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Bellon M, Yuan Y, Nicot C. Transcription Independent Stimulation of Telomerase Enzymatic Activity by HTLV-I Tax Through Stimulation of IKK. JOURNAL OF CANCER SCIENCES 2021; 8. [PMID: 34938859 PMCID: PMC8691565 DOI: 10.13188/2377-9292.1000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The persistence and spreading of HTLV-I infected cells relies upon their clonal expansion through cellular replication. The development of adult T cell leukemia (ATLL) occurs decades following primary infection by HTLV-I. Moreover, identical provirus integration sites have been found in samples recovered several years apart from infected individuals. These observations suggest that infected cells persist in the host for an extended period of time. To endure long term proliferation, HTLV-I pre-leukemic cells must acquire critical oncogenic events, two of which are the bypassing of apoptosis and replicative senescence. In the early stages of disease, interleukin-2 (IL-2)/IL-2R signaling likely plays a major role in combination with activation of anti-apoptotic pathways. Avoidance of replicative senescence in HTLV-I infected cells is achieved through reactivation of human telomerase (hTERT). We have previously shown that HTLV-I viral Tax transcriptionally activates the hTERT promoter. In this study we demonstrate that Tax can stimulate hTERT enzymatic activity independently of its transcriptional effects. We further show that this occurs through Tax-mediated NF-KB activating functions. Our results suggest that in ATLL cells acquire Tax-transcriptional and post-transcriptional events to elevate telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bellon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
| | - Y Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - C Nicot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
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2
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One-Two Punch Therapy for the Treatment of T-Cell Malignancies Involving p53-Dependent Cellular Senescence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5529518. [PMID: 34603598 PMCID: PMC8481056 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5529518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
T-cell malignancies are still difficult to treat due to a paucity of plans that target critical dependencies. Drug-induced cellular senescence provides a permanent cell cycle arrest during tumorigenesis and cancer development, particularly when combined with senolytics to promote apoptosis of senescent cells, which is an innovation for cancer therapy. Here, our research found that wogonin, a well-known natural flavonoid compound, not only had a potential to inhibit cell growth and proliferation but also induced cellular senescence in T-cell malignancies with nonlethal concentration. Transcription activity of senescence-suppression human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and oncogenic C-MYC was suppressed in wogonin-induced senescent cells, resulting in the inhibition of telomerase activity. We also substantiated the occurrence of DNA damage during the wogonin-induced aging process. Results showed that wogonin increased the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) and activated the DNA damage response pathway mediated by p53. In addition, we found the upregulated expression of BCL-2 in senescent T-cell malignancies because of the antiapoptotic properties of senescent cells. Following up this result, we identified a BCL-2 inhibitor Navitoclax (ABT-263), which was highly effective in decreasing cell viability and inducing apoptotic cell death in wogonin-induced senescent cells. Thus, the “one-two punch” approach increased the sensibility of T-cell malignancies with low expression of BCL-2 to Navitoclax. In conclusion, our research revealed that wogonin possesses potential antitumor effects based on senescence induction, offering a better insight into the development of novel therapeutic methods for T-cell malignancies.
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Nogueira LS, Vasconcelos CP, Mitre GP, Bittencourt LO, Plaça JR, Kataoka MSDS, Pinheiro JDJV, Garlet GP, De Oliveira EHC, Lima RR. Gene Expression Profile in Immortalized Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Through hTERT Ectopic Expression: Transcriptome and Bioinformatic Analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:679548. [PMID: 34141725 PMCID: PMC8204186 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.679548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPLF) cells play an important role in maintaining oral cavity homeostasis with special function in tissue regeneration and maintenance of dental alveoli. Although their primary cell cultures are considered a good experimental model with no genetic changes, the finite life span may limit some experimental designs. The immortalization process increases cell life span but may cause genetic changes and chromosomal instability, resulting in direct effects on physiological cell responses. In this way, we aimed to investigate the global gene expression of hPLFs after the immortalization process by the ectopic expression of the catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) through transcriptome analysis. The embryonic origin of the primary culture of hPLF cells and immortalized hPLF-hTERT was also tested by vimentin staining, hTERT synthesis evaluated by indirect immunocytochemistry, analysis of cell proliferation, and morphology. The results indicated that hPLFs and hPLF-hTERT were positive for vimentin. On the 20th cell passage, hPLFs were in senescence, while hPLF-hTERT maintained their proliferation and morphology characteristics. At the same passage, hPLF-hTERT presented a significant increase in hTERT synthesis, but transcriptome did not reveal overexpression of the hTERT gene. Fifty-eight genes had their expression altered (11 upregulated and 47 downregulated) with the absence of changes in the key genes related to these cell types and in the main cancer-associated genes. In addition, the increase in hTERT protein expression without the overexpression of its gene indicates posttranscriptional level regulation. Successful immortalization of hPLFs through the ectopic expression of hTERT encourages further studies to design experimental protocols to investigate clinical questions from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Carolina P Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cytogenetics, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Jessica Rodrigues Plaça
- Regional Blood Center at University Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Edivaldo H C De Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cytogenetics, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Fazeli Z, Rajabibazl M, Faramarzi S, Omrani MD, Ghaderian SMH, Safavi Naini N. Correlation of TCF4, GSK, TERT and TERC Expressions with Proliferation Potential of Early and Late Culture of Human Peripheral Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:431-436. [PMID: 32347036 PMCID: PMC7211286 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.6920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective In the recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were considered as the suitable source of cells for
transplantation into the damaged tissues in regenerative medicine. There was low number of these cells in different
organs and this characteristic was the main drawback to use them in treatment of diseases. Cellular senescence of the
stem cells has been demonstrated to be dependent to the telomerase activity. The aim of present experimental study
was to evaluate correlation of the expression of telomerase components and WNT signaling pathway in MSCs derived
from human peripheral blood (PB-MSCs).
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, following the isolation of MSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear
cells, RNA was extracted from these cells in the early culture (8-9th days) and late culture (14-17th days). Then, expression
of TERT, TERC, TCF4, GSK and CTNNB1 was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain
reaction (qRT-PCR) based on SYBR Green.
Results Our data indicated that there was a significantly reduced expression of TERT in the late culture of human
MSCs derived from peripheral blood (P<0.05). Although a negative correlation was observed between GSK and TERC
expression levels in the early culture of MSCs, spearman analysis showed that there was no significant correlation
between the expression of telomerase components (TERC and TERT) and WNT signaling pathway (P>0.05).
Conclusion The obtained results suggested that WNT signaling pathway likely plays a minor role in the maintenance
of telomere length and proliferation potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fazeli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Faramarzi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Niloufar Safavi Naini
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kanzaki LIB. HTLV-1: A real pathogen or a runaway guest of a diseased cell? J Biosci 2018; 43:785-795. [PMID: 30207322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a deltaretrovirus claimed to be aetiologically linked to the adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) besides other minor pathologies. HTLV-1 infection is worldwide distributed, despite its heterogeneous prevalence. Environmental factors and host-genetic background are very likely to determine the epidemiological profile of HTLV-1 prevalence and related disease confinement in distinct human ethnic populations and geographical coordinates, which raises the question if the virus is a real pathogen or a runaway well-organized packed genome of a burden host cell near death process. New methodological approaches need to be proposed and applied in order to prove or discard the hypotheses emerged in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I B Kanzaki
- Laboratory of Bioprospection, Department of Pharmacy, University of Brasilia, Brası´lia, DF CEP 70.910-900, Brazil,
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Zhang LL, Wei JY, Wang L, Huang SL, Chen JL. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and its oncogenesis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1093-1103. [PMID: 28392570 PMCID: PMC5547553 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a rapidly progressing clonal malignancy of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Exploring the host-HTLV-1 interactions and the molecular mechanisms underlying HTLV-1-mediated tumorigenesis is critical for developing efficient therapies against the viral infection and associated leukemia/lymphoma. It has been demonstrated to date that several HTLV-1 proteins play key roles in the cellular transformation and immortalization of infected T lymphocytes. Of note, the HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax inhibits the innate IFN response through interaction with MAVS, STING and RIP1, causing the suppression of TBK1-mediated phosphorylation of IRF3/IRF7. The HTLV-1 protein HBZ disrupts genomic integrity and inhibits apoptosis and autophagy of the target cells. Furthermore, it is revealed that HBZ enhances the proliferation of ATL cells and facilitates evasion of the infected cells from immunosurveillance. These studies provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which HTLV-1 mediates the formation of cancer as well as useful strategies for the development of new therapeutic interventions against ATL. In this article, we review the recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms, clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease caused by HTLV-1 infection. In addition, we discuss the future direction for targeting HTLV-1-associated cancers and strategies against HTLV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing-yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shi-le Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ji-long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ropio J, Merlio JP, Soares P, Chevret E. Telomerase Activation in Hematological Malignancies. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7090061. [PMID: 27618103 PMCID: PMC5039560 DOI: 10.3390/genes7090061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase expression and telomere maintenance are critical for cell proliferation and survival, and they play important roles in development and cancer, including hematological malignancies. Transcriptional regulation of the rate-limiting subunit of human telomerase reverse transcriptase gen (hTERT) is a complex process, and unveiling the mechanisms behind its reactivation is an important step for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Here, we review the main mechanisms of telomerase activation and the associated hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ropio
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux 33076, France.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup)-Cancer Biology, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
| | - Jean-Philippe Merlio
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux 33076, France.
- Tumor Bank and Tumor Biology Laboratory, University Hospital Center Bordeaux, Pessac 33604, France.
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup)-Cancer Biology, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto 4200-319, Portugal.
| | - Edith Chevret
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux 33076, France.
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