1
|
Magalhaes HB, Dell'Aqua JA, Canisso IF. Luteal tissue blood flow and side effects of horse-recommended luteolytic doses of dinoprost and cloprostenol in donkeys. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 132:104963. [PMID: 37984758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed luteolysis and side effects in jennies receiving standard horse-recommended doses of cloprostenol and dinoprost. Sixteen cycles of eight jennies were randomly assigned in a sequential crossover design to receive dinoprost (5 mg, i.m.) and cloprostenol (0.25 mg, i.m.) at 5-d post-ovulation. B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography were employed to assess luteal tissue size and blood flow before (-15 min and 0h) and after (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 24, and 48h) administering PGF2α. Immunoreactive progesterone concentrations were assayed at similar timepoints via RIA. Side effects such as sweating, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea were scored at 15-min-intervals for 1h after PGF2α. Data normality was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk's test. Luteal tissue size and blood flow were analyzed using PROC-MIXED and post-hoc by Tukey. Non-parametric tests analyzed side effect variables. The luteal blood flow increased overtime by 27% at 45 min and peaked by 49% at 3 h for dinoprost, and conversely, it increased by 14% at 30 min and peaked at 39% at 5h for cloprostenol (P<0.05). Luteal blood flow was reduced by 50%, 25%, and 10% on both groups at 8, 12, and 24h (P<0.05). Immunoreactive progesterone concentrations decreased in 0.5h for dinoprost and 1h for cloprostenol and gradually decreased by 48h (P<0.05). Dinoprost induced greater sudoresis scores, while cloprostenol resulted in greater abdominal discomfort and diarrhea scores (P<0.05). In conclusion, dinoprost and cloprostenol effectively induced luteolysis with distinct side effects; this could guide practitioners' case selection to use one or another PGF2α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humberto B Magalhaes
- Department of Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Jose Antonio Dell'Aqua
- Department of Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor F Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 W Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Magalhaes HB, Canisso IF, Dell-Aqua JA. The Temporal Associations of B-Mode and Power-Doppler Ultrasonography, and Ovarian Steroid Changes of the Periovulatory Follicle and Corpus Luteum During Luteogenesis and Luteolysis in Jennies. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 122:104224. [PMID: 36669627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the associations between B-mode and Power-doppler ultrasonography and ovarian steroids of the periovulatory follicle and respective corpus luteum (CL) during luteogenesis and luteolysis in jennies. Twenty-four periovulatory follicles/estrus of correspondent one inter-ovulatory interval (n = 12 jennies) were assessed in the study. B-mode ultrasonography and teasing were carried out once day until the detection of a periovulatory follicle (≥28 mm, uterine edema, and signs of estrus). Thereafter, jennies were monitored at 4-hour-intervals by B-mode and Power-doppler ultrasonography. Closer to ovulation, jennies were hourly checked. Each CL was checked daily from luteogenesis to luteolysis. Plasma concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were assessed daily with chemiluminescence immunoassay. Granulosa echogenicity and thickness increased from -36 hour to -1 hour before ovulation in 70% of follicles (P < .05) and were strongly associated with impending ovulation (r = 0.80 and r = 0.70, respectively). The follicular-wall blood flow increased from -72 to -24 hour pre-ovulation, while the estradiol concentration declined from 42 pg/mL by -72 hour to 31.6 pg/mL by 24 hour before ovulation (P < .05). The vascularization of the periovulatory follicle decreased from 62% (-36 hour) to 37% (-1 hour) before ovulation (P < .05). The CL vascularization and progesterone concentration gradually increased, reaching the peak at 11- and 10-day after the ovulation, respectively (P < .05). The CL vascularization started to decline 3 day before luteolysis, while progesterone concentrations started to drop 4 day before luteolysis (P < .05). In conclusion, the structural changes of the periovulatory follicle detected on B-mode and Power-doppler can be used to detect impending ovulation in donkeys; however, Power-doppler, but not B-mode ultrasonography, can be used to assess CL function in jennies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humberto B Magalhaes
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign, Urbana IL
| | - Igor F Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign, Urbana IL.
| | - Jose A Dell-Aqua
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grabowska A, Kozdrowski R. Relationship between estrus endometrial edema and progesterone production in pregnant mares two weeks after ovulation. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:414. [PMID: 36414934 PMCID: PMC9680132 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone plays a crucial role in the maintenance of pregnancy from conception to about 100-120 days of gestation when placenta becomes the main source of gestagens. The aim of the study was to test progesterone concentration 14 days after ovulation in pregnant mares and relate it to peak estral endometrial edema and the presence of intrauterine fluid (IUF) after artificial insemination (AI), the number of treatments against IUF, and the time from AI to the day when the uterus was found free of fluid. RESULTS Mares were divided into two groups: group A (n = 13; age 10.8 ± 4.5 years) in which a normal embryonic vesicle with a diameter ≥ 14 mm and a corpus luteum with a diameter ≥ 15 mm were found 14 days after ovulation, and group B (n = 22; age 9.4 ± 4 .0 years) in which 14 days after ovulation, a small (< 15 mm) corpus luteum and/or a small embryonic vesicle was observed (diameter < 14 mm). Mares from group A had a significantly higher progesterone concentrations at 14 days after ovulation compared with group B mares. The presence of IUF, the number of treatments against IUF, and the time from AI to the day when uterus was found free of fluid did not affect progesterone concentration measured 14 days after ovulation. In group B, a significant correlation was found between progesterone concentration measured 14 days after ovulation and endometrial edema evaluated during estrus. CONCLUSIONS In some cases poor development of endometrial edema during estrus can be associated with lower progesterone production 14 days after ovulation. Nevertheless, scientific explanation for this finding cannot be given based on our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grabowska
- Anawet Sp. Z O.O., Ul. Spółdzielcza 3, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
| | - Roland Kozdrowski
- grid.5374.50000 0001 0943 6490Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ortega‐Ferrusola C, Gómez‐Arrones V, Martín‐Cano FE, Gil MC, Peña FJ, Gaitskell‐Phillips G, Da Silva‐Álvarez E. Advances in the ultrasound diagnosis in equine reproductive medicine: New approaches. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57 Suppl 5:34-44. [PMID: 35748405 PMCID: PMC9796632 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound technology has led to new lines of research in equine reproduction, and it has helped to greatly improve clinical diagnosis and reproductive outcomes in equine practice. This review aims to discuss the potential clinical uses and new approaches of ultrasonography in equine reproduction. Doppler modalities are usually used to evaluate the vascularization of the follicles, corpus luteum (CL), and the uterus in the mare for diagnostic purposes. Inclusion of Doppler ultrasound in artificial insemination and embryo transfer programs could improve the reproductive outcome of these techniques. Better selection of recipients based on CL functionality, early pregnancy diagnosis 7-8 days postovulation of the donor before flushing or diagnosis of mares with endometritis with pathological increases of blood flow are examples of clinical applications in the mare. In the stallion, colour Doppler ultrasound has improved the diagnostic potential of B-mode ultrasound, improving the differential diagnosis of pathologies such as testicular torsion (decrease or absence of blood flow in the cord) and orchitis (increased blood flow in the cord). The incorporation of pulsed Doppler ultrasound into the reproductive evaluation of the stallion has enabled early identification of stallions with testicular dysfunction, thus allowing administration of timely treatment and subsequent improvements of the fertility prognosis for these animals. In addition, this technique has been used in the monitoring of patients undergoing medical and surgical treatments, thus verifying their efficacy. Recently, computer-assisted pixel analysis using specific software has been performed in research work in order to semi-quantitatively evaluate the vascularization (colour and power Doppler) and echotexture of different organs. These softwares are now being developed for clinical purposes, as is the case with Ecotext, a computer program developed for the evaluation of testicular echotexture, providing information on testicular functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ortega‐Ferrusola
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | | | - Francisco E. Martín‐Cano
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Mari Cruz Gil
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Fernando J. Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Gemma Gaitskell‐Phillips
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Eva Da Silva‐Álvarez
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duval L, Rechsteiner SF, Gastal G, Gastal M, Mattos R, Gastal E. Ovarian and uterine dynamics during the estrous cycle in Criollo breed mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 118:104131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
6
|
Ishak GM, Feugang JM, Pechanova O, Pechan T, Peterson DG, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Gastal EL. Follicular-fluid proteomics during equine follicle development. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:298-311. [PMID: 35762042 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The complex composition of the follicular fluid (FF), the intimate proximity to the oocyte, and the continual changes in their composition have a major effect on folliculogenesis and oogenesis. To date, the profiling of FF proteomes during follicle selection, development, and ovulation has not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, a shotgun proteomics approach and bioinformatics analyses were used to profile the proteomes of equine FF harvested in vivo from follicles at the following development stages: predeviation (18-20 mm), deviation (22-25 mm), postdeviation (26-29 mm), preovulatory (30-35 mm), and impending ovulation. A total of 294 proteins were detected in FF (FDR <1%), corresponding to 65 common proteins and 124, 142, 167, 132, and 142 proteins in the predeviation, deviation, postdeviation, preovulatory, and impending ovulation groups, respectively. The higher expression of properdin and several other proteins belonging to the complement system during the deviation time and ovulation suggested their contribution in the selection of the future dominant follicle and ovulation. Apolipoprotein A-1 and antithrombin-III appeared to be important throughout folliculogenesis. The "complement and coagulation cascades" was the major KEGG pathway across all stages of follicle development. The significant expression of several proteins belonging to the serine-type endopeptidase indicated their likely contribution to follicle and oocyte development. Our data provide an extensive description and functional analyses of the equine FF proteome during follicle selection, development, and ovulation. This information will help improve understanding of the ovarian function and ovulatory dysfunctions and might serve as a reference for future biomarker discovery for oocyte quality assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan M Ishak
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Olga Pechanova
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Daniel G Peterson
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Scott T Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Silva Costa Ferreira C, de Cássia Lima Morais R. Doppler Ultrasound in the Reproduction of Mares. Vet Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.98951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Doppler ultrasonographic (US) is a method that provides real-time information on vascular architecture and hemodynamic aspects of blood vessels. It can determine the presence, direction, and speed of blood flow, being subdivided into the categories of color Doppler (color flow and power flow) and pulsed Doppler. The objective of this chapter was to compile data from several studies addressing the use of US Doppler correlated with pathophysiological phenomena of equine reproduction. Initially we decided to describe the technique, advantages, and disadvantages of each Doppler mode. Then the applicability of US Doppler in mares related to equine reproduction. Thus, within this chapter, you will find the form of use and descriptions of studies carried out on vascular perfusion of the follicular dynamics, the corpus luteum, the uterine segments, which we have divided into post-insemination evaluation, endometritis diagnosis and pregnancy diagnosis. So, we hope that this chapter will expand the knowledge about US Doppler and increase the number of veterinarians who will introduce the technique into their practical routine.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hormonal Management for the Induction of Luteolysis and Ovulation in Andalusian Jennies: Effect on Reproductive Performance, Embryo Quality and Recovery Rate. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020143. [PMID: 35049767 PMCID: PMC8772578 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two prostanglandins (luprostiol, LUP, and dinoprost, DIN) and two ovulation-inducing agents (human Chorionic Gonadotropin, hCG, and deslorelin, DES) were evaluated for luteolysis and estrus induction, and for ovulation induction, respectively, in embryo donor jennies. Twenty-six fertile Andalusian jennies were used. In Experiment 1, jennies (n = 112 cycles) were randomly treated with either LUP or DIN after embryo flushing. In Experiment 2, donors (n = 84 cycles) were randomly treated with either hCG or DES to induce ovulation. No differences were found between prostaglandins for all variables studied (prostaglandin–ovulation interval (POI), interovulatory interval (IOI), embryo recovery rate (ERR), positive flushing rate (PFR) and embryo grade (EG)). The ovulation rate was similar for hCG and DES (60.9% vs. 78.7%). However, the interval to ovulation (ITO) was affected (62.61 ± 7.20 vs. 48.79 ± 2.69 h). None of the other variables studied (ERR, PFR and EG) were affected (p > 0.05), except for embryo quality (p = 0.009). In short, both prostaglandins evaluated are adequate to induce luteolysis and estrus. Both ovulation-inducing agents hastened ovulation, but DES seems to be more effective than hCG. Follicular diameter affected the interval from treatment to ovulation, and high uterine edema was related to low embryo quality.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wischral A, Pastorello M, Gastal MO, Beg MA, Gastal EL. Hemodynamic, endocrine, and gene expression mechanisms regulating equine ovarian follicular and cellular development. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 89:23-38. [PMID: 34911155 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ovulatory follicle development and associated oocyte maturation involve complex coordinated molecular and cellular mechanisms not yet fully understood. This study addresses the relationships among follicle diameter, follicle wall blood flow, follicular-fluid factors, and gene expression for follicle growth, steroidogenesis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in granulosa/cumulus cells and oocytes during different stages from the beginning of largest/ovulatory follicle to impending ovulation in mares. The most remarkable findings were (i) a positive association between follicle development, follicle blood flow, intrafollicular follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for FSHR and LHCGR in granulosa cells of the largest/ovulatory follicle; (ii) a plateau or decrease in follicle diameter and blood flow and granulosa cell mRNA for FSHR, LHCGR, IGF1R, VEGFR2, CYP19A1, and CASP3 at the preovulatory stage; (iii) higher StAR and BCL2 and lower CASP3 mRNA in granulosa cells at the time of impending ovulation; (iv) greater IGF1R mRNA for granulosa cells at the predeviation stage; and (v) lower FSHR, LHCGR, IGF1R, and VEGFR2 mRNA in cumulus cells and greater LHCGR and IGF1R mRNA in oocytes at the ovulatory stage. This study is a critical advance in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of follicle development and oocyte maturation and is expected to be vital for future studies targeting potential markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurea Wischral
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marilia Pastorello
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Melba O Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohd A Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hormonal Levels and Follicular Dynamics in Relation to the Oestrous Cycle in Barb and Arabian Mares, Algeria. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This current study is an effort to understand the hormonal and follicular growth in the Barb and Arabian mares during the oestrous cycle; as mares are unique creatures. A total of 53 mares with 97 oestrous cycles were studied. The mares with a mean age of 10.38 ± 4.55 were examined by ultrasonography every day during their breeding season (2017). Two blood samples from each mare (n = 24) were obtained for progesterone (P4), oestrogen (oestradiol-17 beta) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) determinations. The data revealed that the duration of the oestrous cycle was between 19 to 22 days. The pre-ovulatory follicle grew (3.02 ± 1.04) millimetre per day. The rate of cycles exploited in the mare (Arabian versus Barb) for conception was significantly different (P < 0.001). The maximal diameter of the follicle was 50.00 millimetre. The serum progesterone levels (P < 0.01) in mares were significantly higher in the luteal phase than those recorded during the time of oestrous. However, the levels of oestradiol and for FSH did not significantly change during the oestrous cycle in the mares. Determining the association between the size of the follicle and the hormone profiles were the most reliable criterion in the prediction of ovulation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ribeiro MDO, Bittencourt RF, Feliciano MAR, Santana ALA, Silva MADA, Felix MD, Santana LR, Barbosa LP. Subdose of human chorionic gonadotropin applied at the Hou Hai acupoint on follicular dynamics and luteal development in donkeys. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20200554. [PMID: 33791033 PMCID: PMC7995259 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an hCG subdose applied at the Hou Hai acupoint as an ovulation inducer in donkeys. Eleven donkeys were distributed in randomized blocks in T1 = application of 1,500 IU of hCG intravenous (IV); T2 = 450 IU of hCG applied at the false acupoint (IV), and T3 = 450 IU of hCG applied at the Hou Hai acupoint. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between the treatments regarding the mean diameter of the pre-ovulatory follicle (34.5 ± 1.3 mm), the ovulation rate (96.97%), the interval between induction and ovulation (58.07 ± 16.82 h), the mean diameter of the CL (D0 = 23.0 ± 0.6; D2 = 27.7 ± 1.9 and D8 = 28.2 ± 0.8mm), and serum P4 concentrations (10.50 ± 2.99 ng.mL-1). The application of 450 IU of hCG at the Hou Hai acupoint increased ovulation rate (72.73%) more than 48 h after induction (P = 0.03) and a larger diameter of the CL on D4 (30.7 ± 5.1 mm) (P = 0.04). The vascularization area of the CL on D8, obtained by minimum number of colored pixel (NCP), was greater (P < 0.05) in the donkeys that received 1,500 IU of IV hCG (T1, 41.91 ± 1.17), and we found a positive correlation (P < 0.05) between mean NCP and P4 concentration in the donkeys that received 450 IU of hCG IV at the false acupoint (T2) or at the Hou Hai acupoint (T3). The application of 450 IU of hCG by IV route at the false acupoint or the Hou Hai acupoint was sufficient to induce ovulation in donkeys, demonstrating that the average dosage commonly used for this species is too high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcio de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Ana Lúcia Almeida Santana
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Morgana Duarte Felix
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Larissa Pires Barbosa
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Evaluation of vascularization in the walls of preovulatory follicles in mares with endometritis. Theriogenology 2020; 157:79-84. [PMID: 32805645 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endometritis is a major cause of infertility in mares. The aim of this study is to evaluate the preovulatory follicle (POF) vascularization (A mix, A red, A blue), POF diameter, POF wall thickness, and uterine diameters in mares with or without endometritis. Ten healthy mares and 10 mares with endometritis diagnosed by the combination of transrectal palpation, ultrasonographic examination, and cytology brush were enrolled in the study. Data of the groups obtained at 2 days before the ovulation (day -2) were compared with Student's t-test. Correlations of the parameters were determined by the Pearson correlation test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating a lower vascularization of A mix, A red, A blue, and a significantly lower wall thickness in the POFs of the mares with endometritis compared to the healthy ones (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p = 0.06, and p < 0.001, respectively). Also, a striking and novel inverse correlation between POF wall thickness and uterine diameter (r = -0.785, p < 0.001) and moderate correlations between POF wall thickness and POF vascularizations of A mix and A red (r = 0.436, p = 0.055, and r = 0.427, p = 0.060, respectively) were determined.
Collapse
|
13
|
Rocha CE, de Carvalho EDC, de Castro FCGS, Xavier ILGDS, Young RJ, Palhares MS, da Silva Filho JM, Carvalho RR, Vasconcellos ADS, Valle GR. Is mare sexual behavior affected by age and can it predict ovulation? Appl Anim Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2020.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
14
|
Nieto-Olmedo P, Martín-Cano FE, Gaitskell-Phillips G, Ortiz-Rodríguez JM, Peña FJ, Ortega-Ferrusola C. Power Doppler can detect the presence of 7-8 day conceptuses prior to flushing in an equine embryo transfer program. Theriogenology 2020; 145:1-9. [PMID: 31972496 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine whether differences in uterine blood flow between pregnant and non-pregnant mares can be used to predict the presence of the equine embryo prior to flushing in an embryo transfer program, power Doppler ultrasonography was used on a total of 52 mares on days 7 or 8 post-ovulation. Computer analysis of Doppler images was subsequently performed using ImageJ v1.48 software. Vascular perfusion of the endometrium was analyzed using spot meter techniques, measuring mean pixel intensity and area of blood flow. Mares with positive flushings presented a higher uterine blood flow area (one embryo: 54.01 ± 2.27 mm2 or two embryos: 61.01 ± 6.73 mm2) prior to embryo recovery compared to barren mares (21.77 ± 2.22 mm2) (p≤0.05). However, significant differences in vascular perfusion were not detected between single or twin pregnancies. Blood flow area appears to be a good predictor for differentiation between pregnant and non-pregnant mares with an AUC: 0.869; p≤0.001 and an optimal cut-off value of 37.21 mm2. Both the mare's age and day of embryo recovery caused effects on uterine vascular perfusion. According to Youden's J statistics the uterine blood flow area of young pregnant mares was greater than 25.4 mm2 on day 7 (with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 87.5%) and greater than 21.02 mm2 on day 8 post-ovulation (with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 100%). The uterine blood flow area in adult pregnant mares was greater than 41.4 mm2 on day 7 (with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 85.5%) and greater than 35.55 mm2 on day 8 after ovulation (with a sensitivity of 97.2% and a specificity of 85.7%). Evaluation on day 8 is therefore considered to be more reliable. Older and middle aged pregnant mares (5-18 years old) had increased uterine vascularization compared to young pregnant mares (2-5 years old) (p≤0.001). Conversely, older barren mares showed higher endometrial vascularity (35.06 ± 2.56 mm2) than young (17.21 ± 1.26 mm2) and middle aged non-pregnant mares (23.84 ± 1.50 mm2) (p≤0.05). We hypothesized that the higher blood flow area seen in older barren mares may be a consequence of a subclinical endometritis due to repeated flushing for embryo recovery. The results of the present study indicate that power Doppler ultrasound combined with computer assisted analysis of images are reliable techniques to detect early pregnancy prior to embryo recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Nieto-Olmedo
- CEFIVA-Centro de Fertilización In vitro de Asturias, Spain.
| | - F E Martín-Cano
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - G Gaitskell-Phillips
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - J M Ortiz-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - F J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - C Ortega-Ferrusola
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gaur M, Purohit GN. Follicular dynamics and colour Doppler vascularity evaluations of follicles and corpus luteum in relation to plasma progesterone during the oestrous cycle of Surti buffaloes. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:585-594. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Gaur
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology and ObstetricsCollege of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Navania, VallabhnagarRajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bikaner Rajasthan India
| | - Govind Narayan Purohit
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bikaner Rajasthan India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arterial ovarian blood flow in the periovulatory period of GnRH-induced and spontaneous estrous cycles of bitches. Theriogenology 2018; 119:131-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Follicle growth and endocrine dynamics in women with spontaneous luteinized unruptured follicles versus ovulation. Hum Reprod 2018; 33:1130-1140. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
|
18
|
de Tarso SGS, Gastal GDA, Bashir ST, Gastal MO, Apgar GA, Gastal EL. Follicle vascularity coordinates corpus luteum blood flow and progesterone production. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:448-457. [PMID: 28442057 DOI: 10.1071/rd15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colour Doppler ultrasonography was used to compare the ability of preovulatory follicle (POF) blood flow and its dimensions to predict the size, blood flow and progesterone production capability of the subsequent corpus luteum (CL). Cows (n=30) were submitted to a synchronisation protocol. Follicles ≥7mm were measured and follicular wall blood flow evaluated every 12h for approximately 3.5 days until ovulation. After ovulation, cows were scanned daily for 8 days and similar parameters were evaluated for the CL. Blood samples were collected and plasma progesterone concentrations quantified. All parameters were positively correlated. Correlation values ranged from 0.26 to 0.74 on data normalised to ovulation and from 0.31 to 0.74 on data normalised to maximum values. Correlations between calculated ratios of both POF and CL in data normalised to ovulation and to maximum values ranged from moderate (0.57) to strong (0.87). Significant (P<0.0001) linear regression analyses were seen in all comparisons. In conclusion, higher correlations were observed between the dimensions of POF and/or CL and blood flow of both structures, as well as POF and/or CL blood flow with plasma progesterone concentrations of the resultant CL. These findings indicate that follicle vascularity coordinates CL blood flow and progesterone production in synchronised beef cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G S de Tarso
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - G D A Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - S T Bashir
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - M O Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - G A Apgar
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - E L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, MC 4417, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Allen WR, Wilsher S. Half a century of equine reproduction research and application: A veterinary tour de force. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:10-21. [PMID: 28971522 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, per season pregnancy rate in Thoroughbred mares have risen from 70 to >90% and foaling rates from 55 to >80%. Some of the significant pharmacological treatments and diagnostic methods which have driven this marked improvement in breeding efficiency are reviewed. They include the application of artificial lighting to hasten the onset of ovulatory oestrous cyclicity in early Spring, rapid steroid hormone assays to aid in determining the stage and normality of the mare's cycle, prostaglandin analogues, synthetic progestagens and Gonadotrophin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogues to better control and manipulate her cycle to good effect, transrectal ultrasound scanning to monitor follicle growth, endometrial architecture and ovulation and to allow accurate, early pregnancy diagnosis thereby enabling successful ablation of one of twin conceptuses. Also, flexible videoendoscopy to monitor physiological and pathological changes in the uterine endometrium and rigid laparoscopy to apply prostaglandin to the oviducts to dislodge and clear suspected blockages of them to restore fertility. The outbreak of Contagious Equine Metritis in Newmarket in the spring of 1977 and the swabbing-related changes to mare and stallion management, plus the improved veterinary hygiene methods, which followed are also recounted. The past half century has witnessed many technical and therapeutic advances that have enhanced tremendously the diagnostic and treatment capabilities of studfarm veterinary surgeons. They, in turn, have improved greatly the efficiency of breeding Thoroughbreds and other types of horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W R Allen
- The Paul Mellon Laboratory of Equine Reproduction, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - S Wilsher
- Sharjah Equine Hospital, Sharjah, UAE
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ishak GM, Bashir ST, Gastal MO, Gastal EL. Pre-ovulatory follicle affects corpus luteum diameter, blood flow, and progesterone production in mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 187:1-12. [PMID: 29074033 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to study the temporal relationships between pre-ovulatory follicle (POF) and corpus luteum (CL) diameter and blood flow, with systemic progesterone (P4) concentration during two transitional ovulatory seasons in mares. Variables of POF and CL/P4 were evaluated for 6days before and 17days after ovulation, respectively. Evaluations were performed during two consecutive estrous cycles in spring and fall seasons, and during the last estrous cycle of the season. There were significant correlations among POF and CL variables, and P4 concentration that ranged from 0.24 to 0.95, and among the ratios of different variables that ranged from 0.39 to 0.92. There were linear regressions (P<0.01-0.001) for all comparisons among different variables. The POF diameter before the first ovulation of the season was larger (P<0.05), and POF vascularity was less (P<0.05), than in the last estrous cycle during the season. The CL blood flow was less (P<0.01) during the last compared with first pre-ovulatory period of the season. The POF diameters were positively correlated (r=0.67) during the two pre-ovulatory periods of spring and fall. Results provide evidence that the POF affects CL diameter and blood flow, and subsequently P4 production, and that POF diameter is repeatable within the same individual during different seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Ishak
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - S T Bashir
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - M O Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - E L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tazawa SP, Gastal MO, Silva LA, Evans MJ, Gastal EL. Preovulatory Follicle Dynamics, and Ovulatory and Endometrial Responses to Different Doses of hCG and Prediction of Ovulation in Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Abdelnaby EA, Abo El-Maaty AM. Dynamics of Follicular Blood Flow, Antrum Growth, and Angiogenic Mediators in Mares From Deviation to Ovulation. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
23
|
Gastal G, Aguiar F, Alves B, Alves K, de Tarso S, Ishak G, Cavinder C, Feugang J, Gastal E. Equine ovarian tissue viability after cryopreservation and in vitro culture. Theriogenology 2017; 97:139-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
24
|
Boakari YL, Ferreira JC, Canesin HS, Thompson DL, Lima FS, Pantoja JCF, Meira C. Influence of two ovulation-inducing agents on the pituitary response and follicle blood flow in mares. Theriogenology 2017; 100:95-99. [PMID: 28708540 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of deslorelin and hCG, two ovulation-inducing therapies, on LH surge and follicle vascularity in mares. Thirty mares were either treated with 1.5 mg IM of deslorelin, 2,500 IU IV of hCG or 2 mL IM of NaCl 0.9% (GnRH, hCG and Saline groups, respectively). Power-flow Doppler examination and blood collection were performed every hour during the first 12 hours after treatment (H0) and every six hours between hours 12 (H12) and 30 (H30) after treatment. Moreover, endpoints were evaluated every hour through the last six hours before ovulation (OV-6 to OV-1). In GnRH group, plasma LH concentration progressively increased (P < 0.001) during the first 6 hours after treatment and remained high (P > 0.1) until OV-1. A significant increase in LH concentrations was first detected (P < 0.05) at 24 hours after treatment in hCG group, while no changes (P > 0.1) on LH levels were found during H0-H30 and between OV-6 and OV-1 in the Saline group. Independent of the treatment, significant variations on the percentage of the follicle wall with Doppler signals were not observed (P > 0.1) throughout the entire experiment. A weak correlation between the preovulatory follicle vascularity and the plasma LH concentration was found in GnRH, hCG and Saline groups (r = +0.29, +0.29 and -0.23, respectively; P ˂ 0.0001). These results described for the first time the immediate and continuous pituitary response to ovulation-inducing therapy with injectable deslorelin. Moreover, spontaneous and induced ovulations were not preceded by an increased follicle vascularity, which differs from previous reports in large animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y L Boakari
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - J C Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
| | - H S Canesin
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D L Thompson
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J C F Pantoja
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Meira
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miller SM, Spargo KE. Science-in-brief: Clinical highlights from 50th Congress of the South African Equine Veterinary Association 2017. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:266-268. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Miller
- Summerveld Equine Hospital; Summerveld South Africa
- Section Diagnostic Imaging; Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort; Pretoria South Africa
| | - K. E. Spargo
- Section Diagnostic Imaging; Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort; Pretoria South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lemes KM, Silva LA, Alonso MA, Celeghini ECC, Pugliesi G, Carvalho HF, Affonso FJ, Silva DF, Leite TG, de Arruda RP. Uterine Vascular Perfusion and Involution During the Postpartum Period in Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
Gastal GDA, Alves BG, Alves KA, Souza MEM, Vieira AD, Varela AS, Figueiredo JR, Feugang JM, Lucia T, Gastal EL. Ovarian fragment sizes affect viability and morphology of preantral follicles during storage at 4°C. Reproduction 2017; 153:577-587. [PMID: 28246309 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The method of transportation and the conditions imposed on the ovarian tissue are pivotal aspects for the success of ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the size of the ovarian tissue (e.g. whole ovary, biopsy size and transplant size) during different times of storage (0, 6, 12 and 24 h) on the structural integrity of equine ovarian tissue transported at 4°C. Eighteen pairs of ovaries from young mares (<10 years old) were harvested in a slaughterhouse and processed to simulate the fragment sizes (biopsy and transplant size groups) or kept intact (whole ovary group) and stored at 4°C for up to 24 h in α-MEM-enriched solution. The effect of the size of the ovarian tissue was observed on the morphology of preantral follicles, stromal cell density, DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial membrane potential. The results showed that (i) biopsy size fragments had more morphologically normal preantral follicles after 24 h of storage at 4°C; (ii) mitochondrial membrane potential was the lowest during each storage time when the whole ovary was used; (iii) DNA fragmentation rate in the ovarian cells of all sizes of fragments increased as storage was prolonged and (iv) transplant size fragments had increased stromal cell density during storage at cool temperature. In conclusion, the biopsy size fragment was the best to preserve follicle morphology for long storage (24 h); however, transportation/storage should be prior determined according to the distance (time of transportation) between patient and reproduction centers/clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G D A Gastal
- Department of Animal ScienceFood and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - B G Alves
- Department of Animal ScienceFood and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - K A Alves
- Department of Animal ScienceFood and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - M E M Souza
- Department of Animal ScienceFood and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - A D Vieira
- Laboratory of Animal ReproductionFaculty of Veterinary Medicine
| | - A S Varela
- Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral FolliclesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy SciencesMississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - T Lucia
- Laboratory of Animal ReproductionFaculty of Veterinary Medicine
| | - E L Gastal
- Department of Animal ScienceFood and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Coffman EA, Pinto CR. A Review on the Use of Prostaglandin F2α for Controlling the Estrous Cycle in Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
29
|
Fazio E, Medica P, Trifiletti C, Ferlazzo A. The outcome of the first stages of pregnancy on mares' bloodstream thyroid hormones. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1036-1041. [PMID: 27125693 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare in detail the total and free iodothyronines' pattern of mares from the first ovulation of the year over an extended period of 12 weeks. A total of 20 mares were used in the study. The mares were classified into two groups: mares mated at the ovulation (n = 10) used as observational group and mares unmated at the ovulation (n = 10) used as control group. Serum total and free triiodothyronine (T3, fT3) and thyroxine (T4, fT4) levels were measured in baseline conditions at the first ovulation of year and once a week until 12 weeks later. For the experimental group, the first week of postovulation mating was considered as the first week of gestation. One-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of time over 12 weeks for T3 (F = 2.44; P = 0.007) in pregnant mares, with the higher levels at the seventh and 12th weeks (P < 0.05) than baseline values, and for fT3 (F = 2.36; P = 0.009), with the higher levels at the 11th week (P < 0.05) than baseline values. Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant pregnancy effect compared with nonpregnancy stage for T3 (F = 15.82; P = 0.009), with the higher levels at the seventh and 12th weeks (P < 0.05) of pregnancy than that in nonpregnant values. Thus, it appears that, under similar environment, management and nutritional regime, the first trimester of pregnancy plays a dynamic role on the thyroid patterns by their anabolic activity; therefore, significant effects of time points on the T3 and fT3 concentrations probably may contribute to the control of early embryonic growth and development, before the onset of fetal thyroid activity. Considerable additional research, outwith the aim of this study, will be required to elucidate the mechanisms by which gestational age affects the physiological thyroid function in mares and/or fetus ratio in the first pregnancy stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - P Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - C Trifiletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - A Ferlazzo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martínez-Boví R, Cuervo-Arango J. Follicle Diameter and Systemic Hormone Interrelationships during Induction of Follicle Collapse with Intrafollicular Prostaglandin E2 and F2αin Mares. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:322-9. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Martínez-Boví
- Facultad de Veterinaria; Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal; Universidad CEU, Cardenal Herrera; Valencia Spain
| | - J Cuervo-Arango
- Facultad de Veterinaria; Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal; Universidad CEU, Cardenal Herrera; Valencia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bashir ST, Gastal MO, Tazawa SP, Tarso SGS, Hales DB, Cuervo-Arango J, Baerwald AR, Gastal EL. The mare as a model for luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome: intrafollicular endocrine milieu. Reproduction 2016; 151:271-83. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome is a recurrent anovulatory dysfunction that affects up to 23% of women with normal menstrual cycles and up to 73% with endometriosis. Mechanisms underlying the development of LUF syndrome in mares were studied to provide a potential model for human anovulation. The effect of extended increase in circulating LH achieved by administration of recombinant equine LH (reLH) or a short surge of LH and decrease in progesterone induced by prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on LUF formation (Experiment 1), identification of an optimal dose of COX-2 inhibitor (flunixin meglumine, FM; to block the effect of prostaglandins) for inducing LUFs (Experiment 2), and evaluation of intrafollicular endocrine milieu in LUFs (Experiment 3) were investigated. In Experiment 1, mares were treated with reLH from Day 7 to Day 15 (Day 0=ovulation), PGF2α on Day 7, or in combination. In Experiment 2, FM at doses of 2.0 or 3.0 mg/kg every 12 h and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (1500 IU) were administered after a follicle ≥32 mm was detected. In Experiment 3, FM at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg every 12 h plus hCG was used to induce LUFs and investigate the intrafollicular endocrine milieu. No LUFs were induced by reLH or PGF2α treatment; however, LUFs were induced in 100% of mares using FM. Intrafollicular PGF2α metabolite, PGF2α, and PGE2were lower and the ratio of PGE2:PGF2α was higher in the induced LUF group. Higher levels of intrafollicular E2 and total primary sex steroids were observed in the induced LUF group along with a tendency for higher levels of GH, cortisol, and T; however, LH, PRL, VEGF-A, and NO did not differ between groups. In conclusion, this study reveals part of the intrafollicular endocrine milieu and the association of prostaglandins in LUF formation, and indicates that the mare might be an appropriate model for studying the poorly understood LUF syndrome.
Collapse
|
32
|
Bashir ST, Ishak GM, Gastal MO, Roser JF, Gastal EL. Changes in intrafollicular concentrations of free IGF-1, activin A, inhibin A, VEGF, estradiol, and prolactin before ovulation in mares. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1491-8. [PMID: 26895618 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in intrafollicular growth factors and hormones were evaluated in vivo in postdeviation and impending ovulation follicles. Mares (n = 30) were randomly assigned to five experimental groups based on target diameters of 25, 30, 35, 40 mm, and impending signs of ovulation. Furthermore, data belonging to two or more proximal diameter groups that were not different were combined and regrouped for each factor separately. Follicular fluid-free insulin-like growth factor 1 was highest (P < 0.003) in 35-mm follicles, followed by the 40-mm and impending ovulation follicle group, and the 25- to 30-mm follicle group. However, concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 in follicular fluid did not differ (P > 0.05) among groups. Additionally, follicular fluid activin A tended (P < 0.06) to be higher in impending ovulation follicles when compared with the 25- to 40-mm follicle group. Concentrations of intrafollicular estradiol were higher (P < 0.0001) in 40-mm and impending ovulation follicles than in the other follicle groups. Follicular fluid concentrations of inhibin A and vascular endothelial growth factor were lower (P < 0.05) in the 40-mm and the impending ovulation follicle group when compared with the 25- to 35-mm follicle group. Systemic and intrafollicular prolactin levels were lower (P < 0.05) in the impending ovulation group when compared with the 25- to 40-mm follicle group. Prolactin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in the follicular fluid than in the plasma. The novel findings of this study, a decrease in intrafollicular-free insulin-like growth factor 1, inhibin A, vascular endothelial growth factor, and prolactin during the final stages of follicular growth, document for the first time the occurrence of dynamic changes among intrafollicular factors and hormones during the stages of follicle dominance and as ovulation approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Bashir
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - G M Ishak
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - M O Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - J F Roser
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - E L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Castro T, Oliveira FA, Siddiqui MAR, Baldrighi JM, Wolf CA, Ginther OJ. Stimulation of LH, FSH, and luteal blood flow by GnRH during the luteal phase in mares. Theriogenology 2015; 85:740-6. [PMID: 26600292 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A study was performed on the effect of a single dose per mare of 0 (n = 9), 100 (n = 8), or 300 (n = 9) of GnRH on Day 10 (Day 0 = ovulation) on concentrations of LH, FSH, and progesterone (P4) and blood flow to the CL ovary. Hormone concentration and blood flow measurements were performed at hours 0 (hour of treatment), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Blood flow was assessed by spectral Doppler ultrasonography for resistance to blood flow in an ovarian artery before entry into the CL ovary. The percentage of the CL with color Doppler signals of blood flow was estimated from videotapes of real-time color Doppler imaging by an operator who was unaware of mare identity, hour, or treatment dose. Concentrations of LH and FSH increased (P < 0.05) at hour 0.25 and decreased (P < 0.05) over hours 1 to 6; P4 concentration was not altered by treatment. Blood flow resistance decreased between hours 0 and 1, but the decrease was greater (P < 0.05) for the 100-μg dose than for the 300-μg dose. The percentage of CL with blood flow signals increased (P < 0.05) between hours 0 and 1 with no significant difference between the 100- and 300-μg doses. The results supported the hypothesis that GnRH increases LH concentration, vascular perfusion of the CL ovary, and CL blood flow during the luteal phase; however, P4 concentration was not affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Castro
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - F A Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - M A R Siddiqui
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J M Baldrighi
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - C A Wolf
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pinaffi FL, Santos ÉS, Silva MGD, Maturana Filho M, Madureira EH, Silva LA. Follicle and corpus luteum size and vascularity as predictors of fertility at the time of artificial insemination and embryo transfer in beef cattle. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000500015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Two ultrasound based fertility prediction methods were tested prior to embryo transfer (ET) and artificial insemination (AI) in cattle. Female bovines were submitted to estrous synchronization prior to ET and AI. Animals were scanned immediately before ET and AI procedure to target follicle and corpus luteum (CL) size and vascularity. In addition, inseminated animals were also scanned eleven days after insemination to target CL size and vascularity. All data was compared with fertility by using gestational diagnosis 35 days after ovulation. Prior to ET, CL vascularity showed a positive correlation with fertility, and no pregnancy occurred in animals with less than 40% of CL vascularity. Prior to AI and also eleven days after AI, no relationship with fertility was seen in all parameters analyzed (follicle and CL size and vascularity), and contrary, cows with CL vascularity greater than 70% exhibit lower fertility. In inseminated animals, follicle size and vascularity was positive related with CL size and vascularity, as shown by the presence of greater CL size and vascularity originated from follicle with also greater size and vascularity. This is the first time that ultrasound based fertility prediction methods were tested prior to ET and AI and showed an application in ET, but not in AI programs. Further studies are needed including hormone profile evaluation to improve conclusion.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ginther OJ. How ultrasound technologies have expanded and revolutionized research in reproduction in large animals. Theriogenology 2014; 81:112-25. [PMID: 24274416 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gray-scale ultrasonic imaging (UI) was introduced in 1980 and initially was used to examine clinically the reproductive tract of mares. By 1983 in mares and 1984 in heifers/cows, UI had become a tool for basic research. In each species, transrectal gray-scale UI has been used extensively to characterize follicle dynamics and investigate the gonadotropic control and hormonal role of the follicles. However, the use of transrectal UI has also disclosed and characterized many other aspects of reproduction in each species, including (1) endometrial echotexture as a biological indicator of circulating estradiol concentrations, (2) relative location of the genital tubercle for fetal gender diagnosis by Days 50 to 60, and (3) timing of follicle evacuation during ovulation. Discoveries in mares include (1) embryo mobility wherein the spherical conceptus (6-16 mm) travels to all parts of the uterus on Days 11 to 15, (2) how one embryo of a twin set eliminates the other without self-inflicted damage, and (3) serration of the granulosum of the preovulatory follicle opposite to the future rupture site as an indicator of imminent ovulation. Studies with color-Doppler UI have shown that vascular perfusion of the endometrium follows the equine embryo back and forth between uterine horns and follows the expansion of the bovine allantochorion throughout each horn. In heifers, blood flow in the CL increases during the ascending portion of an individual pulse of PGF2α metabolite and then decreases. These examples highlight the power of UI in reproduction research. Without UI, it is likely that these and many other findings would still be unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Siddiqui M, Ginther O. Switching of largest follicle from dominant to subordinate status when follicle and CL are in same ovary in heifers. Theriogenology 2014; 82:259-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
37
|
Characterization of follicle and CL development in beef heifers using high resolution three-dimensional ultrasonography. Theriogenology 2014; 81:407-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
38
|
Pinaffi F, Pugliesi G, Hannan M, Silva L, Beg M, Ginther O. Direct effect of PGF2α pulses on PRL pulses, based on inhibition of PRL or PGF2α secretion in heifers. Theriogenology 2012; 78:678-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
39
|
Altermatt J, Marolf A, Wrigley R, Carnevale E. Effects of FSH and LH on ovarian and follicular blood flow, follicular growth and oocyte developmental competence in young and old mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 133:191-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
40
|
Abstract
Ultrasonography has become indispensable in the control of equine reproduction. Mare ovary layers are inverted with respect to other species, with the follicles and corpus luteum found inside the ovary; only large follicles protrude from the organ's surface. This renders the making of diagnoses via rectal palpation of the ovaries very difficult. Ultrasound imaging, however, provides another avenue of examination. Since its first use in 1980, the diagnostic potential of ultrasonography has greatly improved. Colour Doppler ultrasonography can even asses blood flow, allowing for much better monitoring of ovarian activity. This study discusses the use of ultrasound, and in particular colour Doppler ultrasonography, in the monitoring of mare ovarian function and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Miro
- Equine Reproduction Service, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelone, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abo-El maaty AM, El-Shahat K. Hormonal and biochemical serum assay in relation to the estrous cycle and follicular growth in Arabian mare. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
42
|
The mare: A 1000-pound guinea pig for study of the ovulatory follicular wave in women. Theriogenology 2012; 77:818-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
43
|
Cuervo-Arango J, Beg M, Ginther O. Follicle and systemic hormone interrelationships during induction of luteinized unruptured follicles with a prostaglandin inhibitor in mares. Theriogenology 2011; 76:361-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
44
|
Ginther O, Cuervo-Arango J, Beg M. Disruption of periovulatory FSH and LH surges during induced anovulation by an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 126:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
45
|
Derar RI, Hussein HA. Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during the Estrous Cycle in Jennies in Upper Egypt. Vet Med Int 2011; 2011:860518. [PMID: 21647342 PMCID: PMC3103865 DOI: 10.4061/2011/860518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to describe follicular dynamics in Egyptian Jennies throughout the estrous cycle. In this experiment, 8 estrus cycles in 8 cyclic Jennies were studied from February to June using ultrasonography. The result revealed that one follicular wave per cycle was recorded throughout the studied period. Dominant follicle (DF) was firstly detected at -0.80 ± 0.84 day in Jennies. The growth rate of DF was 2.32 ± 0.18 mm/day. Left ovulations were nonsignificantly (P = .07) more than right ovulations (55.6% versus 44.6%). The CL was firstly detected at D 2.58 ± 1.2, developed in a rate of 1.19 ± 0.07 mm/day, reached a maximum diameter of 30.77 ± 1.28 mm at D 13.0 ± 0.70, and started to regress on D 17.05 ± 0.64 with a mean regression rate of 1.75 ± 0.17 mm d(-1). Results of the present study indicated that Jennies had one follicular wave per cycle. The Day of the cycle has a significant effect on the number of different classes of the ovarian follicles, but not large ones. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the preovulatory follicles could be useful to predict ovulation. CL developed and regressed in a slow rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R I Derar
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aslan S, Arslanbas D, Beindorff N, Bollwein H. Effects of Induction of Ovulation with GnRH or hCG on Follicular and Luteal Blood Flow in Holstein-Friesian Heifers. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:781-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
47
|
Role of increased estradiol on altering the follicle diameters and gonadotropin concentrations that have been reported for double-ovulating heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:335-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
Short-term feed restriction decreases the systemic and intrafollicular concentrations of leptin and increases the vascularity of the preovulatory follicle in mares. Theriogenology 2010; 73:1202-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
49
|
Kauffold J, von dem Bussche B, Failing K, Wehrend A, Wendt M. Use of B-mode ultrasound and grey-scale analysis to study uterine echogenicity in the pig. J Reprod Dev 2010; 56:444-8. [PMID: 20484871 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.09-220t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine uterine echogenicity by grey-scale analysis (GSA) and transcutaneous ultrasonography in pregnant sows (P-sows; n=16) and gilts (P-gilts; n=13) vs. cyclic gilts (C-gilts; n=9) between days 8 and 16 post ovulation (po) with the aims of testing for feasibility of uterine GSA and of gathering reference data. Estruses and ovulations were hormonally synchronized and the animals artificially inseminated. Ovulation was monitored by ultrasound. The equipment used was a HS 2000 ultrasound unit and a 5 MHz linear probe. Unit settings were standardized for all GSA scanning sessions and the animals crated during scanning. For GSA, cross-sections of the uterine horns were imaged, entirely defined as regions of interest, and pixel analyses done. A total of 342 scanning sessions were performed, 341 GSA accomplished, and 1-13 cross-sections analyzed per session. Comparison of coefficients of variation suggests that analysis of two cross-sections per session is sufficient for a reliable GSA per animal. P-sows and P-gilts were similar in their echogenicity course, but differed from C-gilts. Most noticeable, echogenicity declined in pregnant animals on day 12 po, while it increased in cyclic gilts. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that GSA using transcutaneous ultrasound is a feasible procedure for the determination of uterine echogenicity in the pig, and that pregnant and cyclic pigs differ in the uterine echogenicity, particularly during the time when maternal recognition of pregnancy occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kauffold
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19348, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Siddiqui MAR, Ferreira JC, Gastal EL, Beg MA, Cooper DA, Ginther OJ. Temporal relationships of the LH surge and ovulation to echotexture and power Doppler signals of blood flow in the wall of the preovulatory follicle in heifers. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:1110-7. [DOI: 10.1071/rd09251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in echotexture and blood flow in the wall of preovulatory follicles in heifers were studied in relation to the LH surge and ovulation in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-induced (n = 7; Experiment 1) and spontaneous (n = 8; Experiment 2) ovulators. Ultrasonographic examinations and blood sampling were performed either every hour (Experiment 1) or every 6 h (Experiment 2). The interval from LH peak to ovulation in induced and spontaneous ovulators was 27.1 ± 0.3 and 34.5 ± 1.5 h, respectively. Follicle diameter did not increase between the LH peak and ovulation. In the induced ovulators, serration of the stratum granulosum was detected in one (14%), two (29%), three (43%) and four (57%) heifers at 4, 3, 2 and 1 h before ovulation, respectively. An initial increase in blood flow (P < 0.001) encompassed the LH peak in both experiments. In the induced ovulators, blood flow increased (P < 0.02) to maximum 3 h after the LH peak, maintained a plateau for 5 h, decreased (P < 0.05) between 9 and 14 h, increased (P < 0.05) again between 19 and 21 h and then decreased (P < 0.01) between 25 and 26 h (1 h before ovulation). The biphasic increase and decrease in blood flow and serration of the granulosum in the wall of the preovulatory follicle in cattle are novel findings.
Collapse
|