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Saget S, Kappeler L, Grandjean V, Leneuve P, Berthaut I, Faure C, Czernichow S, Racine C, Lévy R, Dupont C. Association between metabolic disorders and seminal plasma miRNA levels: a pilot study. Basic Clin Androl 2022; 32:9. [PMID: 35668388 PMCID: PMC9171949 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-022-00159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight and metabolic disorders have a negative impact on male reproductive functions. The mechanisms involved are numerous and complex and epigenetic mechanisms may also be involved, notably through the small non-coding RNAs. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are of particular interest. This preliminary study aimed to identify the miRNAs differentially enriched in seminal plasma related to metabolic disorders and if some are also associated with spermatic parameters alterations. One hundred and sixty men between 18 to 45 years, partners of infertile couple, were included in this cohort. The miRNAs associated with metabolism were selected from the literature and assayed by quantitative real-time PCR using TaqMan gene expression assays. A subset of those with an interesting profile in seminal plasma were secondarily tested in blood. RESULTS Among the 11 selected miRNAs, seven were detected in seminal plasma (miR10b, miR19a, miR19b, miR34b, miR34c, miR133b, miRlet7c). A negative correlation was observed between seminal miR19a levels and metabolic syndrome, blood glucose and C-peptide. Seminal miR19b levels were also negatively correlated with metabolic syndrome. Seminal miR34c levels were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Seminal miR133b levels were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference and leptin levels. Interestingly, modifications of miRNAs in seminal plasma seem specific since highlighted above correlations were not retrieved in the blood plasma for the miR19a, 19b, 10b, 34c. CONCLUSION Few metabolic and anthropometric disorders are correlated with the level of specific miRNAs in seminal plasma. Further studies will be required to decipher if other small non-coding RNAs may also be correlated with metabolic and anthropometric disorders and to assess their potential implication in the alteration of reproductive functions in men with obesity or metabolic disorders. CLINICAL STUDY Metabolic Syndrome and Male Infertility (Metasperme): Trial registration: NCT01974947 . Registered 18 July 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Saget
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France
- IHU-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Kappeler
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France
- IHU-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Grandjean
- Inserm U1065, Team Control of Gene Expression (10), Université Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Patricia Leneuve
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France
- IHU-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Berthaut
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France
- Service de Biologie de La Reproduction CECOS, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP.Sorbonne-Université, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Céline Faure
- Service de Biologie de La Reproduction CECOS, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP.Sorbonne-Université, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Czernichow
- Service de Nutrition, Université de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France
- IHU-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Lévy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France
- IHU-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Service de Biologie de La Reproduction CECOS, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP.Sorbonne-Université, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Dupont
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche St-Antoine, CRSA, 75012, Paris, France.
- IHU-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France.
- Service de Biologie de La Reproduction CECOS, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP.Sorbonne-Université, 75020, Paris, France.
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Cate RL, di Clemente N, Racine C, Groome NP, Pepinsky RB, Whitty A. The anti-Müllerian hormone prodomain is displaced from the hormone/prodomain complex upon bivalent binding to the hormone receptor. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101429. [PMID: 34801555 PMCID: PMC8801479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncovalent complexes of transforming growth factor-β family growth/differentiation factors with their prodomains are classified as latent or active, depending on whether the complexes can bind their respective receptors. For the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), the hormone-prodomain complex is active, and the prodomain is displaced upon binding to its type II receptor, AMH receptor type-2 (AMHR2), on the cell surface. However, the mechanism by which this displacement occurs is unclear. Here, we used ELISA assays to measure the dependence of prodomain displacement on AMH concentration and analyzed results with respect to the behavior expected for reversible binding in combination with ligand-induced receptor dimerization. We found that, in solution, the prodomain has a high affinity for the growth factor (GF) (Kd = 0.4 pM). Binding of the AMH complex to a single AMHR2 molecule does not affect this Kd and does not induce prodomain displacement, indicating that the receptor binding site in the AMH complex is fully accessible to AMHR2. However, recruitment of a second AMHR2 molecule to bind the ligand bivalently leads to a 1000-fold increase in the Kd for the AMH complex, resulting in rapid release of the prodomain. Displacement occurs only if the AMHR2 is presented on a surface, indicating that prodomain displacement is caused by a conformational change in the GF induced by bivalent binding to AMHR2. In addition, we demonstrate that the bone morphogenetic protein 7 prodomain is displaced from the complex with its GF by a similar process, suggesting that this may represent a general mechanism for receptor-mediated prodomain displacement in this ligand family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Cate
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), IHU ICAN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), IHU ICAN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nigel P Groome
- School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - R Blake Pepinsky
- Department of Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrian Whitty
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Dard R, Moreau M, Parizot E, Ghieh F, Brehier L, Kassis N, Serazin V, Lamaziere A, Racine C, di Clemente N, Vialard F, Janel N. DYRK1A Overexpression in Mice Downregulates the Gonadotropic Axis and Disturbs Early Stages of Spermatogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1800. [PMID: 34828406 PMCID: PMC8621272 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder. It is responsible for intellectual disability (ID) and several medical conditions. Although men with DS are thought to be infertile, some spontaneous paternities have been reported. The few studies of the mechanism of infertility in men with DS are now dated. Recent research in zebrafish has indicated that overexpression of DYRK1A (the protein primarily responsible for ID in DS) impairs gonadogenesis at the embryonic stage. To better ascertain DYRK1A's role in infertility in DS, we investigated the effect of DYRK1A overexpression in a transgenic mouse model. We found that overexpression of DYRK1A impairs fertility in transgenic male mice. Interestingly, the mechanism in mice differs slightly from that observed in zebrafish but, with disruption of the early stages of spermatogenesis, is similar to that seen in humans. Unexpectedly, we observed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in the transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Dard
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Stress et Vieillissement, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75205 Paris, France; (M.M.); (E.P.); (N.K.); (N.J.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (F.G.); (L.B.); (F.V.)
- Département de Génétique, CHI de Poissy St Germain en Laye, 78300 Poissy, France;
| | - Manon Moreau
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Stress et Vieillissement, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75205 Paris, France; (M.M.); (E.P.); (N.K.); (N.J.)
| | - Estelle Parizot
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Stress et Vieillissement, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75205 Paris, France; (M.M.); (E.P.); (N.K.); (N.J.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (F.G.); (L.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Farah Ghieh
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (F.G.); (L.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Leslie Brehier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (F.G.); (L.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Stress et Vieillissement, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75205 Paris, France; (M.M.); (E.P.); (N.K.); (N.J.)
| | - Valérie Serazin
- Département de Génétique, CHI de Poissy St Germain en Laye, 78300 Poissy, France;
| | - Antonin Lamaziere
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-INSERM, 75012 Paris, France; (A.L.); (C.R.); (N.d.C.)
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-INSERM, 75012 Paris, France; (A.L.); (C.R.); (N.d.C.)
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-INSERM, 75012 Paris, France; (A.L.); (C.R.); (N.d.C.)
| | - François Vialard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (F.G.); (L.B.); (F.V.)
- Département de Génétique, CHI de Poissy St Germain en Laye, 78300 Poissy, France;
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Stress et Vieillissement, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75205 Paris, France; (M.M.); (E.P.); (N.K.); (N.J.)
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Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also called Müllerian inhibiting substance, was shown to be synthesized by the ovary in the 1980s. This article reviews the main findings of the past 20 years on the regulation of the expression of AMH and its specific receptor AMHR2 by granulosa cells, the mechanism of action of AMH, the different roles it plays in the reproductive organs, its clinical utility, and its involvement in the principal pathological conditions affecting women. The findings in respect of regulation tell us that AMH and AMHR2 expression is mainly regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins, gonadotropins, and estrogens. It has now been established that AMH regulates the different steps of folliculogenesis and that it has neuroendocrine effects. On the other hand, the importance of serum AMH as a reliable marker of ovarian reserve and as a useful tool in the prediction of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and primary ovarian failure has also been acknowledged. Last but not least, a large body of evidence points to the involvement of AMH in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie di Clemente
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot Université, Paris, France
| | - Alice Pierre
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Taieb
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
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Palmese CA, Wyman-Chick KA, Racine C, Pollak LE, Lin G, Farace E, Tran B, Floden D, Bobholz J, Turner TH, York MK. Assessment of deep brain stimulation candidacy during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned and future directions for neuropsychologists. Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:72-84. [PMID: 34030595 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1929496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychological assessment is integral to the pre-surgical deep brain stimulation (DBS) workup for patients with movement disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic quickly affected care access and shifted healthcare delivery, and neuropsychology has adapted successfully to provide tele-neuropsychological (teleNP) DBS evaluations during this time, thus permanently changing the landscape of neuropsychological practice. Method: In this paper, we discuss the lessons learned from the pandemic and we offer care management guidelines for teleNP and in-person evaluations of pre-DBS populations, with exploration of the feasibility of the different approaches for uninterrupted care access. Results: We summarize the strengths and weaknesses of these care models and we provide future directions for the state of clinical neuropsychological practice for DBS programs, with implications for broader patient populations. Conclusions: A better understanding of these dynamics will inform and educate the DBS team and community regarding the complexities of performing DBS neuropsychological evaluations during COVID-19 and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Palmese
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K A Wyman-Chick
- HealthPartners Struthers Parkinson's Center, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - C Racine
- Dept of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - G Lin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Farace
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Neurosurgery, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - B Tran
- Dept of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Floden
- Psychiatry & Psychology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Bobholz
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - T H Turner
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M K York
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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York MK, Farace E, Pollak L, Floden D, Lin G, Wyman-Chick K, Bobholz J, Palmese CA, Racine C, Tran B, Turner TH, Jimenez-Shahed J. The global pandemic has permanently changed the state of practice for pre-DBS neuropsychological evaluations. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 86:135-138. [PMID: 34049812 PMCID: PMC8119389 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation and management of patients with movement disorders has evolved considerably due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the assessment of candidates for deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy. Members of the Neuropsychology Focus Group from the Parkinson Study Group Functional Neurosurgical Working Group met virtually to discuss current practices and solutions, build consensus, and to inform the DBS team and community regarding the complexities of performing DBS neuropsychological evaluations during COVID-19. It is our viewpoint that the practice of neuropsychology has adapted successfully to provide tele-neuropsychological pre-DBS evaluations during the global pandemic, thus permanently changing the landscape of neuropsychological services.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K York
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - E Farace
- Pennsylvania State University, Hersey, PA, USA
| | - L Pollak
- Massachusetts General, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Floden
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - G Lin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Wyman-Chick
- HealthPartners Struthers Parkinson's Center, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - J Bobholz
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - C A Palmese
- The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Racine
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B Tran
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T H Turner
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Racine C, Genêt C, Bourgneuf C, Dupont C, Plisson-Petit F, Sarry J, Hennequet-Antier C, Vigouroux C, Mathieu d'Argent E, Pierre A, Monniaux D, Fabre S, di Clemente N. New Anti-Müllerian Hormone Target Genes Involved in Granulosa Cell Survival in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1271-e1289. [PMID: 33247926 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A protective effect of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) on follicle atresia was recently demonstrated using long-term treatments, but this effect has never been supported by mechanistic studies. This work aimed to gain an insight into the mechanism of action of AMH on follicle atresia and on how this could account for the increased follicle pool observed in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to study the effects of AMH on follicle atresia and on the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs). RNA-sequencing was carried out to identify new AMH target genes in GCs. The expression of some of these genes in GCs from control and PCOS women was compared using microfluidic real time quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS A short-term AMH treatment prevented follicle atresia in prepubertal mice. Consistent with this result, AMH inhibited apoptosis and promoted proliferation of different models of GCs. Moreover, integrative biology analyses of 965 AMH target genes identified in 1 of these GC models, confirmed that AMH had initiated a gene expression program favoring cell survival and proliferation. Finally, on 43 genes selected among the most up- and down-regulated AMH targets, 8 were up-regulated in GCs isolated from PCOS women, of which 5 are involved in cell survival. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results provide for the first time cellular and molecular evidence that AMH protects follicles from atresia by controlling GC survival and suggest that AMH could participate in the increased follicle pool of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystèle Racine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot Université, Paris, France
| | - Carine Genêt
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Camille Bourgneuf
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Dupont
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | | | - Julien Sarry
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christelle Hennequet-Antier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mathieu d'Argent
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Alice Pierre
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
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8
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Bourgneuf C, Bailbé D, Lamazière A, Dupont C, Moldes M, Farabos D, Roblot N, Gauthier C, Mathieu d'Argent E, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Monniaux D, Fève B, Movassat J, di Clemente N, Racine C. The Goto-Kakizaki rat is a spontaneous prototypical rodent model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1064. [PMID: 33594056 PMCID: PMC7886868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by an oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian morphology combined with major metabolic disturbances. However, despite the high prevalence and the human and economic consequences of this syndrome, its etiology remains unknown. In this study, we show that female Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a type 2 diabetes mellitus model, encapsulate naturally all the reproductive and metabolic hallmarks of lean women with PCOS at puberty and in adulthood. The analysis of their gestation and of their fetuses demonstrates that this PCOS-like phenotype is developmentally programmed. GK rats also develop features of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Lastly, a comparison between GK rats and a cohort of women with PCOS reveals a similar reproductive signature. Thus, this spontaneous rodent model of PCOS represents an original tool for the identification of the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis and for the development of novel strategies for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bourgneuf
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Bailbé
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Lamazière
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Département PM2, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Dupont
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Service de biologie de la reproduction-CECOS, Paris, France
| | - Marthe Moldes
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Farabos
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Département PM2, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Roblot
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Camille Gauthier
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mathieu d'Argent
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Service de biologie de la reproduction-CECOS, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service Endocrinologie, CRMR PRISIS, Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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Valeri C, Lovaisa MM, Racine C, Edelsztein NY, Riggio M, Giulianelli S, Venara M, Bedecarrás P, Ballerini MG, di Clemente N, Lamb CA, Schteingart HF, Rey RA. Molecular mechanisms underlying AMH elevation in hyperoestrogenic states in males. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15062. [PMID: 32934281 PMCID: PMC7492256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by Sertoli cells of the testes from early fetal life until puberty, when it is downregulated by androgens. In conditions like complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), AMH downregulation does not occur and AMH increases at puberty, due in part to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) effect. However, other conditions like Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), characterised by low FSH, also have increased AMH. Because both CAIS and PJS may present as hyperoestrogenic states, we tested the hypothesis that oestradiol (E2) upregulates AMH expression in peripubertal Sertoli cells and explored the molecular mechanisms potentially involved. The results showed that E2 is capable of inducing an upregulation of endogenous AMH and of the AMH promoter activity in the prepubertal Sertoli cell line SMAT1, signalling through ERα binding to a specific ERE sequence present on the hAMH promoter. A modest action was also mediated through the membrane oestrogen receptor GPER. Additionally, the existence of ERα expression in Sertoli cells in patients with CAIS was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The evidence presented here provides biological plausibility to the hypothesis that testicular AMH production increases in clinical conditions in response to elevated oestrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Valeri
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Lovaisa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Y Edelsztein
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Riggio
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Giulianelli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos, IBIOMAR-CCT (CENPAT-CONICET), U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Marcela Venara
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Bedecarrás
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Ballerini
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena F Schteingart
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo A Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Edelsztein NY, Racine C, di Clemente N, Schteingart HF, Rey RA. Androgens downregulate anti-Müllerian hormone promoter activity in the Sertoli cell through the androgen receptor and intact steroidogenic factor 1 sites. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:1303-1312. [PMID: 29985989 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) production is inhibited by androgens around pubertal onset, as observed under normal physiological conditions and in patients with precocious puberty. In agreement, AMH downregulation is absent in patients with androgen insensitivity. The molecular mechanisms underlying the negative regulation of AMH by androgens remain unknown. Our aim was to elucidate the mechanisms through which androgens downregulate AMH expression in the testis. A direct negative effect of androgens on the transcriptional activity of the AMH promoter was found using luciferase reporter assays in the mouse prepubertal Sertoli cell line SMAT1. A strong inhibition of AMH promoter activity was seen in the presence of both testosterone and DHT and of the androgen receptor. By site-directed mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we showed that androgen-mediated inhibition involved the binding sites for steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) present in the proximal promoter of the AMH gene. In this study, we describe for the first time the mechanism behind AMH inhibition by androgens, as seen in physiological and pathological conditions in males. Inhibition of AMH promoter activity by androgens could be due to protein-protein interactions between the ligand-bound androgen receptor and SF1 or by blockage of SF1 binding to its sites on the AMH promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Y Edelsztein
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Sorbonne Universitté, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), IHU ICAN, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Sorbonne Universitté, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), IHU ICAN, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Helena F Schteingart
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo A Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Histología, Biología Celular, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pierre A, Taieb J, Giton F, Grynberg M, Touleimat S, El Hachem H, Fanchin R, Monniaux D, Cohen-Tannoudji J, di Clemente N, Racine C. Dysregulation of the Anti-Müllerian Hormone System by Steroids in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3970-3978. [PMID: 28938480 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and AMH type II receptor (AMHR2) are overexpressed in granulosa cells (GCs) from women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common cause of female infertility. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare the regulation of the AMH/AMHR2 system by 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) and estradiol (E2) in GCs from control subjects and women with PCOS. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS Experiments were performed on follicular fluids (FF) and GCs from women undergoing in vitro fertilization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES FF steroid levels were measured by mass spectrometry, and messenger RNA (mRNA) accumulation was quantified by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Total testosterone (T), free T, and 5α-DHT FF levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in women with PCOS than in controls. However, E2 and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations were comparable between the two groups. In GCs from control women, the AMH and AMHR2 expression were not affected by 5α-DHT treatment, whereas AMH mRNA levels were upregulated by 5α-DHT in GCs from patients with PCOS (2.3-fold, P < 0.01) overexpressing the androgen receptor (1.4-fold, P < 0.05). E2 downregulated the AMH and AMHR2 expression in GCs from control women (1.4-fold, P < 0.001 and 1.8-fold, P < 0.01, respectively) but had no effect on these genes in GCs from women with PCOS. This differential effect of E2 was associated with a higher estrogen receptor 1 expression in GCs from women with PCOS (1.9-fold, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In GCs from women with PCOS, the regulation of AMH and AMHR2 expression is altered in a way that promotes the overexpression of the AMH/AMHR2 system, and could contribute to the follicular arrest observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pierre
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Taieb
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Frank Giton
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre d'Investigations Biologiques GHU, INSERM IMRB U955, Centre de Recherche Chirurgicales, Hopital Henri Mondor, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Michaël Grynberg
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Salma Touleimat
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Hady El Hachem
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Renato Fanchin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
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Picard JY, Cate RL, Racine C, Josso N. The Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome: An Update Based Upon a Personal Experience of 157 Cases. Sex Dev 2017; 11:109-125. [DOI: 10.1159/000475516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Garrel G, Racine C, L'Hôte D, Denoyelle C, Guigon CJ, di Clemente N, Cohen-Tannoudji J. [Anti-Müllerian hormone: a new regulator of pituitary gonadotrope cells. Involvement in sexual dimorphism of gonadotrope activity before puberty]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 32:1076-1078. [PMID: 28044970 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163212010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Garrel
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative (BFA), Bâtiment A Buffon, 4, rue MA Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France - CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France - Inserm U1133, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative (BFA), Bâtiment A Buffon, 4, rue MA Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France - CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France - Inserm U1133, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
| | - David L'Hôte
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative (BFA), Bâtiment A Buffon, 4, rue MA Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France - CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France - Inserm U1133, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Denoyelle
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative (BFA), Bâtiment A Buffon, 4, rue MA Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France - CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France - Inserm U1133, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
| | - Céline J Guigon
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative (BFA), Bâtiment A Buffon, 4, rue MA Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France - CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France - Inserm U1133, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative (BFA), Bâtiment A Buffon, 4, rue MA Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France - CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France - Inserm U1133, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative (BFA), Bâtiment A Buffon, 4, rue MA Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France - CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France - Inserm U1133, Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope, Paris, France
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Pierre A, Racine C, Rey RA, Fanchin R, Taieb J, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Carmillo P, Pepinsky RB, Cate RL, di Clemente N. Most Cleaved Anti-Müllerian Hormone Binds Its Receptor in Human Follicular Fluid but Little Is Competent in Serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:4618-4627. [PMID: 27623067 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an important clinical marker for diagnosing and assessing the reproductive status and/or disorders in men and women. Most studies have not distinguished between levels of inactive AMH precursor and the cleaved noncovalent complex that binds the AMH type II receptor (AMHRII) and initiates signaling. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to measure the levels of AMH cleavage and bioactivity in human body fluids. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS AMH cleavage levels and bioactivity were measured in the serum of six boys and in the follicular fluid and serum of nine control women and 13 women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AMH cleavage levels were measured by capturing AMH with an anti-AMH antibody, followed by Western blotting. The bioactivity of cleaved AMH was assessed with an ELISA that measures the levels of AMH capable of binding AMHRII. RESULTS PCOS women have an elevated level of AMH cleavage in their follicular fluid (24% vs 8% in control women), and most of the cleaved AMH can bind AMHRII. Higher levels of cleavage are observed in female (60%) and male (79%) serum, but very little of the cleaved AMH can bind AMHRII. CONCLUSIONS These results support an autocrine role for AMH in the pathophysiology of PCOS in the follicle. In addition, they indicate that AMH undergoes interactions or structural changes after cleavage that prevent receptor binding, meaning, unexpectedly, that the level of cleaved AMH in biological fluids does not always reflect the level of bioactive AMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pierre
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133 (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France; Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (R.R.), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas-FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biogen (P.C., R.B.P.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; and Department of Chemistry (R.L.C.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133 (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France; Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (R.R.), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas-FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biogen (P.C., R.B.P.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; and Department of Chemistry (R.L.C.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Rodolfo A Rey
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133 (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France; Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (R.R.), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas-FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biogen (P.C., R.B.P.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; and Department of Chemistry (R.L.C.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Renato Fanchin
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133 (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France; Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (R.R.), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas-FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biogen (P.C., R.B.P.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; and Department of Chemistry (R.L.C.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Joëlle Taieb
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133 (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France; Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (R.R.), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas-FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biogen (P.C., R.B.P.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; and Department of Chemistry (R.L.C.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133 (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France; Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (R.R.), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas-FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biogen (P.C., R.B.P.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; and Department of Chemistry (R.L.C.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Paul Carmillo
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133 (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France; Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (R.R.), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas-FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biogen (P.C., R.B.P.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; and Department of Chemistry (R.L.C.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - R Blake Pepinsky
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133 (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France; Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (R.R.), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas-FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biogen (P.C., R.B.P.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; and Department of Chemistry (R.L.C.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Richard L Cate
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133 (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France; Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (R.R.), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas-FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biogen (P.C., R.B.P.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; and Department of Chemistry (R.L.C.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1133 (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (A.P., C.R., R.F., J.T., J.C.-T., R.L.C., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France; Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (R.R.), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas-FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biogen (P.C., R.B.P.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; and Department of Chemistry (R.L.C.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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Pierre A, Estienne A, Racine C, Picard JY, Fanchin R, Lahoz B, Alabart JL, Folch J, Jarrier P, Fabre S, Monniaux D, di Clemente N. The Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Up-Regulates the Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptor Expression in Granulosa Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2602-11. [PMID: 27070094 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by the granulosa cells (GCs) of growing follicles and inhibits follicular development. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the regulation of the AMH-specific type 2 receptor (AMHR2) gene expression in GCs by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)15, BMP4 and growth differentiation factor (GDF)9. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Their effects on AMHR2 and AMH mRNAs were studied in luteinized human GCs and in ovine GCs (oGCs) from small antral follicles. The effects of BMPs on human AMHR2 and AMH promoter reporter activities were analyzed in transfected oGCs. The in vivo effect of BMP15 on GCs AMHR2 and AMH expression was investigated by using Lacaune and Rasa Aragonesa hyperprolific ewes carrying loss-of-function mutations in BMP15. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES mRNAs were quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Promoter reporter constructs activities were quantified by the measurement of their luciferase activity. RESULTS BMP15 and BMP4 enhanced AMHR2 and AMH expression in human GCs and in oGCs, whereas GDF9 had no effect. In oGCs, GDF9 increased BMP15 effect on AMH expression. Consistent with these results, BMP15 and BMP4, but not GDF9, enhanced AMHR2 promoter activity in oGCs, whereas GDF9 increased BMP15 effect on AMH promoter activity. Moreover, oGCs from both BMP15 mutant ewes had reduced AMHR2 mRNA levels but unchanged AMH expression compared with wild-type ewes. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results suggest that the mechanisms of action of BMP15 on AMHR2 and AMH expression are different, and that by stimulating AMHR2 and AMH expression in GCs BMP15 enhances AMH inhibitory actions in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pierre
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Yves Picard
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Renato Fanchin
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Belén Lahoz
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - José Luis Alabart
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - José Folch
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Peggy Jarrier
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Racine C, Vincent M, Rogers A, Donat M, Ojike NI, Necola O, Yousef E, Masters-Israilov A, Jean-Louis G, McFarlane SI. METABOLIC EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA USE AMONG BLACKS. J Dis Glob Health 2015; 4:9-16. [PMID: 26247060 PMCID: PMC4523241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased legalization of marijuana has resulted in renewed interest in its effects on body weight and cardiometabolic risk. Conflicting data exist regarding marijuana effects on body weight, waist circumference as well as lipid profiles, blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, there is a dearth of data available on this effect in the black population. OBJECTIVE To assess the metabolic profile and cardiovascular risk factors as well as body weight and waist circumference among urban black marijuana users. METHODS A cross sectional study design involving 100 patients seen in a Family Practice clinic at University hospital of Brooklyn, NY, USA, over a period of 3 months from January 2014 to March 2014. Participants were administered a questionnaire regarding marijuana use, and other associated behaviors. Socio-demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were collected. We report measures of central tendencies, and dispersion for continuous variables and the frequency of distribution for categorical variables. RESULTS Of the 100 patients surveyed, 57% were females. The mean (±SEM) age of the entire cohort was 46.3 years±1.5; range, 19-78 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.6 kg/m2±0.73; SBP=128.0 mmHg±1.69; DBP=76.1 mmHg±1.17. Current marijuana users had the lowest waist circumference compared to former or never users respectively (32.9±0.66 vs. 35.9±0.88 vs. 33.4±0.74), p<0.01. Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg was significantly higher among former marijuana users compared to current or never users, (80.0±2.1 vs. 73.3±2.3 vs. 73.4±1.6), p<0.01. Current marijuana users showed a tendency (not statistically significant) towards lower total cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure, compared to former users or never users. CONCLUSION Current marijuana use is associated with significantly lower waist circumference, compared to former users and never users. Except for diastolic BP that was significantly lower among current users, other metabolic parameters showed tendency towards favorable profile. Further studies are needed to characterize the metabolic effects and to elucidate mechanisms of actions of marijuana in view of its rapid rate of utilization in the USA and around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Racine
- Department of Family Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Center for Healthful Behavior Change (CHBC), Division of Health and Behavior, New York, USA
| | - M. Vincent
- Department of Family Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Center for Healthful Behavior Change (CHBC), Division of Health and Behavior, New York, USA
| | - A. Rogers
- Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - M. Donat
- Department of Family Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Center for Healthful Behavior Change (CHBC), Division of Health and Behavior, New York, USA
| | - N. I. Ojike
- Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - O. Necola
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - E. Yousef
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - A. Masters-Israilov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - G. Jean-Louis
- Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - S. I. McFarlane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
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Abstract
During mammalian development, androgens produced by the fetal testis are the most important hormones controlling the masculinization of the reproductive tract and the genitalia. New findings show that the male germ line is the most sensitive to anti-androgenic endocrine disruptors during the embryonic period. In a recent study, we reported that endogenous androgens physiologically control germ cell growth in the male mouse fetus during early fetal life. In the present study, we extended this result by showing the presence of a functional androgen receptor in the gonocytes in the latter part of the fetal life. We also studied the effect of androgens on the development of the somatic testicular cells using the Tfm mice which carry a naturally inactivating mutation of the androgen receptor. Fetal Leydig cells are largely independent of endogenous androgens during fetal development whereas fetal Sertoli cell number is decreased following a default of peritubular myoid cells differenciation. They also point to the gonocyte as a special target for androgens during the embryonic period and indicate a novel mechanism of androgen action on gonocytes. Elucidation of this new pathway in the fetal testis will clarify not only fetal testis physiology but also the effects of environmental anti-androgens that act during fetal life and open new perspectives for future investigations into the sensitivity of fetal germ cell to androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Merlet
- Laboratory of Differentiation and Radiobiology of the Gonads, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, CEA, DSV/iRCM/SCSR/LDRG and INSERM, Fontenay aux Roses, France
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Borday C, Merlet J, Racine C, Habert R. Expression and localization of aromatase during fetal mouse testis development. Basic Clin Androl 2013; 23:12. [PMID: 25780574 PMCID: PMC4349472 DOI: 10.1186/2051-4190-23-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both androgens and estrogens are necessary to ensure proper testis development and function. Studies on endocrine disruptors have highlighted the importance of maintaining the balance between androgens and estrogens during fetal development, when testis is highly sensitive to environmental disturbances. This balance is regulated mainly through an enzymatic cascade that converts irreversibly androgens into estrogens. The most important and regulated component of this cascade is its terminal enzyme: the cytochrome p450 19A1 (aromatase hereafter). This study was conducted to improve our knowledge about its expression during mouse testis development. FINDINGS By RT-PCR and western blotting, we show that full-length aromatase is expressed as early as 12.5 day post-coitum (dpc) with maximal expression at 17.5 dpc. Two additional truncated transcripts were also detected by RT-PCR. Immunostaining of fetal testis sections and of gonocyte-enriched cell cultures revealed that aromatase is strongly expressed in fetal Leydig cells and at variable levels in gonocytes. Conversely, it was not detected in Sertoli cells. CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time that i) aromatase is expressed from the early stages of fetal testis development, ii) it is expressed in mouse gonocytes suggesting that fetal germ cells exert an endocrine function in this species and that the ratio between estrogens and androgens may be higher inside gonocytes than in the interstitial fluid. Furthermore, we emphasized a species-specific cell localization. Indeed, previous works found that in the rat aromatase is expressed both in Sertoli and Leydig cells. We propose to take into account this species difference as a new concept to better understand the changes in susceptibility to Endocrine Disruptors from one species to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Borday
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ; CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ; Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, LDG / SCSR / iRCM / DSV, INSERM, Centre CEA, BP6, Unité 967, F-92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Jorge Merlet
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ; CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ; Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, LDG / SCSR / iRCM / DSV, INSERM, Centre CEA, BP6, Unité 967, F-92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ; CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ; Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, LDG / SCSR / iRCM / DSV, INSERM, Centre CEA, BP6, Unité 967, F-92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - René Habert
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ; CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ; Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, LDG / SCSR / iRCM / DSV, INSERM, Centre CEA, BP6, Unité 967, F-92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
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Migrenne S, Moreau E, Pakarinen P, Dierich A, Merlet J, Habert R, Racine C. Mouse testis development and function are differently regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone receptors signaling during fetal and prepubertal life. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53257. [PMID: 23300903 PMCID: PMC3531970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently admitted that Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is physiologically involved in the development and function of fetal/neonatal Sertoli cells in the rat but not the mouse. However, FSH is produced by both species from late fetal life onwards. We thus reinvestigated the role of FSH in mouse testis development at day 0 (birth) 6, 8 and 10 post-partum (dpp) by using mice that lack functional FSH receptors (FSH-R−/−). At birth, the number and proliferative index of Sertoli cells were significantly lower in FSH-R−/− mice than in wild type neonates. Claudin 11 mRNA expression also was significantly reduced in FSH-R−/− testes at 0 and 8 dpp, whereas the mRNA levels of other Sertoli cell markers (Transferrin and Desert hedgehog) were comparable in FSH-R−/− and wild type testes. Conversely, AMH mRNA and protein levels were higher at birth, comparable at 6 dpp and then significantly lower in FSH-R−/− testes at 8–10 dpp in FSH-R−/− mice than in controls. Although the plasma concentration of LH and the number of Leydig cells were similar in FSH-R−/− and control (wild type), testosterone concentration and P450c17 mRNA expression were significantly increased in FSH-R−/− testes at birth. Conversely, at 10 dpp when adult Leydig cells appear, expression of the steroidogenic genes P450scc, P450c17 and StAR was lower in FSH-R−/− testes than in controls. In conclusion, our results show that 1) like in the rat, signaling via FSH-R controls Sertoli cell development and function during late fetal life in the mouse as well; 2) paracrine factors produced by Sertoli cells are involved in the FSH-R-dependent regulation of the functions of fetal Leydig cells in late fetal life; and 3) the role of FSH-R signaling changes during the prepubertal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Migrenne
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Evelyne Moreau
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pirjo Pakarinen
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrée Dierich
- CNRS 7104, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
- INSERM, U964, Illkirch , France
| | - Jorge Merlet
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - René Habert
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, Unité 967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Racine C, Raffoul W, Martinez A, Broome M. [Complex fronto-orbital reconstruction with a PEEK prosthesis and skin expansion: about a case]. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 2012. [PMID: 23182692 DOI: 10.1016/j.stomax.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reconstructions of the fronto-orbital area remain a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon, due to the functional and esthetic impact. OBSERVATION The authors present a case of a complex fronto-orbital reconstruction with a PEEK (PolyEtherEtherKetone) implant, associated with a skin expansion. DISCUSSION With a follow-up of over three years, the cosmetic result is excellent. The authors believe that this technique is reliable, fast with long-term good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Racine
- Service de chirurgie plastique, centre hospitalier universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Suisse
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Bettcher B, Watson C, Green R, Miller J, Racine C, Wilheim R, Miller B, Kramer J. Inflammation Is Related to Corpus Callosum Integrity and Executive Functions in Healthy Older Adults (P02.056). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bettcher B, Watson C, Green R, Miller J, Racine C, Wilheim R, Miller B, Kramer J. Inflammation Is Related to Corpus Callosum Integrity and Executive Functions in Healthy Older Adults (IN4-1.006). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in4-1.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Tartaglia MC, Zhang Y, Racine C, Laluz V, Neuhaus J, Chao L, Kramer J, Rosen H, Miller B, Weiner M. Executive dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia is related to abnormalities in frontal white matter tracts. J Neurol 2011; 259:1071-80. [PMID: 22037958 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and AD are linked to frontal and temporal lobe gray matter (GM) pathology. The aim of this study was to assess the relative contribution of white (WM) and GM abnormalities to cognitive dysfunction in bvFTD and AD. Fractional anisotropy (FA) for the corpus callosum, cingulum (Cg), and uncinate fasciculus (Unc) was determined in 17 bvFTD and 10 AD patients who underwent neuropsychological testing. Regressions were performed to assess the relative contribution of WM and GM abnormalities to cognitive deficits. Multiple regression analysis revealed that in bvFTD, the left anterior Cg FA was related to executive function, the right anterior Cg FA to visual-spatial attention and working memory, the right posterior Cg to visual-constructional abilities and the left Unc FA to Modified Trails Errors. After adding corresponding GM volumes, the left anterior Cg FA, the right anterior cingulate FA, the right posterior cingulate FA and the left uncinate FA remained significant predictors of the cognitive tasks. In the AD group, the left posterior Cg FA and right descending Cg FA were related to visual recall performance but did not remain significant predictors when GM volumes were added to the regression. These results suggest that reduced integrity of specific WM tracts contribute to cognitive deficits observed in bvFTD after accounting for GM atrophy. In AD, memory impairment was related to WM tract injury but this relationship was no longer observed when GM volumes were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Tartaglia
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Racine C, Pask AJ, Wijayanti GE, di Clemente N, Picard JY, Shaw G, Renfree MB, Josso N. Early expression of the androgen receptor in the Sertoli cells of a marsupial coincides with downregulation of anti-Müllerian hormone at the time of urogenital virilization. Sex Dev 2009; 3:317-25. [PMID: 20051675 DOI: 10.1159/000273263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), responsible for the regression of Müllerian ducts, is strongly expressed by eutherian fetal and postnatal Sertoli cells. Both AMH and testosterone levels are high during the period of fetal reproductive tract virilization which occurs largely in utero in eutherian mammals. Taking advantage of the fact that differentiation of the urogenital tract occurs after birth in marsupials, we studied the ontogeny and regulation of AMH in the tammar wallaby testis and related it to the expression of the androgen receptor in Sertoli cells. Testicular AMH expression was high between days 10-30 post partum, then fell to basal levels by day 60 and remained low until day 90, the oldest age examined. AMH expression was repressed by treatment of male pouch young with the potent androgen androstanediol. Thus, in the tammar, AMH expression decreases in response to androgen at the time of initial urogenital masculinization, in contrast to the situation in humans in which AMH is repressed by testosterone only at the time of puberty. The difference might be explained by the timing of androgen receptor expression which appears in tammar Sertoli cells at around day 40 of pouch life but only at a later developmental stage in eutherians.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Racine
- University Paris VII, INSERM 967, and CEA/IRCM/LGAG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Beldi M, Espinoza D, Racine C, Raffoul W. Reconstruction of alar nose defect with perforator dorso-nasal flap. Burns 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lehraiki A, Racine C, Krust A, Habert R, Levacher C. Phthalates impair germ cell number in the mouse fetal testis by an androgen- and estrogen-independent mechanism. Toxicol Sci 2009; 111:372-82. [PMID: 19592451 PMCID: PMC2742583 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from experiments conducted almost exclusively in the rat have established that some phthalates have deleterious effects on the fetal testis probably due to their antiandrogenic and/or estrogenic effects, but their mechanisms of action remain unknown. A recent study reported that phthalates also have deleterious effects on human fetal testis with germ cell number, but not steroidogenesis altered. Therefore, we used organ culture of fetal testes at different stages of development to analyze the direct effects of phthalates on both steroidogenesis and gonocyte development and to determine if the effects of MEHP on these functions reported in the rat can be extended to other mammalian species. We defined specific periods of sensitivity of the fetal mouse testis to MEHP for these two functions and showed that the effects of phthalates on steroidogenesis vary with the developmental stage. Conversely, the strong deleterious effects of phthalates on germ cells were constantly present during the active phases of gonocyte development and thus share no relationship with the steroidogenic status. Moreover, all the effects of phthalates were unchanged in testes from mice deficient for estrogen (ERαKO or ERβKO) or androgen (Tfm) receptors. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that phthalates impair mouse fetal germ cell number similarly to other mammalian species, but are neither estrogenic nor antiandrogenic molecules because their effects do not involve, directly or indirectly, ER or AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelali Lehraiki
- Laboratory of Gonad Differentiation and Radiobiology, Stem Cells and Radiation Service, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Biology, Life Sciences Division, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Merlet J, Racine C, Moreau E, Moreno SG, Habert R. Male fetal germ cells are targets for androgens that physiologically inhibit their proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:3615-20. [PMID: 17360691 PMCID: PMC1805536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611421104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In adulthood, the action of androgens on seminiferous tubules is essential for full quantitatively normal spermatogenesis and fertility. In contrast, their role in the fetal testis, and particularly in fetal germ cell development, remains largely unknown. Using testicular feminized (Tfm) mice, we investigated the effects of a lack of functional androgen receptor (AR) on fetal germ cells, also named gonocytes. We demonstrated that endogenous androgens/AR physiologically control normal gonocyte proliferation. We observed an increase in the number of gonocytes at 17.5 days postconception resulting from an increase in proliferative activity in Tfm mice. In a reciprocal manner, gonocyte proliferation is decreased by the addition of DHT in fetal testis organotypic culture. Furthermore, the AR coregulator Hsp90alpha (mRNA and protein) specifically expressed in gonocytes was down-regulated in Tfm mice at 15.5 days postconception. To investigate whether these effects could result from direct action of androgens on gonocytes, we collected pure gonocyte preparations and detected AR transcripts therein. We used an original model harboring a reporter gene that specifically reflects AR activity by androgens and clearly demonstrated the presence of a functional AR protein in fetal germ cells. These data provide in vivo and in vitro evidence of a new control of endogenous androgens on gonocytes identified as direct target cells for androgens. Finally, our results focus on a new pathway in the fetal testis during the embryonic period, which is the most sensitive to antiandrogenic endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Merlet
- Laboratory of Differentiation and Radiobiology of the Gonads, Unit of Gametogenesis and Genotoxicity, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 566, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7 and Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 566, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Laboratory of Differentiation and Radiobiology of the Gonads, Unit of Gametogenesis and Genotoxicity, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 566, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7 and Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 566, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Evelyne Moreau
- Laboratory of Differentiation and Radiobiology of the Gonads, Unit of Gametogenesis and Genotoxicity, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 566, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7 and Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 566, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphanie G. Moreno
- Laboratory of Differentiation and Radiobiology of the Gonads, Unit of Gametogenesis and Genotoxicity, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 566, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7 and Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 566, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - René Habert
- Laboratory of Differentiation and Radiobiology of the Gonads, Unit of Gametogenesis and Genotoxicity, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 566, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7 and Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 566, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Coureuil M, Fouchet P, Prat M, Letallec B, Barroca V, Dos Santos C, Racine C, Allemand I. Caspase-independent death of meiotic and postmeiotic cells overexpressing p53: calpain involvement. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:1927-37. [PMID: 16528385 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In a model of male sterility (MTp53) owing to enforced p53 expression in spermatocytes II and spermatids of transgenic mice, we focused on the role of caspases. Most of them are expressed in all differentiation stages, but only the transcriptional levels of caspase-2 and caspase-3 are modified in MTp53 germ cells. In normal testis, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 are detected during the elongation of spermatids. Despite this constitutive presence of caspases during terminal differentiation, calpains are the main effectors of germ cell loss in MTp53 testes: calpain 1 RNA levels are increased, caspase-3-like activity is markedly decreased while calpain activity is higher and the calpain inhibitor E64d ((2S, 3S)-trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-3-methylbutane ethyl ester) reduces TUNEL labeling in MTp53 testis, whereas pancaspase inhibitor zVADfmk (N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone) has no effect. Our work suggests that despite the presence, and potent involvement, of caspases in male haploid cell maturation, calpains are the executioners of the death of terminally differentiating germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coureuil
- Département de Radiobiologie et Radiopathologie (DRR), CEA/Institut Nationale de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 566/Université Paris VII, 60 avenue du général Leclerc, BP6, Fontenay aux Roses Cedex 92265, France
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Delbès G, Levacher C, Duquenne C, Racine C, Pakarinen P, Habert R. Endogenous estrogens inhibit mouse fetal Leydig cell development via estrogen receptor alpha. Endocrinology 2005; 146:2454-61. [PMID: 15661855 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is now accepted that estrogens play a role in male fertility and that exposure to exogenous estrogens during fetal/neonatal life can lead to reproductive disorders in the male. However, the estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated processes involved in the regulation of male reproduction during fetal and neonatal development are still largely unclear. We previously reported that ER beta deficiency affects gametogenesis in mice but changes neither the number nor the differentiated functions of fetal Leydig cells. We show here that ER alpha-deficient mice (ER alpha-/-) display higher levels of testicular testosterone secretion than wild-type mice from fetal d 13.5 onwards. This results from higher levels of steroidogenic activity per fetal Leydig cell, as indicated by the hypertrophy of these cells and the higher levels of mRNA for StAR, P450c17 and P450scc in the testis, for a similar number of Leydig cells. Because LH is not produced on fetal d 13.5 and because no change in plasma LH concentration was observed in 2-d-old ER alpha-deficient mice, LH is probably not involved in the effects of estrogens on testicular steroidogenesis in fetal and early neonatal Leydig cells. Furthermore, inactivation of ER beta did not change the effect of ER alpha inactivation on steroidogenesis. Lastly, in an organ culture system, 1 mum diethylstilbestrol decreased the testosterone secretion of wild-type fetal and neonatal testes but not of ER alpha-/- testes. Thus, this study shows that endogenous estrogens physiologically inhibit steroidogenesis via ER alpha by acting directly on the testis early in fetal and neonatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Delbès
- Unité de Gamétogenèse et Génotoxicité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 566, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Paris 7, Denis Diderot, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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30
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Delbès G, Levacher C, Pairault C, Racine C, Duquenne C, Krust A, Habert R. Estrogen receptor beta-mediated inhibition of male germ cell line development in mice by endogenous estrogens during perinatal life. Endocrinology 2004; 145:3395-403. [PMID: 15044378 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies have suggested that excessive exposure to estrogens during fetal/neonatal life can lead to reproductive disorders and sperm abnormalities in adulthood. However, it is unknown whether endogenous concentrations of estrogens affect the establishment of the male fetal germ cell lineage. We addressed this question by studying the testicular development of mice in which the estrogen receptor (ER) beta or the ERalpha gene was inactivated. The homozygous inactivation of ERbeta (ERbeta-/-) increased the number of gonocytes by 50% in 2- and 6-d-old neonates. The numbers of Sertoli and Leydig cells and the level of testicular testosterone production were unaffected, suggesting that estrogens act directly on the gonocytes. The increase in the number of gonocytes did not occur during fetal life but instead occurred just after birth, when gonocytes resumed mitosis and apoptosis. It seems to result from a decrease in the apoptosis rate evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling method and cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemical detection. Last, mice heterozygous for the ERbeta gene inactivation behaved similarly to their ERbeta-/- littermates in terms of the number of gonocytes, apoptosis, and mitosis, suggesting that these cells are highly sensitive to the binding of estrogens to ERbeta. ERalpha inactivation had no effect on the number of neonatal gonocytes and Sertoli cells. In conclusion, this study provides the first demonstration that endogenous estrogens can physiologically inhibit germ cell growth in the male. This finding may have important implications concerning the potential action of environmental estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Delbès
- Unité de Gamétogenèse et Génotoxicité, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Unite 566, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Universite Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Abstract
Although the role of pituitary hormones in fetal Sertoli cell proliferation is well understood, their involvement in fetal Sertoli cell differentiation is poorly documented. In this study, we evaluated rat fetal Sertoli cell function by measuring basal transferrin secretion ex vivo and transferrin and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) mRNA levels in vivo. The differentiation state of the Sertoli cells was estimated from the amount of transferrin secreted ex vivo after acute stimulation with FSH. Surprisingly, we found that the amount of transferrin secreted by each Sertoli cell in basal condition and after acute FSH stimulation decreased between 18.5 and 21.5 day post coitum (dpc), which corresponds to the onset of pituitary hormone secretion. All of the Sertoli cell parameters measured (basal and FSH-stimulated transferrin secretion ex vivo, transferrin and AMH mRNA levels in vivo) were higher in 21.5-dpc fetuses that had been decapitated on 16.5 dpc than in control littermates. Furthermore, immunostaining for AMH was strongly increased after decapitation. Taken together, these results suggest that pituitary hormones in the fetus and in the immature or adult rat differently regulate Sertoli cells, which suggests that fetal Sertoli cells have their own particular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Migrenne
- Functional Differentiation of Gonads Laboratory, Gametogenesis and Genotoxicity Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U566-Commissariat á l'Energie Atomique-Université Paris 7, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
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Migrenne S, Racine C, Dierich A, Habert R. Role of follicle-stimulating hormone in the control of foetal Sertoli cell transferrin expression. Andrologia 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0272.2003.00531_11.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rouiller-Fabre V, Levacher C, Pairault C, Racine C, Moreau E, Olaso R, Livera G, Migrenne S, Delbes G, Habert R. Development of the foetal and neonatal testis. Andrologia 2003; 35:79-83. [PMID: 12558532 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0272.2003.00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The foetal testis originates from a proliferation of the mesonephric and the coelomic epithelia which are colonized by the primordial germ cells. In the foetal testis, the development and functions of the three main cell type precursors (Leydig, Sertoli and germ cells) do not depend upon gonadotropins. Numerous intra- and extra-testicular factors are candidates for the control of its development and functions. To study the potential involvement of these factors, we developed an organotypic culture system. In absence of any growth factors or hormone, this system allows a development of the three main cell types which mimics that observed in vivo. The effects of different regulators (gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, transforming growth factor-beta, insulin-like growth factor-I, anti-Mullerian hormone, retinoic acid, oestrogens) were tested in this system. Whether or not some of the effects observed in vitro have a physiological relevance was evaluated using appropriate transgenic mice. It is concluded that the foetal testis cannot be considered as an adult mini-testis since it has a specific physiology which largely differs from that of the immature or adult testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rouiller-Fabre
- Fonctionnal Differentiation of Gonads Laboratory, Gametogenesis and Genotoxicity Unit, INSERM U 566 - CEA, Université Paris, Paris, France
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von Rohr A, Schmitz SFH, Tichelli A, Hess U, Piguet D, Wernli M, Frickhofen N, Konwalinka G, Zulian G, Ghielmini M, Rufener B, Racine C, Fey MF, Cerny T, Betticher D, Tobler A. Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine) by subcutaneous bolus injection: a phase II study. Ann Oncol 2002; 13:1641-9. [PMID: 12377655 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdf272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the activity and toxicity of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (cladribine, CDA) given by subcutaneous bolus injections to patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-two eligible patients with classic or prolymphocytic HCL (33 non-pretreated patients, 15 patients with relapse after previous treatment, and 14 patients with progressive disease during a treatment other than CDA) were treated with CDA 0.14 mg/kg/day by subcutaneous bolus injections for five consecutive days. Response status was repeatedly assessed according to the Consensus Resolution criteria. RESULTS Complete and partial remissions were seen in 47 (76%) and 13 (21%) patients, respectively, for a response rate of 97%. All responses were achieved with a single treatment course. Most responses occurred early (i.e. within 10 weeks) after start of CDA therapy, but response quality improved during weeks and even months after treatment completion. The median time to treatment failure for all patients was 38 months. Leukopenia was the main toxicity. Granulocyte nadir (median 0.2 x 10(9)/l) was strongly associated with the incidence of infections (P = 0.0013). Non-specific lymphopenia occurred early after CDA treatment, and normal lymphocytes recovered slowly over several months. No significant associations were found between infections and nadir count of lymphocytes or any lymphocyte subpopulation. No opportunistic infections were observed. CONCLUSIONS One course of CDA given by subcutaneous bolus injections is very effective in HCL. The subcutaneous administration is more convenient for patients and care providers, and has a similar toxicity profile to continuous intravenous infusion. The subcutaneous administration of CDA is a substantial improvement and should be offered to every patient with HCL requiring treatment with CDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A von Rohr
- Institute of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern.
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Abstract
The warming of the Alaskan Arctic during the past 150 years has accelerated over the last three decades and is expected to increase vegetation productivity in tundra if shrubs become more abundant; indeed, this transition may already be under way according to local plot studies and remote sensing. Here we present evidence for a widespread increase in shrub abundance over more than 320 km of Arctic landscape during the past 50 years, based on a comparison of historic and modern aerial photographs. This expansion will alter the partitioning of energy in summer and the trapping and distribution of snow in winter, as well as increasing the amount of carbon stored in a region that is believed to be a net source of carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sturm
- US Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory-Alaska, PO Box 35170, Fort Wainwright, Alaska 99703, USA.
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36
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Migrenne S, Pairault C, Racine C, Livera G, Géloso A, Habert R. Luteinizing hormone-dependent activity and luteinizing hormone-independent differentiation of rat fetal Leydig cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001; 172:193-202. [PMID: 11165053 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(00)00339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of 5x10(-2) U/ml recombinant luteinizing hormone (LH) to testes from fetuses at 16.5 day post conception (dpc) cultured for 5 days increased the number of Leydig cells by 34% and the acute LH-stimulated testosterone production by 600%. To determine whether these positive effects of LH in vitro are physiologically relevant in vivo, fetuses were decapitated on days 16.5 pc (before the onset of LH expression in the hypophysis) or 18.5 pc (before the surge of LH in the fetal plasma) and removed at 21.5 dpc. The number of fetal Leydig cells per testis and the acute LH-stimulated testosterone production by the testes ex vivo were unaltered by decapitation. Since, in all groups, the number of Leydig cells doubled between 16.5 and 18.5 dpc and between 18.5 and 21.5 dpc, these results suggest that neither the appearance of new fully differentiated fetal Leydig cells nor the maintenance of differentiated functions in existing fetal Leydig cells depend on LH during late fetal life, although this hormone is present in the plasma. Decapitation reduced the testosterone concentrations in the plasma (-56%) and in the testis in vivo (-67%) and the basal testosterone secretion of the testis ex vivo (-70%). This suggests that LH is required to maintain the physiological activity of the Leydig cell during late fetal life. However, the decrease of the in vivo testosterone production after decapitation was not sufficient to impair the growth of the Wolffian ducts and the lengthening of the anogenital distance. In conclusion, during late fetal life in the rat, Leydig cells are LH-independent for their functional differentiation and LH-dependent for their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Migrenne
- INSERM-INRA U 418, Tour 331443, Case 7126, Université Paris 7, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Cedex 05, Paris, France
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Gouédard L, Chen YG, Thevenet L, Racine C, Borie S, Lamarre I, Josso N, Massague J, di Clemente N. Engagement of bone morphogenetic protein type IB receptor and Smad1 signaling by anti-Müllerian hormone and its type II receptor. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:27973-8. [PMID: 10854429 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002704200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone induces the regression of fetal Müllerian ducts and inhibits the transcription of gonadal steroidogenic enzymes. It belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta family whose members signal through a pair of serine/threonine kinase receptors and Smad effectors. Only the anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor has been identified. Our goal was to determine whether anti-Müllerian hormone could share a type I receptor with another family member. Co-immunoprecipitation of known type I receptors with anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor clearly showed that the bone morphogenetic protein type IB receptor was the only cloned type I receptor interacting in a ligand-dependent manner with this type II receptor. Anti-Müllerian hormone also activates the bone morphogenetic protein-specific Smad1 pathway and the XVent2 reporter gene, an anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor-dependent effect abrogated by a dominant negative version of bone morphogenetic protein type IB receptor. Reverse amplification experiments showed that bone morphogenetic protein type IB receptor is co-expressed with anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor in most anti-Müllerian hormone target tissues. Our data support a model in which a ligand, anti-Müllerian hormone, gains access to a shared type I receptor and Smad1 system through a highly restricted type II receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Mullerian Hormone
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Genes, Reporter
- Glycoproteins
- Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/drug effects
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Growth Factor/drug effects
- Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Growth Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Peptide/drug effects
- Receptors, Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Peptide/physiology
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Smad Proteins
- Smad1 Protein
- Testicular Hormones/pharmacology
- Trans-Activators
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gouédard
- Unité de Recherches sur l'Endocrinologie du Développement (INSERM), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Biologie, 1 Rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
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38
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Abstract
Female transgenic mice that ectopically express high levels of human Müllerian-inhibiting substance (hMIS) under the control of the mouse metallothionein (MT) promoter lack a uterus, oviducts, and ovaries. The loss of the uterus and oviducts is consistent with the known activities for MIS. However, it is not clear if the loss of the ovaries in these transgenic females is caused by interactions of MIS with its normal receptor signaling pathway or by abnormal interactions with other transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) super family receptor signaling pathways. To address this question, female mice carrying the MT-hMIS transgene that were also homozygous for a targeted deletion of the MIS type II receptor gene were generated. Although these females had high levels of circulating hMIS, they had normal reproductive tracts and ovaries with germ cells. In addition, these females were able to become pregnant and gave birth to pups. These findings demonstrate that all of the abnormalities of the reproductive system that are found in female transgenic mice that ectopically express high levels of hMIS are caused by signaling through the MIS type II receptor. These in vivo data demonstrate a high specificity for MIS and its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mishina
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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39
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Abstract
The current study was done to look at a possible role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). The specific aims were to determine whether there was a difference in the expression of HSP72 in alveolar macrophages (AMs) between mice challenged with HP antigen and saline-treated control mice and between AMs obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from 18 patients with HP and 11 normal subjects. The expression of HSP72 was studied under basal conditions and under a mild heat shock. HSP72 expression by AMs in response to in vitro stimulation with Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula was lower in AMs of control mice than in those of HP animals. HSP72 was constitutively expressed in AMs of both normal and HP subjects. Densitometric ratios showed that AMs from normal subjects responded to heat shock with a 39 degrees C-to-37 degrees C ratio of 1.72 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- SE), and AMs from HP patients responded with a ratio of 1.16 +/- 0.16 (P = 0.0377). This decreased induction by additional stress of AMs could lead to an altered immunoregulatory activity and account for the inflammation seen in HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Racine
- Unité de Recherche, Centre de Pneumologie, Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie, Hôpital and Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G5
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40
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Racine C, Bélanger M, Hirabayashi H, Boucher M, Chakir J, Couet J. Reduction of caveolin 1 gene expression in lung carcinoma cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 255:580-6. [PMID: 10049753 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are plasma membrane microdomains that have been implicated in organizing and concentrating certain signaling molecules. Caveolins, constitute the main structural proteins of caveolae. Caveolae are abundant in terminally differentiated cell types. However, caveolin-1 is down-regulated in transformed cells and may have a potential tumor suppressor activity. In the lung, caveolae are present in the endothelium, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts as well as in type I pneumocytes. The presence of caveolae and caveolin expression in the bronchial epithelium, although probable, has not been investigated in human. We were interested to see if the bronchial epithelia express caveolins and if this expression was modified in cancer cells. We thus tested for caveolin-1 and -2 expression several bronchial epithelial primary cell lines as well as eight lung cancer cell lines and one larynx tumor cell line. Both caveolin-1 and -2 are expressed in all normal bronchial cell lines. With the exception of Calu-1 cell line, all cancer cell lines showed very low or no expression of caveolin-1 while caveolin-2 expression was similar to the one observed in normal bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Racine
- Unité de Recherche en Pneumologie, Laval Hospital Research Center, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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Abstract
False recognition occurs when people mistakenly claim that a novel item is familiar. After studying lists of semantically related words, healthy controls show extraordinarily high levels of false recognition to nonstudied lures that are semantic associates of study list words. In previous experiments, we found that both Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff amnesic patients show reduced levels of false recognition to semantic associates, implying that the medial temporal/diencephalic structures that are damaged in amnesic patients are involved in the encoding and/or retrieval of information that underlies false recognition. These data contrast with earlier results indicating greater false recognition in Korsakoff amnesics than in control subjects. The present experiment tests the hypothesis that greater or lesser false recognition of semantic associates in amnesic patients, relative to normal controls, can be demonstrated by creating conditions that are more or less conducive to allowing true recognition to suppress false recognition. With repeated presentation and testing of lists of semantic associates, control subjects and both Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff amnesics showed increasing levels of true recognition across trials. However, control subjects exhibited decreasing levels of false recognition across trials, whereas Korsakoff amnesic patients showed increases across trials and non-Korsakoff amnesics showed a fluctuating pattern. Consideration of signal detection analyses and differences between the two types of amnesic patients provides insight into how mechanisms of veridical episodic memory can be used to suppress false recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Schacter
- Harvard University, Department of Psychology, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge MA, 02138, USA.
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42
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Abstract
Anti-Müllerian (AMH), a member of the transforming growth factor beta produced by immature Sertoli cells and, to a lesser degree, by granulosa cells from birth to the end of reproductive life, does not affect gonadal determination but has a negative effect upon gonadal development in both sexes. It blocks meiosis in fetal ovaries, leading to loss of germ cells and subsequent fibrous degeneration, and inhibits the transcription of aromatase and LH receptor. AMH also affects the development and function of the adult testis by blocking the differentiation of mesenchymal into Leydig cells and by independently decreasing the expression of steroidogenic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Josso
- Unité de Recherches sur l'Endocrinologie du Développement (INSERM), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Biologie, Montrouge, France.
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Racine C, Rey R, Forest MG, Louis F, Ferré A, Huhtaniemi I, Josso N, di Clemente N. Receptors for anti-müllerian hormone on Leydig cells are responsible for its effects on steroidogenesis and cell differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:594-9. [PMID: 9435237 PMCID: PMC18465 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.2.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong overexpression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in transgenic mice leads to incomplete fetal virilization and decreased serum testosterone in the adult. Conversely, AMH-deficient mice exhibit Leydig cell hyperplasia. To probe the mechanism of action of AMH on Leydig cell steroidogenesis, we have studied the expression of mRNA for steroidogenic proteins in vivo and in vitro and performed a morphometric analysis of testicular tissue in mice overexpressing the hormone. We show that overexpression of AMH in male transgenic mice blocks the differentiation of Leydig cell precursors. Expression of steroidogenic protein mRNAs, mainly cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase (P450c17), is decreased in transgenic mice overexpressing AMH and in AMH-treated purified Leydig cells. In contrast, transgenic mice in whom the AMH locus has been disrupted show increase expression of P450c17. In vitro, but not in vivo, AMH also decreases the expression of the luteinizing hormone receptor. The effect of AMH is explained by the presence of its receptor on Leydig cells. Our results provide insight into the action of AMH as a negative modulator of Leydig cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Racine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Biologie, Montrouge, France
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Androux R, Duvoisin B, Racine C. [Routine thoracic radiography at admission to a psychogeriatric hospital: why continue to perform such a procedure when it has but little effect on treatment?]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 1995; 115:817-22. [PMID: 7501936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Androux
- Service de radiodiagnostic, CHUV, Lausanne
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Floersheim GL, Racine C. Calcium antagonist radioprotectors do not reduce radiotherapeutic efficacy in three human tumor xenografts. Strahlenther Onkol 1995; 171:403-7. [PMID: 7631262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Calcium antagonists, which protect normal tissue as exemplified by bone marrow cells from radiation injury, were evaluated for radioprotection of tumor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS One Ewing's sarcoma and 2 colon carcinomas were grown as xenografts in immunosuppressed mice. The mice were treated with diltiazem, nifedipine, nimodipine and nitrendipine. The effect of whole body gamma-radiation on the growth of the subcutaneously implanted tumors was assessed. RESULTS Growth delay or regression of the tumors in mice treated with the calcium antagonists prior to irradiation was not reduced as compared to only irradiated controls. CONCLUSION The tested calcium antagonists, which are well tolerated and protect mice from death after lethal radiation, did not prevent the radiotherapeutic effect on 3 human tumors. This points to the possibility of differential radioprotection and thus to improve the therapeutic ratio in cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Floersheim
- Department of Research, University Hospitals, Basel, Switzerland
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Floersheim GL, Christ A, Koenig R, Racine C, Gudat F. Radiation-induced lymphoid tumors and radiation lethality are inhibited by combined treatment with small doses of zinc aspartate and WR 2721. Int J Cancer 1992; 52:604-8. [PMID: 1328072 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910520419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Combined small doses of zinc aspartate and WR 2721 provided additive protection against radiation lethality in mice. Survival obtained with a small dose of WR 2721 which was ineffective alone could be enhanced to 83% by combining the drug with zinc aspartate, which on its own also displayed no effect. The survival of 25% provided by a higher dose of WR 2721 was increased significantly by adding zinc aspartate. Additivity was also tested in a model of radiation carcinogenesis. For this purpose, lethality and occurrence of lymphoid tumors induced by fractionated total-body irradiation were studied in C57B1/6 mice treated with zinc aspartate and WR 2721. In order to reveal additive effects, both agents were used at sub-optimal dosages. In mice subjected to 5 daily exposures of 1.9 Gy, the combination of zinc aspartate and WR 2721 was effective and enhanced the survival to 83% as compared with 25% afforded by WR 2721 alone (p < 0.005). Similarly, histological assessment of organ involvement with lymphoma revealed that zinc aspartate and WR 2721 alone did not bring about a significant reduction of lymphoma incidence. On the other hand, the combined agents diminished organ involvement with lymphoma to 9.1% as against 90% in the controls (p < 0.0005) and 62.5% with WR 2721 alone (p < 0.025). Thus, combined treatment with zinc aspartate and WR 2721 also inhibited radiation-induced lymphoid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Floersheim
- Department of Research, Kantonsspital Basel, Switzerland
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Roy P, Chevrier D, Fournier H, Racine C, Zollinger M, Crine P, Boileau G. Investigation of a possible role of the amino-terminal pro-region of proopiomelanocortin in its processing and targeting to secretory granules. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991; 82:237-50. [PMID: 1794612 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(91)90037-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is a polyprotein which is targeted to the regulated secretory pathway of neuroendocrine cells where it undergoes tissue-specific proteolysis to yield peptides such as adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin. The pro-region of POMC is 49 amino acid long with two disulfide bonds between cysteine residues 2 and 24 and 8 and 20. These cysteine residues are conserved across the species. The pro-region contains no known hormonal sequence. Sorting to the regulated secretory pathway is thought to involve targeting signals encoded in the structure of secretory proteins. In the present study, we have examined the possibility that the disulfide bridges located in the NH2-terminal portion of the pro-region of POMC are essential for maintaining a determinant involved in the sorting of POMC to the regulated secretory pathway. Using site-directed and deletion mutagenesis of the porcine POMC cDNA, we created mutants in which one or both disulfide bridges were disrupted or in which the first 26 amino acid residues of the pro-region were deleted. Recombinant retroviruses carrying the mutated POMC cDNAs were used to infect Neuro2A cells. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy studies performed on infected cells revealed that the unmutated and mutated POMC-immunoreactive peptides were localized in dense-core vesicles at the tips of cellular extensions. Analysis of the POMC-immunoreactive peptides extracted from the infected Neuro2A cells indicated that the mutated precursors in which one disulfide bridge was disrupted (POMC-S2 or POMC-S8) were stored and processed as efficiently as the unmutated POMC. By contrast, the mutated precursor in which both disulfide bridges were disrupted (POMC-S2,8) did not accumulate in intracellular compartments to the same extent as unmutated POMC. Moreover, this mutant was very inefficiently processed and no release could be observed upon stimulation of the cells with K+/Ca2+. These results suggest that POMC-S2,8 entered the regulated secretory pathway less efficiently than the unmutated precursor. However, when both disulfide bridges were removed from the precursor from the precursor by deletion of the first 26 amino acid residues of POMC, the truncated precursor (POMC delta 1-26) behaved as the unmutated POMC. Taken together our results indicate that the NH2-terminal portion of the pro-region including both disulfide bridges can be deleted without affecting the targeting of the molecule to secretory granules. However, when the entire POMC sequence is expressed in Neuro2A cells, the proper folding of the NH2-terminal region might be important for efficient processing and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roy
- Département de biochimie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
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Germain D, Zollinger L, Racine C, Gossard F, Dignard D, Thomas DY, Crine P, Boileau G. The yeast KEX-2-processing endoprotease is active in the Golgi apparatus of transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Mol Endocrinol 1990; 4:1572-9. [PMID: 2284001 DOI: 10.1210/mend-4-10-1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic processing of polyprotein precursors at pairs of basic amino acids is a prerequisite for the generation of bioactive peptide hormones. While the mammalian endoproteases responsible for these cleavages are yet to be identified, this function has been unequivocally assigned in yeast to the product of the KEX-2 gene. To study the molecular mechanisms involved in polyprotein processing, we have transfected the yeast KEX-2 gene into mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and established a new cell line (called 2N-DK) where the KEX-2 endoprotease is permanently expressed. Immunofluorescence studies show that the KEX-2 enzyme is retained within the Golgi of the 2N-DK cells. The evidence for this cellular location is supported by measurement of intracellular and extracellular KEX-2 enzyme activity. In this permanently transfected cell line, KEX-2 activity is exclusively intracellular, in contrast to the situation previously described in transiently infected cell lines, where extracellular KEX-2 activity was detected. Furthermore, infection of 2N-DK cells with a recombinant retrovirus expressing a cDNA coding for porcine proopiomelanocortin (POMC) resulted in the synthesis of POMC and its efficient processing into beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin, two of its physiologically authentic maturation products. These results suggest that in the fibroblast cell line 2N-DK, proteolytic processing of POMC by KEX-2 endoprotease occurs in the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Germain
- Genetics Section, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec
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Zollinger L, Racine C, Crine P, Boileau G, Germain D, Thomas DY, Gossard F. Intracellular proteolytic processing of proopiomelanocortin in heterologous COS-1 cells by the yeast KEX2 endoprotease. Biochem Cell Biol 1990; 68:635-40. [PMID: 2165411 DOI: 10.1139/o90-090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have transiently expressed the yeast KEX2 gene together with the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) cDNA in COS-1 cells. Characterization of the POMC-related immunoreactive peptides by gel permeation and reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography showed that the KEX2 enzyme was active and capable of carrying out cleavage of POMC to release the authentic maturation product beta-endorphin(1-31). Peptides resembling beta-lipotropin, the amino terminal glycopeptide, and ACTH(1-39) were also detected as major products in the cell extracts. Our results indicate that the KEX2 enzyme can proteolytically release from POMC a set of peptides similar to that normally found in interior pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zollinger
- Département de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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