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Che YH, Choi IY, Song CE, Park C, Lim SK, Kim JH, Sung SH, Park JH, Lee S, Kim YJ. Peripheral Neuron-Organoid Interaction Induces Colonic Epithelial Differentiation via Non-Synaptic Substance P Secretion. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:269-280. [PMID: 37385635 PMCID: PMC10465334 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The colonic epithelial layer is a complex structure consisting of multiple cell types that regulate various aspects of colonic physiology, yet the mechanisms underlying epithelial cell differentiation during development remain unclear. Organoids have emerged as a promising model for investigating organogenesis, but achieving organ-like cell configurations within colonic organoids is challenging. Here, we investigated the biological significance of peripheral neurons in the formation of colonic organoids. Methods and Results Colonic organoids were co-cultured with human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived peripheral neurons, resulting in the morphological maturation of columnar epithelial cells, as well as the presence of enterochromaffin cells. Substance P released from immature peripheral neurons played a critical role in the development of colonic epithelial cells. These findings highlight the vital role of inter-organ interactions in organoid development and provide insights into colonic epithelial cell differentiation mechanisms. Conclusions Our results suggest that the peripheral nervous system may have a significant role in the development of colonic epithelial cells, which could have important implications for future studies of organogenesis and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Che
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Eui Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chulsoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Lim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Haeng Sung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Kang M, Jung JH, Kim JY, Hong SH, Her Y. Therapeutic and Preventive Effect of Orally Administered Prebiotics on Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:303-315. [PMID: 37075794 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, interest is increasing in using prebiotics, which are nutrient ingredients of live microorganism that improve the intestinal environments by promoting the growth of beneficial gut microflora. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics on atopic dermatitis (AD) development, few have examined preventive and therapeutic effects of prebiotics on the onset and progression of AD. METHODS In this study, we investigated therapeutic and preventive effect of prebiotics, including β-glucan and inulin, using an oxazolone (OX)-induced AD-like mouse model. Prebiotics were orally administered 2 weeks after the end of sensitization period (therapeutic study) and 3 weeks before the initial sensitization (prevention study). The physiological and histological alterations in the skin and gut of the mice were investigated. RESULTS In the therapeutic study, the severity of skin lesions and inflammatory responses were effectively reduced after administering β-glucan and inulin, respectively. The expression level of calprotectin was significantly decreased by approximately 2-fold (P < 0.05) in the skin and gut of prebiotics-treated mice compared to the control. In addition, epidermal thickness and the number of infiltrated immune cells were markedly reduced in the dermis of prebiotics-treated mice compared <strike>with</strike> to those in the OX-induced mice (P < 0.05). These findings were same as in the prevention study. Importantly, pre-administration of β-glucan and inulin prevented the progression of AD by promoting the growth of good bacteria in the gut of OX-induced AD mice. However, the co-administration of β-glucan and inulin did not show enhanced preventive effects on these alterations. CONCLUSIONS Prebiotics has a therapeutic effect on AD in OX-induced AD mouse model. Moreover, our study suggests that prebiotics prevents the development of AD and this effect is associated with a change in gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minje Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
| | - Young Her
- Department of Dermatology, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
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Complexification of In Vitro Models of Intestinal Barriers, A True Challenge for a More Accurate Alternative Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043595. [PMID: 36835003 PMCID: PMC9958734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cell models is common to mimic cellular and molecular events in interaction with their environment. In the case of the gut, the existing models are of particular interest to evaluate food, toxicants, or drug effects on the mucosa. To have the most accurate model, cell diversity and the complexity of the interactions must be considered. Existing models range from single-cell cultures of absorptive cells to more complex combinations of two or more cell types. This work describes the existing solutions and the challenges that remain to be solved.
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Intestinal organoids as advanced modeling platforms to study the role of host-microbiome interaction in homeostasis and disease. BMB Rep 2023; 56:15-23. [PMID: 36379514 PMCID: PMC9887104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
After birth, animals are colonized by a diverse community of microorganisms. The digestive tract is known to contain the largest number of microbiome in the body. With emergence of the gut-brain axis, the importance of gut microbiome and its metabolites in host health has been extensively studied in recent years. The establishment of organoid culture systems has contributed to studying intestinal pathophysiology by replacing current limited models. Owing to their architectural and functional complexity similar to a real organ, co-culture of intestinal organoids with gut microbiome can provide mechanistic insights into the detrimental role of pathobiont and the homeostatic function of commensal symbiont. Here organoid-based bacterial co-culture techniques for modeling host-microbe interactions are reviewed. This review also summarizes representative studies that explore impact of enteric microorganisms on intestinal organoids to provide a better understanding of host-microbe interaction in the context of homeostasis and disease. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(1): 15-23].
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Kim J. Lo and Behold, the Lab-Grown Organs Have Arrived! Int J Stem Cells 2022; 15:1-2. [PMID: 35220287 PMCID: PMC8889329 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaesang Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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