects of the clinical and genetic features of BRCA1/2-associated FA with a focus on associated malignancies, and review novel aspects of the role of germline BRCA2 and BRCA1 PGVs occurring in non-FA childhood cancer and discuss aspects of clinical and biological implications.
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20
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Zhang L, Wang J, Cui LZ, Wang K, Yuan MM, Chen RR, Zhang LJ. Successful treatment of refractory lung adenocarcinoma harboring a germline BRCA2 mutation with olaparib: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:7498-7503. [PMID: 34616818 PMCID: PMC8464460 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i25.7498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become important treatment strategies for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the clinical evidence for successful off-label use of targeted drugs for patients with NSCLC following progression on multiple lines of treatment is still lacking.
CASE SUMMARY We describe a 62-year-old male patient with a right lung adenocarcinoma who harbored an EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation. He received gefitinib combined with six cycles of vinorelbine, cisplatin, and recombinant human endostatin as the first-line therapy. Then gefitinib was administered in combination with recombinant human endostatin as maintenance therapy, resulting in a progression-free survival (PFS) of 14 mo. Chemoradiotherapy was added following progression (enlarged brain metastases) on maintenance treatment. Unfortunately, the brain lesions were highly refractory and progressed again after 15 mo, at which time next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 1021 cancer-related genes was performed using peripheral blood to identify potential actionable mutations. NGS revealed that the patient harbored a BRCA2 germline mutation, the EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation disappeared, and no additional targetable genetic variant was detected. Therefore, the patient received olaparib combined with gefitinib and recombinant human endostatin, with a rapid and long-lasting clinical response (PFS = 13.5 mo).
CONCLUSION This is a rare case of lung adenocarcinoma in a patient with a BRCA2 germline mutation who had long-term benefit from olaparib combination treatment, suggesting that NGS-based genetic testing may render the possibility of long-term survival in NSCLC patients after disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Cadre Health, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cadre Health, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Cui
- Department of Cadre Health, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Geneplus-Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ming-Ming Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Geneplus-Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rong-Rong Chen
- Department of Medicine, Geneplus-Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cadre Health, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, Shanxi Province, China
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21
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Peake JD, Noguchi C, Lin B, Theriault A, O'Connor M, Sheth S, Tanaka K, Nakagawa H, Noguchi E. FANCD2 limits acetaldehyde-induced genomic instability during DNA replication in esophageal keratinocytes. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3109-3124. [PMID: 34328261 PMCID: PMC8564632 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare genetic bone marrow failure syndrome, have an increased risk of young‐onset head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and esophageal SCC. The FA DNA repair pathway is activated upon DNA damage induced by acetaldehyde, a chief alcohol metabolite and one of the major carcinogens in humans. However, the molecular basis of acetaldehyde‐induced genomic instability in SCCs of the head and neck and of the esophagus in FA remains elusive. Here, we report the effects of acetaldehyde on replication stress response in esophageal epithelial cells (keratinocytes). Acetaldehyde‐exposed esophageal keratinocytes displayed accumulation of DNA damage foci consisting of 53BP1 and BRCA1. At physiologically relevant concentrations, acetaldehyde activated the ATR‐Chk1 pathway, leading to S‐ and G2/M‐phase delay with accumulation of the FA complementation group D2 protein (FANCD2) at the sites of DNA synthesis, suggesting that acetaldehyde impedes replication fork progression. Consistently, depletion of the replication fork protection protein Timeless led to elevated DNA damage upon acetaldehyde exposure. Furthermore, FANCD2 depletion exacerbated replication abnormalities, elevated DNA damage, and led to apoptotic cell death, indicating that FANCD2 prevents acetaldehyde‐induced genomic instability in esophageal keratinocytes. These observations contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that drive genomic instability in FA patients and alcohol‐related carcinogenesis, thereby providing a translational implication in the development of more effective therapies for SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine D Peake
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chiaki Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Baicheng Lin
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amber Theriault
- Program in Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret O'Connor
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shivani Sheth
- Program in Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hoes L, Dok R, Verstrepen KJ, Nuyts S. Ethanol-Induced Cell Damage Can Result in the Development of Oral Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153846. [PMID: 34359747 PMCID: PMC8345464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alcohol consumption is linked to 26.4% of all lip and oral cavity cancer cases worldwide. Despite this clear causal relationship, the exact molecular mechanisms by which ethanol damages cells are still under investigation. It is well-established that the metabolism of ethanol plays an important role. Ethanol metabolism yields reactive metabolites that can directly damage the DNA. If the damage is repaired incorrectly, mutations can be fixed in the DNA sequence. Whenever mutations affect key regulatory genes, for instance cell cycle regulating genes, uncontrolled cell growth can be the consequence. Recently, global patterns of mutations have been identified. These so-called mutational signatures represent a fingerprint of the different mutational processes over time. Interestingly, there were ethanol-related signatures discovered that did not associate with ethanol metabolism. This finding highlights there might be other molecular effects of ethanol that are yet to be discovered. Abstract Alcohol consumption is an underestimated risk factor for the development of precancerous lesions in the oral cavity. Although alcohol is a well-accepted recreational drug, 26.4% of all lip and oral cavity cancers worldwide are related to heavy drinking. Molecular mechanisms underlying this carcinogenic effect of ethanol are still under investigation. An important damaging effect comes from the first metabolite of ethanol, being acetaldehyde. Concentrations of acetaldehyde detected in the oral cavity are relatively high due to the metabolization of ethanol by oral microbes. Acetaldehyde can directly damage the DNA by the formation of mutagenic DNA adducts and interstrand crosslinks. Additionally, ethanol is known to affect epigenetic methylation and acetylation patterns, which are important regulators of gene expression. Ethanol-induced hypomethylation can activate the expression of oncogenes which subsequently can result in malignant transformation. The recent identification of ethanol-related mutational signatures emphasizes the role of acetaldehyde in alcohol-associated carcinogenesis. However, not all signatures associated with alcohol intake also relate to acetaldehyde. This finding highlights that there might be other effects of ethanol yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Hoes
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.H.); (K.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.H.); (K.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-1634-7600; Fax: +32-1634-7623
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Rodriguez FD, Coveñas R. Biochemical Mechanisms Associating Alcohol Use Disorders with Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143548. [PMID: 34298760 PMCID: PMC8306032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Of all yearly deaths attributable to alcohol consumption globally, approximately 12% are due to cancers, representing approximately 0.4 million deceased individuals. Ethanol metabolism disturbs cell biochemistry by targeting the structure and function of essential biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) and by provoking alterations in cell programming that lead to cancer development and cancer malignancy. A better understanding of the metabolic and cell signaling realm affected by ethanol is paramount to designing effective treatments and preventive actions tailored to specific neoplasias. Abstract The World Health Organization identifies alcohol as a cause of several neoplasias of the oropharynx cavity, esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, larynx, liver, or female breast. We review ethanol’s nonoxidative and oxidative metabolism and one-carbon metabolism that encompasses both redox and transfer reactions that influence crucial cell proliferation machinery. Ethanol favors the uncontrolled production and action of free radicals, which interfere with the maintenance of essential cellular functions. We focus on the generation of protein, DNA, and lipid adducts that interfere with the cellular processes related to growth and differentiation. Ethanol’s effects on stem cells, which are responsible for building and repairing tissues, are reviewed. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) of different origins suffer disturbances related to the expression of cell surface markers, enzymes, and transcription factors after ethanol exposure with the consequent dysregulation of mechanisms related to cancer metastasis or resistance to treatments. Our analysis aims to underline and discuss potential targets that show more sensitivity to ethanol’s action and identify specific metabolic routes and metabolic realms that may be corrected to recover metabolic homeostasis after pharmacological intervention. Specifically, research should pay attention to re-establishing metabolic fluxes by fine-tuning the functioning of specific pathways related to one-carbon metabolism and antioxidant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco D. Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-677-510-030
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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The role of ALDH2 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression: Targeting ALDH2 as a potential cancer treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1400-1411. [PMID: 34221859 PMCID: PMC8245805 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A major mitochondrial enzyme for protecting cells from acetaldehyde toxicity is aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). The correlation between ALDH2 dysfunction and tumorigenesis/growth/metastasis has been widely reported. Either low or high ALDH2 expression contributes to tumor progression and varies among different tumor types. Furthermore, the ALDH2∗2 polymorphism (rs671) is the most common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Asia. Epidemiological studies associate ALDH2∗2 with tumorigenesis and progression. This study summarizes the essential functions and potential ALDH2 mechanisms in the occurrence, progression, and treatment of tumors in various types of cancer. Our study indicates that ALDH2 is a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- 4-HNE, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
- ALD, alcoholic liver disease
- ALDH2
- ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Acetaldehyde
- BCa, bladder cancer
- COUP-TF, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CSCs, cancer stem cells
- Cancer
- Cancer therapy
- DFS, disease-free survival
- EC, esophageal cancer
- FA, Fanconi anemia
- FANCD2, Fanconi anemia protein
- GCA, gastric cancer
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDACs, histone deacetylases
- HNC, head and neck cancer
- HNF-4, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4
- HR, homologous recombination
- LCSCs, liver cancer stem cells
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MDR, multi-drug resistance
- MN, micronuclei
- Metastasis
- NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NCEs, normochromic erythrocytes
- NER, nucleotide excision repair pathway
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NHEJ, non-homologous end-joining
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2
- NRRE, nuclear receptor response element
- NSCLC, non-small-cell lung
- NeG, 1,N2-etheno-dGuo
- OPC, oropharyngeal cancer
- OS, overall survival
- OvCa, ovarian cancer
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PC, pancreatic cancer
- PdG, N2-propano-2′-deoxyguanosine
- Polymorphism
- Progression
- REV1, Y-family DNA polymerase
- SCC, squamous cell carcinoma
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- Tumorigenesis
- VHL, von Hippel-Lindau
- ccRCC, clear-cell renal cell carcinomas
- εPKC, epsilon protein kinase C
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25
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Kelley KC, Grossman KF, Brittain-Blankenship M, Thorne KM, Akerley WL, Terrazas MC, Kosak KM, Boucher KM, Buys SS, McGregor KA, Werner TL, Agarwal N, Weis JR, Sharma S, Ward JH, Kennedy TP, Sborov DW, Shami PJ. A Phase 1 dose-escalation study of disulfiram and copper gluconate in patients with advanced solid tumors involving the liver using S-glutathionylation as a biomarker. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:510. [PMID: 33957901 PMCID: PMC8103752 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disulfiram and metals inactivate key oncoproteins resulting in anti-neoplastic activity. The goal of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of copper when administered with disulfiram in patients with advanced solid tumors and liver involvement. Methods Disulfiram 250 mg was administered daily in 28-day cycles. Four doses of copper gluconate were tested (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg of elemental copper) in a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design. Patients were evaluated for dose limiting toxicities and response. Protein S-glutathionylation was evaluated as a pharmacodynamic marker. Results Twenty-one patients were enrolled and 16 patients were evaluable for dose limiting toxicities. Among the 21 patients, there was a median of 4 lines of prior chemotherapy. Five Grade 3 toxicities were observed (anorexia, elevated aspartate aminotransferase or AST, elevated alkaline phosphatase, fever, and fatigue). Response data was available for 15 patients. Four patients had stable disease with the longest duration of disease control being 116 days. The median duration of treatment for evaluable patients was 55 days (range 28–124). Reasons for discontinuation included functional decline, disease progression, and disease-associated death. Increased S-glutathionylation of serum proteins was observed with treatment. Conclusion Disulfiram 250 mg daily with copper gluconate (8 mg of elemental copper) was well-tolerated in patients with solid tumors involving the liver and was not associated with dose limiting toxicities. While temporary disease stabilization was noted in some patients, no objective responses were observed. Treatment was associated with an increase in S-glutathionylation suggesting that this combination could exert a suppressive effect on cellular growth and protein function. Trial registration NCT00742911, first posted 28/08/2008. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08242-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen C Kelley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kenneth F Grossman
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Kelli M Thorne
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Wallace L Akerley
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Moises C Terrazas
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ken M Kosak
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kenneth M Boucher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kimberly A McGregor
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Theresa L Werner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John R Weis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John H Ward
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas P Kennedy
- Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Douglas W Sborov
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Paul J Shami
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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26
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Lo CSY, van Toorn M, Gaggioli V, Paes Dias M, Zhu Y, Manolika EM, Zhao W, van der Does M, Mukherjee C, G S C Souto Gonçalves J, van Royen ME, French PJ, Demmers J, Smal I, Lans H, Wheeler D, Jonkers J, Chaudhuri AR, Marteijn JA, Taneja N. SMARCAD1-mediated active replication fork stability maintains genome integrity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/19/eabe7804. [PMID: 33952518 PMCID: PMC8099181 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The stalled fork protection pathway mediated by breast cancer 1/2 (BRCA1/2) proteins is critical for replication fork stability. However, it is unclear whether additional mechanisms are required to maintain replication fork stability. We describe a hitherto unknown mechanism, by which the SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily-A containing DEAD/H box-1 (SMARCAD1) stabilizes active replication forks, that is essential to maintaining resistance towards replication poisons. We find that SMARCAD1 prevents accumulation of 53BP1-associated nucleosomes to preclude toxic enrichment of 53BP1 at the forks. In the absence of SMARCAD1, 53BP1 mediates untimely dissociation of PCNA via the PCNA-unloader ATAD5, causing frequent fork stalling, inefficient fork restart, and accumulation of single-stranded DNA. Although loss of 53BP1 in SMARCAD1 mutants rescues these defects and restores genome stability, this rescued stabilization also requires BRCA1-mediated fork protection. Notably, fork protection-challenged BRCA1-deficient naïve- or chemoresistant tumors require SMARCAD1-mediated active fork stabilization to maintain unperturbed fork progression and cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Shun Yu Lo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marvin van Toorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vincent Gaggioli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariana Paes Dias
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eleni Maria Manolika
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit van der Does
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chirantani Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - João G S C Souto Gonçalves
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Treatment Screening Facility (CTSF), Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Treatment Screening Facility (CTSF), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center and Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ihor Smal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hannes Lans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Wheeler
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arnab Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A Marteijn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nitika Taneja
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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27
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Bold IT, Specht AK, Droste CF, Zielinski A, Meyer F, Clauditz TS, Münscher A, Werner S, Rothkamm K, Petersen C, Borgmann K. DNA Damage Response during Replication Correlates with CIN70 Score and Determines Survival in HNSCC Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061194. [PMID: 33801877 PMCID: PMC7998578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a consequence of chromosomal instability (CIN) that affects prognosis. Gene expression levels associated with aneuploidy provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CIN. Based on the gene signature whose expression was consistent with functional aneuploidy, the CIN70 score was established. We observed an association of CIN70 score and survival in 519 HNSCC patients in the TCGA dataset; the 15% patients with the lowest CIN70 score showed better survival (p = 0.11), but association was statistically non-significant. This correlated with the expression of 39 proteins of the major repair complexes. A positive association with survival was observed for MSH2, XRCC1, MRE11A, BRCA1, BRCA2, LIG1, DNA2, POLD1, MCM2, RAD54B, claspin, a negative for ERCC1, all related with replication. We hypothesized that expression of these factors leads to protection of replication through efficient repair and determines survival and resistance to therapy. Protein expression differences in HNSCC cell lines did not correlate with cellular sensitivity after treatment. Rather, it was observed that the stability of the DNA replication fork determined resistance, which was dependent on the ATR/CHK1-mediated S-phase signaling cascade. This suggests that it is not the expression of individual DNA repair proteins that causes therapy resistance, but rather a balanced expression and coordinated activation of corresponding signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan T. Bold
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
| | - Ann-Kathrin Specht
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
| | - Conrad F. Droste
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Alexandra Zielinski
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
| | - Felix Meyer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
| | - Till S. Clauditz
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Adrian Münscher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Stefan Werner
- Department of Tumorbiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (I.T.B.); (A.-K.S.); (A.Z.); (F.M.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Locquet MA, Dechaume AL, Berchard P, Abbes L, Pissaloux D, Tirode F, Ramos I, Bedoucha J, Valantin J, Karanian M, Perret R, Gille O, Blay JY, Dutour A. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, a Therapeutic Target in Chordoma: Analysis in 3D Cellular Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020399. [PMID: 33672032 PMCID: PMC7919493 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare, slow-growing tumors of the axial skeleton. These tumors are locally aggressive and refractory to conventional therapies. Radical surgery and radiation remain the first-line treatments. Despite these aggressive treatments, chordomas often recur and second-line treatment options are limited. The mechanisms underlying chordoma radioresistance remain unknown, although several radioresistant cancer cells have been shown to respond favorably to aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibition. The study of chordoma has been delayed by small patient cohorts and few available models due to the scarcity of these tumors. We thus created cellular 3D models of chordoma by using low-adherence culture systems. Then, we evaluated their radiosensitivity using colony-forming and spheroid size assays. Finally, we determined whether pharmacologically inhibiting ALDH increased their radiosensitivity. We found that 3D cellular models of chordoma (derived from primary, relapse, and metastatic tumors) reproduce the histological and gene expression features of the disease. The metastatic, relapse, and primary spheroids displayed high, medium, and low radioresistance, respectively. Moreover, inhibiting ALDH decreased the radioresistance in all three models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anaïs Locquet
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Anne-Lise Dechaume
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Paul Berchard
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Lhorra Abbes
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France;
- Team Genetics, Epigenetics and Biology of Sarcomas, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (F.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Franck Tirode
- Team Genetics, Epigenetics and Biology of Sarcomas, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (F.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Inès Ramos
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Julie Bedoucha
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Julie Valantin
- Research Pathology Platform, Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France;
- Fondation Synergie Lyon Cancer, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marie Karanian
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France;
- Team Genetics, Epigenetics and Biology of Sarcomas, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (F.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Raul Perret
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Olivier Gille
- Orthopedic Spinal Surgery Unit 1, Bordeaux University Hospital, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Dutour
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Lu C, Li X, Ren Y, Zhang X. Disulfiram: a novel repurposed drug for cancer therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:159-172. [PMID: 33426580 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major health issue worldwide and the global burden of cancer is expected to reduce the costs of treatment as well as prolong the survival time. One of the promising approaches is drug repurposing, because it reduces costs and shortens the production cycle of research and development. Disulfiram (DSF), which was originally approved as an anti-alcoholism drug, has been proven safe and shows the potential to target tumours. Its anti-tumour effect has been reported in many preclinical studies and recently on seven types of cancer in humans: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), liver cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma (GBM) and melanoma and has a successful breakthrough in the treatment of NSCLC and GBM. The mechanisms, particularly the intracellular signalling pathways, still remain to be completely elucidated. As shown in our previous study, DSF inhibits NF-kB signalling, proteasome activity, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. It induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy and has been used as an adjuvant therapy with irradiation or chemotherapy drugs. On the other hand, DSF not only kills the normal cancer cells but also has the ability to target cancer stem cells, which provides a new approach to prevent tumour recurrence and metastasis. Furthermore, other researchers have reported the ability of DSF to bind to nuclear protein localization protein 4 (NPL4), induce its immobilization and dysfunction, ultimately leading to cell death. Here, we provide an overview of DSF repurposing as a treatment in preclinical studies and clinical trials, and review studies describing the mechanisms underlying its anti-neoplastic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongya Ren
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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30
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Gruber JJ, Chen J, Geller B, Jäger N, Lipchik AM, Wang G, Kurian AW, Ford JM, Snyder MP. Chromatin Remodeling in Response to BRCA2-Crisis. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2182-2193.e6. [PMID: 31433991 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with a single functional copy of the BRCA2 tumor suppressor have elevated risks for breast, ovarian, and other solid tumor malignancies. The exact mechanisms of carcinogenesis due to BRCA2 haploinsufficiency remain unclear, but one possibility is that at-risk cells are subject to acute periods of decreased BRCA2 availability and function ("BRCA2-crisis"), which may contribute to disease. Here, we establish an in vitro model for BRCA2-crisis that demonstrates chromatin remodeling and activation of an NF-κB survival pathway in response to transient BRCA2 depletion. Mechanistically, we identify BRCA2 chromatin binding, histone acetylation, and associated transcriptional activity as critical determinants of the epigenetic response to BRCA2-crisis. These chromatin alterations are reflected in transcriptional profiles of pre-malignant tissues from BRCA2 carriers and, therefore, may reflect natural steps in human disease. By modeling BRCA2-crisis in vitro, we have derived insights into pre-neoplastic molecular alterations that may enhance the development of preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Gruber
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin Geller
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalie Jäger
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew M Lipchik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Guangwen Wang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James M Ford
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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31
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Zhang Z, Zhou L, Xie N, Nice EC, Zhang T, Cui Y, Huang C. Overcoming cancer therapeutic bottleneck by drug repurposing. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:113. [PMID: 32616710 PMCID: PMC7331117 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever present hurdles for the discovery of new drugs for cancer therapy have necessitated the development of the alternative strategy of drug repurposing, the development of old drugs for new therapeutic purposes. This strategy with a cost-effective way offers a rare opportunity for the treatment of human neoplastic disease, facilitating rapid clinical translation. With an increased understanding of the hallmarks of cancer and the development of various data-driven approaches, drug repurposing further promotes the holistic productivity of drug discovery and reasonably focuses on target-defined antineoplastic compounds. The "treasure trove" of non-oncology drugs should not be ignored since they could target not only known but also hitherto unknown vulnerabilities of cancer. Indeed, different from targeted drugs, these old generic drugs, usually used in a multi-target strategy may bring benefit to patients. In this review, aiming to demonstrate the full potential of drug repurposing, we present various promising repurposed non-oncology drugs for clinical cancer management and classify these candidates into their proposed administration for either mono- or drug combination therapy. We also summarize approaches used for drug repurposing and discuss the main barriers to its uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tao Zhang
- The School of Biological Science and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, 610083, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongping Cui
- Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, and Cancer Institute, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen, 518035, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
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32
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Wang L, Zhang S, Yu X, Guo C. Novel Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor DDHCB Inhibits Proliferation of BRCA Mutant Breast Cancer Cell In Vitro and In Vivo through a Synthetic Lethal Mechanism. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1874-1881. [PMID: 32394702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors are drugs that are effectively used to treat breast cancer. We synthesized a novel bromophenol derivative ethyl (E)-4-(2-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamido)benzoate (DDHCB) as a novel PARP-1 inhibitor. Our study found that DDHCB could inhibit PARP-1 activity with an IC50 value of 58.3 nM. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphe-nyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that DDHCB could selectively inhibit proliferation of BRCA mutant cells and demonstrate the ability of synthetic lethality. DDHCB could also induce DNA double-strand breaks with the ability to increase the foci quantitation of γ-H2AX. Moreover, DDHCB could increase PARP-1-DNA trapping and inhibit PAR formation in HCC-1937 cells. Further investigation showed that DDHCB induced apoptosis and G2/M cycle arrest. Finally, we found that DDHCB inhibited the growth of HCC-1937 xenografts with low toxicity. In vivo mechanisms showed that the level of γ-H2AX was increased in the DDHCB-treated tumors, indicating the PARP-1 inhibition ability of DDHCB in vivo. Our study results indicated that the future development of DDHCB for the treatment of breast cancer is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xuemin Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Sertedaki E, Kotsinas A. Drug Repurposing and DNA Damage in Cancer Treatment: Facts and Misconceptions. Cells 2020; 9:E1210. [PMID: 32414147 PMCID: PMC7291122 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing appears to offer an attractive alternative in finding new anticancer agents. Their applicability seems to have multiple benefits, among which are the potential of immediate efficacy assessment in clinical trials and the existence of patient safety and tolerability evidence. Nevertheless, their effective application in terms of tumor-type targeting requires accurate knowledge of their exact mechanism of action. In this review, we present such a successful drug, namely Disulfiram (commercially known as Antabuse), and discuss its recently uncovered mode of anticancer action through DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Lab Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Soukup AA, Bresnick EH. GATA2 +9.5 enhancer: from principles of hematopoiesis to genetic diagnosis in precision medicine. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 27:163-171. [PMID: 32205587 PMCID: PMC7331797 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW By establishing mechanisms that deliver oxygen to sustain cells and tissues, fight life-threatening pathogens and harness the immune system to eradicate cancer cells, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are vital in health and disease. The cell biological framework for HSPC generation has been rigorously developed, yet recent single-cell transcriptomic analyses have unveiled permutations of the hematopoietic hierarchy that differ considerably from the traditional roadmap. Deploying mutants that disrupt specific steps in hematopoiesis constitutes a powerful strategy for deconvoluting the complex cell biology. It is striking that a single transcription factor, GATA2, is so crucial for HSPC generation and function, and therefore it is instructive to consider mechanisms governing GATA2 expression and activity. The present review focuses on an essential GATA2 enhancer (+9.5) and how +9.5 mutants inform basic and clinical/translational science. RECENT FINDINGS +9.5 is essential for HSPC generation and function during development and hematopoietic regeneration. Human +9.5 mutations cause immunodeficiency, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. Qualitatively and quantitatively distinct contributions of +9.5 cis-regulatory elements confer context-dependent enhancer activity. The discovery of +9.5 and its mutant alleles spawned fundamental insights into hematopoiesis, and given its role to suppress blood disease emergence, clinical centers test for mutations in this sequence to diagnose the cause of enigmatic cytopenias. SUMMARY Multidisciplinary approaches to discover and understand cis-regulatory elements governing expression of key regulators of hematopoiesis unveil biological and mechanistic insights that provide the logic for innovating clinical applications.
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35
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Tarsounas M, Sung P. The antitumorigenic roles of BRCA1-BARD1 in DNA repair and replication. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:284-299. [PMID: 32094664 PMCID: PMC7204409 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) promotes DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination and protects DNA replication forks from attrition. BRCA1 partners with BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) and other tumour suppressor proteins to mediate the initial nucleolytic resection of DNA lesions and the recruitment and regulation of the recombinase RAD51. The discovery of the opposing functions of BRCA1 and the p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1)-associated complex in DNA resection sheds light on how BRCA1 influences the choice of homologous recombination over non-homologous end joining and potentially other mutagenic pathways of DSB repair. Understanding the functional crosstalk between BRCA1-BARD1 and its cofactors and antagonists will illuminate the molecular basis of cancers that arise from a deficiency or misregulation of chromosome damage repair and replication fork maintenance. Such knowledge will also be valuable for understanding acquired tumour resistance to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and other therapeutics and for the development of new treatments. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in elucidating the mechanisms by which BRCA1-BARD1 functions in DNA repair, replication fork maintenance and tumour suppression, and its therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Tarsounas
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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36
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Sobh A, Loguinov A, Stornetta A, Balbo S, Tagmount A, Zhang L, Vulpe CD. Genome-Wide CRISPR Screening Identifies the Tumor Suppressor Candidate OVCA2 As a Determinant of Tolerance to Acetaldehyde. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:235-245. [PMID: 31059574 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde, a metabolite of ethanol, is a cellular toxicant and a human carcinogen. A genome-wide CRISPR-based loss-of-function screen in erythroleukemic K562 cells revealed candidate genetic contributors affecting acetaldehyde cytotoxicity. Secondary screening exposing cells to a lower acetaldehyde dose simultaneously validated multiple candidate genes whose loss results in increased sensitivity to acetaldehyde. Disruption of genes encoding components of various DNA repair pathways increased cellular sensitivity to acetaldehyde. Unexpectedly, the tumor suppressor gene OVCA2, whose function is unknown, was identified in our screen as a determinant of acetaldehyde tolerance. Disruption of the OVCA2 gene resulted in increased acetaldehyde sensitivity and higher accumulation of the acetaldehyde-derived DNA adduct N2-ethylidene-dG. Together these results are consistent with a role for OVCA2 in adduct removal and/or DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Sobh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Alex Loguinov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alessia Stornetta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Abderrahmane Tagmount
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Chris D Vulpe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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37
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Nadalutti CA, Stefanick DF, Zhao ML, Horton JK, Prasad R, Brooks AM, Griffith JD, Wilson SH. Mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage accompany enhanced levels of formaldehyde in cultured primary human fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5575. [PMID: 32221313 PMCID: PMC7101401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a simple biological aldehyde that is produced inside cells by several processes such as demethylation of DNA and proteins, amino acid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and one carbon metabolism (1-C). Although accumulation of excess FA in cells is known to be cytotoxic, it is unknown if an increase in FA level might be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We choose to use primary human fibroblasts cells in culture (foreskin, FSK) as a physiological model to gain insight into whether an increase in the level of FA might affect cellular physiology, especially with regard to the mitochondrial compartment. FSK cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of FA, and different cellular parameters were studied. Elevation in intracellular FA level was achieved and was found to be cytotoxic by virtue of both apoptosis and necrosis and was accompanied by both G2/M arrest and reduction in the time spent in S phase. A gene expression assessment by microarray analysis revealed FA affected FSK cells by altering expression of many genes including genes involved in mitochondrial function and electron transport. We were surprised to observe increased DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mitochondria after exposure to FA, as revealed by accumulation of γH2A.X and 53BP1 at mitochondrial DNA foci. This was associated with mitochondrial structural rearrangements, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of mitophagy. Collectively, these results indicate that an increase in the cellular level of FA can trigger mitochondrial DNA double-strand breaks and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A Nadalutti
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Donna F Stefanick
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ming-Lang Zhao
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Julie K Horton
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ashley M Brooks
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jack D Griffith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel H Wilson
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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38
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Majera D, Skrott Z, Chroma K, Merchut-Maya JM, Mistrik M, Bartek J. Targeting the NPL4 Adaptor of p97/VCP Segregase by Disulfiram as an Emerging Cancer Vulnerability Evokes Replication Stress and DNA Damage while Silencing the ATR Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020469. [PMID: 32085572 PMCID: PMC7072750 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on repurposing the old alcohol-aversion drug disulfiram (DSF) for cancer treatment has identified inhibition of NPL4, an adaptor of the p97/VCP segregase essential for turnover of proteins involved in multiple pathways, as an unsuspected cancer cell vulnerability. While we reported that NPL4 is targeted by the anticancer metabolite of DSF, the bis-diethyldithiocarbamate-copper complex (CuET), the exact, apparently multifaceted mechanism(s) through which the CuET-induced aggregation of NPL4 kills cancer cells remains to be fully elucidated. Given the pronounced sensitivity to CuET in tumor cell lines lacking the genome integrity caretaker proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2, here we investigated the impact of NPL4 targeting by CuET on DNA replication dynamics and DNA damage response pathways in human cancer cell models. Our results show that CuET treatment interferes with DNA replication, slows down replication fork progression and causes accumulation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Such a replication stress (RS) scenario is associated with DNA damage, preferentially in the S phase, and activates the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway. At the same time, we find that cellular responses to the CuET-triggered RS are seriously impaired due to concomitant malfunction of the ATRIP-ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway that reflects an unorthodox checkpoint silencing mode through ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related) kinase sequestration within the CuET-evoked NPL4 protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusana Majera
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Skrott
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chroma
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Mistrik
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.B.)
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39
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Lei HM, Zhang KR, Wang CH, Wang Y, Zhuang GL, Lu LM, Zhang J, Shen Y, Chen HZ, Zhu L. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 confers erlotinib resistance via facilitating the reactive oxygen species-reactive carbonyl species metabolic pathway in lung adenocarcinomas. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7122-7139. [PMID: 31695757 PMCID: PMC6831290 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as erlotinib is a major challenge to achieve an overall clinical benefit of the targeted therapy. Recently, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) induction has been found to render lung adenocarcinomas resistant to EGFR-TKIs, and targeting ALDH1A1 becomes a novel strategy to overcome resistance. However, the molecular mechanism underlying such effect remains poorly understood. Methods: Comprehensive assays were performed in a panel of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and xenografts that acquired resistance to erlotinib. Cancer phenotype was evaluated by cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition analysis in vitro, tumorsphere formation analysis ex vivo, and tumor growth and dissemination analysis in vivo. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive carbonyl species (RCS) were detected based on fluorescent oxidation indicator and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, respectively. Protein target was suppressed by RNA interference and pharmacological inhibition or ecto-overexpressed by lentivirus-based cloning. Gene promoter activity was measured by dual-luciferase reporting assay. Results: Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of ALDH1A1 overcame erlotinib resistance in vitro and in vivo. ALDH1A1 overexpression was sufficient to induce erlotinib resistance. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated lower ROS-RCS levels in ALDH1A1-addicted, erlotinib-resistant cells; in line with this, key enzymes for metabolizing ROS and RCS, SOD2 and GPX4, respectively, were upregulated in these cells. Knockdown of SOD2 or GPX4 re-sensitized the resistant cells to erlotinib and the effect was abrogated by ROS-RCS scavenging and mimicked by ROS-RCS induction. The ALDH1A1 overexpressed cells, though resisted erlotinib, were more sensitive to SOD2 or GPX4 knockdown. The ALDH1A1 effect on erlotinib resistance was abrogated by ROS-RCS induction and mimicked by ROS-RCS scavenging. Detection of GPX4 and SOD2 expression and analysis of promoter activities of GPX4 and SOD2 under the condition of suppression or overexpression of ALDH1A1 demonstrated that the RCS-ROS-metabolic pathway was controlled by the ALDH1A1-GPX4-SOD2 axis. The ROS-RCS metabolic dependence mechanism in ALDH1A1-induced resistance was confirmed in vivo. Analysis of public databases showed that in patients undergoing chemotherapy, those with high co-expression of ALDH1A1, GPX4, and SOD2 had a lower probability of survival. Conclusions: ALDH1A1 confers erlotinib resistance by facilitating the ROS-RCS metabolic pathway. ALDH1A1-induced upregulation of SOD2 and GPX4, as well as ALDH1A1 itself, mitigated erlotinib-induced oxidative and carbonyl stress, and imparted the TKI resistance. The elucidation of previously unrecognized metabolic mechanism underlying erlotinib resistance provides new insight into the biology of molecular targeted therapies and help to design improved pharmacological strategies to overcome the drug resistance.
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40
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Venkitaraman AR. How do mutations affecting the breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 cause cancer susceptibility? DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 81:102668. [PMID: 31337537 PMCID: PMC6765401 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The inheritance of monoallelic germline mutations affecting BRCA1 or BRCA2 predisposes with a high penetrance to several forms of epithelial malignancy. The large, nuclear-localized BRCA proteins act as custodians of chromosome integrity through distinct functions in the assembly and activity of macromolecular complexes that mediate DNA repair, replication reactivation and mitotic progression. The loss of these tumour suppressive functions following biallelic BRCA gene inactivation has long been thought to provoke genomic instability and carcinogenesis. However, recent studies not only identify new functions for BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the regulation of transcription and RNA processing potentially relevant to their tumour suppressive activity, but also suggest that monoallelic BRCA2 gene mutations suffice for carcinogenesis. This emerging evidence opens fresh lines of enquiry concerning tissue-specific cancer evolution in BRCA mutation carriers. Collectively, these insights engender new models to explain how BRCA gene mutations cause cancer susceptibility in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok R Venkitaraman
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.
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HUANG Y, LUO M, HUANG J, HUANG S, WEI L, ZHANG Y, ZHANG Z. The Expression Level of BRCA2 and Its Changes during Chemotherapy in Patients with Different Pathological Types of Mammary Cancer. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:1654-1662. [PMID: 31700821 PMCID: PMC6825661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the expression level of breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2) and its changes during chemotherapy in patients with different pathological types of mammary cancer (MC). METHODS Overall, 102 patients treated in Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China from April 2013 to August 2017 were enrolled as experimental group, including 58 patients with noninvasive MC (group A) and 44 with invasive MC (group B). Fifty healthy volunteers at the same time were enrolled as control group. The relative expression of BRCA2 in the blood of MC patients was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR). RESULTS In the experimental group, the expression level of BRCA2 in group A was higher than that in group B before chemotherapy (P<0.001); the expression level in group A and group B 1 month after chemotherapy was higher than that before chemotherapy (P<0.001); the expression level in the both groups 3 months after chemotherapy was higher than that 1 month after chemotherapy (P<0.001); the expression level of BRCA2 in blood of group A increased gradually before, 1 month and 3 months after chemotherapy (P<0.001). The expression level of BRCA2 in blood of group B increased gradually at the same time points (P<0.001). CONCLUSION BRCA2 is over-expressed in noninvasive MC patient and under-expressed in invasive MC patient. And it can be used as an index for monitoring the condition of MC patients with different pathological types during chemotherapy.
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42
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Disulfiram’s anti-cancer activity reflects targeting NPL4, not inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Oncogene 2019; 38:6711-6722. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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43
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Xia W, Xu T, Wang H. Thermal behaviors and harmful volatile constituents released from asphalt components at high temperature. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:741-752. [PMID: 30959288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Asphalt binder releases lots of heat and harmful volatiles at high temperature. To further understand thermal behaviors, dynamic release and toxic constituents of emitted volatiles during the combustion of asphalt binder, such fractions as saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA) were first prepared. Thermal behaviors, volatile constituents and combustion residue microstructures of SARA fractions are discussed. Results indicate that polymerization degree of asphalt binder is high and the content of polycyclic aromatic compounds is large. Combustion processes of resins and asphaltenes only show single-stage exothermic reactions, but other two fractions present obvious multi-stage combustion reactions. As the heating rate is raised, the incomplete combustion of SARA fractions is increased, and more volatiles are released. Main volatiles released from SARA fractions are inflammable, toxic, corrosive or explosive compounds, and such common volatiles as acetaldehyde and propane are released from each SARA fraction. More toxic volatiles are released at combustion stage I, but macromolecular volatiles are mainly released at stage II. Volatile release behaviors of saturates and aromatics are more obviously affected by the heating rate. Combustion residues show more intact morphologies from saturates to asphaltenes, and mainly contain C, O and S elements. Asphalt binder is hazardous material at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xia
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, 96 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
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Tacconi EMC, Badie S, De Gregoriis G, Reisländer T, Lai X, Porru M, Folio C, Moore J, Kopp A, Baguña Torres J, Sneddon D, Green M, Dedic S, Lee JW, Batra AS, Rueda OM, Bruna A, Leonetti C, Caldas C, Cornelissen B, Brino L, Ryan A, Biroccio A, Tarsounas M. Chlorambucil targets BRCA1/2-deficient tumours and counteracts PARP inhibitor resistance. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e9982. [PMID: 31273933 PMCID: PMC6609913 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to compromised homologous recombination (HR) repair, BRCA1- and BRCA2-mutated tumours accumulate DNA damage and genomic rearrangements conducive of tumour progression. To identify drugs that target specifically BRCA2-deficient cells, we screened a chemical library containing compounds in clinical use. The top hit was chlorambucil, a bifunctional alkylating agent used for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). We establish that chlorambucil is specifically toxic to BRCA1/2-deficient cells, including olaparib-resistant and cisplatin-resistant ones, suggesting the potential clinical use of chlorambucil against disease which has become resistant to these drugs. Additionally, chlorambucil eradicates BRCA2-deficient xenografts and inhibits growth of olaparib-resistant patient-derived tumour xenografts (PDTXs). We demonstrate that chlorambucil inflicts replication-associated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), similarly to cisplatin, and we identify ATR, FANCD2 and the SNM1A nuclease as determinants of sensitivity to both drugs. Importantly, chlorambucil is substantially less toxic to normal cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo relative to cisplatin. Because chlorambucil and cisplatin are equally effective inhibitors of BRCA2-compromised tumours, our results indicate that chlorambucil has a higher therapeutic index than cisplatin in targeting BRCA-deficient tumours.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- BRCA1 Protein/deficiency
- BRCA2 Protein/deficiency
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chlorambucil/pharmacology
- Cricetinae
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/metabolism
- Phthalazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana MC Tacconi
- Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sophie Badie
- Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Giuliana De Gregoriis
- Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Timo Reisländer
- Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Xianning Lai
- Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Manuela Porru
- Area of Translational ResearchIRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | - Cecilia Folio
- Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - John Moore
- Lung Cancer Translational Science Research GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Arnaud Kopp
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IGBMC)Inserm U1258, CNRS (UMR 7104)Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Júlia Baguña Torres
- Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Imaging GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Deborah Sneddon
- Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Imaging GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marcus Green
- Lung Cancer Translational Science Research GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Simon Dedic
- Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jonathan W Lee
- Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ankita Sati Batra
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- Area of Translational ResearchIRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Imaging GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Laurent Brino
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IGBMC)Inserm U1258, CNRS (UMR 7104)Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Anderson Ryan
- Lung Cancer Translational Science Research GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Area of Translational ResearchIRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | - Madalena Tarsounas
- Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis GroupDepartment of OncologyThe CR‐UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Huang J, Zhang J, Bellani MA, Pokharel D, Gichimu J, James RC, Gali H, Ling C, Yan Z, Xu D, Chen J, Meetei AR, Li L, Wang W, Seidman MM. Remodeling of Interstrand Crosslink Proximal Replisomes Is Dependent on ATR, FANCM, and FANCD2. Cell Rep 2019; 27:1794-1808.e5. [PMID: 31067464 PMCID: PMC6676478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic replisomes are driven by the mini chromosome maintenance (MCM [M]) helicase complex, an offset ring locked around the template for leading strand synthesis by CDC45 (C) and GINS (G) proteins. Although the CDC45 MCM GINS (CMG) structure implies that interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are absolute blocks to replisomes, recent studies indicate that cells can restart DNA synthesis on the side of the ICL distal to the initial encounter. Here, we report that restart requires ATR and is promoted by FANCD2 and phosphorylated FANCM. Following introduction of genomic ICLs and dependent on ATR and FANCD2 but not on the Fanconi anemia core proteins or FAAP24, FANCM binds the replisome complex, with concomitant release of the GINS proteins. In situ analysis of replisomes proximal to ICLs confirms the ATR-dependent release of GINS proteins while CDC45 is retained on the remodeled replisome. The results demonstrate the plasticity of CMG composition in response to replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marina A Bellani
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Durga Pokharel
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Julia Gichimu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ryan C James
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Himabindu Gali
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., K-712D, Boston, MA 02118-2526
| | - Chen Ling
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zhijiang Yan
- Institute of DNA Repair Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongyi Xu
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Amom Ruhikanta Meetei
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology and Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Weidong Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael M Seidman
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Acetaldehyde Induces Neurotoxicity In Vitro via Oxidative Stress- and Ca 2+ Imbalance-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2593742. [PMID: 30728884 PMCID: PMC6343137 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2593742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Excessive drinking can damage brain tissue and cause cognitive dysfunction. Studies have found that the early stage of neurodegenerative disease is closely related to heavy drinking. Acetaldehyde (ADE) is the main toxic metabolite of alcohol. However, the exact mechanisms of ADE-induced neurotoxicity are not fully clear. In this article, we studied the cytotoxic effect of ADE in HT22 cells and primary cultured cortical neuronal cells. We found that ADE exhibited cytotoxicities against HT22 cells and primary cultured cortical neuronal cells in dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, ADE induced apoptosis of HT22 cells by upregulating the expression of caspase family proapoptotic proteins. Moreover, ADE treatment could significantly increase the intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in HT22 cells. ADE upregulated ERS-related CHOP expression dose-dependently in primary cultured cortical neuronal cells. In addition, inhibition of ROS with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reduced the accumulation of ROS and reversed ADE-induced increase of ERS-related protein and apoptosis-related protein levels. Mitigation of ERS with ERS inhibitor 4-PBA obviously suppressed ADE-induced apoptosis and the expression of ERS-related proteins. Therefore, ADE induces neurotoxicity of HT22 cells via oxidative stress- and Ca2+ imbalance-mediated ERS.
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47
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Calderon-Aparicio A, Cornejo A, Orue A, Rieber M. Anticancer response to disulfiram may be enhanced by co-treatment with MEK inhibitor or oxaliplatin: modulation by tetrathiomolybdate, KRAS/BRAF mutations and c-MYC/p53 status. Ecancermedicalscience 2019; 13:890. [PMID: 30792807 PMCID: PMC6369974 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2019.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) and disulfiram (DSF) are copper (Cu) chelators in cancer clinical trials partly because Cu chelation: a) restricts the activity of Cu-binding MEK1/2 enzymes which drive tumourigenesis by KRAS or BRAF oncogenic mutations and b) enhances uptake of oxaliplatin (OxPt), clinically used in advanced KRAS-mutant colorectal carcinomas (CRC). Whereas TTM decreases intracellular Cu trafficking, DSF can reach other Cu-dependent intracellular proteins. Since the use of individual or combined Cu chelation may help or interfere with anti-cancer therapy, this study investigated whether TTM modifies the response to DSF supplemented with: 1) UO126, a known MEK1/2 inhibitor; 2) other Cu chelators like neocuproine (NC) or 1, 10-o-phenanthroline (OPT) in wt p53 melanoma cells differing in BRAF or KRAS mutations; 3) OxPt in mutant p53 CRC cells devoid of KRAS and BRAF mutations or harbouring either KRAS or BRAF mutations. TTM was not toxic against V600E-mut-BRAF A375 and G12D-mut-KRAS/high c-myc C8161 melanoma cells. Moreover, TTM protected both melanoma types from toxicity induced by DSF, NC and co-treatment with sub-lethal levels of DSF and the MEK inhibitor, UO126. Toxicity by co-treatment with DSF+OPT was poorly reversed by TTM in C8161 melanoma cells. In contrast to the greater toxicity of 0.1 μM DSF against mutant p53 CRC cells irrespective of their KRAS mutation, TTM did not protect G12V-mut-KRAS/high c-myc SW620 CRC from DSF+OxPt compared to KRAS-WT/BRAF-WT Caco-2 CRC. Our results show that DSF co-treatment with: a) MEK inhibitors may enhance tumour suppression; b) OxPt in CRC may counteract impaired response to cetuximab by KRAS/BRAF mutations and c) as a single treatment, TTM may be less effective than DSF and decreases the efficacy of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Orue
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Manuel Rieber
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.,These authors contributed equally to this work
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48
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Dorokhov YL, Sheshukova EV, Bialik TE, Komarova TV. Human Endogenous Formaldehyde as an Anticancer Metabolite: Its Oxidation Downregulation May Be a Means of Improving Therapy. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800136. [PMID: 30370669 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant cells are characterized by an increased content of endogenous formaldehyde formed as a by-product of biosynthetic processes. Accumulation of formaldehyde in cancer cells is combined with activation of the processes of cellular formaldehyde clearance. These mechanisms include increased ALDH and suppressed ADH5/FDH activity, which oncologists consider poor and favorable prognostic markers, respectively. Here, the sources and regulation of formaldehyde metabolism in cancer cells are reviewed. The authors also analyze the participation of oncoproteins such as fibulins, FGFR1, HER2/neu, FBI-1, and MUC1-C in the control of genes related to formaldehyde metabolism, suggesting the existence of two mutually exclusive processes in cancer cells: 1) production and 2) oxidation and elimination of formaldehyde from the cell. The authors hypothesize that the study of the anticancer properties of disulfiram and alpha lipoic acid - which affect the balance of formaldehyde in the body - may serve as the basis of future anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of RAS, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana E Bialik
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of RAS, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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49
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Chen X, Legrand AJ, Cunniffe S, Hume S, Poletto M, Vaz B, Ramadan K, Yao D, Dianov GL. Interplay between base excision repair protein XRCC1 and ALDH2 predicts overall survival in lung and liver cancer patients. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:527-539. [PMID: 30088263 PMCID: PMC6153960 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To deliver efficacious personalised cancer treatment, it is essential to characterise the cellular metabolism as well as the genetic stability of individual tumours. In this study, we describe a new axis between DNA repair and detoxification of aldehyde derivatives with important implications for patient prognosis and treatment. METHODS Western blot and qPCR analyses were performed in relevant non-transformed and cancer cell lines from lung and liver tissue origin in combination with bioinformatics data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas database from lung and hepatocellular cancer patients. RESULTS Using both biochemical and bioinformatics approaches, we revealed an association between the levels of expression of the aldehyde detoxifying enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and the key DNA base excision repair protein XRCC1. Across cancer types, we found that if one of the corresponding genes exhibits a low expression level, the level of the other gene is increased. Surprisingly, we found that low ALDH2 expression levels associated with high XRCC1 expression levels are indicative for a poor overall survival, particularly in lung and liver cancer patients. In addition, we found that Mithramycin A, a XRCC1 expression inhibitor, efficiently kills cancer cells expressing low levels of ALDH2. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that lung and liver cancers require efficient single-strand break repair for their growth in order to benefit from a low aldehyde detoxification metabolism. We also propose that the ratio of XRCC1 and ALDH2 levels may serve as a useful prognostic tool in these cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Arnaud J Legrand
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Siobhan Cunniffe
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Samuel Hume
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mattia Poletto
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Bruno Vaz
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Research Centre of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Grigory L Dianov
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 63000.
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50
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Abstract
The genetic concept of synthetic lethality has now been validated clinically through the demonstrated efficacy of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of cancers in individuals with germline loss-of-function mutations in either BRCA1 or BRCA2. Three different PARP inhibitors have now been approved for the treatment of patients with BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer and one for those with BRCA-mutant breast cancer; these agents have also shown promising results in patients with BRCA-mutant prostate cancer. Here, we describe a number of other synthetic lethal interactions that have been discovered in cancer. We discuss some of the underlying principles that might increase the likelihood of clinical efficacy and how new computational and experimental approaches are now facilitating the discovery and validation of synthetic lethal interactions. Finally, we make suggestions on possible future directions and challenges facing researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ashworth
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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