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Kalm T, Schob C, Völler H, Gardeitchik T, Gilissen C, Pfundt R, Klöckner C, Platzer K, Klabunde-Cherwon A, Ries M, Syrbe S, Beccaria F, Madia F, Scala M, Zara F, Hofstede F, Simon MEH, van Jaarsveld RH, Oegema R, van Gassen KLI, Holwerda SJB, Barakat TS, Bouman A, van Slegtenhorst M, Álvarez S, Fernández-Jaén A, Porta J, Accogli A, Mancardi MM, Striano P, Iacomino M, Chae JH, Jang S, Kim SY, Chitayat D, Mercimek-Andrews S, Depienne C, Kampmeier A, Kuechler A, Surowy H, Bertini ES, Radio FC, Mancini C, Pizzi S, Tartaglia M, Gauthier L, Genevieve D, Tharreau M, Azoulay N, Zaks-Hoffer G, Gilad NK, Orenstein N, Bernard G, Thiffault I, Denecke J, Herget T, Kortüm F, Kubisch C, Bähring R, Kindler S. Etiological involvement of KCND1 variants in an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with variable expressivity. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1206-1221. [PMID: 38772379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing trio whole-exome sequencing and a gene matching approach, we identified a cohort of 18 male individuals from 17 families with hemizygous variants in KCND1, including two de novo missense variants, three maternally inherited protein-truncating variants, and 12 maternally inherited missense variants. Affected subjects present with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by diverse neurological abnormalities, mostly delays in different developmental domains, but also distinct neuropsychiatric signs and epilepsy. Heterozygous carrier mothers are clinically unaffected. KCND1 encodes the α-subunit of Kv4.1 voltage-gated potassium channels. All variant-associated amino acid substitutions affect either the cytoplasmic N- or C-terminus of the channel protein except for two occurring in transmembrane segments 1 and 4. Kv4.1 channels were functionally characterized in the absence and presence of auxiliary β subunits. Variant-specific alterations of biophysical channel properties were diverse and varied in magnitude. Genetic data analysis in combination with our functional assessment shows that Kv4.1 channel dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder frequently associated with a variable neuropsychiatric clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassja Kalm
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schob
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Völler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thatjana Gardeitchik
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Chiara Klöckner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annick Klabunde-Cherwon
- Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Ries
- Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Beccaria
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Territorial Social-Health Agency, 46100 Mantova, Italy
| | - Francesca Madia
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Floris Hofstede
- Department of General Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen E H Simon
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, the Netherlands
| | - Richard H van Jaarsveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, the Netherlands
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, the Netherlands
| | - Koen L I van Gassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd J B Holwerda
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, the Netherlands
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Discovery Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Bouman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Álvarez
- Genomics and Medicine, NIMGenetics, 28108 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Quironsalud University Hospital Madrid, School of Medicine, European University of Madrid, 28224 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Porta
- Genomics, Genologica Medica, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, QC H4A 3J1 Montreal, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, QC H4A 3J1 Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Department of Genomic Medicine, Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - SeSong Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Y Kim
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - David Chitayat
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto ON M5G 1E2 Toronto, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for SickKids, University of Toronto, M5G 1X8 Toronto, Canada
| | - Saadet Mercimek-Andrews
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for SickKids, University of Toronto, M5G 1X8 Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, AB T6G 2H7 Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Kampmeier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Cecilia Mancini
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucas Gauthier
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics, Rare and Autoinflammatory Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - David Genevieve
- Montpellier University, Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Mylène Tharreau
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics, Rare and Autoinflammatory Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Noy Azoulay
- The Genetic Institute of Maccabi Health Services, Rehovot 7610000, Israel; Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Gal Zaks-Hoffer
- Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nesia K Gilad
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah 4920235, Israel
| | - Naama Orenstein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah 4920235, Israel
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, QC H4A 3J1 Montreal, Canada; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jonas Denecke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theresia Herget
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fanny Kortüm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bähring
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kindler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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