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Yildiz S, Moolhuijsen LME, Visser JA. The Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Ovarian Function. Semin Reprod Med 2024. [PMID: 38781987 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, whose actions are restricted to the endocrine-reproductive system. Initially known for its role in male sex differentiation, AMH plays a role in the ovary, acting as a gatekeeper in folliculogenesis by regulating the rate of recruitment and growth of follicles. In the ovary, AMH is predominantly expressed by granulosa cells of preantral and antral follicles (i.e., post primordial follicle recruitment and prior to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) selection). AMH signals through a BMP-like signaling pathway in a manner distinct from other TGFβ family members. In this review, the latest insights in AMH processing, signaling, its regulation of spatial and temporal expression pattern, and functioning in folliculogenesis are summarized. In addition, effects of AMH variants on ovarian function are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes M E Moolhuijsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Buratini J, Dellaqua TT, de Lima PF, Renzini MM, Canto MD, Price CA. Oocyte secreted factors control genes regulating FSH signaling and the maturation cascade in cumulus cells: the oocyte is not in a hurry. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023:10.1007/s10815-023-02822-y. [PMID: 37204638 PMCID: PMC10371970 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effects of the oocyte on mRNA abundance of FSHR, AMH and major genes of the maturation cascade (AREG, EREG, ADAM17, EGFR, PTGS2, TNFAIP6, PTX3, and HAS2) in bovine cumulus cells. METHODS (1) Intact cumulus-oocyte complexes, (2) microsurgically oocytectomized cumulus-oolema complexes (OOX), and (3) OOX + denuded oocytes (OOX+DO) were subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) stimulated with FSH for 22 h or with AREG for 4 and 22 h. After IVM, cumulus cells were separated and relative mRNA abundance was measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS After 22 h of FSH-stimulated IVM, oocytectomy increased FSHR mRNA levels (p=0.005) while decreasing those of AMH (p=0.0004). In parallel, oocytectomy increased mRNA abundance of AREG, EREG, ADAM17, PTGS2, TNFAIP6, and PTX3, while decreasing that of HAS2 (p<0.02). All these effects were abrogated in OOX+DO. Oocytectomy also reduced EGFR mRNA levels (p=0.009), which was not reverted in OOX+DO. The stimulatory effect of oocytectomy on AREG mRNA abundance (p=0.01) and its neutralization in OOX+DO was again observed after 4 h of AREG-stimulated IVM. After 22 h of AREG-stimulated IVM, oocytectomy and addition of DOs to OOX caused the same effects on gene expression observed after 22 h of FSH-stimulated IVM, except for ADAM17 (p<0.025). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that oocyte-secreted factors inhibit FSH signaling and the expression of major genes of the maturation cascade in cumulus cells. These may be important actions of the oocyte favoring its communication with cumulus cells and preventing premature activation of the maturation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Buratini
- Biogenesi, Reproductive Medicine Centre, Monza, Italy.
- Clinica EUGIN, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaisy Tino Dellaqua
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernanda de Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christopher A Price
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Canada
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3
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Celik S, Ozkavukcu S, Celik-Ozenci C. Recombinant anti-Mullerian hormone treatment attenuates primordial follicle loss after ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1117-1134. [PMID: 36856968 PMCID: PMC10239422 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The foremost drawback of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and re-transplantation (OTCT) technique is the rapid loss of the primordial follicle (PF) pool. In recent studies, we have demonstrated that post-transplantation burnout of the PFs occurs due to the altered expression of the activatory and inhibitory proteins that control PF reserve, and rapamycin prevented it. METHODS Here, we investigated whether anti-Mullerian hormone administration in the bilateral oophorectomy and transplantation group and internal AMH in the unilateral oophorectomy and transplantation group protect follicle reserve by regulating the expression of the molecules that control follicle growth after OTCT in mice. RESULTS After 14 days of OTCT, PF reserve is significantly reduced in both unilateral oophorectomy and transplantation and bilateral oophorectomy and transplantation groups, while anti-Mullerian hormone treatment attenuates PF loss after bilateral oophorectomy and transplantation. The expression of KitL, Bmp-15, and p27 decreased after unilateral oophorectomy and transplantation and bilateral oophorectomy and transplantation, yet recombinant anti-Mullerian hormone treatment did not restore the expression of these proteins in the BLO-T group. CONCLUSION Exogenous recombinant anti-Mullerian hormone administration in the BLO-T group preserved the expressions of Tsc1 and Gdf-9 in PF and p-s6k and Gdf-9 in growing follicles after OTCT. Nonetheless, recombinant anti-Mullerian hormone administration did not affect granulosa cell proliferation and death rates in the growing follicles. These findings suggest a novel hormonal replacement strategy for fertility preservation by restoring anti-Mullerian hormone to regulate Tsc1 and p-s6k, thereby linking this hormone with the mTOR pathway and Gdf-9 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Celik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sinan Ozkavukcu
- School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Assisted Conception Unit, DD2 1SG, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Ciler Celik-Ozenci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Koc University Medical Faculty, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Esencan E, Beroukhim G, Seifer DB. Age-related changes in Folliculogenesis and potential modifiers to improve fertility outcomes - A narrative review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:156. [PMID: 36397149 PMCID: PMC9670479 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive aging is characterized by a decline in oocyte quantity and quality, which is directly associated with a decline in reproductive potential, as well as poorer reproductive success and obstetrical outcomes. As women delay childbearing, understanding the mechanisms of ovarian aging and follicular depletion have become increasingly more relevant. Age-related meiotic errors in oocytes are well established. In addition, it is also important to understand how intraovarian regulators change with aging and how certain treatments can mitigate the impact of aging. Individual studies have demonstrated that reproductive pathways involving antimullerian hormone (AMH), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neurotropins, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and mitochondrial function are pivotal for healthy oocyte and cumulus cell development and are altered with increasing age. We provide a comprehensive review of these individual studies and explain how these factors change in oocytes, cumulus cells, and follicular fluid. We also summarize how modifiers of folliculogenesis, such as vitamin D, coenzyme Q, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may be used to potentially overcome age-related changes and enhance fertility outcomes of aged follicles, as evidenced by human and rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Esencan
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Gabriela Beroukhim
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David B Seifer
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA
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Zhou X, Jiang D, Zhang Z, Shen X, Pan J, Xu D, Tian Y, Huang Y. Expression of GnIH and its effects on follicle development and steroidogenesis in quail ovaries under different photoperiods. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102227. [PMID: 36334429 PMCID: PMC9627100 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoperiod is an important environmental factor that influence seasonal reproduction behavior in bird and GnIH can play a function in this process through the reproductive axis, and some studies suggest that GnIH may have a direct role at the gonadal level. To investigate the expression of GnIH and its effects on follicle development and steroidogenesis in quail ovaries under different photoperiods, 72 healthy laying quails of 8-wk-old were randomly divided into long day (LD) group [16 light (L): 8 dark (D)] (n = 36) and short day (SD) group (8L:16D) (n = 36). Samples were collected from each group on d1, d11, d22, and d36 of the experiment. The result showed that short day treatment upregulated the level of GnIH in the gonads (P < 0.05), decreased the expression level of CYP19A1,3β-HSD, StAR, LHR, and FSHR and increased the expression level of AMH, AMHR2, GDF9, and BMP15 to inhibit follicle development and ovulation, thus affecting the egg production performance of quails. In vitro culture of quail granulosa cells and treatment with different concentrations of GnIH (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) for 24 h. Result showed that GnIH inhibited the levels of FSHR, LHR, and steroid synthesis pathways in granulosa cells, upregulated the levels of AMHR2, GDF9, and BMP15. The results suggest that the inhibition of follicle development and reduced egg production in quail by short day treatment is due to GnIH acting at the gonadal level, and GnIH affected the steroid synthesis by inhibiting gonadotropin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhou
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Health Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Danli Jiang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Health Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhuoshen Zhang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Health Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Health Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jianqiu Pan
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Health Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Danning Xu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Health Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Health Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yunmao Huang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Health Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China,Corresponding author:
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Kristensen SG, Kumar A, Mamsen LS, Kalra B, Pors SE, Bøtkjær JA, Macklon KT, Fedder J, Ernst E, Hardy K, Franks S, Andersen CY. Intrafollicular Concentrations of the Oocyte-secreted Factors GDF9 and BMP15 Vary Inversely in Polycystic Ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3374-e3383. [PMID: 35511085 PMCID: PMC9282257 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The oocyte-secreted factors growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) play essential roles in follicle development and oocyte maturation, and aberrant regulation might contribute to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. OBJECTIVE Are there measurable differences in concentrations of GDF9, BMP15, and the GDF9/BMP15 heterodimer in small antral follicle fluids from women with and without polycystic ovaries (PCO)? DESIGN AND SETTING Follicle fluids (n = 356) were collected from 4- to 11-mm follicles in unstimulated ovaries of 87 women undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation. PATIENTS Twenty-seven women with PCO were identified and 60 women without PCO-like characteristics (non-PCO women) were matched according to age and follicle size. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intrafollicular concentrations of GDF9, BMP15, GDF9/BMP15 heterodimer, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), inhibin-A and -B, total inhibin, activin-B and -AB, and follistatin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The detectability of GDF9, BMP15, and the GDF9/BMP15 heterodimer were 100%, 94.4%, and 91.5%, respectively, and concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with increasing follicle size (P < 0.0001). GDF9 was significantly higher in women with PCO (PCO: 4230 ± 189 pg/mL [mean ± SEM], n = 188; non-PCO: 3498 ± 199 pg/mL, n = 168; P < 0.03), whereas BMP15 was lower in women with PCO (PCO: 431 ± 40 pg/mL, n = 125; non-PCO: 573 ± 55 pg/mL, n = 109; P = 0.10), leading to a significantly higher GDF9:BMP15 ratio in women with PCO (P < 0.01). Significant positive associations between BMP15 and AMH, activins, and inhibins in non-PCO women switched to negative associations in women with PCO. CONCLUSIONS Intrafollicular concentrations of GDF9 and BMP15 varied inversely in women with PCO reflecting an aberrant endocrine environment. An increased GDF9:BMP15 ratio may be a new biomarker for PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Gry Kristensen
- Correspondence: Stine Gry Kristensen, PhD, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Section 5701, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Linn Salto Mamsen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Susanne Elisabeth Pors
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane Alrø Bøtkjær
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Tryde Macklon
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Fedder
- Centre of Andrology & Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik Ernst
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Horsens Regional Hospital, 8700 Horsens, Denmark
| | - Kate Hardy
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Buratini J, Dellaqua TT, Dal Canto M, La Marca A, Carone D, Mignini Renzini M, Webb R. The putative roles of FSH and AMH in the regulation of oocyte developmental competence: from fertility prognosis to mechanisms underlying age-related subfertility. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 28:232-254. [PMID: 34969065 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertility loss during female ageing is associated with increasing basal FSH and decreasing anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations, together with compromised oocyte quality, presumably due to increased oxidative stress (OS) and DNA damage, as well as reduced metabolic and meiotic competences. Basal FSH and AMH circulatory concentrations have been broadly utilized as IVF success predictors, regardless of fluctuations in prognostic accuracy; basal FSH and AMH perform better in pre-advanced maternal age (AMA: >35 years) and AMA patients, respectively. The relationships between FSH and AMH intrafollicular levels and IVF outcomes suggest, nevertheless, that both hormones regulate oocyte competence, supporting the hypothesis that changes in FSH/AMH levels cause, at least in part, oocyte quality degradation during ageing. To understand the reasons behind the fluctuations in FSH and AMH prognostic accuracies and to clarify their participation in mechanisms determining oocyte competence and age-related subfertility, a deeper knowledge of the regulation of FSH and AMH intrafollicular signalling during the female reproductive lifespan, and of their effects on the cumulus-oocyte complex, is required. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE An extensive body of information on the regulation of FSH and AMH intrafollicular availability and signalling, as well as on the control of folliculogenesis and oocyte metabolism, has been accumulated. However, these datasets have been explored within the relatively narrow boundaries of their specific subjects. Given the aforementioned gaps in knowledge and their clinical relevance, herein we integrate clinical and basic data, within a wide biological perspective, aiming to shed light on (i) the reasons for the variability in the accuracy of serum FSH and AMH as fertility markers, and on (ii) the potential roles of these hormones in mechanisms regulating oocyte quality, particularly those associated with ageing. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database encompassing the period between 1960 and 2021 was searched. Principal search terms were FSH, FSH receptor, AMH, oocyte, maternal age, cumulus, transzonal projections (TZPs), actin, OS, redox, reactive oxygen species, mitochondria, DNA damage, DNA repair, aneuploidy, spindle, meiosis, gene expression, transcription, translation, oocyte secreted factors (OSFs), cAMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, natriuretic peptide C, growth differentiation factor 9, bone morphogenetic protein 15 and fibroblast growth factor. OUTCOMES Our analysis suggests that variations in the accuracy of fertility prognosis reflect a modest association between circulatory AMH levels and oocyte quality as well as increasing basal FSH inter-cycle variability with age. In addition, the basic and clinical data articulated herein support the hypothesis that increased intrafollicular FSH levels, as maternal age advances, may override the physiological protective influences of AMH and OSFs against excessive FSH signalling in cumulus cells. This would result in the disruption of oocyte homeostasis via reduced TZP-mediated transfer of cumulus-derived molecules essential for meiotic competence, gene expression, redox activity and DNA repair. WIDER IMPLICATIONS In-depth data analysis, encompassing a wide biological perspective has revealed potential causative mechanisms of age-related subfertility triggered by alterations in FSH/AMH signalling during the female reproductive life. Insights from new mechanistic models arising from this analysis should contribute to advancing our comprehension of oocyte biology in humans and serve as a valuable reference for novel AMA subfertility treatments aimed at improving oocyte quality through the modulation of AMH/FSH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Buratini
- Biogenesi Reproductive Medicine Centre-Eugin Group, Istituti Clinici Zucchi, Monza, Italy.,Clinica Eugin Modena, Modena, Italy.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thaisy Tino Dellaqua
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariabeatrice Dal Canto
- Biogenesi Reproductive Medicine Centre-Eugin Group, Istituti Clinici Zucchi, Monza, Italy.,Clinica Eugin Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Clinica Eugin Modena, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Mario Mignini Renzini
- Biogenesi Reproductive Medicine Centre-Eugin Group, Istituti Clinici Zucchi, Monza, Italy.,Clinica Eugin Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Robert Webb
- Division of Animal Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
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di Clemente N, Racine C, Pierre A, Taieb J. Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Female Reproduction. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:753-782. [PMID: 33851994 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also called Müllerian inhibiting substance, was shown to be synthesized by the ovary in the 1980s. This article reviews the main findings of the past 20 years on the regulation of the expression of AMH and its specific receptor AMHR2 by granulosa cells, the mechanism of action of AMH, the different roles it plays in the reproductive organs, its clinical utility, and its involvement in the principal pathological conditions affecting women. The findings in respect of regulation tell us that AMH and AMHR2 expression is mainly regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins, gonadotropins, and estrogens. It has now been established that AMH regulates the different steps of folliculogenesis and that it has neuroendocrine effects. On the other hand, the importance of serum AMH as a reliable marker of ovarian reserve and as a useful tool in the prediction of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and primary ovarian failure has also been acknowledged. Last but not least, a large body of evidence points to the involvement of AMH in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie di Clemente
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot Université, Paris, France
| | - Alice Pierre
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Taieb
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
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Rydze RT, Patton B, Briley SM, Salazar-Torralba H, Gipson G, James R, Rajkovic A, Thompson T, Pangas SA. Deletion of Gremlin-2 alters estrous cyclicity and disrupts female fertility in mice. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1205-1220. [PMID: 34333627 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma (DAN) protein family are developmentally conserved extracellular binding proteins that antagonize bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. This protein family includes the Gremlin proteins, GREM1 and GREM2, which have key functions during embryogenesis and adult physiology. While BMPs play essential roles in ovarian follicle development, the role of the DAN family in female reproductive physiology is less understood. We generated mice null for Grem2 to determine its role in female reproduction in addition to screening patients with primary ovarian insufficiency for variants in GREM2. Grem2-/- mice are viable, but female Grem2-/- mice have diminished fecundity and irregular estrous cycles. This is accompanied by significantly reduced production of ovarian anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) from small growing follicles, leading to a significant decrease in serum AMH. Surprisingly, as AMH is a well-established marker of the ovarian reserve, morphometric analysis of ovarian follicles showed maintenance of primordial follicles in Grem2-/- mice like wild type littermates. While Grem2 mRNA transcripts were not detected in the pituitary, Grem2 is expressed in hypothalami of wild type female mice, suggesting the potential for dysfunction in multiple tissues composing the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis that contribute to the subfertility phenotype. Additionally, screening 106 women with primary ovarian insufficiency identified one individual with a heterozygous variant in GREM2 that lies within the predicted BMP-GREM2 interface. In total, these data suggest Grem2 is necessary for female fecundity by playing a novel role in regulating the HPO axis and contributing to female reproductive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Rydze
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital Pavilion for Women, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Graduate Program in Clinical Scientist Training, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Bethany Patton
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Shawn M Briley
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - Gregory Gipson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, & Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rebecca James
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA, Department of OB-GYN, University of California, San Francisco, USA, Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Thomas Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, & Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Stephanie A Pangas
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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10
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Esfandyari S, Winston NJ, Fierro MA, Scoccia H, Stocco C. Oocyte-secreted factors strongly stimulate sFRP4 expression in human cumulus cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6255760. [PMID: 33905521 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein-4 (SFRP4) belongs to a family of soluble ovarian-expressed proteins that participate in female reproduction, particularly in rodents. In humans, SFRP4 is highly expressed in cumulus cells (CCs). However, the mechanisms that stimulate SFRP4 in CCs have not been examined. We hypothesise that oocyte-secreted factors such as growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are involved in the regulation of SFRP4. Human CCs were collected from patients undergoing fertility treatments and treated with GDF9 or BMP15 or their combination in the presence of FSH or vehicle. FSH treatment significantly decreased SFRP4 mRNA levels when compared with nontreated cells. However, SFRP4 mRNA levels were increased significantly by GDF9 plus BMP15 in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence or absence of FSH. The combination of GDF9 plus BMP15 also increased SFRP4 protein levels and decreased the activity of the β-catenin/T cell factor-responsive promoter significantly. GDF9 plus BMP15 inhibited steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and LH/hCG receptor stimulation by FSH, while treatment with SFRP4 blocked the stimulatory effect of FSH on these genes. The evidence demonstrates that GDF9 and BMP15 act in coordination to stimulate SFRP4 expression and suggests that SFRP4 mediates the anti-luteinising effects of the oocyte in human CCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicola J Winston
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle A Fierro
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Humberto Scoccia
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos Stocco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Robertson DM, Lee CH, Baerwald A. Interactions between serum FSH, inhibin B and antral follicle count in the decline of serum AMH during the menstrual cycle in late reproductive age. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021; 4:e00172. [PMID: 33855196 PMCID: PMC8029535 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the hormonal interrelationships during the menstrual cycle in women of late reproductive age with suppressed serum AMH and antral follicle count (AFC). Methods Serum hormones (AMH, FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, inhibin A, inhibin B), AFC (2-10 mm) and AMH/AFC ratio (an estimate of AMH/follicle) were assessed every 2-3 days across the menstrual cycle in 26 healthy ovulatory women aged 18-50 years. Results An 11-fold fall in AMH/AFC was observed in women aged ≥45 years compared to those 18-45 years (P < .001). Although women ≥45 years exhibited normal menstrual cycle patterns of serum estradiol, progesterone, LH and inhibin A, FSH was elevated (P < .001) and inhibin B suppressed (P < .001) compared to the younger group. Overall FSH was inversely correlated (r = .55, P < .05) and AMH directly correlated (r = .88, P < .01) with AFC; however, these relationships were curvilinear and more pronounced when AFC was low. Inhibin B was directly linearly correlated (r = .70, P < .01) with AFC across both high and low AMH/follicle groups. Conclusions It is hypothesized that the marked fall in AMH/follicle in late reproductive age is attributed to the change in the hormonal interplay between the pituitary and ovary. The fall in AFC leads to a decrease in inhibin B and a concomitant increase in FSH by a recognized feedback mechanism. It is postulated the elevated FSH suppresses AMH either directly or indirectly through oocyte-specific growth factors leading to a marked fall in AMH/follicle. We propose that pituitary-ovarian and intra-ovarian regulatory systems underpin the accelerated fall in AMH/follicle during the transition to menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Robertson
- Centre for Endocrinology and MetabolismHudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VictoriaMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonAustralia
| | - Chel Hee Lee
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of CalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Angela Baerwald
- Department of Academic Family MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatchewanCanada
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12
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Sominsky L, Younesi S, De Luca SN, Loone SM, Quinn KM, Spencer SJ. Ovarian follicles are resistant to monocyte perturbations-implications for ovarian health with immune disruption†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:100-112. [PMID: 33709094 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are the most abundant immune cell populations in the adult ovary, with well-known roles in ovulation and corpus luteum formation and regression. They are activated and proliferate in response to immune challenge and are suppressed by anti-inflammatory treatments. It is also likely they have a functional role in the healthy ovary in supporting the maturing follicle from the primordial through to the later stages; however, this role has been unexplored until now. Here, we utilized a Cx3cr1-Dtr transgenic Wistar rat model that allows a conditional depletion of circulating monocytes, to investigate their role in ovarian follicle health. Our findings show that circulating monocyte depletion leads to a significant depletion of ovarian monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Depletion of monocytes was associated with a transient reduction in circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) at 5 days postdepletion. However, the 50-60% ovarian monocyte/macrophage depletion had no effect on ovarian follicle numbers, follicle atresia, or apoptosis, within 5-21 days postdepletion. These data reveal that the healthy adult ovary is remarkably resistant to perturbations of circulating and ovarian monocytes despite acute changes in AMH. These data suggest that short-term anti-inflammatory therapies that transiently impact on circulating monocytes are unlikely to disrupt ovarian follicle health, findings that have significant implications for fertility planning relative to the experience of an immune challenge or immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone N De Luca
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sophie M Loone
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie M Quinn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Yang J, Feng T, Li S, Zhang X, Qian Y. Human follicular fluid shows diverse metabolic profiles at different follicle developmental stages. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:74. [PMID: 32703275 PMCID: PMC7376676 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the metabolic profiles in the follicular fluid (FF) samples from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to analyze the correlations with follicular development. METHODS The FF samples were obtained from participants (N = 26) who were receiving IVF under the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) long protocol stimulation and were collected separately from small (8-13 mm) and large (17-22 mm) follicles at the time of oocyte retrieval. Metabolomic analysis of the FF samples was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS The results demonstrated that the size of the follicle influences the metabolic signature of the FF according to the profile and differential metabolites. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which is enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis, correlated negatively with the oocyte maturation rate and the high-quality embryo rate, and thus could be used to estimate the predictive diagnostic potential of follicular development. CONCLUSION The FF has different metabolic characteristics in different stages of follicular development. Exploring meaningful metabolites could predict follicular development, and modifications of these metabolites could influence follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Suying Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
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14
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New insights into anti-Müllerian hormone role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and neuroendocrine development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1-16. [PMID: 32564094 PMCID: PMC7867527 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research into the physiological actions of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has rapidly expanded from its classical role in male sexual differentiation to the regulation of ovarian function, routine clinical use in reproductive health and potential use as a biomarker in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). During the past 10 years, the notion that AMH could act exclusively at gonadal levels has undergone another paradigm shift as several exciting studies reported unforeseen AMH actions throughout the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) axis. In this review, we will focus on these findings reporting novel AMH actions across the HPG axis and we will discuss their potential impact and significance to better understand human reproductive disorders characterized by either developmental alterations of neuroendocrine circuits regulating fertility and/or alterations of their function in adult life. Finally, we will summarize recent preclinical studies suggesting that elevated levels of AMH may potentially be a contributing factor to the central pathophysiology of PCOS and other reproductive diseases.
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15
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Estienne A, Jarrier P, Staub C, Venturi E, Le Vern Y, Clemente N, Monniaux D, Monget P. Anti-Müllerian hormone production in the ovary: a comparative study in bovine and porcine granulosa cells†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:572-582. [PMID: 32432313 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the origin of the difference, in terms of anti-Müllerian hormone production, existing between the bovine and porcine ovaries. We first confirmed by quantitative real-time-Polymerase-Chain Reaction, ELISA assay and immunohistochemistry that anti-Müllerian hormone mRNA and protein production are very low in porcine ovarian growing follicles compared to bovine ones. We then have transfected porcine and bovine granulosa cells with vectors containing the luciferase gene driven by the porcine or the bovine anti-Müllerian hormone promoter. These transfection experiments showed that the porcine anti-Müllerian hormone promoter is less active and less responsive to bone morphogenetic protein stimulations than the bovine promoter in both porcine and bovine cells. Moreover, bovine but not porcine granulosa cells were responsive to bone morphogenetic protein stimulation after transfection of a plasmidic construction including a strong response element to the bone morphogenetic proteins (12 repetitions of the GCCG sequence) upstream of the luciferase reporter gene. We also showed that SMAD6, an inhibitor of the SMAD1-5-8 pathway, is strongly expressed in porcine compared to the bovine granulosa cells. Overall, these results suggest that the low expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in porcine growing follicles is due to both a lack of activity/sensitivity of the porcine anti-Müllerian hormone promoter, and to the lack of responsiveness of porcine granulosa cells to bone morphogenetic protein signaling, potentially due to an overexpression of SMAD6 compared to bovine granulosa cells. We propose that the low levels of anti-Müllerian hormone in the pig would explain the poly-ovulatory phenotype in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Françis du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Peggy Jarrier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Françis du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Staub
- Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière (UEPAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l'Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale (UE) 1297, Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Venturi
- Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière (UEPAO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l'Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale (UE) 1297, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Le Vern
- Infectiologie, Santé Publique (ISP), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l'Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Clemente
- Sorbonne Université, Insitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Françis du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Monget
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Françis du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Tours, France
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16
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Korhonen K, Unkila-Kallio L, Alfthan H, Hämäläinen E, Tiitinen A, Mikkola T, Tapanainen J, Savolainen-Peltonen H. Plasma pentraxin 3 is higher in early ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome than in uncomplicated in vitro fertilization cycle of high-risk women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 301:1569-1578. [PMID: 32372340 PMCID: PMC7246248 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a locally secreted, quicker responsive pro-inflammatory protein than C-reactive protein (CRP). We evaluated the value of PTX3 in the prediction of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a severe complication of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods This two-year prospective follow-up study included 27 women with uncomplicated IVF-cycles (IVF group) and 31 patients diagnosed with moderate or severe early OHSS (OHSS group). PTX3 was analysed from follicular fluid (FF) and serial blood samples with enzyme-linked immunoassay and CRP with particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. The value of PTX3 and CRP in detecting OHSS was examined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and expressed as the area under the curve (AUC). Results The circulating PTX3 level peaked at two days after oocyte pick-up (OPU2), and in the OHSS group the level was 1.9 times higher (P = 0.006) than in the IVF group. However, in ROC curve analysis PTX3 (AUC 0.79, best cut off 1.1 µg/L) was not superior to CRP (AUC 0.87; best cut off 9.5 mg/L) in predicting early OHSS. In the IVF group, the FF-PTX3 concentration was 15–20 times higher than in the plasma. PTX3 level at OPU2 correlated with the number of punctured follicles (r = 0.56, n = 22, P = 0.006). Triggering with human chorionic gonadotrophin or early pregnancy had no effect on PTX3 level. Conclusion The elevated PTX3 concentration in OHSS at OPU2, when freeze-all embryos strategy is still possible to consider, indicates that PTX3 level could provide additional benefit in the risk assessment for early OHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Korhonen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, PO Box 140, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leila Unkila-Kallio
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, PO Box 140, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Alfthan
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Topeliuksenkatu 32, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Tiitinen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, PO Box 140, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Mikkola
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, PO Box 140, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Tapanainen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, PO Box 140, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, Linnanmaa, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna Savolainen-Peltonen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, PO Box 140, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Ye X, Pan W, Li C, Ma X, Yin S, Zhou J, Liu J. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk for premature ovarian failure and reproductive hormones imbalance. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 91:1-9. [PMID: 32172957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a typical class of persistent organic pollutants that is ubiquitous worldwide. Previous animal studies suggested that PAHs had adverse effects on female reproduction. However, the human data regarding relationship of PAHs exposure with women reproductive health, such as ovarian dysfunction, are scarce. In this case-control study, the associations of serum levels of PAHs with the risk of premature ovarian failure (POF) and reproductive hormones in Chinese women were investigated, with recruiting 157 POF patients and 217 healthy women. The serum levels of 12 types of PAHs, as well as reproductive hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and anti-mullerian hormone, were determined. In the logistic regression models, most individual PAH congeners showed significantly positive correlations with the risk of POF (p < 0.05), except for fluorine and pyrene. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), as the most carcinogenic PAH congener, was observed to be significantly positively associated with the risk of POF. After adjustment for age, body mass index, educational levels and household income, per one-unit increase in the log-transformed BaP concentration was significantly correlated with 2.191-fold increased risk of POF (OR = 2.191, 95%CI: 1.634-2.938, p < 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between internal exposure levels of PAHs and the increased risk of POF in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ye
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wuye Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunming Li
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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18
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Sadat Tahajjodi S, Farashahi Yazd E, Agha-Rahimi A, Aflatoonian R, Ali Khalili M, Mohammadi M, Aflatoonian B. Biological and physiological characteristics of human cumulus cells in adherent culture condition. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:1-10. [PMID: 32043066 PMCID: PMC6996122 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v18i1.6189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cumulus cells, as oocyte nurse cells, provide a suitable microenvironment with growth factors and cellular interactions required for oocyte maturation. Thus, these cells may serve as a natural niche for in vitro studies of female germ cell development. Cumulus cells may help attain a better understanding of the causes of infertility in women and eventually improve the outcomes of cases that respond poorly to standard infertility treatment. Objective The aim of this study was to isolate, culture, and investigate the biological characteristics of human cumulus cells. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, cumulus cells were isolated, cultured, and characterized using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of specific genes including FOXL2, CYP19A1, FSHR, AMHR, and LHR. The presence of vimentin, a structural protein, was examined via immunofluorescent staining. Moreover, levels of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and progesterone secretion by cumulus cells were measured with ELISA after 2, 4, 12, 24, and 48 hr of culture. Results In adherent culture, human cumulus cells expressed specific genes and markers as well as secreted AMH and progesterone into the medium. Conclusion Cumulus cells secrete AMH and progesterone in an adherent culture and might be applicable for in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Sadat Tahajjodi
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ehsan Farashahi Yazd
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azam Agha-Rahimi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Centre, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khalili
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mohammadi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Behrouz Aflatoonian
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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19
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Qin C, Xia X, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Zhang N, Uslu B, Johnson J, Kallen AN. A novel, noncoding-RNA-mediated, post-transcriptional mechanism of anti-Mullerian hormone regulation by the H19/let-7 axis. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:101-111. [PMID: 30137224 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In reproductive age women, the pool of primordial follicles is continuously depleted through the process of cyclic recruitment. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) both inhibits the initial recruitment of primordial follicles into the growing pool and modulates the sensitivity of growing follicles to follicle stimulating hormone. Thus, AMH may be an important modulator of female infertility and ovarian reserve; however, the mechanisms regulating AMH remain unclear.To evaluate AMH levels in the absence of H19 lncRNA, H19 knockout (H19KO) mice were evaluated for analysis of ovarian AMH gene expression, protein production, and reproductive function, including assessment of follicle numbers and litter size analysis. To further investigate regulation of AMH by the H19/let-7 axis, let-7 binding sites on AMH were predicted, and in vitro studies of the effect of H19 knockdown/overexpression with let-7 rescue were performed. Lastly, response to superovulation was assessed via oocyte counts and estradiol measurements.The H19KO mouse demonstrates subfertility and accelerated follicular recruitment with increased spontaneous development of secondary, preantral, and antral follicles. Ovaries of H19KO mice have decreased AMH mRNA and protein, and AMH mRNA has a functional let-7 binding site, suggesting a plausible ncRNA-mediated mechanism for AMH regulation by H19/let-7. Lastly, in the absence of H19, superovulation results in higher estradiol and more oocytes, suggesting that H19 functions to limit the number of follicles that mature, produce estradiol, and ovulate. Thus, AMH's inhibitory actions are regulated at least in part by H19, likely via let-7, marking this ncRNA pair as important regulators of the establishment and maintenance of the follicular pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen City Maternity and Child Healthcare, Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital of Beijing University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bahar Uslu
- Quinnipiac University, Frank H. Netter School of Medicine, North Haven, CT
| | - Joshua Johnson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver (AMC), Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amanda N Kallen
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Yale School of Medicine, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Hobeika E, Armouti M, Fierro MA, Winston N, Scoccia H, Zamah AM, Stocco C. Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 by Oocyte-Secreted Factors in Primary Human Granulosa Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5582040. [PMID: 31588501 PMCID: PMC6938692 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Human granulosa cells (hGCs) produce and respond to insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) but whether the oocyte participates in IGF2 regulation in humans is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of oocyte-secreted factors (OSFs) such as growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) in IGF2 production by hGCs. DESIGN Primary human cumulus GCs in culture. SETTING University infertility center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS GCs of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. INTERVENTION(S) Cells treated with GDF9 and BMP15 in the presence of vehicle, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), dibutyryl cyclic-AMP (dbcAMP), or mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) inhibitors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Quantification of mRNA, protein, promoter activity, and DNA methylation. RESULTS FSH stimulation of IGF2 (protein and mRNA) was significantly potentiated by the GDF9 and BMP15 (G+B) combination (P < 0.0001) in a concentration-dependent manner showing a maximal effect at 5 ng/mL each. However, GDF9 or BMP15 alone or in combination (G+B) have no effect on IGF2 in the absence of FSH. FSH stimulated IGF2 promoter 3 activity, but G+B had no effect on promoter activity. G+B potentiated IGF2 stimulation by cAMP. SMAD3 inhibitors inhibited G+B enhancement of IGF2 stimulation by FSH (P < 0.05) but had no effect on FSH induction. Moreover, inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor partially blocked G+B potentiation of FSH actions (P < 0.009). CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we show that the oocyte actively participates in the regulation of IGF2 expression in hGCs, an effect that is mediated by the specific combination of G+B via SMAD2/3, which in turn target mechanisms downstream of the FSH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Hobeika
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marah Armouti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michele A Fierro
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nichola Winston
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Humberto Scoccia
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alberuni M Zamah
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carlos Stocco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Correspondence: Carlos Stocco, 835 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, Illinois, 60612. E-mail:
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Hobeika E, Armouti M, Kala H, Fierro MA, Winston NJ, Scoccia B, Zamah AM, Stocco C. Oocyte-Secreted Factors Synergize With FSH to Promote Aromatase Expression in Primary Human Cumulus Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1667-1676. [PMID: 30541132 PMCID: PMC6441017 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) on aromatase regulation is poorly understood in humans. OBJECTIVE Determine GDF9 and BMP15 effects on FSH stimulation of estradiol production in primary human cumulus granulosa cells (GCs). We hypothesized that the combination of GDF9 and BMP15 potentiates FSH-induced aromatase expression. DESIGN Primary human cumulus GCs in culture. SETTING University infertility center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS GCs of 60 women undergoing in vitro fertilization were collected. INTERVENTIONS Cells were treated with GDF9 and/or BMP15 (GB) in the presence or absence of FSH, dibutyryl cAMP, or SMAD inhibitors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Promoter activity, mRNA, protein, and estradiol levels were quantified. RESULTS FSH and GB treatment increased CYP19A1 promoter activity, mRNA, and protein levels as well as estradiol when compared with cells treated with FSH only. GB treatment potentiated cAMP stimulation of aromatase and IGF2 stimulation by FSH. GB effects were inhibited by SMAD3 inhibitors and IGF1 receptor inhibitors. GB, but not FSH, stimulates SMAD3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION The combination of GDF9 and BMP15 potently stimulates the effect of FSH and cAMP on CYP19a1 promoter activity and mRNA/protein levels. These effects translate into an increase in estradiol production. This potentiation seems to occur through activation of the SMAD2/3 and SMAD3 signaling pathway and involves, at least in part, the effect of the IGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Hobeika
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marah Armouti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hamsini Kala
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michele A Fierro
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicola J Winston
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bert Scoccia
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alberuni M Zamah
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carlos Stocco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Carlos Stocco, PhD, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60612. E-mail:
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22
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Bouchard MF, Bergeron F, Grenier Delaney J, Harvey LM, Viger RS. In Vivo Ablation of the Conserved GATA-Binding Motif in the Amh Promoter Impairs Amh Expression in the Male Mouse. Endocrinology 2019; 160:817-826. [PMID: 30759208 PMCID: PMC6426834 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
GATA4 is an essential transcriptional regulator required for gonadal development, differentiation, and function. In the developing testis, proposed GATA4-regulated genes include steroidogenic factor 1 (Nr5a1), SRY-related HMG box 9 (Sox9), and anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh). Although some of these genes have been validated as genuine GATA4 targets, it remains unclear whether GATA4 is a direct regulator of endogenous Amh transcription. We used a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach to specifically inactivate or delete the sole GATA-binding motif of the proximal mouse Amh promoter. AMH mRNA and protein levels were assessed at developmental time points corresponding to elevated AMH levels: fetal and neonate testes in males and adult ovaries in females. In males, loss of GATA binding to the Amh promoter significantly reduced Amh expression. Although the loss of GATA binding did not block the initiation of Amh transcription, AMH mRNA and protein levels failed to upregulate in the developing fetal and neonate testis. Interestingly, adult male mice presented no anatomical anomalies and had no evidence of retained Müllerian duct structures, suggesting that AMH levels, although markedly reduced, were sufficient to masculinize the male embryo. In contrast to males, GATA binding to the Amh promoter was dispensable for Amh expression in the adult ovary. These results provide conclusive evidence that in males, GATA4 is a positive modulator of Amh expression that works in concert with other key transcription factors to ensure that the Amh gene is sufficiently expressed in a correct spatiotemporal manner during fetal and prepubertal testis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie France Bouchard
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francis Bergeron
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jasmine Grenier Delaney
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-Mathieu Harvey
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert S Viger
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Correspondence: Robert S. Viger, PhD, Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada. E-mail:
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Shi Y, Li L, Zhou J, Sun J, Chen L, Zhao J, Wu L, Cui Y, Wu L, Wu H. Efficacy of electroacupuncture in regulating the imbalance of AMH and FSH to improve follicle development and hyperandrogenism in PCOS rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108687. [PMID: 30851546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism and follicular arrest. These two characteristics may result from an imbalance between anti-Müllerian hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. Electroacupuncture is effective in improving hyperandrogenism and follicular arrest in PCOS; however, the mechanism is not sufficiently clear. This study aimed to elucidate whether electroacupuncture in PCOS is exerted by regulating an imbalance of anti-Müllerian hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. In this study, a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome was treated with low-frequency electroacupuncture at acupoints (CV-3 and CV-4). To observe the mechanism of electroacupuncture in PCOS, we first observed the estrous cycle. We then observed ovarian morphology by hematoxylin-eosin staining and evaluated levels of testosterone, estradiol, P450arom, follicle stimulating hormone and its receptor, and anti-Müllerian hormone and its receptor by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, double immunofluorescence assay and real-time PCR. Our results showed that in 80% of rats in the electroacupuncture acupoints group, their estrous cycle recovered, ovarian morphology significantly improved, testosterone level significantly decreased, and levels of estradiol and P450arom significantly increased in peripheral serum after 14 consecutive days of treatment (P < 0.01). The expression of anti-Müllerian hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor increased (P < 0.05). These results indicated that electroacupuncture improved hyperandrogenism and follicular arrest by decreasing the excessive expression of AMH to regulate FSH and AMH imbalance in granulosa cells in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Outpatient Department, Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jimeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Luyi Wu
- Qigong Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yunhua Cui
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingxiang Wu
- Editorial Department, Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huangan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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GUPTA PSP, SHREE USPAVANNA, DHALI A, NANDI S. Effect of growth differentiation factor-9 and fibroblast growth factor-basic on small caprine oocyte development in vitro. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i12.85758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the effect of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and fibroblast growth factorbasic (bFGF) on in vitro development of small (<126 μm diameter) caprine oocytes. Small oocytes were recovered from abattoir derived caprine ovaries and matured in vitro (24 h) in the presence of GDF-9 (0, 10, 20, 30 ng/ml) or bFGF (0, 10, 20, 30 ng/ml), and maturity and viability rates were assessed. A combination of both the growth factors (GDF-9, 30 ng/ml + bFGF, 20 ng/ml) was used to mature the oocytes in vitro (24 h). Subsequently oocytes were fertilized in vitro with cauda epidydimis sperm processed with BO medium (2×106/ml sperm). Cleavage and fertilization rates were assessed at 42 to 48 h post-insemination and morula/ blastocyst rate was assessed on 7 to 8 d post-fertilization. Maturation rate was significantly greater in oocytes cultured in media containing 30 ng/ml GDF-9 or 20 ng/ml bFGF compared to control. Maturation, fertilization, cleavage and morulae/blastocyst rates were significantly greater in oocytes cultured in combination of GDF-9 and bFGF compared to control. In conclusion, the supplementation of GDF-9 and bFGF in in vitro maturation (IVM) medium improved the maturation rate and embryo development of small caprine oocytes.
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25
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Roy S, Gandra D, Seger C, Biswas A, Kushnir VA, Gleicher N, Kumar TR, Sen A. Oocyte-Derived Factors (GDF9 and BMP15) and FSH Regulate AMH Expression Via Modulation of H3K27AC in Granulosa Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3433-3445. [PMID: 30060157 PMCID: PMC6112599 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) produced by ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) plays a crucial role in ovarian function. It is used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker of fertility as well as for pathophysiological conditions in women. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism for regulation of AMH expression in GCs using primary mouse GCs and a human GC tumor-derived KGN cell line. We find that growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic factor 15 (BMP15) together (GDF9 + BMP15), but not when tested separately, significantly induce AMH expression in vitro and in vivo (serum AMH). Our results show that GDF9 + BMP15 through the PI3K/Akt and Smad2/3 pathways synergistically recruit the coactivator p300 on the AMH promoter region that promotes acetylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac), facilitating AMH/Amh expression. Intriguingly, we also find that FSH inhibits GDF9 + BMP15-induced increase of AMH/Amh expression. This inhibition occurs through FSH-induced protein kinase A/SF1-mediated expression of gonadotropin inducible ovarian transcription factor 1, a transcriptional repressor, that recruits histone deacetylase 2 to deacetylate H3K27ac, resulting in the suppression of AMH/Amh expression. Furthermore, we report that ovarian Amh mRNA levels are significantly higher in Fshβ-null mice (Fshβ-/-) compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, ovarian Amh mRNA levels are restored in Fshβ-null mice expressing a human WT FSHβ transgene (FSHβ-/-hFSHβWT). Our study provides a mechanistic insight into the regulation of AMH expression that has many implications in female reproduction/fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Roy
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Divya Gandra
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Christina Seger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Anindita Biswas
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - Norbert Gleicher
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, New York
- Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vienna University of Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Denver, Colorado
| | - Aritro Sen
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Correspondence: Aritro Sen, PhD, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, 1230A Anthony Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824. E-mail:
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