1
|
Avelino-Silva VI, Bruhn R, Zurita KG, Deng X, Yu EA, Grebe E, Stone M, Lanteri MC, Spencer BR, Busch MP, Custer B. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and long COVID occurrence in blood donors. Transfusion 2024. [PMID: 38984497 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long COVID is a common condition lacking consensus definition; determinants remain incompletely understood. Characterizing immune profiles associated with long COVID could support the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. METHODS We used a survey to investigate blood donors' infection/vaccination history and acute/persistent symptoms following COVID-19. The prevalence of long COVID was evaluated using self-report and an adapted definition from the RECOVER study. We evaluated factors associated with long COVID, focusing on anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Lastly, we investigated long COVID clinical subphenotypes using hierarchical clustering. RESULTS Of 33,610 participants, 16,003 (48%) reported having had COVID-19; 1853 (12%) had self-reported long COVID, 685 (4%) met an adapted RECOVER definition, and 2050 (13%) met at least one definition. Higher anti-nucleocapsid levels measured 12-24 weeks post-infection were associated with higher risk of self-reported and RECOVER long COVID. Higher anti-spike IgG levels measured 12-24 weeks post-infection were associated with lower risk of self-reported long COVID. Higher total anti-spike measured 24-48 weeks post-infection was associated with lower risk of RECOVER long COVID. Cluster analysis identified four clinical subphenotypes; patterns included neurological and psychiatric for cluster 1; neurological and respiratory for cluster 2; multi-systemic for cluster 3; and neurological for cluster 4. DISCUSSION Long COVID prevalence in blood donors varies depending on the adopted definition. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were time-dependently associated with long COVID; higher anti-nucleocapsid levels were associated with higher risk; and higher anti-spike levels were associated with lower risk of long COVID. Different underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms may be associated with distinct clinical subphenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian I Avelino-Silva
- Vitalant Research Institute, California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Roberta Bruhn
- Vitalant Research Institute, California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Karla G Zurita
- Vitalant Research Institute, California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Elaine A Yu
- Vitalant Research Institute, California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Eduard Grebe
- Vitalant Research Institute, California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, San Francisco, USA
- South African Centre for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Marion C Lanteri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, San Francisco, USA
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Bryan R Spencer
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, San Francisco, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Filippatos F, Tatsi EB, Dourdouna MM, Zoumakis E, Margeli A, Syriopoulou V, Michos A. SARS-CoV-2 Seroepidemiology and Antibody Levels in Children during BA.5 Predominance Period. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1039. [PMID: 38786337 PMCID: PMC11120608 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This is a SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiological study in a pediatric population (0-16 years) during the BA.5 Omicron predominance period in the Athens metropolitan area. Serum samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies (Abs-N), representing natural infection during three periods of BA.5 predominance: 1 May 2022-31 August 2022 (period A), 1 September 2022-31 December 2022 (period B), and July 2023 (period C). Εpidemiological data were also collected. Additionally, in period C, Abs-N-seronegative samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (Abs-S). A total of 878 children were tested (males: 52.6%), with a median age (IQR) of 96 (36-156) months; the number of cases of seropositivity during the three periods were as follows: A: 292/417 (70%), B: 288/356 (80.9%), and C: 89/105 (84.8%), with p < 0.001. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity increased from period A to C for children 0-1 year (p = 0.044), >1-4 years (p = 0.028), and >6-12 years (p = 0.003). Children > 6-12 years had the highest seropositivity rates in all periods (A: 77.3%, B: 91.4%, and C: 95.8%). A significant correlation of monthly median Abs-N titers with monthly seropositivity rates was detected (rs: 0.812, p = 0.008). During period C, 12/105 (11.4%) Abs-S-seropositive and Abs-N-seronegative samples were detected and total seropositivity was estimated at 96.2% (101/105). The findings of this study indicate a high SARS-CoV-2 exposure rate of children during the BA.5 predominance period and suggest that in future seroepidemiological studies, both antibodies should be tested in Abs-N-seronegative populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Filippatos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria-Myrto Dourdouna
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Emmanouil Zoumakis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Margeli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Syriopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Athanasios Michos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jank M, Oechsle AL, Armann J, Behrends U, Berner R, Chao CM, Diffloth N, Doenhardt M, Hansen G, Hufnagel M, Lander F, Liese JG, Muntau AC, Niehues T, von Both U, Verjans E, Weil K, von Kries R, Schroten H. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 variants among children and adolescents in Germany: relative risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization, ICU admission and mortality. Infection 2023; 51:1357-1367. [PMID: 36787015 PMCID: PMC9925936 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-01996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE SARS-CoV-2 infections cause COVID-19 and have a wide spectrum of morbidity. Severe disease courses among children are rare. To date, data on the variability of morbidity in relation to variant of concern (VOC) in children has been sparse and inconclusive. We compare the clinical severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adolescents in Germany during the Wildtype and Alpha combined, Delta and Omicron phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Comparing risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death due to COVID-19 in children and adolescents, we used: (1) a multi-center seroprevalence study (SARS-CoV-2-KIDS study); (2) a nationwide registry of pediatric patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infections; and (3) compulsory national reporting for RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany. RESULTS During the Delta predominant phase, risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization among all SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children was 3.35, ICU admission 1.19 and fatality 0.09 per 10,000; hence about halved for hospitalization and ICU admission and unchanged for deaths as compared to the Wildtype- and Alpha-dominant period. The relative risk for COVID-19-related hospitalization and ICU admission compared to the alpha period decreased during Delta [0.60 (95% CI 0.54; 0.67) and 0.51 (95% CI 0.42; 0.61)] and Omicron [0.27 (95% CI 0.24; 0.30) and 0.06 (95% CI 0.05; 0.08)] period except for the < 5-year-olds. The rate of case fatalities decreased slightly during Delta, and substantially during Omicron phase. CONCLUSION Morbidity caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections among children and adolescents in Germany decreased over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, as different VOCs) emerged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Jank
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Anna-Lisa Oechsle
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Armann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uta Behrends
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Helios University Medical Center, Witten/Herdecke University, Heusnerstr. 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Natalie Diffloth
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maren Doenhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Centre for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Excellence Cluster RESIST, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), EXS 2155, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Hufnagel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Lander
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes G Liese
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ania C Muntau
- Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Children's Hospital, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Niehues
- Department of Pediatrics, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, 47805, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Ulrich von Both
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Verjans
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Weil
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger von Kries
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Schroten
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee B, Nanishi E, Levy O, Dowling DJ. Precision Vaccinology Approaches for the Development of Adjuvanted Vaccines Targeted to Distinct Vulnerable Populations. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1766. [PMID: 37376214 PMCID: PMC10305121 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection persists as one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality, with particular burden at the extremes of age and in populations who are immunocompromised or suffer chronic co-morbid diseases. By focusing discovery and innovation efforts to better understand the phenotypic and mechanistic differences in the immune systems of diverse vulnerable populations, emerging research in precision vaccine discovery and development has explored how to optimize immunizations across the lifespan. Here, we focus on two key elements of precision vaccinology, as applied to epidemic/pandemic response and preparedness, including (a) selecting robust combinations of adjuvants and antigens, and (b) coupling these platforms with appropriate formulation systems. In this context, several considerations exist, including the intended goals of immunization (e.g., achieving immunogenicity versus lessening transmission), reducing the likelihood of adverse reactogenicity, and optimizing the route of administration. Each of these considerations is accompanied by several key challenges. On-going innovation in precision vaccinology will expand and target the arsenal of vaccine components for protection of vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branden Lee
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.L.); (E.N.); (O.L.)
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.L.); (E.N.); (O.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.L.); (E.N.); (O.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David J. Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.L.); (E.N.); (O.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schmidt KLJ, Dautzenberg NMM, Hoogerbrugge PM, Lindemans CA, Nierkens S, Smits G, Van Binnendijk RS, Bont LJ, Tissing WJE. Immune Response following BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in Pediatric Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092562. [PMID: 37174028 PMCID: PMC10177402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccinations are recommended for children with cancer but data on their vaccination response is scarce. This study assesses the antibody and T-cell response following a 2- or 3-dose vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children (5-17 years) with cancer. For the antibody response, participants with a serum concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 antibodies of >300 binding antibody units per milliliter were classified as good responders. For the T-cell response, categorization was based on spike S1 specific interferon-gamma release with good responders having >200 milli-international units per milliliter. The patients were categorized as being treated with chemo/immunotherapy for less than 6 weeks (Tx < 6 weeks) or more than 6 weeks (Tx > 6 weeks) before the first immunization event. In 46 patients given a 2-dose vaccination series, the percentage of good antibody and good T-cell responders was 39.3% and 73.7% in patients with Tx < 6 weeks and 94.4% and 100% in patients with Tx > 6 weeks, respectively. An additional 3rd vaccination in 16 patients with Tx < 6 weeks, increased the percentage of good antibody responders to 70% with no change in T-cell response. A 3-dose vaccination series effectively boosted antibody levels and is of value for patients undergoing active cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Juliëtte Schmidt
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Noël M M Dautzenberg
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Hoogerbrugge
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline A Lindemans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby Smits
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob S Van Binnendijk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Louis J Bont
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J E Tissing
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
DeZure C. COVID-19 Vaccines in Children. Pediatr Ann 2023; 52:e4-e7. [PMID: 36625802 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20221114-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has transformed the world. It has highlighted health inequities, the lack of social safety nets, and the limitations of health care systems. But it has also paved the way for medical ingenuity and technological advances in the face of these extreme challenges. One such medical marvel is the COVID-19 vaccine. The ability to rapidly create and mass produce a safe and effective vaccine for both adults and children has been essential to minimizing the harm of COVID-19, reducing the burden on hospitals and ushering in some semblance of return to pre-COVID times. Although vaccine hesitancy and long-standing health inequities have limited the number of children who have received the COVID-19 vaccine, the recommended vaccines remain a vital tool in ensuring healthy growth and development of children. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(1):e4-e7.].
Collapse
|