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Fields PD, Jalinsky JR, Bankers L, McElroy KE, Sharbrough J, Higgins C, Morgan-Richards M, Boore JL, Neiman M, Logsdon JM. Genome Evolution and Introgression in the New Zealand mud Snails Potamopyrgus estuarinus and Potamopyrgus kaitunuparaoa. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae091. [PMID: 38776329 PMCID: PMC11110935 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We have sequenced, assembled, and analyzed the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and transcriptomes of Potamopyrgus estuarinus and Potamopyrgus kaitunuparaoa, two prosobranch snail species native to New Zealand that together span the continuum from estuary to freshwater. These two species are the closest known relatives of the freshwater species Potamopyrgus antipodarum-a model for studying the evolution of sex, host-parasite coevolution, and biological invasiveness-and thus provide key evolutionary context for understanding its unusual biology. The P. estuarinus and P. kaitunuparaoa genomes are very similar in size and overall gene content. Comparative analyses of genome content indicate that these two species harbor a near-identical set of genes involved in meiosis and sperm functions, including seven genes with meiosis-specific functions. These results are consistent with obligate sexual reproduction in these two species and provide a framework for future analyses of P. antipodarum-a species comprising both obligately sexual and obligately asexual lineages, each separately derived from a sexual ancestor. Genome-wide multigene phylogenetic analyses indicate that P. kaitunuparaoa is likely the closest relative to P. antipodarum. We nevertheless show that there has been considerable introgression between P. estuarinus and P. kaitunuparaoa. That introgression does not extend to the mitochondrial genome, which appears to serve as a barrier to hybridization between P. estuarinus and P. kaitunuparaoa. Nuclear-encoded genes whose products function in joint mitochondrial-nuclear enzyme complexes exhibit similar patterns of nonintrogression, indicating that incompatibilities between the mitochondrial and the nuclear genome may have prevented more extensive gene flow between these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Fields
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel 4051, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Bankers
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kyle E McElroy
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Joel Sharbrough
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA
| | - Chelsea Higgins
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University Manawatū, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey L Boore
- Phenome Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maurine Neiman
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Gender, Women's, and Sexuality Studies, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John M Logsdon
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Farleigh K, Ascanio A, Farleigh ME, Schield DR, Card DC, Leal M, Castoe TA, Jezkova T, Rodríguez-Robles JA. Signals of differential introgression in the genome of natural hybrids of Caribbean anoles. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6000-6017. [PMID: 37861454 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization facilitates recombination between divergent genetic lineages and can be shaped by both neutral and selective processes. Upon hybridization, loci with no net fitness effects introgress randomly from parental species into the genomes of hybrid individuals. Conversely, alleles from one parental species at some loci may provide a selective advantage to hybrids, resulting in patterns of introgression that do not conform to random expectations. We investigated genomic patterns of differential introgression in natural hybrids of two species of Caribbean anoles, Anolis pulchellus and A. krugi in Puerto Rico. Hybrids exhibit A. pulchellus phenotypes but possess A. krugi mitochondrial DNA, originated from multiple, independent hybridization events, and appear to have replaced pure A. pulchellus across a large area in western Puerto Rico. Combining genome-wide SNP datasets with bioinformatic methods to identify signals of differential introgression in hybrids, we demonstrate that the genomes of hybrids are dominated by pulchellus-derived alleles and show only 10%-20% A. krugi ancestry. The majority of A. krugi loci in hybrids exhibit a signal of non-random differential introgression and include loci linked to genes involved in development and immune function. Three of these genes (delta like canonical notch ligand 1, jagged1 and notch receptor 1) affect cell differentiation and growth and interact with mitochondrial function. Our results suggest that differential non-random introgression for a subset of loci may be driven by selection favouring the inheritance of compatible mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded genes in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keaka Farleigh
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Drew R Schield
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Daren C Card
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuel Leal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Todd A Castoe
- Department of Biology, University of Texas, Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Tereza Jezkova
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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Nagarajan‐Radha V, Cordina N, Beekman M. Diet and mitonuclear haplotype interactions affect growth rate in a slime mould. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10508. [PMID: 37674651 PMCID: PMC10477482 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait expression in metazoans is strongly influenced by the balance of macronutrients (i.e. protein, carbohydrate and fat) in the diet. At the same time, an individual's genetic background seems to regulate the magnitude of phenotypic response to a particular diet. It needs to be better understood whether interactions between diet, genetic background and trait expression are found in unicellular eukaryotes. A protist-the slime mould, Physarum polycephalum can choose diets based on protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) content to support optimal growth rate. Yet, the role of genetic background (variation in the mitochondrial and nuclear DNAs) in mediating growth rate response to dietary P:C ratios in the slime mould is unknown. Here, we studied the effects of interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA haplotypes and diet (i.e. G × G × E interactions) on the growth rate of P. polycephalum. A genetic panel of six distinct strains of P. polycephalum that differ in their mitochondrial and nuclear DNA haplotypes was used to measure growth rate across five diets that varied in their P:C ratio and total calories. We first determined the strains' growth rate (total biomass and surface area) when grown on a set menu with access to a particular diet. We then assessed whether the growth rate of strains increased on a buffet menu with access to all diets. Our findings show that the growth rate of P. polycephalum is generally higher on diets containing more carbohydrates than protein and that total calories negatively affect the growth rate. Three-way interactions between mitochondrial, nuclear haplotypes and dietary P:C ratios affected the strains' surface area of growth but not biomass. Intriguingly, strains did not increase their surface area and biomass when they had access to all diets on the buffet menu. Our findings have broad implications for our understanding of the effect of mitonuclear interactions on trait expression across diverse eukaryotic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Nagarajan‐Radha
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Natalie Cordina
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Madeleine Beekman
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Lab, School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
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4
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Estes S, Dietz ZP, Katju V, Bergthorsson U. Evolutionary codependency: insights into the mitonuclear interaction landscape from experimental and wild Caenorhabditis nematodes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102081. [PMID: 37421904 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Aided by new technologies, the upsurgence of research into mitochondrial genome biology during the past 15 years suggests that we have misunderstood, and perhaps dramatically underestimated, the ongoing biological and evolutionary significance of our long-time symbiotic partner. While we have begun to scratch the surface of several topics, many questions regarding the nature of mutation and selection in the mitochondrial genome, and the nature of its relationship to the nuclear genome, remain unanswered. Although best known for their contributions to studies of developmental and aging biology, Caenorhabditis nematodes are increasingly recognized as excellent model systems to advance understanding in these areas. We review recent discoveries with relevance to mitonuclear coevolution and conflict and offer several fertile areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Estes
- Portland State University, Department of Biology, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Zachary P Dietz
- Portland State University, Department of Biology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Vaishali Katju
- Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Genetics, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulfar Bergthorsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Genetics, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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Dobson AJ, Voigt S, Kumpitsch L, Langer L, Voigt E, Ibrahim R, Dowling DK, Reinhardt K. Mitonuclear interactions shape both direct and parental effects of diet on fitness and involve a SNP in mitoribosomal 16s rRNA. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002218. [PMID: 37603597 PMCID: PMC10441796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a primary determinant of health, but responses to nutrition vary with genotype. Epistasis between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes may cause some of this variation, but which mitochondrial loci and nutrients participate in complex gene-by-gene-by-diet interactions? Furthermore, it remains unknown whether mitonuclear epistasis is involved only in the immediate responses to changes in diet, or whether mitonuclear genotype might modulate sensitivity to variation in parental nutrition, to shape intergenerational fitness responses. Here, in Drosophila melanogaster, we show that mitonuclear epistasis shapes fitness responses to variation in dietary lipids and amino acids. We also show that mitonuclear genotype modulates the parental effect of dietary lipid and amino acid variation on offspring fitness. Effect sizes for the interactions between diet, mitogenotype, and nucleogenotype were equal to or greater than the main effect of diet for some traits, suggesting that dietary impacts cannot be understood without first accounting for these interactions. Associating phenotype to mtDNA variation in a subset of populations implicated a C/T polymorphism in mt:lrRNA, which encodes the 16S rRNA of the mitochondrial ribosome. This association suggests that directionally different responses to dietary changes can result from variants on mtDNA that do not change protein coding sequence, dependent on epistatic interactions with variation in the nuclear genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Dobson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Applied Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Voigt
- Applied Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa Kumpitsch
- Applied Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucas Langer
- Applied Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emmely Voigt
- Applied Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rita Ibrahim
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Damian K. Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- Applied Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Velazco-Cruz L, Ross JA. Genetic architecture and temporal analysis of Caenorhabditis briggsae hybrid developmental delay. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272843. [PMID: 35951524 PMCID: PMC9371335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the alleles that reduce hybrid fitness is a major goal in the study of speciation genetics. It is rare to identify systems in which hybrid incompatibilities with minor phenotypic effects are segregating in genetically diverse populations of the same biological species. Such traits do not themselves cause reproductive isolation but might initiate the process. In the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae, a small percent of F2 generation hybrids between two natural populations suffer from developmental delay, in which adulthood is reached after approximately 33% more time than their wild-type siblings. Prior efforts to identify the genetic basis for this hybrid incompatibility assessed linkage using one or two genetic markers on chromosome III and suggested that delay is caused by a toxin-antidote element. Here, we have genotyped F2 hybrids using multiple chromosome III markers to refine the developmental delay locus. Also, to better define the developmental delay phenotype, we measured the development rate of 66 F2 hybrids and found that delay is not restricted to a particular larval developmental stage. Deviation of the developmental delay frequency from hypothetical expectations for a toxin-antidote element adds support to the assertion that the epistatic interaction is not fully penetrant. Our mapping and refinement of the delay phenotype motivates future efforts to study the genetic architecture of hybrid dysfunction between genetically distinct populations of one species by identifying the underlying loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Velazco-Cruz
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Ross
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Physiological aspects of sex differences and Haldane's rule in Rumex hastatulus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11145. [PMID: 35778518 PMCID: PMC9249882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Haldane's rule (HR, impairment of fertility and/or viability of interracial hybrids) seems to be one of few generalizations in evolutionary biology. The validity of HR has been confirmed in animals, and more recently in some dioecious plants (Silene and Rumex). Dioecious Rumex hastatulus has two races differing in the sex chromosome system: Texas (T) and North Carolina (NC), and T × NC males showed both reduced pollen fertility and rarity-two classical symptoms of Haldane's rule (HR). The reduced fertility of these plants has a simple mechanistic explanation, but the reason for their rarity was not elucidated. Here, we measured selected physiological parameters related to the antioxidant defense system in parental races and reciprocal hybrids of R. hastatulus. We showed that the X-autosome configurations, as well as asymmetries associated with Y chromosomes and cytoplasm, could modulate this system in hybrids. The levels and quantitative patterns of the measured parameters distinguish the T × NC hybrid from the other analyzed forms. Our observations suggest that the rarity of T × NC males is caused postzygotically and most likely related to the higher level of oxidative stress induced by the chromosomal incompatibilities. It is the first report on the physiological aspects of HR in plants.
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Bever BW, Dietz ZP, Sullins JA, Montoya AM, Bergthorsson U, Katju V, Estes S. Mitonuclear Mismatch is Associated With Increased Male Frequency, Outcrossing, and Male Sperm Size in Experimentally-Evolved C. elegans. Front Genet 2022; 13:742272. [PMID: 35360860 PMCID: PMC8961728 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.742272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a partial test of the mitonuclear sex hypothesis with the first controlled study of how male frequencies and rates of outcrossing evolve in response to mitonuclear mismatch by allowing replicate lineages of C. elegans nematodes containing either mitochondrial or nuclear mutations of electron transport chain (ETC) genes to evolve under three sexual systems: facultatively outcrossing (wildtype), obligately selfing, and obligately outcrossing. Among facultatively outcrossing lines, we found evolution of increased male frequency in at least one replicate line of all four ETC mutant backgrounds tested—nuclear isp-1, mitochondrial cox-1 and ctb-1, and an isp-1 IV; ctb-1M mitonuclear double mutant—and confirmed for a single line set (cox-1) that increased male frequency also resulted in successful outcrossing. We previously found the same result for lines evolved from another nuclear ETC mutant, gas-1. For several lines in the current experiment, however, male frequency declined to wildtype levels (near 0%) in later generations. Male frequency did not change in lines evolved from a wildtype control strain. Additional phenotypic assays of lines evolved from the mitochondrial cox-1 mutant indicated that evolution of high male frequency was accompanied by evolution of increased male sperm size and mating success with tester females, but that it did not translate into increased mating success with coevolved hermaphrodites. Rather, hermaphrodites’ self-crossed reproductive fitness increased, consistent with sexually antagonistic coevolution. In accordance with evolutionary theory, males and sexual outcrossing may be most beneficial to populations evolving from a state of low ancestral fitness (gas-1, as previously reported) and less beneficial or deleterious to those evolving from a state of higher ancestral fitness (cox-1). In support of this idea, the obligately outcrossing fog-2 V; cox-1 M lines exhibited no fitness evolution compared to their ancestor, while facultatively outcrossing lines showed slight upward evolution of fitness, and all but one of the obligately selfing xol-1 X; cox-1 M lines evolved substantially increased fitness—even beyond wildtype levels. This work provides a foundation to directly test the effect of reproductive mode on the evolutionary dynamics of mitonuclear genomes, as well as whether compensatory mutations (nuclear or mitochondrial) can rescue populations from mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent W. Bever
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Zachary P. Dietz
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Sullins
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ariana M. Montoya
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ulfar Bergthorsson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Vaishali Katju
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Suzanne Estes
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Suzanne Estes,
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Burton RS. The role of mitonuclear incompatibilities in allopatric speciation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:103. [PMID: 35091831 PMCID: PMC11072163 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic metabolism in eukaryotic cells requires extensive interactions between products of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Rapid evolution of the mitochondrial genome, including fixation of both adaptive and deleterious mutations, creates intrinsic selection pressures favoring nuclear gene mutations that maintain mitochondrial function. As this process occurs independently in allopatry, the resulting divergence between conspecific populations can subsequently be manifest in mitonuclear incompatibilities in inter-population hybrids. Such incompatibilities, mitonuclear versions of Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities that form the standard model for allopatric speciation, can potentially restrict gene flow between populations, ultimately resulting in varying degrees of reproductive isolation. The potential role of mitonuclear incompatibilities in speciation is further enhanced where mtDNA substitution rates are elevated compared to the nuclear genome and where population structure maintains allopatry for adequate time to evolve multiple mitonuclear incompatibilities. However, the fact that mitochondrial introgression occurs across species boundaries has raised questions regarding the efficacy of mitonuclear incompatibilities in reducing gene flow. Several scenarios now appear to satisfactorily explain this phenomenon, including cases where differences in mtDNA genetic load may drive introgression or where co-introgression of coadapted nuclear genes may support the function of introgressed mtDNA. Although asymmetries in reproductive isolation between taxa are consistent with mitonuclear incompatibilities, interactions between autosomes and sex chromosomes yield similar predictions that are difficult to disentangle. With regard to establishing reproductive isolation while in allopatry, existing studies clearly suggest that mitonuclear incompatibilities can contribute to the evolution of barriers to gene flow. However, there is to date relatively little definitive evidence supporting a primary role for mitonuclear incompatibilities in the speciation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Burton
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0202, USA.
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10
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Allison TM, Radzvilavicius AL, Dowling DK. Selection for biparental inheritance of mitochondria under hybridization and mitonuclear fitness interactions. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211600. [PMID: 34875196 PMCID: PMC8651416 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniparental inheritance (UPI) of mitochondria predominates over biparental inheritance (BPI) in most eukaryotes. However, examples of BPI of mitochondria, or paternal leakage, are becoming increasingly prevalent. Most reported cases of BPI occur in hybrids of distantly related sub-populations. It is thought that BPI in these cases is maladaptive; caused by a failure of female or zygotic autophagy machinery to recognize divergent male-mitochondrial DNA ‘tags’. Yet recent theory has put forward examples in which BPI can evolve under adaptive selection, and empirical studies across numerous metazoan taxa have demonstrated outbreeding depression in hybrids attributable to disruption of population-specific mitochondrial and nuclear genotypes (mitonuclear mismatch). Based on these developments, we hypothesize that BPI may be favoured by selection in hybridizing populations when fitness is shaped by mitonuclear interactions. We test this idea using a deterministic, simulation-based population genetic model and demonstrate that BPI is favoured over strict UPI under moderate levels of gene flow typical of hybridizing populations. Our model suggests that BPI may be stable, rather than a transient phenomenon, in hybridizing populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom M Allison
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Damian K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Mitonuclear mismatch alters nuclear gene expression in naturally introgressed Rhinolophus bats. Front Zool 2021; 18:42. [PMID: 34488775 PMCID: PMC8419968 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial function involves the interplay between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Such mitonuclear interactions can be disrupted by the introgression of mitochondrial DNA between taxa or divergent populations. Previous studies of several model systems (e.g. Drosophila) indicate that the disruption of mitonuclear interactions, termed mitonuclear mismatch, can alter nuclear gene expression, yet few studies have focused on natural populations. Results Here we study a naturally introgressed population in the secondary contact zone of two subspecies of the intermediate horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus affinis), in which individuals possess either mitonuclear matched or mismatched genotypes. We generated transcriptome data for six tissue types from five mitonuclear matched and five mismatched individuals. Our results revealed strong tissue-specific effects of mitonuclear mismatch on nuclear gene expression with the largest effect seen in pectoral muscle. Moreover, consistent with the hypothesis that genes associated with the response to oxidative stress may be upregulated in mitonuclear mismatched individuals, we identified several such gene candidates, including DNASE1L3, GPx3 and HSPB6 in muscle, and ISG15 and IFI6 in heart. Conclusion Our study reveals how mitonuclear mismatch arising from introgression in natural populations is likely to have fitness consequences. Underlying the processes that maintain mitonuclear discordance is a step forward to understand the role of mitonuclear interactions in population divergence and speciation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12983-021-00424-x.
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12
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de Melo Teixeira M, Lang BF, Matute DR, Stajich JE, Barker BM. Mitochondrial genomes of the human pathogens Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab132. [PMID: 33871031 PMCID: PMC8496281 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungal mitochondrial genomes encode genes involved in crucial cellular processes, such as oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial translation, and the molecule has been used as a molecular marker for population genetics studies. Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii are endemic fungal pathogens that cause coccidioidomycosis in arid regions across both American continents. To date, approximately 150 Coccidioides isolates have been sequenced to infer patterns of variation in nuclear genomes. However, less attention has been given to the mitochondrial genomes of Coccidioides. In this report, we describe the assembly and annotation of mitochondrial reference genomes for two representative strains of C. posadasii and C. immitis, as well as assess population variation among 77 selected genomes. The sizes of the circular-mapping molecules are 68.2 Kb in C. immitis and 75.1 Kb in C. posadasii. We identify 14 mitochondrial protein-coding genes common to most fungal mitochondria, which are largely syntenic across different populations and species of Coccidioides. Both Coccidioides species are characterized by a large number of group I and II introns, harboring twice the number of elements as compared to closely related Onygenales. The introns contain complete or truncated ORFs with high similarity to homing endonucleases of the LAGLIDADG and GIY-YIG families. Phylogenetic comparisons of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes show extensive phylogenetic discordance suggesting that the evolution of the two types of genetic material is not identical. This work represents the first assessment of mitochondrial genomes among isolates of both species of Coccidioides, and provides a foundation for future functional work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus de Melo Teixeira
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília-DF, Brasília, Federal District 70910-3300, Brazil
| | - B Franz Lang
- Robert Cedergren Centre for Bioinformatics and Génomiques, Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jason E Stajich
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Bridget M Barker
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Stem cell plasticity and regenerative potential regulation through Ca 2+-mediated mitochondrial nuclear crosstalk. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:1-14. [PMID: 33059088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multi-lineage differentiation potential is one of the prominent mechanisms through which stem cells can repair damaged tissues. The regenerative potential of stem cells is the manifestation of several changes at the structural and molecular levels in stem cells that are regulated through intricate mitochondrial-nuclear interactions maintained by Ca2+ ion signaling. Despite the exhilarating evidences strengthening the versatile and indispensible role of Ca2+ in regulating mitochondrial-nuclear interactions, the extensive details of signaling mechanisms remains largely unexplored. In this review we have discussed the effect of Ca2+ ion mediated mitochondrial-nuclear interactions participating in stem plasticity and its regenerative potential.
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14
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Asymmetric Fitness of Second-Generation Interspecific Hybrids Between Ciona robusta and Ciona intestinalis. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:2697-2711. [PMID: 32518083 PMCID: PMC7407461 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive isolation is central to speciation, but interspecific crosses between two closely related species can produce viable and fertile hybrids. Two different species of tunicates in the same ascidian genus, Ciona robusta and Ciona intestinalis, can produce hybrids. However, wild sympatric populations display limited gene flow, suggesting the existence of obstacles to interspecific reproduction that remain unknown. Here, we took advantage of a closed culture system to cross C. robusta with C. intestinalis and established F1 and F2 hybrids. We monitored post-embryonic development, survival, and sexual maturation to characterize the genetic basis of simple traits, and further probe the physiological mechanisms underlying reproductive isolation. Partial viability of first and second generation hybrids suggested that both pre- and postzygotic mechanisms contributed to genomic incompatibilities in hybrids. We observed asymmetric fitness, whereby the C. intestinalis maternal lines fared more poorly in our system, pointing to maternal origins of species-specific sensitivity. We discuss the possibility that asymmetrical second generation inviability and infertility emerge from interspecific incompatibilities between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, or other maternal effect genes. This work paves the way to quantitative genetic approaches to study the mechanisms underlying genomic incompatibilities and other complex traits in the genome-enabled Ciona model.
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15
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Rank NE, Mardulyn P, Heidl SJ, Roberts KT, Zavala NA, Smiley JT, Dahlhoff EP. Mitonuclear mismatch alters performance and reproductive success in naturally introgressed populations of a montane leaf beetle. Evolution 2020; 74:1724-1740. [PMID: 32246837 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coordination between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is critical to metabolic processes underlying animals' ability to adapt to local environments, yet consequences of mitonuclear interactions have rarely been investigated in populations where individuals with divergent mitochondrial and nuclear genomes naturally interbreed. Genetic variation in the leaf beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis was assessed along a latitudinal thermal gradient in California's Sierra Nevada. Variation at mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII) and the nuclear gene phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) shows concordance and was significantly greater along a 65 km transect than 10 other loci. STRUCTURE analyses using neutral loci identified a southern and northern subpopulation, which interbreed in the central drainage Bishop Creek. COII and PGI were used as indicators of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic variation in field and laboratory experiments conducted on beetles from this admixed population. Fecundity, larval development rate, running speed and male mating frequency were higher for beetles with geographically "matched" than "mismatched" mitonuclear genotypes. Effects of mitonuclear mismatch were largest for individuals with northern nuclear genotypes possessing southern mitochondria and were most pronounced after heat treatment or at high elevation. These findings suggest that mitonuclear incompatibility diminishes performance and reproductive success in nature, effects that could intensify at environmental extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Rank
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, 94928.,White Mountain Research Center, University of California, Bishop, California, 93514
| | - Patrick Mardulyn
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Sarah J Heidl
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, 94928.,White Mountain Research Center, University of California, Bishop, California, 93514
| | - Kevin T Roberts
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, 94928.,White Mountain Research Center, University of California, Bishop, California, 93514.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Nicolas A Zavala
- White Mountain Research Center, University of California, Bishop, California, 93514.,Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, 95053
| | - John T Smiley
- White Mountain Research Center, University of California, Bishop, California, 93514
| | - Elizabeth P Dahlhoff
- White Mountain Research Center, University of California, Bishop, California, 93514.,Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, 95053
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16
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Vaught RC, Voigt S, Dobler R, Clancy DJ, Reinhardt K, Dowling DK. Interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes confer sex-specific effects on lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:694-713. [PMID: 32053259 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation outside of the cell nucleus can affect the phenotype. The cytoplasm is home to the mitochondria, and in arthropods often hosts intracellular bacteria such as Wolbachia. Although numerous studies have implicated epistatic interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genetic variation as mediators of phenotypic expression, two questions remain. Firstly, it remains unclear whether outcomes of cyto-nuclear interactions will manifest differently across the sexes, as might be predicted given that cytoplasmic genomes are screened by natural selection only through females as a consequence of their maternal inheritance. Secondly, the relative contribution of mitochondrial genetic variation to other cytoplasmic sources of variation, such as Wolbachia infection, in shaping phenotypic outcomes of cyto-nuclear interactions remains unknown. Here, we address these questions, creating a fully crossed set of replicated cyto-nuclear populations derived from three geographically distinct populations of Drosophila melanogaster, measuring the lifespan of males and females from each population. We observed that cyto-nuclear interactions shape lifespan and that the outcomes of these interactions differ across the sexes. Yet, we found no evidence that placing the cytoplasms from one population alongside the nuclear background of others (generating putative cyto-nuclear mismatches) leads to decreased lifespan in either sex. Although it was difficult to partition mitochondrial from Wolbachia effects, our results suggest at least some of the cytoplasmic genotypic contribution to lifespan was directly mediated by an effect of sequence variation in the mtDNA. Future work should explore the degree to which cyto-nuclear interactions result in sex differences in the expression of other components of organismal life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Vaught
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Susanne Voigt
- Faculty of Biology, Applied Zoology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralph Dobler
- Faculty of Biology, Applied Zoology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David J Clancy
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- Faculty of Biology, Applied Zoology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Damian K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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17
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Tobler M, Barts N, Greenway R. Mitochondria and the Origin of Species: Bridging Genetic and Ecological Perspectives on Speciation Processes. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:900-911. [PMID: 31004483 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have been known to be involved in speciation through the generation of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities, where functionally neutral co-evolution between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes can cause dysfunction when alleles are recombined in hybrids. We propose that adaptive mitochondrial divergence between populations can not only produce intrinsic (Dobzhansky-Muller) incompatibilities, but could also contribute to reproductive isolation through natural and sexual selection against migrants, post-mating prezygotic isolation, as well as by causing extrinsic reductions in hybrid fitness. We describe how these reproductive isolating barriers can potentially arise through adaptive divergence of mitochondrial function in the absence of mito-nuclear coevolution, a departure from more established views. While a role for mitochondria in the speciation process appears promising, we also highlight critical gaps of knowledge: (1) many systems with a potential for mitochondrially-mediated reproductive isolation lack crucial evidence directly linking reproductive isolation and mitochondrial function; (2) it often remains to be seen if mitochondrial barriers are a driver or a consequence of reproductive isolation; (3) the presence of substantial gene flow in the presence of mito-nuclear incompatibilities raises questions whether such incompatibilities are strong enough to drive speciation to completion; and (4) it remains to be tested how mitochondrial effects on reproductive isolation compare when multiple mechanisms of reproductive isolation coincide. We hope this perspective and the proposed research plans help to inform future studies of mitochondrial adaptation in a manner that links genotypic changes to phenotypic adaptations, fitness, and reproductive isolation in natural systems, helping to clarify the importance of mitochondria in the formation and maintenance of biological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - N Barts
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - R Greenway
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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18
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Dubie JJ, Caraway AR, Stout MM, Katju V, Bergthorsson U. The conflict within: origin, proliferation and persistence of a spontaneously arising selfish mitochondrial genome. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 375:20190174. [PMID: 31787044 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes can sustain mutations that are simultaneously detrimental to individual fitness and yet, can proliferate within individuals owing to a replicative advantage. We analysed the fitness effects and population dynamics of a mitochondrial genome containing a novel 499 bp deletion in the cytochrome b(1) (ctb-1) gene (Δctb-1) encoding the cytochrome b of complex III in Caenorhabditis elegans. Δctb-1 reached a high heteroplasmic frequency of 96% in one experimental line during a mutation accumulation experiment and was linked to additional spontaneous mutations in nd5 and tRNA-Asn. The Δctb-1 mutant mitotype imposed a significant fitness cost including a 65% and 52% reduction in productivity and competitive fitness, respectively, relative to individuals bearing wild-type (WT) mitochondria. Deletion-bearing worms were rapidly purged within a few generations when competed against WT mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) bearing worms in experimental populations. By contrast, the Δctb-1 mitotype was able to persist in large populations comprising heteroplasmic individuals only, although the average intracellular frequency of Δctb-1 exhibited a slow decline owing to competition among individuals bearing different frequencies of the heteroplasmy. Within experimental lines subjected to severe population bottlenecks (n = 1), the relative intracellular frequency of Δctb-1 increased, which is a hallmark of selfish drive. A positive correlation between Δctb-1 and WT mtDNA copy-number suggests a mechanism that increases total mtDNA per se, and does not discern the Δctb-1 mitotype from the WT mtDNA. This study demonstrates the selfish nature of the Δctb-1 mitotype, given its transmission advantage and substantial fitness load for the host, and highlights the importance of population size for the population dynamics of selfish mtDNA. This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph James Dubie
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 402 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Avery Robert Caraway
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 402 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - McKenna Margaret Stout
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 402 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Vaishali Katju
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 402 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Ulfar Bergthorsson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 402 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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19
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Cazares-Navarro E, Ross JA. Temperature-dependent mitochondrial-nuclear epistasis. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2019; 2019:10.17912/micropub.biology.000147. [PMID: 32550454 PMCID: PMC7252347 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph A Ross
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, CA USA 93740,
Correspondence to: Joseph A Ross ()
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20
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Benayoun BA, Lee C. MOTS-c: A Mitochondrial-Encoded Regulator of the Nucleus. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1900046. [PMID: 31378979 PMCID: PMC8224472 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are increasingly being recognized as information hubs that sense cellular changes and transmit messages to other cellular components, such as the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Nonetheless, the interaction between mitochondria and the nucleus is of special interest because they both host part of the cellular genome. Thus, the communication between genome-bearing organelles would likely include gene expression regulation. Multiple nuclear-encoded proteins have been known to regulate mitochondrial gene expression. On the contrary, no mitochondrial-encoded factors are known to actively regulate nuclear gene expression. MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S ribosomal RNA type-c) is a recently identified peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene that has metabolic functions. Notably, MOTS-c can translocate to the nucleus upon metabolic stress (e.g., glucose restriction and oxidative stress) and directly regulate adaptive nuclear gene expression to promote cellular homeostasis. It is hypothesized that cellular fitness requires the coevolved mitonuclear genomes to coordinate adaptive responses using gene-encoded factors that cross-regulate the opposite genome. This suggests that cellular gene expression requires the bipartite split genomes to operate as a unified system, rather than the nucleus being the sole master regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Program, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Program, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
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21
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Runemark A, Eroukhmanoff F, Nava-Bolaños A, Hermansen JS, Meier JI. Hybridization, sex-specific genomic architecture and local adaptation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0419. [PMID: 30150218 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While gene flow can reduce the potential for local adaptation, hybridization may conversely provide genetic variation that increases the potential for local adaptation. Hybridization may also affect adaptation through altering sexual dimorphism and sexual conflict, but this remains largely unstudied. Here, we discuss how hybridization may affect sexual dimorphism and conflict due to differential effects of hybridization on males and females, and then how this, in turn, may affect local adaptation. First, in species with heterochromatic sexes, the lower viability of the heterogametic sex in hybrids could shift the balance in sexual conflict. Second, sex-specific inheritance of the mitochondrial genome in hybrids may lead to cytonuclear mismatches, for example, in the form of 'mother's curse', with potential consequences for sex ratio and sex-specific expression. Third, sex-biased introgression and recombination may lead to sex-specific consequences of hybridization. Fourth, transgressive segregation of sexually antagonistic alleles could increase sexual dimorphism in hybrid populations. Sexual dimorphism can reduce sexual conflict and enhance intersexual niche partitioning, increasing the fitness of hybrids. Adaptive introgression of alleles reducing sexual conflict or enhancing intersexual niche partitioning may facilitate local adaptation, and could favour the colonization of novel habitats. We review these consequences of hybridization on sex differences and local adaptation, and discuss how their prevalence and importance could be tested empirically.This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking local adaptation with the evolution of sex differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Runemark
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fabrice Eroukhmanoff
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela Nava-Bolaños
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jo S Hermansen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Joana I Meier
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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22
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Stegeman GW, Baird SE, Ryu WS, Cutter AD. Genetically Distinct Behavioral Modules Underlie Natural Variation in Thermal Performance Curves. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:2135-2151. [PMID: 31048400 PMCID: PMC6643873 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermal reaction norms pervade organismal traits as stereotyped responses to temperature, a fundamental environmental input into sensory and physiological systems. Locomotory behavior represents an especially plastic read-out of animal response, with its dynamic dependence on environmental stimuli presenting a challenge for analysis and for understanding the genomic architecture of heritable variation. Here we characterize behavioral reaction norms as thermal performance curves for the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae, using a collection of 23 wild isolate genotypes and 153 recombinant inbred lines to quantify the extent of genetic and plastic variation in locomotory behavior to temperature changes. By reducing the dimensionality of the multivariate phenotypic response with a function-valued trait framework, we identified genetically distinct behavioral modules that contribute to the heritable variation in the emergent overall behavioral thermal performance curve. Quantitative trait locus mapping isolated regions on Chromosome II associated with locomotory activity at benign temperatures and Chromosome V loci related to distinct aspects of sensitivity to high temperatures, with each quantitative trait locus explaining up to 28% of trait variation. These findings highlight how behavioral responses to environmental inputs as thermal reaction norms can evolve through independent changes to genetically distinct modular components of such complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott E Baird
- Department of Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, 45435
| | - William S Ryu
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Asher D Cutter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto
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23
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Lethal Interaction of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:2225-2234. [PMID: 31076384 PMCID: PMC6643882 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Drosophilamelanogaster, like most animal species, displays considerable genetic variation in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Here we tested whether any of four natural mtDNA variants was able to modify the effect of the phenotypically mild, nuclear tko25t mutation, affecting mitochondrial protein synthesis. When combined with tko25t, the mtDNA from wild strain KSA2 produced pupal lethality, accompanied by the presence of melanotic nodules in L3 larvae. KSA2 mtDNA, which carries a substitution at a conserved residue of cytochrome b that is predicted to be involved in subunit interactions within respiratory complex III, conferred drastically decreased respiratory capacity and complex III activity in the tko25t but not a wild-type nuclear background. The complex III inhibitor antimycin A was able to phenocopy effects of the tko25t mutation in the KSA2 mtDNA background. This is the first report of a lethal, nuclear-mitochondrial interaction within a metazoan species, representing a paradigm for understanding genetic interactions between nuclear and mitochondrial genotype relevant to human health and disease.
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24
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Abstract
Mitochondria, a nearly ubiquitous feature of eukaryotes, are derived from an ancient symbiosis. Despite billions of years of cooperative coevolution - in what is arguably the most important mutualism in the history of life - the persistence of mitochondrial genomes also creates conditions for genetic conflict with the nucleus. Because mitochondrial genomes are present in numerous copies per cell, they are subject to both within- and among-organism levels of selection. Accordingly, 'selfish' genotypes that increase their own proliferation can rise to high frequencies even if they decrease organismal fitness. It has been argued that uniparental (often maternal) inheritance of cytoplasmic genomes evolved to curtail such selfish replication by minimizing within-individual variation and, hence, within-individual selection. However, uniparental inheritance creates conditions for cytonuclear conflict over sex determination and sex ratio, as well as conditions for sexual antagonism when mitochondrial variants increase transmission by enhancing maternal fitness but have the side-effect of being harmful to males (i.e., 'mother's curse'). Here, we review recent advances in understanding selfish replication and sexual antagonism in the evolution of mitochondrial genomes and the mechanisms that suppress selfish interactions, drawing parallels and contrasts with other organelles (plastids) and bacterial endosymbionts that arose more recently. Although cytonuclear conflict is widespread across eukaryotes, it can be cryptic due to nuclear suppression, highly variable, and lineage-specific, reflecting the diverse biology of eukaryotes and the varying architectures of their cytoplasmic genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Havird
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Evan S Forsythe
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alissa M Williams
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Damian K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel B Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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25
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Dobler R, Dowling DK, Morrow EH, Reinhardt K. A systematic review and meta-analysis reveals pervasive effects of germline mitochondrial replacement on components of health. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 24:519-534. [PMID: 29757366 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial replacement, a form of nuclear transfer, has been proposed as a germline therapy to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial replacement therapy has been licensed for clinical application in the UK, and already carried out in other countries, but little is known about negative or unintended effects on the health of offspring born using this technique. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Studies in invertebrate models have used techniques that achieve mitochondrial replacement to create offspring with novel combinations of mitochondrial and nuclear genotype. These have demonstrated that the creation of novel mitochondrial-nuclear interactions can lead to alterations in offspring characteristics, such as development rates, fertility and longevity. However, it is currently unclear whether such interactions could similarly affect the outcomes of vertebrate biomedical studies, which have sought to assess the efficacy of the replacement therapy. SEARCH METHODS This systematic review addresses whether the effects of mitochondrial replacement on offspring characteristics differ in magnitude between biological (conducted on invertebrate models, with an ecological or evolutionary focus) and biomedical studies (conducted on vertebrate models, with a clinical focus). Studies were selected based on a key-word search in 'Web of Science', complemented by backward searches of reviews on the topic of mitochondrial-nuclear (mito-nuclear) interactions. In total, 43 of the resulting 116 publications identified in the search contained reliable data to estimate effect sizes of mitochondrial replacement. We found no evidence of publication bias when examining effect-size estimates across sample sizes. OUTCOMES Mitochondrial replacement consistently altered the phenotype, with significant effects at several levels of organismal performance and health, including gene expression, anatomy, metabolism and life-history. Biomedical and biological studies, while differing in the methods used to achieve mitochondrial replacement, showed only marginally significant differences in effect-size estimates (-0.233 [CI: -0.495 to -0.011]), with larger effect-size estimates in biomedical studies (0.697 [CI: 0.450-0.956]) than biological studies (0.462 [CI: 0.287-0.688]). Humans showed stronger effects than other species. Effects of mitochondrial replacement were also stronger in species with a higher basal metabolic rate. Based on our results, we conducted the first formal risk analysis of mitochondrial replacement, and conservatively estimate negative effects in at least one in every 130 resulting offspring born to the therapy. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that mitochondrial replacement may routinely affect offspring characteristics across a wide array of animal species, and that such effects are likely to extend to humans. Studies in invertebrate models have confirmed mito-nuclear interactions as the underpinning cause of organismal effects following mitochondrial replacement. This therefore suggests that mito-nuclear interactions are also likely to be contributing to effects seen in biomedical studies, on vertebrate models, whose effect sizes exceeded those of biological studies. Our results advocate the use of safeguards that could offset any negative effects (defining any unintended effect as being negative) mediated by mito-nuclear interactions following mitochondrial replacement in humans, such as mitochondrial genetic matching between donor and recipient. Our results also suggest that further research into the molecular nature of mito-nuclear interactions would be beneficial in refining the clinical application of mitochondrial replacement, and in establishing what degree of variation between donor and patient mitochondrial DNA haplotypes is acceptable to ensure 'haplotype matching'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Dobler
- Applied Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, Dresden, Germany
| | - Damian K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Edward H Morrow
- Evolution, Behaviour and Environment Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- Applied Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Haddad R, Meter B, Ross JA. The Genetic Architecture of Intra-Species Hybrid Mito-Nuclear Epistasis. Front Genet 2018; 9:481. [PMID: 30505316 PMCID: PMC6250786 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants that are neutral within, but deleterious between, populations (Dobzhansky-Muller Incompatibilities) are thought to initiate hybrid dysfunction and then to accumulate and complete the speciation process. To identify the types of genetic differences that might initiate speciation, it is useful to study inter-population (intra-species) hybrids that exhibit reduced fitness. In Caenorhabditis briggsae, a close relative of the nematode C. elegans, such minor genetic incompatibilities have been identified. One incompatibility between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes reduces the fitness of some hybrids. To understand the nuclear genetic architecture of this epistatic interaction, we constructed two sets of recombinant inbred lines by hybridizing two genetically diverse wild populations. In such lines, selection is able to eliminate deleterious combinations of alleles derived from the two parental populations. The genotypes of surviving hybrid lines thus reveal favorable allele combinations at loci experiencing selection. Our genotype data from the resulting lines are consistent with the interpretation that the X alleles participate in epistatic interactions with autosomes and the mitochondrial genome. We evaluate this possibility given predictions that mitochondria-X epistasis should be more prevalent than between mitochondria and autosomes. Our empirical identification of inter-genomic linkage disequilibrium supports the body of literature indicating that the accumulation of mito-nuclear genetic incompatibilities might initiate the speciation process through the generation of less-fit inter-population hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Haddad
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Brandon Meter
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Joseph A Ross
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States
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27
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Hill GE. Mitonuclear Mate Choice: A Missing Component of Sexual Selection Theory? Bioessays 2018; 40. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849-5414
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28
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Cutter AD. X exceptionalism in Caenorhabditis speciation. Mol Ecol 2017; 27:3925-3934. [PMID: 29134711 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Speciation genetics research in diverse organisms shows the X-chromosome to be exceptional in how it contributes to "rules" of speciation. Until recently, however, the nematode phylum has been nearly silent on this issue, despite the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans having touched most other topics in biology. Studies of speciation with Caenorhabditis accelerated with the recent discovery of species pairs showing partial interfertility. The resulting genetic analyses of reproductive isolation in nematodes demonstrate key roles for the X-chromosome in hybrid male sterility and inviability, opening up new understanding of the genetic causes of Haldane's rule, Darwin's corollary to Haldane's rule, and enabling tests of the large-X effect hypothesis. Studies to date implicate improper chromatin regulation of the X-chromosome by small RNA pathways as integral to hybrid male dysfunction. Sexual transitions in reproductive mode to self-fertilizing hermaphroditism inject distinctive molecular evolutionary features into the speciation process for some species. Caenorhabditis also provides unique opportunities for analysis in a system with XO sex determination that lacks a Y-chromosome, sex chromosome-dependent sperm competition differences and mechanisms of gametic isolation, exceptional accessibility to the development process and rapid experimental evolution. As genetic analysis of reproductive isolation matures with investigation of multiple pairs of Caenorhabditis species and new species discovery, nematodes will provide a powerful complement to more established study organisms for deciphering the genetic basis of and rules to speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher D Cutter
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Dion-Côté AM, Barbash DA. Beyond speciation genes: an overview of genome stability in evolution and speciation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 47:17-23. [PMID: 28830007 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genome stability ensures individual fitness and reliable transmission of genetic information. Hybridization between diverging lineages can trigger genome instability, highlighting its potential role in post-zygotic reproductive isolation. We argue that genome instability is not merely one of several types of hybrid incompatibility, but rather that genome stability is one of the very first and most fundamental traits that can break down when two diverged genomes are combined. Future work will reveal how frequent and predictable genome instability is in hybrids, how it affects hybrid fitness, and whether it is a direct cause or consequence of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Dion-Côté
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Daniel A Barbash
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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30
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Zhang C, Montooth KL, Calvi BR. Incompatibility between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes during oogenesis results in ovarian failure and embryonic lethality. Development 2017; 144:2490-2503. [PMID: 28576772 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction can cause female infertility. An important unresolved issue is the extent to which incompatibility between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes contributes to female infertility. It has previously been shown that a mitochondrial haplotype from D. simulans (simw501 ) is incompatible with a nuclear genome from the D. melanogaster strain Oregon-R (OreR), resulting in impaired development, which was enhanced at higher temperature. This mito-nuclear incompatibility is between alleles of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (Aatm) and the mitochondrial-encoded tyrosyl-tRNA that it aminoacylates. Here, we show that this mito-nuclear incompatibility causes a severe temperature-sensitive female infertility. The OreR nuclear genome contributed to death of ovarian germline stem cells and reduced egg production, which was further enhanced by the incompatibility with simw501 mitochondria. Mito-nuclear incompatibility also resulted in aberrant egg morphology and a maternal-effect on embryonic chromosome segregation and survival, which was completely dependent on the temperature and mito-nuclear genotype of the mother. Our findings show that maternal mito-nuclear incompatibility during Drosophila oogenesis has severe consequences for egg production and embryonic survival, with important broader relevance to human female infertility and mitochondrial replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Kristi L Montooth
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Brian R Calvi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
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31
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Sloan DB, Havird JC, Sharbrough J. The on-again, off-again relationship between mitochondrial genomes and species boundaries. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2212-2236. [PMID: 27997046 PMCID: PMC6534505 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study of reproductive isolation and species barriers frequently focuses on mitochondrial genomes and has produced two alternative and almost diametrically opposed narratives. On one hand, mtDNA may be at the forefront of speciation events, with co-evolved mitonuclear interactions responsible for some of the earliest genetic incompatibilities arising among isolated populations. On the other hand, there are numerous cases of introgression of mtDNA across species boundaries even when nuclear gene flow is restricted. We argue that these seemingly contradictory patterns can result from a single underlying cause. Specifically, the accumulation of deleterious mutations in mtDNA creates a problem with two alternative evolutionary solutions. In some cases, compensatory or epistatic changes in the nuclear genome may ameliorate the effects of mitochondrial mutations, thereby establishing coadapted mitonuclear genotypes within populations and forming the basis of reproductive incompatibilities between populations. Alternatively, populations with high mitochondrial mutation loads may be rescued by replacement with a more fit, foreign mitochondrial haplotype. Coupled with many nonadaptive mechanisms of introgression that can preferentially affect cytoplasmic genomes, this form of adaptive introgression may contribute to the widespread discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear genealogies. Here, we review recent advances related to mitochondrial introgression and mitonuclear incompatibilities, including the potential for cointrogression of mtDNA and interacting nuclear genes. We also address an emerging controversy over the classic assumption that selection on mitochondrial genomes is inefficient and discuss the mechanisms that lead lineages down alternative evolutionary paths in response to mitochondrial mutation accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Justin C Havird
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Joel Sharbrough
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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32
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Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Incompatibility Between Wild Isolates of Caenorhabditis nouraguensis. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:823-834. [PMID: 28064190 PMCID: PMC5345712 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.037101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
How species arise is a fundamental question in biology. Species can be defined as populations of interbreeding individuals that are reproductively isolated from other such populations. Therefore, understanding how reproductive barriers evolve between populations is essential for understanding the process of speciation. Hybrid incompatibility (for example, hybrid sterility or lethality) is a common and strong reproductive barrier in nature. Here we report a lethal incompatibility between two wild isolates of the nematode Caenorhabditis nouraguensis Hybrid inviability results from the incompatibility between a maternally inherited cytoplasmic factor from each strain and a recessive nuclear locus from the other. We have excluded the possibility that maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria cause the incompatibility by treating both strains with tetracycline and show that hybrid death is unaffected. Furthermore, cytoplasmic-nuclear incompatibility commonly occurs between other wild isolates, indicating that this is a significant reproductive barrier within C. nouraguensis We hypothesize that the maternally inherited cytoplasmic factor is the mitochondrial genome and that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies hybrid death. This system has the potential to shed light on the dynamics of divergent mitochondrial-nuclear coevolution and its role in promoting speciation.
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33
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Sunnucks P, Morales HE, Lamb AM, Pavlova A, Greening C. Integrative Approaches for Studying Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genome Co-evolution in Oxidative Phosphorylation. Front Genet 2017; 8:25. [PMID: 28316610 PMCID: PMC5334354 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals, interactions among gene products of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes (mitonuclear interactions) are of profound fitness, evolutionary, and ecological significance. Most fundamentally, the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes responsible for cellular bioenergetics are formed by the direct interactions of 13 mitochondrial-encoded and ∼80 nuclear-encoded protein subunits in most animals. It is expected that organisms will develop genomic architecture that facilitates co-adaptation of these mitonuclear interactions and enhances biochemical efficiency of OXPHOS complexes. In this perspective, we present principles and approaches to understanding the co-evolution of these interactions, with a novel focus on how genomic architecture might facilitate it. We advocate that recent interdisciplinary advances assist in the consolidation of links between genotype and phenotype. For example, advances in genomics allow us to unravel signatures of selection in mitochondrial and nuclear OXPHOS genes at population-relevant scales, while newly published complete atomic-resolution structures of the OXPHOS machinery enable more robust predictions of how these genes interact epistatically and co-evolutionarily. We use three case studies to show how integrative approaches have improved the understanding of mitonuclear interactions in OXPHOS, namely those driving high-altitude adaptation in bar-headed geese, allopatric population divergence in Tigriopus californicus copepods, and the genome architecture of nuclear genes coding for mitochondrial functions in the eastern yellow robin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sunnucks
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Hernán E. Morales
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika M. Lamb
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Pavlova
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Chris Greening
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, ClaytonVIC, Australia
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34
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Jhuang HY, Lee HY, Leu JY. Mitochondrial-nuclear co-evolution leads to hybrid incompatibility through pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. EMBO Rep 2016; 18:87-101. [PMID: 27920033 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial-nuclear incompatibility has a major role in reproductive isolation between species. However, the underlying mechanism and driving force of mitochondrial-nuclear incompatibility remain elusive. Here, we report a pentatricopeptide repeat-containing (PPR) protein, Ccm1, and its interacting partner, 15S rRNA, to be involved in hybrid incompatibility between two yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus S. bayanus-Ccm1 has reduced binding affinity for S. cerevisiae-15S rRNA, leading to respiratory defects in hybrid cells. This incompatibility can be rescued by single mutations on several individual PPR motifs, demonstrating the highly evolvable nature of PPR proteins. When we examined other PPR proteins in the closely related Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeasts, about two-thirds of them showed detectable incompatibility. Our results suggest that fast co-evolution between flexible PPR proteins and their mitochondrial RNA substrates may be a common driving force in the development of mitochondrial-nuclear hybrid incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ying Jhuang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Leu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan .,Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Barnard‐Kubow KB, So N, Galloway LF. Cytonuclear incompatibility contributes to the early stages of speciation. Evolution 2016; 70:2752-2766. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina So
- Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904
- Current Address: Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior Columbia University New York NY 10027
| | - Laura F. Galloway
- Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904
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36
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Shipley JR, Campbell P, Searle JB, Pasch B. Asymmetric energetic costs in reciprocal-cross hybrids between carnivorous mice (Onychomys). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:3803-3809. [PMID: 27688051 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.148890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic respiration is a fundamental physiological trait dependent on coordinated interactions between gene products of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Mitonuclear mismatch in interspecific hybrids may contribute to reproductive isolation by inducing reduced viability (or even complete inviability) due to increased metabolic costs. However, few studies have tested for effects of mitonuclear mismatch on respiration at the whole-organism level. We explored how hybridization affects metabolic rate in closely related species of grasshopper mice (genus Onychomys) to better understand the role of metabolic costs in reproductive isolation. We measured metabolic rate across a range of temperatures to calculate basal metabolic rate (BMR) and cold-induced metabolic rate (MRc) in O. leucogaster, O. torridus and O. arenicola, and in reciprocal F1 hybrids between the latter two species. Within the genus, we found a negative correlation between mass-specific BMR and body mass. Although O. arenicola was smaller than O. torridus, hybrids from both directions of the cross resembled O. arenicola in body mass. In contrast, hybrid BMR was strongly influenced by the direction of the cross: reciprocal F1 hybrids were different from each other but indistinguishable from the maternal species. In addition, MRc was not significantly different between hybrids and either parental species. These patterns indicate that metabolic costs are not increased in Onychomys F1 hybrids and, while exposure of incompatibilities in F2 hybrids cannot be ruled out, suggest that mitonuclear mismatch does not act as a primary barrier to gene flow. Maternal matching of BMR is suggestive of a strong effect of mitochondrial genotype on metabolism in hybrids. Together, our findings provide insight into the metabolic consequences of hybridization, a topic that is understudied in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ryan Shipley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Polly Campbell
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jeremy B Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Bret Pasch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA .,Bioacoustics Research Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.,Macaulay Library, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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37
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Ross JA, Howe DK, Coleman-Hulbert A, Denver DR, Estes S. Paternal Mitochondrial Transmission in Intra-Species Caenorhabditis briggsae Hybrids. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:3158-3160. [PMID: 27613821 PMCID: PMC5100050 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To study mitochondrial–nuclear genetic interactions in the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae, our three laboratories independently created 38 intra-species cytoplasmic–nuclear hybrid (cybrid) lines. Although the cross design combines maternal mitotypes with paternal nuclear genotypes, eight lines (21%) unexpectedly contained paternal mitotypes. All eight share in common ancestry of one of two genetically related strains. This unexpected parallel observation of paternal mitochondrial transmission, undesirable given our intent of creating cybrids, provides a serendipitous experimental model and framework to study the molecular and evolutionary basis of uniparental mitochondrial inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Ross
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, CA
| | - Dana K Howe
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Anna Coleman-Hulbert
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Dee R Denver
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Suzanne Estes
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR
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38
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Hou J, Fournier T, Schacherer J. Species-wide survey reveals the various flavors of intraspecific reproductive isolation in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow048. [PMID: 27288348 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the origin and extent of reproductive isolation within the same species is valuable to capture early events to the onset of speciation. In multiple genetic models, reproductive isolation was recently observed at the intraspecific scale, indicating that the raw potential for speciation segregates readily within populations, which could be a rule rather than an exception in a broad context. We briefly recapitulate the molecular evidence of intrinsic post-zygotic isolation in major model organisms including Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and their close relatives. We then focus on recent advances in yeast and review the genetic basis of post-zygotic isolation within and between multiple members of the Saccharomyces genus, especially in Saccharomyces cerevisiae We discuss the role of various mechanisms involved in the onset of reproductive isolation including DNA sequence divergence, chromosomal rearrangement, cytonuclear as well as nuclear-nuclear genetic incompatibilities and provide a comparative view along a continuum of genetic differentiation, which encompasses intraspecific populations, recent delineating nascent species as well as closely related sister species in the same subphylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Microbiology, University of Strasbourg/CNRS UMR 7156, Strasbourg, France
| | - Téo Fournier
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Microbiology, University of Strasbourg/CNRS UMR 7156, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Schacherer
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Microbiology, University of Strasbourg/CNRS UMR 7156, Strasbourg, France
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39
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Mossman JA, Biancani LM, Zhu CT, Rand DM. Mitonuclear Epistasis for Development Time and Its Modification by Diet in Drosophila. Genetics 2016; 203:463-84. [PMID: 26966258 PMCID: PMC4858792 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.187286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear genes have to operate in a coordinated manner to maintain organismal function, and the regulation of this homeostasis presents a substantial source of potential epistatic (G × G) interactions. How these interactions shape the fitness landscape is poorly understood. Here we developed a novel mitonuclear epistasis model, using selected strains of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and mitochondrial genomes from within Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans to test the hypothesis that mtDNA × nDNA interactions influence fitness. In total we built 72 genotypes (12 nuclear backgrounds × 6 mtDNA haplotypes, with 3 from each species) to dissect the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Each genotype was assayed on four food environments. We found considerable variation in several phenotypes, including development time and egg-to-adult viability, and this variation was partitioned into genetic (G), environmental (E), and higher-order (G × G, G × E, and G × G × E) components. Food type had a significant impact on development time and also modified mitonuclear epistases, evidencing a broad spectrum of G × G × E across these genotypes. Nuclear background effects were substantial, followed by mtDNA effects and their G × G interaction. The species of mtDNA haplotype had negligible effects on phenotypic variation and there was no evidence that mtDNA variation has different effects on male and female fitness traits. Our results demonstrate that mitonuclear epistases are context dependent, suggesting the selective pressure acting on mitonuclear genotypes may vary with food environment in a genotype-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim A Mossman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Leann M Biancani
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Chen-Tseh Zhu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - David M Rand
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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