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Sanchez-Quiros J, Giralt L, Fonollosa A, Robles I, Carreño E. Diagnostic and Management Strategies of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome (TINU): Current Perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:2625-2630. [PMID: 37701464 PMCID: PMC10494573 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s404644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease with unclear pathogenesis but probably related to a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Diagnosis is challenging due to the asynchronous onset of renal and ocular symptoms, and it is necessary to exclude other causes of nephritis and uveitis. It affects both sexes, with an overall predominance of females and a median age of onset of 15 years. TINU syndrome is characterized by bilateral, non-granulomatous anterior uveitis and tubulointerstitial nephritis, which can cause acute renal failure in severe cases. Several triggers have been identified including concurrent infections, medications, or endocrine diseases. The diagnosis of TINU is mainly based on clinical and analytical findings, and although urinary β2-microglobulin is a useful parameter no specific diagnostic test is available. Current perspectives intend to facilitate its diagnosis identifying susceptibility HLA genotypes, serologic markers and imaging tools to avoid renal biopsy. Treatment options for TINU syndrome include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, and intravenous immunoglobulins, but relapses are frequent, and management can be challenging. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated summary of the diagnostic and treatment strategies of TINU syndrome, helping clinicians recognize and manage this rare autoimmune disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Giralt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (ICOF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fonollosa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Retina, Instituto Oftalmológico Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ignacio Robles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Carreño
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Regusci A, Lava SAG, Milani GP, Bianchetti MG, Simonetti GD, Vanoni F. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome: a systematic review. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:876-886. [PMID: 33561271 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is defined as the occurrence of tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and uveitis in the absence of other systemic diseases. The most comprehensive review on this condition was published in 2001. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature for cases of TINU syndrome. MEDLINE and Embase databases were screened. Full-length articles or letters reporting cases with both TIN and uveitis were selected. We investigated differences between males and females and paediatric and adult cases. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. RESULTS A total of 233 articles reporting 592 TINU cases were retained for the analysis. The median age of the included subjects was 17 years (interquartile range 13-46) with a female predominance (65%). Uveitis most frequently (52%) followed renal disease and was mostly anterior (65%) and bilateral (88%). Children tended to have more ocular relapses, while they were slightly less likely than adults to suffer from acute kidney injury and to develop CKD. Adult age as well as posterior or panuveitis were associated with an increased risk of developing CKD. CONCLUSIONS TINU affects both children and adults, with some differences between these two categories. Adult age and the presence of a posterior uveitis or panuveitis appear to be associated with the development of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Regusci
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano A G Lava
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregorio P Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario G Bianchetti
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo D Simonetti
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Federica Vanoni
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Lin CJ, Tien PT, Chang CH, Hsia NY, Yang YC, Lai CT, Bair H, Chen HS, Tsai YY. Relationship between Uveitis and Thyroid Disease: A 13-Year Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study in Taiwan. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:1292-1298. [PMID: 32643974 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1762899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether patients with thyroid disease are at increased risk of uveitis. METHODS Data was collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance system and included patients newly diagnosed with thyroid disease from 2000 to 2012. The endpoint of interest was a diagnosis of uveitis. RESULTS In analyzing 21,396 patients with thyroid disease, yielding 85,584 matched comparisons, patients with thyroid disease to have a significantly higher cumulative incidence of uveitis when compared to the control cohort with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. This result was further confirmed by Cox regression analysis. The increased risk was persistent in both genders. The association between thyroid disease and uveitis was stronger in patients without diabetes or hypertension. CONCLUSION Patients with thyroid disease were found to have a higher risk for uveitis. For certain age groups or patients without diabetes or hypertension, the role of thyroid disease might be more crucial for uveitis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ju Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Tai Tien
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Yi Hsia
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cih Yang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Henry Bair
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huan-Sheng Chen
- An-Shin Dialysis Center, NephroCare Ltd., Fresenius Medical Care, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Borkar DS, Homayounfar G, Tham VM, Ray KJ, Vinoya AC, Uchida A, Acharya NR. Association Between Thyroid Disease and Uveitis: Results From the Pacific Ocular Inflammation Study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017; 135:594-599. [PMID: 28472213 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Common pathophysiological mechanisms may be responsible for immune dysregulation in both thyroid disease and uveitis. Studies investigating a possible association are limited. Objective To determine the association between thyroid disease and uveitis. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective, population-based case-control study was conducted from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2007, among 217 061 members of the Kaiser Permanente Hawaii health system during the study period. A clinical diagnosis of uveitis was determined through a query of the electronic medical record followed by individual medical record review for confirmation by a uveitis specialist. Thyroid disease was determined based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, coding. Two control groups were chosen at a 4:1 ratio for comparison with patients with uveitis. A logistic regression analysis was performed with uveitis as the main outcome variable and thyroid disease as the main predictor variable, while adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking status, and history of autoimmune disease. Data analysis was conducted between 2014 and 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures A diagnosis of thyroid disease among patients with uveitis and respective controls. Results Of the 224 patients with uveitis (127 women and 97 men; mean [SD] age, 54.1 [17.8] years) identified during the study period, 29 (12.9%) had a diagnosis of thyroid disease, compared with 62 of 896 patients (6.9%) in the control group (P = .01) and 78 of 896 patients (8.7%) in the ophthalmology clinic control group (P = .06). Using the general Kaiser Permanente Hawaii population control group, patients who had thyroid disease had a 1.7-fold (95% CI, 1.03-2.80; P = .04) higher odds of having uveitis compared with patients who did not have thyroid disease when controlling for age, sex, race, smoking status, and autoimmune disease. A similar association was found using the ophthalmology clinic control group (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.9; P = .02) while adjusting for these factors. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that a history of thyroid disease has a weak to moderate association with uveitis. Similar autoimmune mechanisms could explain the pathogenesis of both conditions. If future studies corroborate these findings, they may have further clinical implications in the laboratory workup of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga S Borkar
- F. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California-San Francisco2Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - Vivien M Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu4Pacific Vision Institute of Hawaii, Honolulu
| | - Kathryn J Ray
- F. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California-San Francisco
| | - Aleli C Vinoya
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu
| | - Aileen Uchida
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu
| | - Nisha R Acharya
- F. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California-San Francisco6Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-San Francisco7Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco
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Rosenblatt A, Zaitoon H, Habot-Wilner Z. Association Between Non-Infectious Uveitis and Thyroid Dysfunction: A Case Control Study. Thyroid 2017; 27:757-761. [PMID: 28327059 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports suggested a relation between uveitis and thyroid disease or dysfunction. However, no study has investigated the association between uveitis and thyroid dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with and without non-infectious uveitis. METHODS This was a retrospective, case-control study. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-five non-infectious uveitis patients (uveitis group) and 600 controls (control group) were included in the study, of whom 492 (58.9%) were females. No differences were demonstrated between the uveitis and control groups with regard to baseline characteristics, including age, sex, and the presence of systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiac disease. Rheumatologic and gastrointestinal disease were more common in the uveitis group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). Overall, thyroid dysfunction was noted in 61 (7.3%) patients, of whom 55 had hypothyroidism and six had hyperthyroidism. Seventeen out of 235 (7.2%) uveitis patients and 44/600 (7.3%) controls were diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction-a similar proportion in both groups (p = 0.96). Of these, all uveitis patients and 38 (86.4%) patients in the control group had a diagnosis of hypothyroidism (p = 0.63). A higher percentage of women was found among uveitis patients with thyroid dysfunction compared with uveitis patients without thyroid dysfunction (p = 0.002). The most common uveitis type was anterior uveitis. No significant difference was found in uveitis types between patients with or without a diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was similar in both groups, and no association was found between non-infectious uveitis and thyroid dysfunction in this study. These findings suggest there is no need for routine thyroid function evaluation in patients with non-infectious uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rosenblatt
- 1 Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv, Israel
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hussein Zaitoon
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zohar Habot-Wilner
- 1 Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center , Tel Aviv, Israel
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kim JE, Park SJ, Oh JY, Jeong HJ, Kim JH, Shin JI. Successful treatment of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis with steroid and azathioprine in a 12-year-old boy. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 59:S99-S102. [PMID: 28018458 PMCID: PMC5177725 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.11.s99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is a rare disease, often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed in children. We describe the case of a 12-year-old boy who presented to Severance Hospital with a 1-month history of bilateral conjunctival injection. He was first evaluated by an Ophthalmologist in another hospital and diagnosed with panuveitis. Laboratory tests indicated renal failure, and a renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. An extensive exclusion of all possible causes allowed a diagnosis of TINU syndrome. The patient was treated with a systemic corticosteroid (initially prednisolone, 2 mg/kg and later deflazacort 1 mg/kg) and topical steroid drops for 1 month. Azathioprine was later added to the treatment regimen and the systemic steroid was slowly tapered. The final outcome of renal-ocular disease was favorable in the patient. However, long-term follow-up is necessary to properly manage frequent relapses and incomplete renal recovery. TINU should be considered as a differential diagnosis in children with uveitis or acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Daewoo General Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Geoje, Korea
| | - Ji Young Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Joo Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Sinangil A, Celik V, Kockar A, Ecder T. Synthetic Cannabinoid Induced acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:OD31-2. [PMID: 27437289 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18762.7826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis with Uveitis (TINU) syndrome is a rarely seen syndrome. The interstitial nephritis may be with the concurrent uveitis and can also develop before or after uveitis. The syndrome can resolve after elimination of the culprit destructive factors, such as drugs, toxins and immune reaction. Synthetic cannabinoids have emerged as drugs of abuse with increasing popularity among young adults. Recent literature has documented reports of acute kidney injury in association with the use of synthetic cannabinoids; however, there is no report of TINU syndrome development secondary to using of synthetic cannabinoids. Herein, we report a 42-year-old male with TINU syndrome associated with smoking synthetic cannabinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sinangil
- Nephrology Specialist Vedat Celik, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University , Istanbul-Turkey
| | - Vedat Celik
- Nephrology Specialist Alev Kockar, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University , Istanbul-Turkey
| | - Alev Kockar
- Ophtalmotology Specialist Tevfik Ecder, Department of Ophtalmotology, Istanbul Bilim University , Istanbul-Turkey
| | - Tevfik Ecder
- Nephrology Professor Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University , Istanbul-Turkey
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Al Qumaizi KI, Halim K, Brekeit KA. Dobrin syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. Indian J Nephrol 2016; 26:39-41. [PMID: 26937077 PMCID: PMC4753740 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.157009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dobrin syndrome or tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome is a rare disease with excellent prognosis. We report a 60-year-old male of Indian origin who presented with acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and unilateral anterior immune-mediated uveitis. The syndrome has been reported sporadically. This is only the third case from a patient of Indian origin. We highlight this case and evaluate the long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced AIN and uveitis as a potential causative factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Al Qumaizi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Halim
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K A Brekeit
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hamdan JM, Obeidat FN. Tubulo-interstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome in a 6-year-old boy: case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 26:145-8. [PMID: 16709335 DOI: 10.1179/146532806x107502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old boy presented with a 4-month history of anorexia, weight loss and fatigue and was found to have tubulo-interstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome. After 2 months of corticosteroid therapy, resolution of the uveitis was almost complete but renal function showed only partial improvement. He was still in renal failure 6 months after diagnosis, but there was no relapse of the uveitis. Although the prognosis of TINU in children and adults is reported to be excellent, the outcome in young children can be less favourable, probably owing to delayed diagnosis and initiation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahed M Hamdan
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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10
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Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome in a twelve-year-old girl. Case Rep Pediatr 2013; 2013:652043. [PMID: 23691408 PMCID: PMC3652048 DOI: 10.1155/2013/652043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is a rare disorder defined by the combination of biochemical abnormalities, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and uveitis. We describe a 12-year-old female, presented with a ten-day history of fever, characterized by sudden onset and rapid spontaneous resolution in few hours, accompanied by shivering, extreme fatigue, and loss of appetite. Laboratory values were consistent with renal failure of tubular origin. Renal biopsy confirmed a tubulointerstitial nephritis, with acute tubulitis, polymorphonuclear infiltration, and microabscesses. The renal interstitium was occupied by a dense inflammatory infiltrate, consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils. Glomerular structures were preserved. Ophthalmological examination that suggested a previous asymptomatic bilateral uveitis and HLA typing (HLA-DQA1∗0101/0201 and HLA-DQB1∗0303/0503) further supported the suspect of TINU syndrome. TINU syndrome is probably an underdiagnosed disorder, responsible for many cases of idiopathic anterior uveitis in young patients, especially in those who have asymptomatic renal disease and when proper diagnostic tests are not performed at the time of presentation.
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Asproudis I, Zafeiropoulos P, Katsanos A, Skamantzoura E, Sionti I. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome with concomitant Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013; 50 Online:e1-3. [PMID: 24601328 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20130205-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The authors report the association of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a 16-year-old boy. Oral prednisolone was administered and the renal function normalized and has remained stable for 2 years. However, two recurrences of uveitis occurred in the 2-year follow-up period.
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Yasuda K, Sasaki K, Yamato M, Rakugi H, Isaka Y, Hayashi T. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome with transient hyperthyroidism in an elderly patient. Clin Exp Nephrol 2011; 15:927-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-011-0505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Thomassen VH, Ring T, Thaarup J, Baggesen K. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) Syndrome: a case report and review of the literature: author’s reply. Acta Ophthalmol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Thomassen VH, Ring T, Thaarup J, Baggesen K. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Acta Ophthalmol 2009; 87:676-9. [PMID: 18700885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aim to describe the first case of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome reported in Scandinavia and to underline the importance of the syndrome, which should be better known among ophthalmologists. METHODS We report an 11-year-old boy who was admitted to hospital because of general fatigue and weight loss. Blood tests showed renal insufficiency and a renal biopsy revealed acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. One week after admission the patient developed transitory blurred vision and flickering shadows in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed bilateral anterior non-granulomatous uveitis and TINU syndrome was diagnosed. RESULTS Because of renal insufficiency the patient was treated with systemic prednisone 50 mg/day for 3 weeks. Evolution was favourable, and prednisone was tapered over 10 weeks. Uveitis was treated with topical steroid with good effect. The only complication after 18 months of follow-up was transitory cushingoid aspect. CONCLUSIONS Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome is a rare syndrome that is probably underdiagnosed in clinical practice. Co-operation between ophthalmologists and nephrologists/paediatricians is crucial for early diagnosis and instigation of treatment. Uveitis may occur before tubulointerstitial nephritis or the renal symptoms may be so mild that the patient is unaware of them. Therefore, ophthalmologists play an important role in the initial discovery of patients with TINU syndrome. Tubulointerstitial nephritis tends to be self-limiting, whereas uveitis tends to relapse and recurrences tend to be more severe than the initial uveitis. Therefore, the patient must be ophthalmologically monitored very carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Holm Thomassen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Liakopoulos V, Ioannidis I, Zengos N, Karabatsas CH, Karasavvidou F, Salmas M, Kanelaki E, Eleftheriadis T, Stefanidis I. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis (TINU) Syndrome in a 52-Year-Old Female: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Ren Fail 2009; 28:355-9. [PMID: 16771253 DOI: 10.1080/08860220600577775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is a rare entity first described in 1975, affecting mainly young women and adolescents. We present a case of a 52-year-old female patient (one of the oldest in the literature) who complained of fever, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. After she was admitted to our hospital, laboratory tests revealed tubular proteinuria, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), anemia, and renal insufficiency (serum creatinine 4.2 mg/dL) with metabolic acidosis. Ophthalmologic examination revealed anterior uveitis (iritis) and renal biopsy showed acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. The diagnosis of TINU syndrome was established and the patient was treated with oral corticosteroids. All symptoms and ophthalmologic abnormalities disappeared after 6 weeks of treatment. Renal function also recovered completely and remained stable at follow-up. TINU syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained tubulointerstitial nephritis, especially in the presence of ocular findings. Corticosteroid therapy is still controversial, but it helps in the quick resolution of renal and mainly eye abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
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Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for an adequate growth and development of the kidney. Conversely, the kidney is not only an organ for metabolism and elimination of TH, but also a target organ of some of the iodothyronines' actions. Thyroid dysfunction causes remarkable changes in glomerular and tubular functions and electrolyte and water homeostasis. Hypothyroidism is accompanied by a decrease in glomerular filtration, hyponatremia, and an alteration of the ability for water excretion. Excessive levels of TH generate an increase in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Renal disease, in turn, leads to significant changes in thyroid function. The association of different types of glomerulopathies with both hyper- and hypofunction of the thyroid has been reported. Less frequently, tubulointerstitial disease has been associated with functional thyroid disorders. Nephrotic syndrome is accompanied by changes in the concentrations of TH due primarily to loss of protein in the urine. Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are accompanied by notable effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. The secretion of pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) is impaired in uremia. Contrary to other non-thyroidal chronic disease, in uraemic patients it is not unusual to observe the sick euthyroid syndrome with low serum triodothyronine (T(3)) without elevation of reverse T(3) (rT(3)). Some authors have reported associations between thyroid cancer and kidney tumors and each of these organs can develop metastases into the other. Finally, data from recent research suggest that TH, especially T(3), can be considered as a marker for survival in patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Iglesias
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hinkle
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
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18
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Kahara T, Yoshizawa M, Nakaya I, Uchiyama A, Miwa A, Iwata Y, Torita M, Usuda R, Iida H. Thyroid crisis following interstitial nephritis. Intern Med 2008; 47:1237-40. [PMID: 18591847 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 54-year-old man with Graves' disease had been treated with thiamazole (5 mg/day). His thyroid hormone level was increased after exodontia in February 2006. Although his prescribed dose of thiamazole was increased after exodontia on the fourth day, he developed thyroid crisis on exodontia 52 nd day. Laboratory findings also showed renal dysfunction (from Cr 1.0 mg/dL in July 2005 to Cr 1.8 mg/dL on exodontia 37th day). His thyroid hormone level was normalized after subtotal thyroidectomy; however, serum Cr level was still high. He was diagnosed with interstitial nephritis as a result of renal biopsy, and he was treated with prednisolone 30 mg/day. This present case developed thyroid crisis even though the quantity of thiamazole was increased after exodontia. It seems that interstitial nephritis, as well as exodontia, is an aggravation factor of thyroid function. After a poor response to anti-thyroid drugs, it is necessary to prevent thyroid crisis by determining the aggravating factor and to then provide appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kahara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
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Ebihara I, Hirayama K, Usui J, Seki M, Higuchi F, Oteki T, Kobayashi M, Yamagata K. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome associated with hyperthyroidism. Clin Exp Nephrol 2006; 10:216-21. [PMID: 17009080 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-006-0423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a 17-year-old male patient with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) associated with hyperthyroidism. He presented with a 2-month history of fatigue, loss of appetite, low-grade fever, and a 12-kg weight loss when he was admitted to our hospital. He had iritis, which was complicated by fibrin in the anterior chamber, diagnosed by slit-lamp examination. On laboratory examinations, deteriorated renal function (blood urea nitrogen level was 25.9 mg/dl and creatinine level was 2.82 mg/dl) and elevated urinary levels of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (33.1 U/l) and beta2-microglobulin (78,600 microg/l) were observed. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was undetectable, at less than 0.01 microIU/ml, and free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine were elevated, up to 5.23 pg/ml and 2.85 ng/dl, respectively. The titers of antithyroglobulin and antithyroid microsomal and TSH-receptor antibodies were not elevated. Abdominal and thyroidal ultrasonography showed evident bilateral enlargement of the kidneys and diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland. Iodine-123 scintigraphy showed low uptake in the thyroid gland. The biopsied renal specimen showed mild edema and severe diffuse infiltration of mononuclear cells and few eosinophils in the interstitium, without any glomerular or vascular abnormalities. Based on the clinical features and pathological findings, a diagnosis of TINU syndrome with associated hyperthyroidism was made. Treatment was started with 30 mg/day of prednisolone. The iritis disappeared, and the patient's clinical status improved remarkably. This case suggests the possibility of thyroid dysfunction in some patients with TINU syndrome, and we believe thyroid function should be measured in all TINU patients. Moreover, histopathological diagnosis of the thyroid glands before treatment is necessary for TINU patients with thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Ebihara
- Department of Nephrology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, 3-3-10 Futabadai, Mito, and Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Kasumigaura Hospital, Ibaraki, 311-4198, Japan.
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Helms E, Servilla KS, Hartshorne MF, Harris A, Nichols MJ, Tzamaloukas AH. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome: use of gallium scintigraphy in its diagnosis and treatment. Int Urol Nephrol 2006; 37:119-22. [PMID: 16132773 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-004-2356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prompt diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids of the tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis (TINU) syndrome may assist in the preservation of renal function. We present a case illustrating the characteristic clinical features of this syndrome. Gallium scintigraphy assisted in the diagnosis and management of this case, which was complicated by relapsing pyelonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Helms
- Medicine Service, Radiology Service, and Pathology Service, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System Renal Section (111C), University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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21
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Alkhalil C, Tanvir FA, Ahmed A, Lowenthal D. A case report of tubulo-interstitial nephritis with uveitis (TINU syndrome) and follow-up for one year. Int Urol Nephrol 2003; 34:577-9. [PMID: 14577508 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025657713078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadi Alkhalil
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Sanchez-Burson J, Garcia-Porrua C, Montero-Granados R, Gonzalez-Escribano F, Gonzalez-Gay MA. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome in Southern Spain. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2002; 32:125-9. [PMID: 12430100 DOI: 10.1053/sarh.2002.33718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine immunogenetic and clinical features in a series of patients with the idiopathic tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome diagnosed at the single referral hospital for a defined population in Southern Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective study of the case records of all patients diagnosed with the TINU syndrome in the Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine of the Valme University Hospital (Seville, Spain) from January 1996 through October 2000. Patients were included in this study if they had a renal biopsy showing interstitial edema and infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils. In these cases fibrosis was occasionally seen, but no glomerular changes were found. In addition, a diagnosis of uveitis by expert ophthalmologists was always required. Underlying diseases, which might be responsible for the renal or ocular manifestations, were excluded. Patients were HLA-DRB1 genotyped from DNA by using molecular-based methods. RESULTS Six patients (4 females) fulfilled the definitions described above. Four were younger than 18 years. In addition to tubulointerstitial nephritis, non-granulomatous uveitis (anterior or panuveitis) associated with low visual acuity was present at the time of diagnosis. Leukocytosis and increase of acute phase reactants were also commonly observed at the time of diagnosis. Topical and oral corticosteroids were prescribed to all the patients. Cyclosporine A therapy was required in 2 cases. After a 2.5-year median follow-up, visual acuity had improved in all cases. Of note, 4 of 6 patients carried the HLA-DRB1*01 allele. CONCLUSION The TINU syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with visual and renal manifestations. The presence of renal dysfunction in patients with uveitis may be of some help, as a warning sign, for the recognition of patients who require a rapid diagnosis and therapy. In Southern Spain, the TINU syndrome appears to be associated with HLA-DRB1*01 allele.
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Abstract
The world's medical literature on tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome was reviewed, and data on 133 patients with TINU syndrome were identified. The median age of onset was 15 years (range 9-74 years) with a 3:1 female-to-male predominance. Common laboratory abnormalities included elevated Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rates and elevated urinary beta-2-microglobulin levels. Ocular symptoms preceded systemic symptoms in 21% of cases, and followed systemic symptoms by up to 14 months in 65% of cases. Uveitis involved only the anterior segment in 80% of cases. Uveitis was bilateral at presentation in 77% of cases. Patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids in 80% of cases and with immunosuppressive drugs in 9% of cases. Uveitis recurred or followed a chronic course in 56% of patients and persisted for several years in some cases. Ocular complications (including posterior synechiae, cataracts, and elevated intraocular pressure) were reported in 21% of cases. The visual prognosis appears to be good. Persistent renal dysfunction was reported in 11% of cases, including five patients who required renal dialysis. TINU syndrome is a distinct clinical entity that may be under-recognized and may account for some cases of unexplained chronic or recurrent uveitis. It is important for ophthalmologists, nephrologists, and primary care providers to be familiar with this disorder to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Mandeville
- Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los, Angeles, CA 90095-7003, USA
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Levinson RD, Mandeville JT, Holland GN, Rosenbaum JT. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome: recognizing the importance of an uncommon disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 129:798-9. [PMID: 10926991 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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