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Austin EW, Austin BW, Power TG, Parker L, Kaiser CK, Edwards Z. Youth Perspectives on the Effects of a Family-centered Media Literacy Intervention to Encourage Healthier Eating. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:122-135. [PMID: 36571284 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2160078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A pretest-posttest field test with control group (N = 189 parent-child dyads) tested a structural model representing youths' (ages 9-14) perspectives to examine the efficacy of a family-centered, media literacy-oriented intervention promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. The intervention facilitated critical discussion about nutrition and media, mentored by the parent. Results showed that youths' increases in fruit and vegetable consumption flowed from parent-child discussion of nutrition labels, which was predicted by child-initiated discussion, critical thinking about media sources, and critical thinking about media content. Multivariate analyses revealed that the intervention was productive for all participating age groups and for all dependent variables. The results suggest that a developmental progression from critical thinking about source to critical thinking about content affects behavior change and can be catalyzed through media literacy education and encouragement to discuss media messages (i.e. practice) with parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Weintraub Austin
- Edward R. Murrow Center for Media and Health Promotion Research, Department of Strategic Communication, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University
| | - Bruce W Austin
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University
| | - Thomas G Power
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University
| | - Louise Parker
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University
| | - C Kit Kaiser
- Department of Strategic Communication, The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University
| | - Zena Edwards
- Extension Youth & Families, Washington State University
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Monsillion J, Zebdi R, Romo-Desprez L. School Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Youth, and Considerations for Anxiety, Depression, and a Positive School Climate-A Systematic Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050861. [PMID: 37238409 DOI: 10.3390/children10050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are growing in popularity, with research concerning their efficacy with youth populations. Following a preliminary analysis of the existing literature, and given the positive effects of such programs, we felt it relevant to assess whether research has considered the implications for MBIs on children and adolescents, with regard to depression, anxiety, and school climate. OBJECTIVES We aim to estimate the effect of MBIs as innovative interventions addressing youths in school settings, with special consideration for anxiety, depression, and school climate outcomes. METHOD This review investigates the existing literature in the field of mindfulness, using quasi-experimental and randomized control trial (RCT) models, targeted at youth (5-18 years) in school settings. A search was carried out in four databases-WebofScience, Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycARTICLES. This resulted in 39 articles, which were sorted based on predetermined inclusion criteria; 12 articles qualified. RESULTS The results show discrepancies in terms of methodological and implementation variables, types of interventions, instructor trainings, assessment measures, and choice of practices and exercises, which make the effects of existing school MBIs difficult to compare. Consistencies were observed in emotional and behavioral regulation, prosocial behaviors, and reducing stress and anxiety in students. The results of this systematic review also suggest that MBIs could be potential mediators in improving student well-being and environmental factors, such as school and class climates. Specifically, children's sense of safety and community can be improved by an improved quality of relationships between students, their peers, and teachers. Future research should consider incorporating school climate perspectives, such as implementing whole-school MBI approaches and using replicable and comparable study designs and methods, whilst considering the capacities and limitations of the academic and institutional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Monsillion
- UR 4430 Clipsyd, Department of Psychology, Université Paris Nanterre, 200, Avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre, France
| | - Rafika Zebdi
- UR 4430 Clipsyd, Department of Psychology, Université Paris Nanterre, 200, Avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre, France
| | - Lucia Romo-Desprez
- UR 4430 Clipsyd, Department of Psychology, Université Paris Nanterre, 200, Avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre, France
- Hopital Raymond-Poincaré (APHP), Inserm CESP 1018 UPS, 104 Bvd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
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3
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Park S, Lee H, Kim J. Role of alcohol media literacy in alcohol use among children and adolescents: a systematic review. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6827738. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Enhancing alcohol media literacy (AML) is a critical strategy to attenuate negative effects of alcohol-related media messages. We aimed to systematically review previous studies on AML in children and adolescents. Through database and hand searches, we identified four non-experimental and 13 experimental studies. From the 17 studies, we extracted data on theoretical framework, AML measures, intervention contents and main findings. Our review revealed the following. First, nine and four studies used a single theory and at least two theories, respectively. The most frequently used theory was the Message Interpretation Process model. Second, 13 studies assessed AML using participant self-reporting or evaluators’ ratings of participant performance, but no study reported validities of AML measures. Eight studies assessed tobacco or general media literacy as well as AML. Third, all experimental studies used three to five media literacy core concepts proposed by the Center for Media Literacy in AML interventions. Finally, all non-experimental studies found strong cross-sectional associations between higher AML and improved drinking outcomes; all experimental studies found strong intervention effects, such as an increase in AML or improvement in drinking outcomes. In addition, intervention effects differed across participants’ gender and drinking experiences. Given our review, health professionals should implement strategies to enhance children and adolescents’ AML. Future research should investigate (i) causal inferences in non-experimental studies, (ii) long-term intervention effects in experimental studies and (iii) differences in intervention effects across participants’ characteristics, while using solid theoretical frameworks and multidimensional AML concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Park
- College of Nursing Science, East-West Nursing Research Institute, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Haein Lee
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Daegu Catholic University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Kim
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Intravia J, Vito AG, Rocheleau GC. Low Self-Control and Vaping: The Mediating Role of Health and Risk Perceptions. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:956-966. [PMID: 35341458 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2052102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown independent attention in the role of self-control and health/risk perceptions toward vaping in predicting vaping use among youth and young adults. Yet, there are good theoretical notions to believe that low self-control, perceptions toward vaping, and self-reported vaping are intertwined. OBJECTIVES To examine whether three different health/risk perceptions toward vaping mediate the effect of low self-control on vaping use among young adults. METHODS A survey was administered to 325 undergraduate students attending a large university in the Midwest (Mean age = 19.5; 60.4% female; 73.1% White). Single and multiple mediation modeling strategies were used to assess the mediation hypothesis. RESULTS Logistic regression results indicate that individuals with low self-control are more likely to vape (O.R. = 1.041, p < .05). Further, when health/risk perceptions are included in the models individually and simultaneously, it reduces the effect of low self-control on vaping between 15% and 37.5%, and renders low self-control to become non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the impact that harm/risk perceptions toward vaping have in engaging in this behavior. Thus, preventative efforts should target potential sources, such as media and advertisements, that may shape young adults' perceptions toward vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Intravia
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Anthony G Vito
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Gregory C Rocheleau
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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Park S, Kim J. Relationships of Smoking Media Literacy with Smoking Behavior, Attitudes, and Susceptibility among Adolescents in the Republic of Korea. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:809-817. [PMID: 34985408 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.2015643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The literature has indicated that higher smoking media literacy (i.e., SML) can buffer adverse effects of exposure to pro-smoking media content (i.e., PMC) on smoking-related outcomes in adolescence. Thus, we aimed to investigate (a) SML levels among Korean adolescents and (b) relationships of SML with smoking behavior, attitudes, and susceptibility. In 2017, we collected cross-sectional data from nine middle or high schools in Korea, using a convenience sampling method (N = 476). For the first aim, we calculated the average score of SML. For the second aim, we conducted multinomial logistic regression (MLR), multiple linear regression, and binary multiple logistic regression. Additionally, we conducted Firth logistic regression and confirmed the robustness of our findings obtained from the MLR. The average SML score was 6.48 out of 10 points, indicating that our respondents' average SML was slightly above the middle level. In addition, after adjusting for factors potentially affecting associations between SML and the three smoking-related outcomes, we found significant protective relationships of SML with all smoking-related outcomes: smoking behavior, attitudes, and susceptibility. Given our findings, the enhancement of SML through education should be considered an important strategy to weaken the link between exposure to PMC and smoking-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Park
- College of Nursing Science, East-West Nursing Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Kim
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Galli F, Palombi T, Mallia L, Chirico A, Zandonai T, Alivernini F, De Maria A, Zelli A, Lucidi F. Promoting Media Literacy Online: An Intervention on Performance and Appearance Enhancement Substances with Sport High School Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115596. [PMID: 34073845 PMCID: PMC8197259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus required adjustment regarding the delivery of interventions. Media literacy interventions are necessary to help people acquire relevant skills to navigate the complexities of media communications, and to encourage health-promoting behaviors. The present study aimed to promote a media literacy intervention regarding performance and appearance enhancement substances use in sports high school students. The COVID-19 contingency allowed us to evaluate whether online sessions can effectively promote greater awareness of media influence, a stronger sense of confidence in persuading others to deal with media messages, and healthier attitudes about PAES use among high school students. The study relied on an "intervention group" comprising 162 students (31.5% female) and a "control group" comprising 158 students (42% female). Data were analyzed through repeated measures of Group X Time MANOVA and ANOVA, demonstrating some degree of efficacy of the media literacy intervention. The "intervention group" reported higher awareness of potential newspapers' influence and a significant increase in their sense of confidence in dealing with media influence compared to the "control group". Findings support the efficacy of online media literacy programs to prevent doping consumption in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Galli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.M.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Thomas Zandonai
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Alessandra De Maria
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Arnaldo Zelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (A.C.); (F.A.); (F.L.)
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Santos O, Stefanovska-Petkovska M, Virgolino A, Miranda AC, Costa J, Fernandes E, Cardoso S, Vaz Carneiro A. Functional Health Literacy: Psychometric Properties of the Newest Vital Sign for Portuguese Adolescents (NVS-PTeen). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030790. [PMID: 33673682 PMCID: PMC7997379 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-management of health requires skills to obtain, process, understand, and use health-related information. Assessment of adolescents’ functional health literacy requires valid, reliable, and low-burden tools. The main objective of this study was to adapt and study the psychometric properties of the Newest Vital Sign for the Portuguese adolescents’ population (NVS-PTeen). Classic psychometric indicators of reliability and validity were combined with item response theory (IRT) analyses in a cross-sectional survey, complemented with a 3-month test-retest assessment. The NVS-PTeen was self-administered to students enrolled in grades 8 to 12 (12 to 17 years old) in a school setting. Overall, 386 students (191 girls) from 16 classes of the same school participated in the study (mean age = 14.5; SD = 1.5). Internal reliability of the NVS-PTeen was α = 0.60. The NVS-PTeen total score was positively and significantly correlated with Portuguese (r = 0.28) and mathematics scores (r = 0.31), school years (r = 0.31), and age (r = 0.19). Similar to the original scale (for the U.S.), the NVS-PTeen is composed of two dimensions, reading-related literacy and numeracy. Temporal reliability is adequate, though with a learning effect. IRT analyses revealed differences in difficulty and discriminative capacity among items, all with adequate outfit and infit values. Results showed that the NVS-PTeen is valid and reliable, sensible to inter-individual educational differences, and adequate for regular screening of functional health literacy in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Santos
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (A.V.); (A.C.M.); (J.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Unbreakable Idea Research, Lda., 2550-426 Painho, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-936-103-168
| | - Miodraga Stefanovska-Petkovska
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (A.V.); (A.C.M.); (J.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (A.V.); (A.C.M.); (J.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana Cristina Miranda
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (A.V.); (A.C.M.); (J.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Joana Costa
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (A.V.); (A.C.M.); (J.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | | | - Susana Cardoso
- MARE, Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
- CiTechCare, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
| | - António Vaz Carneiro
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (A.V.); (A.C.M.); (J.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Institute for Evidence Based Healthcare, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Cochrane Portugal, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Davis JP, Christie NC, Lee D, Saba S, Ring C, Boyle S, Pedersen ER, LaBrie J. Temporal, Sex-Specific, Social Media-Based Alcohol Influences during the Transition to College. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1208-1215. [PMID: 33960265 PMCID: PMC9429598 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1914106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The transition to college is an important developmental phase, usually met with increased social desirability, access to alcohol, and new peer groups. Recently, research has utilized social media as a predictor of events during college, but few have assessed how social media can influence alcohol use during the transition to college. Methods: Participants (N = 320) were recruited prior to entering their first year of college. Participants were 18 years old, 60.7% were women, with 46.3% identifying as White, 16.5% Hispanic, 14.9% Asian, 9.5% Black, and 7.6% other. Each participant was assessed three times: prior to matriculation, first semester, and second semester of their freshman year. We assessed the effect of exposure to alcohol content via social media on long-term trajectories of alcohol use. We also assessed self-reported sex as a moderator. Results: Exposure to alcohol content (over and above one's own posting of alcohol content) was associated with greater frequency of drinking during the transition to college. In the multi-group model, exposure to alcohol content was associated with greater drinking prior to matriculation for men. However, for women, exposure to alcohol content was associated with greater alcohol use in the first semester of college. Conclusion: Our results indicate exposure to alcohol-related media content is a strong predictor, over and above one's own positing, of increased drinking, and this effect varies by sex and point in time. Our results lend support for more tailored and time-specific prevention programming for incoming freshmen that should integrate social media normative feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan P Davis
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC Center for Mindfulness Science, USC Institute on Addiction Science, USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nina C Christie
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shaddy Saba
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Colin Ring
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Boyle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute on Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph LaBrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Peiper N, Aramburú C, Thompson K, Abadi M. Differential patterns of e-cigarette and tobacco marketing exposures among youth: Associations with substance use and tobacco prevention strategies. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 86:102925. [PMID: 33217687 PMCID: PMC8715723 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study identified patterns of tobacco marketing exposures among youth and examined their associations with substance use and tobacco prevention strategies. METHODS In Fall 2018, 2,058 middle and high school students (ages 11-18) in an Appalachian county completed a substance use and behavioral health surveillance survey. We conducted latent class analysis (LCA) to identify exposure classes based on responses to 14 tobacco marketing exposures. Multinomial logistic regression was then performed to determine associations between the latent classes with past 30-day substance use and tobacco prevention strategies (e.g., school policies, parental rules, prevention messages). RESULTS Four latent classes of marketing exposure were identified among middle school students: low exposure, television, social media, and high exposure. Multinomial logistic regression found significant associations between e-cigarette use with the social media and high exposure classes, while prescription drug use was associated with the social media class and alcohol use with the high exposure class. For high school students, five classes were identified: low exposure, social media, environmental, cigarettes, and high exposure. E-cigarette and prescription drug use were associated with the social media and high exposure classes. Cigarette use was associated with the social media class. School rules prohibiting e-cigarettes were associated with the television class for middle school students. Self-reported exposure to prevention messages about the harms of tobacco were associated with multiple exposure classes for both middle (television and social media) and high school (social media and cigarettes) students, suggesting that both pro- and anti-tobacco communications have become ubiquitous and may be saturating youth. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the need for stricter tobacco marketing regulations and multi-level interventions beginning in early adolescence that focus on increasing media-based literacy for youth to better discern tobacco prevention messages from pro-tobacco communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Peiper
- Louisville Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 401 West Main Street, Suite 2100, Louisville 40202, KY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville 40202, KY, USA.
| | - Camila Aramburú
- Louisville Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 401 West Main Street, Suite 2100, Louisville 40202, KY, USA.
| | - Kirsten Thompson
- Louisville Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 401 West Main Street, Suite 2100, Louisville 40202, KY, USA.
| | - Melissa Abadi
- Louisville Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 401 West Main Street, Suite 2100, Louisville 40202, KY, USA.
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Short term effects of the REAL media e-learning media literacy substance prevention curriculum: An RCT of adolescents disseminated through a community organization. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 214:108170. [PMID: 32693198 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of testing an e-learning program to reduce adolescent substance use and abuse. Early initiation of substance use is linked to a variety of negative outcomes, thus effective intervention programs are needed. One approach is to use media literacy to capitalize on adolescents' immersion with media in a variety of forms. We developed, implemented, and tested an engaging substance use prevention program by collaborating with a youth-oriented community partner (4-H). METHODS 639 middle adolescents from nine U.S. states participated in an RCT of REAL media. Participants completed a series of online surveys and were randomized to use an online substance prevention program (REAL media) or serve as control (delayed program use). Self-report surveys were administered at three points in time. This short-term evaluation uses data from the pretest (Time 1) and short-term posttest three-month surveys, which measured demographics, self-efficacy to counterargue, and injunctive and descriptive substance use norms. RESULTS Participants who completed the REAL media program reported increased self-efficacy to counterargue and decreased positive injunctive norms compared to control participants who did not complete the program. No significant differences were observed for descriptive norms. CONCLUSIONS We found support for the REAL media program in changing key predictors of youth substance use demonstrating (1) the efficacy of media literacy interventions targeting adolescents and (2) that e-learning substance use prevention efforts can be adapted for and implemented through community organizations.
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Russell AM, Yu B, Thompson CG, Sussman SY, Barry AE. Assessing the relationship between youth religiosity and their alcohol use: A meta-analysis from 2008 to 2018. Addict Behav 2020; 106:106361. [PMID: 32120200 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Underage alcohol use, and associated deleterious consequences, persists as a serious public health issue. In particular, early initiation of alcohol use increases risk for the development of alcohol use disorders later on in life. Religiosity - a multidimensional construct, encompassing personal beliefs, commitments, practices, and public behaviors - has demonstrated a strong protective effect on alcohol consumption; as one's religiosity increases their alcohol use behaviors decrease. This meta-analysis includes research spanning years 2008-2018, and specifically examines whether measuring religiosity via a single dimension, as compared to multiple dimensions, impacts the association between alcohol use and religiosity. METHOD A systematic electronic database search spanning three databases using relevant key terms was conducted. Overall, 16 studies were deemed appropriate for subsequent analyses. Effect sizes were calculated, homogeneity of effect sizes was assessed, overall weighted effects were computed, and moderator analyses were conducted to examine the effects of study-level characteristics on the variability of effect sizes. RESULTS Religiosity demonstrated a statistically significant protective effect on adolescent alcohol use (Z = -0.21, p < .001). Measurement of religiosity (i.e., unidimensional versus multidimensional) explained a statistically significant amount of effect-size heterogeneity (Qb(1) = 7.38, p = .007). Thus, religiosity measure dimensionality had a significant effect on the protective effect of youth religiosity on alcohol use. CONCLUSION Results highlight the protective effect of youth religiosity on alcohol use. To further understand the scope of this protective association, future research would benefit from exploring the multidimensional nature of religiosity and the associations between varying conceptualizations of religiosity and adolescent alcohol use outcomes.
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Mallia L, Chirico A, Zelli A, Galli F, Palombi T, Bortoli L, Conti C, Diotaiuti P, Robazza C, Schena F, Vitali F, Zandonai T, Lucidi F. The Implementation and Evaluation of a Media Literacy Intervention About PAES Use in Sport Science Students. Front Psychol 2020; 11:368. [PMID: 32265771 PMCID: PMC7105711 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With respect to both competitive and amateur/fitness sports, media may strongly influence young people's opinions and behaviors concerning the use of PAES (Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances). The present investigation addressed this topic by focusing on sport sciences students' beliefs concerning the possible role of media related to the implementation and evaluation of a PAES-focus media literacy intervention conducted with sport science students. This study relied on a sample of 521 students (attrition rate 10.3%) (45.1% female, mean age = 22.6, SD = 2.20), which provided baseline data on students' levels of media literacy concerning the use of PAES (i.e. "descriptive sample"), and a sample of 248 students, who participated in and provided data on the media literacy intervention. This latter sample included a group of 128 students (44.5% female, mean age = 23.03, SD = 3.76) who actively participated in the intervention (i.e. "intervention group"), and a group of 120 students who did not (i.e. "control group", 53.3% female, mean age = 22.25, SD = 2.47). All students filled out media literacy questionnaires targeting students' awareness of media influence, their views about the realism of media content, their sense of confidence in dealing with media messages, and their positive attitudes toward PAES use. Analyses of questionnaire data showed that students are relatively aware of media influence on people's views and behaviors with respect to PAES use. At the same time, students also believed that young people do not consider media as "realistic sources" of information; nonetheless, they also did not consider themselves entirely capable of dealing effectively with media messages. With respect to the intervention, students overall appreciated and greatly welcomed the educational program on media literacy, and the analyses of intervention data across intervention and control groups showed that key media literacy variables changed over time, attesting to the overall effectiveness of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Zelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Galli
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bortoli
- BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristiana Conti
- BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Diotaiuti
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Physical Activity and Lifestyles, Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Claudio Robazza
- BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Vitali
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Thomas Zandonai
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Austin EW, Austin BW, Kaiser CK. Effects of Family-Centered Media Literacy Training on Family Nutrition Outcomes. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 21:308-318. [PMID: 32060881 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parents frustrated about food marketing influences need media management skills to challenge marketing messages and interpret factual content. We tested a media literacy-based, family-centered intervention to reduce effects of appealing, but unrealistic, food marketing. We hypothesized that participation would facilitate family discussion that improves the home dietary environment and increases youth consumption of fruits and vegetables. Parent-child (age 9-14) dyads (N = 189) participated in a matched-group, pretest/posttest field experiment testing a 6-week media literacy-based curriculum. Hypothesis testing employed multiple analysis of covariance and Bayesian multigroup structural equation modeling (MGSEM). Improved nutrition outcomes for parents included talk with youth about food nutrition labels (d = 0.343) and ratio of healthy to unhealthy food in home (d = 0.232); youth improved talk with parent about food nutrition labels (d = 0.211), vegetables eaten yesterday (d = 0.264), and fruit eaten yesterday (d = 1.386). Bayesian MGSEM revealed that in the intervention group, 12 of 17 tested paths were significant (p < .05), compared with only 4 in the control group, with average effect size magnitudes of 0.236 and 0.113, respectively. Media literacy education can empower parents and improve youths' critical thinking to reduce negative effects of food marketing on families and improve use of media to obtain nutrition information that aids dietary choices. This approach reduces the risk for reactance from youth who like media and resist limiting media use, while helping families use media together to make better nutrition decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Weintraub Austin
- Edward R. Murrow Center for Media & Health Promotion Research, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Goertzen Communication Addition 101, Washington State University, Mail Code 2520, Pullman, WA, 99164-2520, USA.
| | - Bruce W Austin
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University, Mail Code 2136, Pullman, WA, 99164-2136, USA
| | - C Kit Kaiser
- Edward R. Murrow Center for Media & Health Promotion Research, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Goertzen Communication Addition 101, Washington State University, Mail Code 2520, Pullman, WA, 99164-2520, USA
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Davis JP, Pedersen ER, Tucker JS, Dunbar MS, Seelam R, Shih R, D'Amico EJ. Long-term Associations Between Substance Use-Related Media Exposure, Descriptive Norms, and Alcohol Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1311-1326. [PMID: 31025156 PMCID: PMC6816265 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults in the United States are constantly exposed to substance-related media and advertising content. The current study seeks to explore, developmentally, how exposure to substance-related media content influences both normative beliefs about peer alcohol use and individual alcohol use. Youth (N = 4'840; 50.6% female) were followed for ten years from age 12 to 22. Auto-regressive latent trajectory with structured residual (ALT-SR) models were used to explore within-person reciprocal associations between substance-related media content, descriptive norms, and alcohol use. Results indicated that' across adolescence and young adulthood, exposure to substance-related media content was associated with increased alcohol use via perceived alcohol norms. The pathway from media exposure to alcohol use was mediated by increased perceived norms for adolescents only. With screen time increasing over the last decade, it is important to invest resources into real-time interventions that address substance-related social media content as it relates to misperceived norms and to begin these interventions in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan P Davis
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Michael S Dunbar
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Ave #600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rachana Seelam
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Regina Shih
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Ave #600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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15
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Scull TM, Kupersmidt JB, Malik CV, Morgan-Lopez AA. Using Media Literacy Education for Adolescent Sexual Health Promotion in Middle School: Randomized Control Trial of Media Aware. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 23:1051-1063. [PMID: 30468408 PMCID: PMC6532771 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2018.1548669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the short-term efficacy of Media Aware, a classroom-based media literacy education (MLE) program for improving adolescents' sexual health outcomes. In a randomized control trial, schools were randomly assigned to the intervention (N = 5 schools) or health promotion control (N = 4 schools) group. Students completed questionnaires at pretest (N = 880 students) and immediate posttest (N = 926 students). The Media Aware program had a significant favorable impact on adolescent outcomes related to sexual health, including increased self-efficacy and intentions to use contraception, if they were to engage in sexual activity; enhanced positive attitudes, self-efficacy, and intentions to communicate about sexual health; decreased acceptance of dating violence and strict gender roles; and increased sexual health knowledge. Program effects were also found for media-related outcomes, including enhanced media deconstruction skills and increased media skepticism. Media deconstruction skills mediated the program's impact on students' intentions to communicate with a medical professional about sexual health issues. This study provides support for the use of MLE with adolescents to promote sexual health.
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Vahedi Z, Sibalis A, Sutherland JE. Are media literacy interventions effective at changing attitudes and intentions towards risky health behaviors in adolescents? A meta-analytic review. J Adolesc 2018; 67:140-152. [PMID: 29957493 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Youth are inundated with media products promoting risky health behaviors (RHBs), including substance use and risky sexual activity. Media literacy interventions emphasize critical media consumption to decrease RHBs. However, it is unclear whether they positively influence attitudes and behavioral intentions towards RHBs. We conducted meta-analyses of 15 studies (N = 5000) testing intervention effectiveness on media literacy skills and 20 studies (N = 9177) testing effectiveness on attitudes and intentions towards RHBs. We found positive effects on media literacy skills (Hedge's g = .417, [95% CI, .29-.54]) and attitudes and intentions (Hedge's g = .100 [95% CI, .01-.19]). Intervention medium and target behavior moderated intervention success on attitudes and intentions, but no moderators emerged for media literacy skills. These interventions produce positive effects on media literacy skills and positive but smaller effects on attitudes and behavioral intentions, depending on medium and target behaviour. Implications for adolescent health initiatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Vahedi
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B2K3.
| | - Annabel Sibalis
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B2K3.
| | - Jessica E Sutherland
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B2K3.
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Jackson KM, Janssen T, Gabrielli J. Media/Marketing Influences on Adolescent and Young Adult Substance Abuse. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2018; 5:146-157. [PMID: 30393590 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-018-0199-6.media/marketing] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We describe the state of research on substance use portrayals in marketing and media, considering exposure to tobacco, alcohol, e-cigarette, and marijuana content. Putative mechanisms are offered, and recommendations made for effective prevention strategies for mitigating the influence of these portrayals. RECENT FINDINGS There is consistent evidence that adolescents and young adults are highly exposed to substance use portrayals and that these portrayals are associated with subsequent substance use. Exposure via new media (social networking sites, brand websites) has risen rapidly. Social norms and cognitions appear to at least partially account for the effects of portrayals on youth substance use. SUMMARY Digital media has surpassed traditional marketing, which is concerning because youth have on-demand access to content and are active consumers of digital media. Developmentally appropriate media literacy interventions that include a parenting component and target multiple substances and media domains are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Janssen
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Joy Gabrielli
- Department of Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College
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18
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Jackson KM, Janssen T, Gabrielli J. Media/Marketing Influences on Adolescent and Young Adult Substance Abuse. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2018; 5:146-157. [PMID: 30393590 PMCID: PMC6208350 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-018-0199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We describe the state of research on substance use portrayals in marketing and media, considering exposure to tobacco, alcohol, e-cigarette, and marijuana content. Putative mechanisms are offered, and recommendations made for effective prevention strategies for mitigating the influence of these portrayals. RECENT FINDINGS There is consistent evidence that adolescents and young adults are highly exposed to substance use portrayals and that these portrayals are associated with subsequent substance use. Exposure via new media (social networking sites, brand websites) has risen rapidly. Social norms and cognitions appear to at least partially account for the effects of portrayals on youth substance use. SUMMARY Digital media has surpassed traditional marketing, which is concerning because youth have on-demand access to content and are active consumers of digital media. Developmentally appropriate media literacy interventions that include a parenting component and target multiple substances and media domains are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Janssen
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Joy Gabrielli
- Department of Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College
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19
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Scull TM, Kupersmidt JB, Malik CV, Keefe EM. Examining the efficacy of an mHealth media literacy education program for sexual health promotion in older adolescents attending community college. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:165-177. [PMID: 29068772 PMCID: PMC5843508 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1393822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of a mobile health (mHealth), media literacy education program, Media Aware, for improving sexual health outcomes in older adolescent community college students. PARTICIPANTS 184 community college students (ages 18-19) participated in the study from April-December 2015. METHODS Eight community college campuses were randomly assigned to either the intervention or a wait-list control group. Student participants from each campus completed web-based pretest and posttest questionnaires. Intervention group students received Media Aware in between questionnaires. RESULTS Several intervention effects of the Media Aware program were significant, including reducing older adolescents' self-reported risky sexual behaviors; positively affecting knowledge, attitudes, normative beliefs, and intentions related to sexual health; and increasing media skepticism. Some gender differences in the findings were revealed. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that Media Aware is a promising means of delivering comprehensive sexual health education to older adolescents attending community college.
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20
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Sanchez AL, Cornacchio D, Poznanski B, Golik AM, Chou T, Comer JS. The Effectiveness of School-Based Mental Health Services for Elementary-Aged Children: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:153-165. [PMID: 29496124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given problems and disparities in the use of community-based mental health services for youth, school personnel have assumed frontline mental health service roles. To date, most research on school-based services has evaluated analog educational contexts with services implemented by highly trained study staff, and little is known about the effectiveness of school-based mental health services when implemented by school professionals. METHOD Random-effects meta-analytic procedures were used to synthesize effects of school-based mental health services for elementary school-age children delivered by school personnel and potential moderators of treatment response. Forty-three controlled trials evaluating 49,941 elementary school-age children met the selection criteria (mean grade 2.86, 60.3% boys). RESULTS Overall, school-based services demonstrated a small-to-medium effect (Hedges g = 0.39) in decreasing mental health problems, with the largest effects found for targeted intervention (Hedges g = 0.76), followed by selective prevention (Hedges g = 0.67), compared with universal prevention (Hedges g = 0.29). Mental health services integrated into students' academic instruction (Hedges g = 0.59), those targeting externalizing problems (Hedges g = 0.50), those incorporating contingency management (Hedges g = 0.57), and those implemented multiple times per week (Hedges g = 0.50) showed particularly strong effects. CONCLUSION Considering serious barriers precluding youth from accessing necessary mental health care, the present meta-analysis suggests child psychiatrists and other mental health professionals are wise to recognize the important role that school personnel, who are naturally in children's lives, can play in decreasing child mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Sanchez
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami.
| | | | - Bridget Poznanski
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Alejandra M Golik
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Tommy Chou
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Jonathan S Comer
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami
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Austin EW, Austin BW, French BF, Cohen MA. The Effects of a Nutrition Media Literacy Intervention on Parents' and Youths' Communication about Food. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 23:190-199. [PMID: 29338585 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2018.1423649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interventions addressing links between media exposure and obesity risk for school-age youth have not explicitly addressed the role of family communication about media. Youths' influence attempts on parents to purchase advertised foods can create conflict and negatively affect parental food choices. This study tested whether a family-based media literacy curriculum improves parents' media management skills and decreases youths' susceptibility to appealing but unrealistic food marketing. A matched-group pretest/posttest field experiment of parent-youth dyads with control group (N = 100 dyads, youth M = 11 years of age) tested the six-session curriculum. Hypotheses were analyzed using a Bayesian structural equation model. The curriculum increased parents' active negative mediation to foster youths' critical thinking about food marketing, b* = 0.35, 95% CCI [0.17, 0.50], increased parent Efficacy for making healthy dietary changes for their families, b* = 0.59, 95% CCI [0.41, 0.75], and fostered family discussion about nutrition labels (total effect = 0.22). Additionally, cumulative influences of Perceived Desirability and Wishful Identification on youths' requests for marketed foods were reduced (total effect = 0.04). Media literacy education can empower parents and improve youths' critical thinking to reduce effects of food marketing on families and improve use of media to obtain nutrition information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Weintraub Austin
- a Murrow Center for Media & Health Promotion Research, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- b Office of the Provost and Executive Vice President, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Bruce W Austin
- c Department of Educational Leadership, Sport Studies, and Educational/Counseling Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman , WA, USA
| | - Brian F French
- c Department of Educational Leadership, Sport Studies, and Educational/Counseling Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman , WA, USA
| | - Marilyn A Cohen
- d Northwest Center for Excellence in Media Literacy , College of Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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22
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Scull TM, Malik CV, Kupersmidt JB. Understanding the unique role of media message processing in predicting adolescent sexual behavior intentions in the United States. JOURNAL OF CHILDREN AND MEDIA 2017; 12:258-274. [PMID: 30034508 PMCID: PMC6051720 DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2017.1403937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role that media message processing variables stemming from the Message Interpretation Process (MIP) model play in adolescents' intentions to engage in sexual activity. Data collected from 873 adolescents in the United States were examined in an ordered logistic regression model containing demographic variables; attitudes; self-efficacy; parent and peer normative beliefs; and media message processing variables. The analyses revealed that media message processing variables have a unique influence on adolescent sexual intentions above and beyond the influence of all the other predictors. Specifically, higher levels of perceived realism of, perceived similarity to, and identification with media messages were related to higher levels of adolescent sexual intent. These findings support the relevance of logical processing of media messages for adolescent intentions for sexual activity and suggest that this may be a possible cognitive mechanism to address in media literacy education programs focusing on promoting healthy decision-making.
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23
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Chen Y, Porter KJ, Estabrooks PA, Zoellner J. Development and Evaluation of the Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Media Literacy (SSB-ML) Scale and Its Relationship With SSB Consumption. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 32:1310-1317. [PMID: 27690635 PMCID: PMC5576146 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1220041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how adults' media literacy skill sets impact their sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake provides insight into designing effective interventions to enhance their critical analysis of marketing messages and thus improve their healthy beverage choices. However, a media literacy scale focusing on SSBs is lacking. This cross-sectional study uses baseline data from a large randomized controlled trial to (a) describe the psychometric properties of an SSB Media Literacy Scale (SSB-ML) scale and its subdomains, (b) examine how the scale varies across demographic variables, and (c) explain the scale's concurrent validity to predict SSB consumption. Results from 293 adults in rural southwestern Virginia (81.6% female, 94.0% White, 54.1% receiving SNAP and/or WIC benefits, average 410 SSB kcal daily) show that overall SSB-ML scale and its subdomains have strong internal consistencies (Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.65 to 0.83). The Representation & Reality domain significantly predicted SSB kilocalories, after controlling for demographic variables. This study has implications for the assessment and inclusion of context-specific media literacy skills in behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonnes Chen
- William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications, University of Kansas
| | | | - Paul A. Estabrooks
- Department of Health Promotion, Social & Behavioral Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Jamie Zoellner
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech
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24
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Gordon CS, Howard SJ, Kervin LK, Jones SC. Gender Effects in a Multischool Alcohol Media Literacy Study With Preadolescents. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2017; 45:311-314. [PMID: 28933186 DOI: 10.1177/1090198117731601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol media literacy (AML) programs have achieved positive results for alcohol prevention; however, gender may moderate program effectiveness. This study investigated gender differences for an Australian AML intervention. METHOD Fifth and sixth graders ( N = 165), allocated to an intervention or wait-list control group, participated in an AML program. Student questionnaires were administered at three time points. RESULTS The intervention resulted in significantly higher media deconstruction skills but did not lead to less preference for branded merchandise or greater understanding of persuasive intent, and these effects did not differ by gender. Gender differences were present in social norms for drinking and alcohol expectancies. CONCLUSIONS AML education likely has appeal and benefit to both genders as it connects with students' lifeworlds. Social norms may be more difficult to shift for males due to a more ingrained drinking culture. Future research could explore contextual factors responsible for gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe S Gordon
- 1 Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2 University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steven J Howard
- 2 University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa K Kervin
- 2 University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra C Jones
- 1 Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Park E, Kulbok PA, Keim-Malpass J, Drake E, Kennedy MJ. Adolescent Smoking Prevention: Feasibility and Effect of Participatory Video Production. J Pediatr Nurs 2017; 36:197-204. [PMID: 28888503 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested whether a youth participatory video production program for smoking prevention is feasible and effective. DESIGN AND METHODS A participatory video production program was implemented in eight twice-weekly sessions at a youth summer camp in a community center in a low-income neighborhood. Twenty-three youths participated. Descriptive statistics and a qualitative analysis were conducted to test the feasibility of the program by assessing attendance rates, the time and resources required, reasons for participation, and program satisfaction using checklists and interviews. Smoking intention was measured via pre- and post-intervention surveys and a quantitative analysis utilizing a Wilcoxon Signed Rank test to detect differences in intention for non-smoking. RESULTS Participants worked in groups to produce four video clips containing anti-smoking messages. Three main themes (active engagement, participation for community health, and personal growth and healthy development) emerged from the qualitative interview data. >75% of the participants considered the program excellent and stated that it met their expectations. Significant positive changes were also found from baseline to post-intervention in intention not to smoke. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the effect of a participatory digital media production approach and confirmed its feasibility for youth health promotion and health education. Participants' active involvement in producing anti-smoking videos for a community health-promotion campaign decreased their intention to smoke and empowered them as advocates for a non-smoking community. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS These findings confirm the feasibility and utility of digital media use and interactive technology for actively engaging young people in health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Park
- University at Buffalo, School of Nursing, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Pamela A Kulbok
- University of Virginia, School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | | | - Emily Drake
- University of Virginia, School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Michael J Kennedy
- University of Virginia, Curry School of Education, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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Scull TM, Kupersmidt JB, Weatherholt TN. The effectiveness of online, family-based media literacy education for substance abuse prevention in elementary school children: Study of the Media Detective Family program. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 45:796-809. [PMID: 28989205 PMCID: PMC5628508 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.21893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effectiveness of a family-based, online media literacy education (MLE) program for substance abuse prevention in children from rural areas. A total of 83 families were randomly assigned to receive Media Detective Family (MDF) (n = 47) or a control computer program (n = 36) between pre- and posttest questionnaires. Fifty-one percent (N=42) completed a three-month follow-up questionnaire. Children receiving MDF reported a significant reduction in their use of substances over time compared to children in the control group (d = -.80). Parents receiving MDF reported that the program was convenient and engaging. The current study showed that an online substance use prevention program using MLE and designed for families is an effective intervention method for reducing children's substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Scull
- Innovation Research & Training, 5316 Highgate Drive, Suite 121, Durham, NC 27713,
| | - Janis B Kupersmidt
- Innovation Research & Training, 5316 Highgate Drive, Suite 121, Durham, NC 27713,
| | - Tara N Weatherholt
- Research Education Analyst, International Education, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, (919) 316-3175
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Parisod H, Pakarinen A, Axelin A, Danielsson-Ojala R, Smed J, Salanterä S. Designing a Health-Game Intervention Supporting Health Literacy and a Tobacco-Free Life in Early Adolescence. Games Health J 2017; 6:187-199. [DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2016.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Parisod
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anni Pakarinen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Axelin
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Danielsson-Ojala
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni Smed
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Salanterä
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Gordon CS, Kervin LK, Jones SC, Howard SJ. Qualitative process evaluation of an Australian alcohol media literacy study: recommendations for designing culturally responsive school-based programs. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:155. [PMID: 28153001 PMCID: PMC5288884 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol media literacy programs seek to mitigate the potentially harmful effects of alcohol advertising on children’s drinking intentions and behaviours through equipping them with skills to challenge media messages. In order for such programs to be effective, the teaching and learning experiences must be tailored to their specific cultural context. Media in the Spotlight is an alcohol media literacy program aimed at 9 to 12 year old Australian children. This study evaluates the process and implementation of the program, outlining the factors that facilitated and inhibited implementation. From this evaluation, a pedagogical framework has been developed for health professionals implementing culturally responsive programs in school settings. Methods Process measures included: semi-structured interviews with teachers before and after the program was implemented (n = 11 interviews), program evaluation questionnaires completed by children (n = 166), lesson observations completed by teachers (n = 35 observations), and reflective journal entries completed by the researcher (n = 44 entries). A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse all of the data sets using NVivo. Inductive coding was used, whereby the findings were derived from the research objectives and multiple readings and interpretations of the data. Results Five key pedagogical considerations were identified that facilitated implementation. These were: connecting to the students’ life worlds to achieve cultural significance; empowering students with real-world skills to ensure relevance; ensuring programs are well structured with strong connections to the school curriculum; creating developmentally appropriate activities while providing a range of assessment opportunities; and including hands-on and interactive activities to promote student engagement. Three potential inhibitors to implementing the alcohol media literacy program in upper-elementary school classrooms were identified. These included topic sensitivities, classroom management challenges, and fitting new programs into already busy school schedules. Conclusion Overall, the program content and individual lessons were well received by the teachers and students. The lessons learned from the development, implementation and evaluation of this program can provide health professionals with key pedagogical strategies for designing culturally responsive educational programs. Culturally responsive programs are critical for ensuring interventions are effective for their specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe S Gordon
- Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2520, Australia. .,Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, 3065, Australia.
| | - Lisa K Kervin
- Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2520, Australia
| | - Sandra C Jones
- Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, 3065, Australia
| | - Steven J Howard
- Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2520, Australia
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Rodger S, Bourdage R, Hancock K, Hsiang R, Masters R, Leschied A. Supporting Students: A GRADE Analysis of the Research on Student Wellness and Classroom Mental Health Support. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0829573516684069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recommendations derived from research evidence regarding program implementation in school-based mental health [SBMH] require knowledge of the intervention outcomes as well as the potential to translate program components into schools. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis was applied to major areas of the SBMH literature in addressing the areas of effectiveness and the strength of recommendation in implementation. Nine areas were addressed: emotional intelligence, stigma reduction, mindfulness, anxiety, depression, addictions, suicide prevention, trauma, and eating disorders. Ninety-eight studies were retrieved across the nine areas. Effect sizes based on reported outcomes and estimates on the strength of recommendation were generated in each of the nine areas of interest. These results provide an overview of the quality of the evidence that will be of relevance to school personal in making program selections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Rodger
- The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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The Viability of Media Literacy in Reducing the Influence of Misleading Media Messages on Young People’s Decision-Making Concerning Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Substances. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-016-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
CONTEXTS Alcohol-branded merchandise (ABM) has a longer shelf-life than other forms of alcohol marketing and the potential to become integrated into children's self-identities. OBJECTIVE This review sought to explore the current literature on children's exposure to, and the impact of, ABM. DATA SOURCES PsycInfo, Proquest, Science Direct, and ABI-Inform databases were searched from the earliest available date to May 2015. Additional studies were identified by a manual review of the reference lists of retrieved articles and contacting the corresponding author of each included study. STUDY SELECTION Articles that reported on child or adolescent ownership of ABM and/or the relationship between ABM ownership and drinking were included. DATA EXTRACTION Data on key measures were tabulated; where data of interest were not reported, requests for further information were sent to the articles' authors. RESULTS Nine cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal studies were identified. ABM ownership ranged from 11% to 59% and was higher among older children and males. Seven cross-sectional studies reported associations between ABM ownership and drinking-related behaviors. All 4 longitudinal studies reported a significant relationship between ownership at baseline and drinking initiation at follow-up. LIMITATIONS The small number of available studies, with different measures of ABM ownership and of associations/effects. CONCLUSIONS The few studies exploring ABM ownership are consistent in showing high rates of ownership and associations between ownership and current and future drinking. There is a need for further research into specific aspects of ABM ownership. However, there is also a need for policy interventions to reduce children's access to and ownership of ABM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Jones
- Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Using a mixed-methods approach to measure impact of a school-based nutrition and media education intervention study on fruit and vegetable intake of Italian children. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:1952-63. [PMID: 26857624 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015003729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of a school-based nutrition and media education intervention on the promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption to help prevent childhood obesity. DESIGN The 10-week-long intervention included sessions on nutrition education and media literacy. It also included a health communication media-based campaign workshop during which the children created posters, newsletters and video commercials related to fruits and vegetables targeted to their parents. For evaluation purposes, the study utilized a mixed-methods approach, including a quasi-experimental study (with one intervention group and one control group) and a focus group study. SETTING Four different elementary schools in Treviso (Veneto Region of Italy) agreed to participate in the research. SUBJECTS The target population for the study included 10-year-old Italian children and their parents. RESULTS Data indicate that this intervention was effective for children but not for parents. Evaluation results show that the intervention was effective in significantly increasing children's fruit and vegetable intake (P<0·05) and all psychosocial determinants (P<0·05). CONCLUSIONS The study results confirm the efficacy of a school-based health and media education intervention to address the children's obesity issue and, in particular, to increase children's fruit and vegetable intake. The study also opens a new perspective on the theoretical constructs investigated, because the development of 'ability of expression' could be considered one of the most important factors to determine the efficacy of the intervention.
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Shensa A, Phelps-Tschang J, Miller E, Primack BA. A randomized crossover study of web-based media literacy to prevent smoking. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2016; 31:48-59. [PMID: 26675176 PMCID: PMC4883031 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Feasibly implemented Web-based smoking media literacy (SML) programs have been associated with improving SML skills among adolescents. However, prior evaluations have generally had weak experimental designs. We aimed to examine program efficacy using a more rigorous crossover design. Seventy-two ninth grade students completed a Web-based SML program based on health behavior theory and implemented using a two-group two-period crossover design. Students were randomly assigned by classroom to receive media literacy or control interventions in different sequences. They were assessed three times, at baseline (T0), an initial follow-up after the first intervention (T1) and a second follow-up after the second intervention (T2). Crossover analysis using analysis of variance demonstrated significant intervention coefficients, indicating that the SML condition was superior to control for the primary outcome of total SML (F = 11.99; P < 0.001) and for seven of the nine individual SML items. Results were consistent in sensitivity analyses conducted using non-parametric methods. There were changes in some exploratory theory-based outcomes including attitudes and normative beliefs but not others. In conclusion, while strength of the design of this study supports and extends prior findings around effectiveness of SML programs, influences on theory-based mediators of smoking should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Shensa
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health,
| | | | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hatfield DP, Sliwa SA, Folta SC, Economos CD, Goldberg JP. The critical role of communications in a multilevel obesity-prevention intervention: Lessons learned for alcohol educators. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2016; 100 Suppl 1:S3-S10. [PMID: 26830515 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multilevel interventions to prevent underage drinking are more effective than individual-level strategies, and messaging campaigns are key to such approaches. Recognizing the benefits of translating best practices across public health domains, this paper details the communications campaign from Shape Up Somerville (SUS), an exemplar for multilevel community-based approaches to address pediatric obesity, highlighting lessons learned for alcohol educators. METHODS All elements of SUS, including the communications strategy, were developed collaboratively with local partners. Communication initiatives included community-engaged brand development to unify diverse intervention components; school-based communications to promote new opportunities for healthy eating and physical activity; and media partnerships to promote healthy behaviors community-wide. RESULTS The overall SUS intervention was effective in reducing prevalence of overweight/obesity among first- to third-graders in Somerville relative to control communities. Process evaluation showed that communications successfully reached diverse community segments and raised awareness of and receptivity to changes. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Communications campaigns are essential components of multilevel interventions addressing public health challenges including obesity and underage drinking. Such communications should be developed collaboratively with the target audience and stakeholders, designed to engage community members at multiple levels through multiple channels within a systems framework, and sustained through local partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Hatfield
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Sarah A Sliwa
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sara C Folta
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christina D Economos
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jeanne P Goldberg
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Battram DS, Piché L, Beynon C, Kurtz J, He M. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Children's Perceptions, Factors of Influence, and Suggestions for Reducing Intake. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 48:27-34.e1. [PMID: 26432390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of children's perceptions of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). DESIGN Nine focus groups were conducted in grade 5 and 6 elementary schoolchildren. SETTING Nine urban and rural elementary schools in London, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-one children, 58% of which were male, 52% of whom were in grade 5, and 84% of whom were Caucasian. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Children's views on sugar-sweetened beverages. ANALYSIS Three researchers conducted inductive content analysis on the data independently using the principles of the immersion-crystallization method. RESULTS Participants had a high level of awareness of beverages and their health effects, which was primarily targeted at the sugar content. Dominant factors that influenced children's beverage choices and consumption patterns included taste, parental control practices, accessibility, and advertising. Participants identified a wide array of strategies to reduce SSB consumption in children, including educational strategies for both children and parents and policy-level changes at both the government and school levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Despite a high level of awareness of SSBs, children believed that further education and policies regarding SSBs were warranted. These data may prove helpful in designing effective interventions targeted at children and parents to reduce SSB consumption by children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Battram
- Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Leonard Piché
- Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlene Beynon
- Public Health Research, Education and Development Program, Middlesex-London Health Unit, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanne Kurtz
- Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meizi He
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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Segrott J, Rothwell H, Hewitt G, Playle R, Huang C, Murphy S, Moore L, Hickman M, Reed H. Preventing alcohol misuse in young people: an exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial of the Kids, Adults Together (KAT) programme. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3310/phr03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInvolvement of parents/carers may increase the effectiveness of primary school-based alcohol-misuse prevention projects. However, few interventions have been designed for pre-adolescent children, or specifically involve parents/carers. The Kids, Adults Together (KAT) programme in primary schools aimed to reduce alcohol misuse through such an approach.ObjectiveTo determine the value and feasibility of conducting an effectiveness trial of KAT.DesignParallel-group cluster randomised exploratory trial with an embedded process evaluation. Schools were the unit of randomisation.SettingPrimary schools (n = 9) in south Wales, UK.ParticipantsPupils in Year 5/6 (aged 9–11 years) and their parents/carers; school staff.InterventionThe Kids, Adults Together programme consisted of (1) classwork addressing the effects of alcohol; (2) a family event for children and parents/carers; and (3) a ‘goody bag’ containing fun items, including a digital versatile disc (DVD) for families to watch together. The intervention comprised KAT plus existing alcohol-related activities and lessons. Control-group schools continued with existing alcohol-related lessons and activities.Main outcome measuresKey outcomes related to the progression criteria for a potential future effectiveness trial. These included the acceptability, participation equity, feasibility and implementation of KAT; the recruitment and retention of research participants; and the acceptability and feasibility of research processes, including data collection methods and outcome measures.ResultsNine schools (free school meal entitlement ranging from 1% to 37.2%) participated. Two of five intervention schools withdrew but all four control schools were retained, and these seven schools facilitated all research data collections. Programme acceptability and participation rates were high in all three intervention schools (parent/carer participation rates ranged from 45.1% to 65.7%), although implementation quality varied. At baseline, approximately 75% of eligible children (n = 418) provided data, of whom 257 also provided data at follow-up. Only 27 parents/carers (estimated response rate 6.5%) completed interviews. Most children were willing to complete questionnaires but measures were not appropriate for this age group. Measures of alcohol consumption produced inconsistent responses. Intermediate outcomes on family communication showed no evidence of intervention effectiveness.ConclusionsIn the three schools that received the KAT intervention, it was found to be acceptable to schools and pupils and there were good levels of participation from parents/carers from across a range of socioeconomic groups. However, two intervention schools withdrew from the trial. Findings from intermediate outcomes on family communication did not support programme theory. In addition, the study highlighted challenges in identifying suitable outcome measures for children aged 9–11 years and the feasibility of long-term follow-up via secondary schools.Future workIt would not be appropriate to proceed to an effectiveness trial of KAT. There are doubts/uncertainties about the potential effects of KAT; suitability of measures; the large number of schools which would be required for an effectiveness trial of KAT, and the cost of this; feasibility of follow-up in secondary schools; and programme implementation and theory. There is a need to develop and validate measures for children aged 9–11 years; to test the feasibility of follow-up data collection methods in secondary schools; and to further consider sample size requirements and feasibility.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN80672127.FundingThe exploratory trial of this project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme and the process evaluation was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. The work was undertaken with the support of The Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), a UK Clinical Research Collaboration Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Joint funding (MR/KO232331/1) from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, the Welsh Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged. This project will be published in full inPublic Health Research; Vol. 3, No. 15. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Segrott
- Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Heather Rothwell
- Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gillian Hewitt
- Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rebecca Playle
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chao Huang
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Murphy
- Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laurence Moore
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hayley Reed
- Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Diana A, Bennett N. Federal Mechanisms to Support Intervention Dissemination. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2015; 2015:69-79. [PMID: 26375192 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines federal mechanisms that support program developers and researchers in disseminating effective interventions for public benefit. The purpose of this paper is not to discuss the dissemination of intervention research (i.e., how to inform stakeholders about research findings), nor is it intended to discuss the research of intervention dissemination (i.e., what is the best approach to disseminate an intervention). Rather, the paper discusses the challenges specific to finding pathways to disseminate an intervention and describes federal opportunities to support intervention dissemination. Three specific mechanisms are discussed: Federal Registries of Evidence-Based Programs, the Tiered Evidence Grant Programs, and the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) and the Small Technology Transfer Research (STTR) programs. The article presents some limitations associated with federal mechanisms for dissemination of effective interventions, but is intended to highlight current and future opportunities they may offer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Bennett
- Office of Adolescent Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
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de Kleijn MJJ, Farmer MM, Booth M, Motala A, Smith A, Sherman S, Assendelft WJJ, Shekelle P. Systematic review of school-based interventions to prevent smoking for girls. Syst Rev 2015; 4:109. [PMID: 26272326 PMCID: PMC4536766 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-015-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this review is to study the effect of school-based interventions on smoking prevention for girls. METHODS We performed a systematic review of articles published since 1992 on school-based tobacco-control interventions in controlled trials for smoking prevention among children. We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Databases, CINAHL, Social Science Abstracts, and PsycInfo. Two reviewers independently assessed trials for inclusion and quality and extracted data. A pooled random-effects estimate was estimated of the overall relative risk. RESULTS Thirty-seven trials were included, of which 16 trials with 24,210 girls were included in the pooled analysis. The overall pooled effect was a relative risk (RR) of 0.96 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.86-1.08; I (2)=75 %). One study in which a school-based intervention was combined with a mass media intervention showed more promising results compared to only school-based prevention, and four studies with girl-specific interventions, that could not be included in the pooled analysis, reported statistically significant benefits for attitudes and intentions about smoking and quit rates. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence that school-based smoking prevention programs have a significant effect on preventing adolescent girls from smoking. Combining school-based programs with mass media interventions, and developing girl-specific interventions, deserve additional study as potentially more effective interventions compared to school-based-only intervention programs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42012002322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam J J de Kleijn
- Gender & Women's Health, Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Melissa M Farmer
- VA HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street, North Hills, CA, 91343, USA.
| | - Marika Booth
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, 90401, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - Aneesa Motala
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, 90401, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - Alexandria Smith
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, 90401, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - Scott Sherman
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, 423 East 23rd Street, 10010, New York, NY, USA. .,New York University Langone Medical Center, 227 East 30th Room 642, 10016, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Willem J J Assendelft
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul Shekelle
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, 90401, Santa Monica, CA, USA. .,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, 90073, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Banerjee SC, Greene K, Magsamen-Conrad K, Elek E, Hecht ML. Interpersonal communication outcomes of a media literacy alcohol prevention curriculum. Transl Behav Med 2015; 5:425-32. [PMID: 26622915 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-015-0329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Media literacy intervention efficacy literature has focused on media-relevant (e.g., knowledge and realism) and behavior-relevant outcomes (e.g., attitudes and behaviors), without much attention paid to interpersonal communication outcomes. This project examined interpersonal communication after participation in two versions (analysis plus analysis and analysis plus planning) of the Youth Message Development (YMD) intervention, a brief media literacy curriculum targeted at preventing high school student alcohol use. Participants attended a 75-mins media literacy YMD workshop and completed a delayed posttest questionnaire 3 to 4 months later. Overall, 68 % participants replied affirmatively to interpersonal communication about the YMD intervention. Communication about the workshop moderated the effects of the type of workshop (analysis plus analysis or analysis plus planning) on self-efficacy to counter-argue (but not critical thinking). Interpersonal communication moderated the effects of the YMD intervention on self-efficacy to counter-argue, thereby signaling the importance of including interpersonal communication behaviors in intervention evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita C Banerjee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Kathryn Greene
- Department of Communication, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Kate Magsamen-Conrad
- Department of Communication, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH USA
| | - Elvira Elek
- Drug Violence and Delinquency Prevention, RTI International, Washington, DC USA
| | - Michael L Hecht
- Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
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Agabio R, Trincas G, Floris F, Mura G, Sancassiani F, Angermeyer MC. A Systematic Review of School-Based Alcohol and other Drug Prevention Programs. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2015; 11:102-12. [PMID: 25834630 PMCID: PMC4378029 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901511010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use in adolescents constitutes a major public health concern. Europe is the heaviest drinking region of the world. Several school-based alcohol prevention programs have been developed but it is not clear whether they are really effective. The present study was aimed at identifying the typology with the best evidence of effectiveness in European studies. METHODS A systematic search of meta-analyses and/or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on interventions school-based prevention programs aimed at preventing alcohol consumption or changing the attitudes to consume alcohol. RESULTS A meta-analysis published in 2011 and 12 RCTs more recently published were identified. The meta-analysis evaluated 53 RCTs but only 11.3% of them were conducted in Europe. Globally, 23 RCTs (43.4%) showed some evidence of effectiveness, and 30 RCTs (56.6%) did not find significant difference between the groups. According to the conclusions of the meta-analysis, the Unplugged program should be considered as a practice option in Europe. Among the other 12 RCTs, 42% were conducted in Europe. Globally, 7 studies (58.3%) achieved positive results, and 5 studies (41.7%) did not find significant differences or produced a mixed pattern of results. Three of the 5 European trials (60%) used the Unplugged program with positive results. CONCLUSION Even if further studies should be conducted to confirm these results, Unplugged appears to be the prevention project with the best evidence of effectiveness in European studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Agabio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Trincas
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine and Unit of Psychosomatics and Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Floris
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine and Unit of Psychosomatics and Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gioia Mura
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine and Unit of Psychosomatics and Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine and Unit of Psychosomatics and Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matthias C Angermeyer
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine and Unit of Psychosomatics and Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy ; Center for Public Mental Health, Gosim, Austria
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Primack BA, Colditz JB, Pang KC, Jackson KM. Portrayal of alcohol intoxication on YouTube. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:496-503. [PMID: 25703135 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to characterize the content of leading YouTube videos related to alcohol intoxication and to examine factors associated with alcohol intoxication in videos that were assessed positively by viewers. METHODS We systematically captured the 70 most relevant and popular videos on YouTube related to alcohol intoxication. We employed an iterative process to codebook development which resulted in 42 codes in 6 categories: video characteristics, character socio demographics, alcohol depiction, degree of alcohol use, characteristics associated with alcohol, and consequences of alcohol. RESULTS There were a total of 333,246,875 views for all videos combined. While 89% of videos involved males, only 49% involved females. The videos had a median of 1,646 (interquartile range [IQR] 300 to 22,969) "like" designations and 33 (IQR 14 to 1,261) "dislike" designations each. Liquor was most frequently represented, followed by beer and then wine/champagne. Nearly one-half (44%) of videos contained a brand reference. Humor was juxtaposed with alcohol use in 79% of videos, and motor vehicle use was present in 24%. There were significantly more likes per dislike, indicating more positive sentiment, when there was representation of liquor (29.1 vs. 11.4, p = 0.008), brand references (32.1 vs. 19.2, p = 0.04), and/or physical attractiveness (67.5 vs. 17.8, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Internet videos depicting alcohol intoxication are heavily viewed. Nearly, half of these videos involve a brand-name reference. While these videos commonly juxtapose alcohol intoxication with characteristics such as humor and attractiveness, they infrequently depict negative clinical outcomes. The popularity of this site may provide an opportunity for public health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Primack
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Greene K, Yanovitzky I, Carpenter A, Banerjee SC, Magsamen-Conrad K, Hecht ML, Elek E. A Theory-Grounded Measure of Adolescents' Response to a Media Literacy Intervention. THE JOURNAL OF MEDIA LITERACY EDUCATION 2015; 7:35-49. [PMID: 28042522 PMCID: PMC5198896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Media literacy interventions offer promising avenues for the prevention of risky health behaviors among children and adolescents, but current literature remains largely equivocal about their efficacy. The primary objective of this study was to develop and test theoretically-grounded measures of audiences' degree of engagement with the content of media literacy programs based on the recognition that engagement (and not participation per se) can better explain and predict individual variations in the effects of these programs. We tested the validity and reliability of a measure of engagement with two different samples of 10th grade high school students who participated in a pilot and actual test of a brief media literacy curriculum. Four message evaluation factors (involvement, perceived novelty, critical thinking, personal reflection) emerged and demonstrate acceptable reliability.
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Geraee N, Kaveh MH, Shojaeizadeh D, Tabatabaee HR. Impact of media literacy education on knowledge and behavioral intention of adolescents in dealing with media messages according to Stages of Change. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION & PROFESSIONALISM 2015; 3:9-14. [PMID: 25587549 PMCID: PMC4291508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mass media influence the health behaviors of adolescents. Evidence shows that traditional strategies such as censorship or limitation are no longer efficient; therefore, teaching media literacy is the best way to protect adolescents from harmful effects. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a media literacy training program on knowledge and behavioral intention of a sample of female students according to the stages of change in dealing with media messages. METHODS The study was conducted based on a pre-test and post-test control group design. Some 198 female students including 101 in the intervention group and 97 in the control group participated in this study. The educational program was run using interactive teaching-learning techniques. Data collection was performed using a validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire in three phases including a pre-test, post-test, 1 and post-test, 2. The research data was analyzed through SPSS statistical software, version 14 using both descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS The results of the study showed a significant increase (p=0.001) in the intervention group's knowledge mean scores after the training program. On the other hand, the difference was not significant in the control group (p=0.200). A considerable percentage of the participants, in the intervention and control groups, were in pre contemplation and contemplation stages in the pre-test (64 and 61, respectively). After the intervention, however, a significant improvement (p=0.001) was observed in the intervention group's stages of change compared to that in the control group. The distribution of the control group students regarding the stages of change was similar to that in the pre-test. CONCLUSION The study findings revealed that the planned education programs are efficient to improve the adolescents' knowledge and behavioral intention in dealing with mass media messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Geraee
- Department of health education and promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kaveh
- Department of health education and promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Davod Shojaeizadeh
- Department of health education and promotion, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Tabatabaee
- Department of epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Walther B, Hanewinkel R, Morgenstern M. Effects of a brief school-based media literacy intervention on digital media use in adolescents: cluster randomized controlled trial. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2014; 17:616-23. [PMID: 25126888 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a four-session school-based media literacy curriculum on adolescent computer gaming and Internet use behavior. The study comprised a cluster randomized controlled trial with three assessments (baseline, posttest, and 12-month follow-up). At baseline, a total of 2,303 sixth and seventh grade adolescents from 27 secondary schools were assessed. Of these, 1,843 (80%) could be reached at all three assessments (Mage=12.0 years; SD=0.83). Students of the intervention group received the media literacy program Vernetzte www.Welten ("Connected www.Worlds ") implemented by trained teachers during class time. The control group attended regular class. Main outcome measures were adolescents' computer gaming and Internet use: days per month, hours per day, and addictive use patterns. Parental media monitoring and rules at home were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results of multilevel growth-curve models revealed a significant intervention effect in terms of a lower increase in self-reported gaming frequency (β = -1.10 [95% CI -2.06, -0.13]), gaming time (β = -0.27 [95% CI -0.40, -0.14]), and proportion of excessive gamers (AOR=0.21 [95% CI 0.08, 0.57]) in the intervention group. There were also significant group-time interactions for the addictive gaming scale (β=-0.08 [95% CI -0.12, -0.04]), and the Internet Addiction Scale (β = -0.06 [95% CI -0.10, -0.01]). No effect was found for days and hours of Internet use or parental media behavior. The study shows that the program Vernetzte www.Welten can influence adolescents' media use behavior. Future research should address mediating and moderating variables of program effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Walther
- 1 Institute for Therapy and Health Research (IFT-Nord) , Kiel, Germany
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Primack BA, McClure AC, Li Z, Sargent JD. Receptivity to and recall of alcohol brand appearances in U.S. popular music and alcohol-related behaviors. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1737-44. [PMID: 24716496 PMCID: PMC4047148 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The average U.S. adolescent is exposed to about 2.5 hours of popular music and 8 mentions of alcohol brands every day. Alcohol brand mentions may function as advertising whether or not they are sanctioned by the alcohol industry. Our study aimed to determine associations between adolescents' involvement with music containing alcohol brand mentions and alcohol-related behaviors. METHODS In 2010 to 2011, we conducted a random-digit-dial survey using national U.S. land line and cell phone frames. Through screening interviews, we identified 6,466 eligible households with subjects between 15 and 23 years of age, of whom 3,422 (53%) completed the telephone survey. Of these, 2,541 opted to participate in a subsequent web-based component. Independent variables included a composite score indicating owning and liking popular songs with alcohol brand mentions and correct recall of alcohol brands in songs. Outcome measures included ever having consumed a complete drink, ever bingeing, bingeing at least monthly, and having experienced problems from alcohol use. RESULTS Among the 2,541 participants, compared with those in the lowest tertile on the receptivity scale, those in the highest tertile had higher odds of having had a complete drink (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 2.2, 5.2) after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sensation seeking, friend alcohol use, and parent alcohol use. Compared with those who did not identify at least 1 alcohol brand correctly, those who did had over twice the odds of having had a complete drink (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.2, 3.8) after adjusting for all covariates. Results were also significant for the outcome of ever bingeing, but not for bingeing at least monthly or having had problems due to drinking. CONCLUSIONS In a national sample of U.S. adolescents and young adults, there were independent associations between involvement with popular music containing alcohol brand mentions and both having ever had a complete drink and having ever binged on alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Primack
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Parker AE, Kupersmidt JB, Mathis ET, Scull TM, Sims C. The impact of mindfulness education on elementary school students: Evaluation of the Master Mind Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:184-204. [PMID: 27057208 DOI: 10.1080/1754730x.2014.916497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Children need to be equipped with the skills to respond effectively to stress and prevent poor decision-making surrounding alcohol and tobacco use. Training and practice in mindfulness is one possible avenue for building children's skills. Recent research has revealed that mindfulness education in the classroom may play a role in enhancing children's self-regulatory abilities. Thus, the goal of the current study was to extend existing research in mindfulness education in classrooms and conduct an assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of a new mindfulness education, substance abuse prevention program for 4th and 5th grade children (Master Mind). Two elementary schools were randomly assigned to be an intervention group (N = 71) or waitlist control group (N = 40). Students in the intervention group were taught the four-week Master Mind program by their regular classroom teachers. At pre- and post-intervention time points, students completed self-reports of their intentions to use substances and an executive functioning performance task. Teachers rated students on their behavior in the classroom. Findings revealed that students who participated in the Master Mind program, as compared to those in the wait-list control condition, showed significant improvements in executive functioning skills (girls and boys), as well as a marginally significant increase in self-control abilities (boys only). In addition, significant reductions were found in aggression and social problems (girls and boys), as well as anxiety (girls only). No significant differences across groups were found for intentions to use alcohol or tobacco. Teachers implemented the program with fidelity; both teachers and students positively rated the structure and content of the Master Mind program, providing evidence of program satisfaction and feasibility. Although generalization may be limited by the small sample size, the findings suggest that mindfulness education may be beneficial in increasing self-regulatory abilities, which is important for substance abuse prevention.
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Chang FC, Miao NF, Lee CM, Chen PH, Chiu CH, Lee SC. The association of media exposure and media literacy with adolescent alcohol and tobacco use. J Health Psychol 2014; 21:513-25. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105314530451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship of media exposure and media literacy to alcohol and tobacco use among adolescents in Taiwan. A total of 2992 10th-grade students recruited from 26 high schools in Taipei, Taiwan, completed a questionnaire in 2010. The multivariable analysis results indicated that the students with higher alcohol and tobacco media exposure were more likely to use alcohol and tobacco and have intentions to drink and smoke, while students with higher media literacy were less likely to use alcohol and have intentions to drink and smoke.
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Primack BA, Douglas EL, Land SR, Miller E, Fine MJ. Comparison of media literacy and usual education to prevent tobacco use: a cluster-randomized trial. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2014; 84:106-15. [PMID: 25099425 PMCID: PMC4126196 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Media literacy programs have shown potential for reduction of adolescent tobacco use. We aimed to determine if an anti-smoking media literacy curriculum improves students' media literacy and affects factors related to adolescent smoking. METHODS We recruited 1170 9th-grade students from 64 classrooms in 3 public urban high schools. Students were randomized by classroom to a media literacy curriculum versus a standard educational program. In an intent-to-treat analysis, we used multilevel modeling to determine if changes in study outcomes were associated with the curricular intervention, controlling for baseline student covariates and the clustering of students within classrooms. RESULTS Among participants, mean age was 14.5 years and 51% were male, with no significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups. Smoking media literacy changed more among intervention participants compared with control participants (0.24 vs. 0.08, p < .001). Compared with controls, intervention students exhibited a greater reduction in the perceived prevalence of smoking (-14.0% vs. -4.6%, p < .001). Among those initially susceptible to smoking, intervention participants more commonly reverted to being nonsusceptible post-intervention (24% vs. 16%, p = .08). CONCLUSIONS A school-based media literacy curriculum is more effective than a standard educational program in teaching media literacy and improving perceptions of the true prevalence of smoking among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Primack
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 230 McKee Place Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Phone: (412) 586-9789
| | - Erika L. Douglas
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USS Tower, 57-W90, 600 Grant Street; Pittsburgh, PA 15219, Phone: (412) 647-7617
| | - Stephanie R. Land
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6130 Executive Blvd., MSC 7337, Bethesda, MD 20892-7337, Phone: (301) 496-0277
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 3420 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Phone: (412) 692-8504
| | - Michael J. Fine
- VA Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (646), 7180 Highland Drive (151C-H), Pittsburgh, PA 15206, Phone: (412) 954-5206
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Scull TM, Malik CV, Kupersmidt JB. A Media Literacy Education Approach to Teaching Adolescents Comprehensive Sexual Health Education. THE JOURNAL OF MEDIA LITERACY EDUCATION 2014; 6:1-14. [PMID: 27081579 PMCID: PMC4828968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Scull
- Innovation Research & Training, 5316 Highgate Drive, Suite 121, Durham, NC 27713
| | - Christina V Malik
- Innovation Research & Training, 5316 Highgate Drive, Suite 121, Durham, NC 27713
| | - Janis B Kupersmidt
- Innovation Research & Training, 5316 Highgate Drive, Suite 121, Durham, NC 27713
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Tucker JS, Miles JNV, D'Amico EJ. Cross-lagged associations between substance use-related media exposure and alcohol use during middle school. J Adolesc Health 2013; 53:460-4. [PMID: 23770074 PMCID: PMC3783564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the reciprocal longitudinal associations between alcohol or other drug (AOD)-related media exposure and alcohol use among middle school students, and explores whether these associations differ by ethnicity or gender. METHODS The analytic sample is 7th grade students who were recruited from 16 California middle schools and surveyed in the spring semester of two academic years. Students reported on their background characteristics, exposure to seven types of AOD-related media content (Internet videos, social networking sites, movies, television, magazine advertisements, songs, and video games) in the past 3 months, and alcohol use in the past 30 days. Structural equation modeling was used to examine cross-lagged associations between media exposure and alcohol use. RESULTS Greater AOD-related media exposure in 7th grade was significantly associated with a higher probability of alcohol use in 8th grade (p = .02), and alcohol use in 7th grade was marginally associated with greater AOD-related media exposure in 8th grade (p = .07). These cross-lagged associations did not statistically differ by ethnicity (Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic white) or gender. Further, there was no evidence that certain types of media exposure were more strongly associated with alcohol use than others. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study suggest that AOD-related media effects and media selectively form a reciprocal, mutually influencing process that may escalate adolescent alcohol use over time. Addressing adolescents' exposure to AOD-related media content and its effects on behavior, such as through media literacy education, may hold promise for improving the efficacy of alcohol prevention efforts for middle school students.
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