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Kelly CL, Schwarzkopf L, Gordon IJ, Pople A, Kelly DL, Hirsch BT. Dancing to a different tune: changing reproductive seasonality in an introduced chital deer population. Oecologia 2022; 200:285-294. [PMID: 35962285 PMCID: PMC9675656 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Male and female reproductive behaviour is typically synchronised. In species such as those in the family Cervidae, reproductive timing is often cued by photoperiod, although in females, it can be dependent on body condition. When a species is introduced to a novel environment, the environment changes, or responses of the sexes to such cues differ, asynchronous reproductive behaviour between males and females may occur. We investigated the seasonality of reproductive behaviour in introduced chital deer in northern Queensland by examining male antler phase in relation to female conception rates. We then analysed the influence of different variables likely to affect the timing of male and female reproductive physiology. The lowest percentage of chital in hard antler in any 1 month in this study was 35% (Fig. 1), but the average value was closer to 50%, thus there was a seasonal peak in antler phase linked with photoperiod. Females conceived at any time of year, but were strongly influenced by the amount of rainfall 3 months prior to conception. This resulted in varying conception peaks year-to-year that often did not correspond to the male’s peak in hard antler. In this system, a proportion of males and females were physiologically and behaviourally ready to mate at any time of the year. We predict that differences in the timing of the peaks between the males and females will lead to increased reproductive skew (variation in reproductive success among individual males). This pattern may select for different mating strategies or physiological mechanisms to increase reproductive success.The average percentage of male chital deer in hard antler by month from 2014 to 2019 in north Queensland. Values above the bars indicate the total number of males that were sampled in each month and the error bars indicate the standard error. In the month with the lowest % males in hard antler in the entire study (November, 2017), 35% of males were in hard antler ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Kelly
- Division of Tropical Environments and Societies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
| | - Lin Schwarzkopf
- Division of Tropical Environments and Societies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Iain J Gordon
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK.,CSIRO, Australian Tropical Science and Innovation Precinct, Douglas Campus, Townsville, Australia.,Central Queensland University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Pople
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David L Kelly
- Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ben T Hirsch
- Division of Tropical Environments and Societies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Panama
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How Phenological Variation Affects Species Spreading Speeds. Bull Math Biol 2018; 80:1476-1513. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Li H, Jin X, Yang Y. Consequences of asynchronous heading in a perennial bunchgrass (Elymus excelsus). Sci Rep 2018; 8:3323. [PMID: 29463857 PMCID: PMC5820277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is vital to plant population adaptation. The consequences of asynchronous reproduction in a perennial bunchgrass grass is not well studied. The heading reproductive tillers from early to late forms a continuum due to asynchronous heading and flowering in Elymus excelsus population. In two peak years of production, the three-year-old and four-year-old reproductive tillers of experimental E. excelsus population were marked from the early to late heading stage every four days at five different heading times and these tillers were harvested at the dough stage, respectively. The growth, biomass, seed production and reproductive allocation were measured to analyze the consequences of asynchronous reproduction. Reproductive tiller height, biomass, inflorescence length, inflorescence biomass, floret number, seed number, seed biomass, seed-set percentage, biomass allocation to inflorescence (RA1) and to seed (RA2) significantly decreased with the delay of heading date over the two years. Above ten phenotypic characteristics exponentially increased at a significant or extremely significant level with increasing differences in reproductive period. Reproductive tillers preferentially allocated the biomass to inflorescences, and then the inflorescences preferentially allocated the biomass to seeds throughout reproductive period. Earlier heading tillers had more contribution to E. excelsus population adaptation and development in the two peak years of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China.
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Implications of earlier sea ice melt for phenological cascades in arctic marine food webs. FOOD WEBS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bewick S, Li B, Duquette T, Fagan WF. How Oviposition Behavior Determines Persistence in Small Patches and Changing Climates. Am Nat 2015; 186:237-51. [PMID: 26655152 DOI: 10.1086/681987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Habitat loss and climate change jointly threaten a large fraction of earth's biodiversity. A key goal is to understand how these threats play out differentially across species. Focusing on insects that undergo an ontogenetic shift in habitat requirements, we use critical patch size models to examine how breeding strategy influences the abilities of different kinds of species to persist in small habitat patches. In general, we find that income breeders require larger habitat patches for population persistence than do capital breeders. However, increases in patch size requirements as a result of factors that limit oviposition (e.g., resource availability, weather conditions) are more severe for capital breeders than for income breeders. From a conservation perspective, our work suggests that a species' sensitivity to habitat loss, both today and in the future, can depend critically on evolved behavioral strategies. Explicit consideration of such behavioral strategies, including a careful accounting of their relationship with dispersal and survival, provides a map linking life-history spectra, spatial requirements, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Bewick
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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Walter JA, Meixler MS, Mueller T, Fagan WF, Tobin PC, Haynes KJ. How topography induces reproductive asynchrony and alters gypsy moth invasion dynamics. J Anim Ecol 2014; 84:188-98. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Walter
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
- Blandy Experimental Farm; University of Virginia; 400 Blandy Farm Lane Boyce VA 22620 USA
| | - Marcia S. Meixler
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
- Department of Biology; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Biology; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - William F. Fagan
- Department of Biology; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Patrick C. Tobin
- USDA Forest Service; Northern Research Station 180 Canfield Street Morgantown WV 26505 USA
| | - Kyle J. Haynes
- Blandy Experimental Farm; University of Virginia; 400 Blandy Farm Lane Boyce VA 22620 USA
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7
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Incorporating movement and reproductive asynchrony into a simulation model of fertilization success for a marine broadcast spawner. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Phenologically explicit models for studying plant–pollinator interactions under climate change. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-014-0218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Acker P, Robert A, Bourget R, Colas B. Heterogeneity of reproductive age increases the viability of semelparous populations. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Acker
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution (ESE); Université Paris-Sud 11; UMR 8079 UPS-CNRS-AgroParisTech; Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay; Bât. 360 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Alexandre Robert
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC; 55 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
| | - Romain Bourget
- LAREMA; Département de Mathématiques; Université d'Angers; 2, Bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex 01 France
- IRHS (INRA, Université d'Angers, Agrocampus Ouest); SFR QUASAV; rue G. Morel 49071 Beaucouzé France
| | - Bruno Colas
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution (ESE); Université Paris-Sud 11; UMR 8079 UPS-CNRS-AgroParisTech; Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay; Bât. 360 91405 Orsay Cedex France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité France
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Fagan W, Cosner C, Larsen E, Calabrese J. Reproductive Asynchrony in Spatial Population Models: How Mating Behavior Can Modulate Allee Effects Arising from Isolation in Both Space and Time. Am Nat 2010; 175:362-73. [DOI: 10.1086/650373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Tarayre M, Bowman G, Schermann-Legionnet A, Barat M, Atlan A. Flowering phenology of Ulex europaeus: ecological consequences of variation within and among populations. Evol Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-006-9109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Forchhammer MC, Post E, Berg TBG, Høye TT, Schmidt NM. LOCAL-SCALE AND SHORT-TERM HERBIVORE–PLANT SPATIAL DYNAMICS REFLECT INFLUENCES OF LARGE-SCALE CLIMATE. Ecology 2005. [DOI: 10.1890/04-1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Calabrese JM, Fagan WF. Lost in Time, Lonely, and Single: Reproductive Asynchrony and the Allee Effect. Am Nat 2004; 164:25-37. [PMID: 15266368 DOI: 10.1086/421443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Accepted: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Identifying linkages between life-history traits and small population processes is essential to effective multispecies conservation. Reproductive asynchrony, which occurs when individuals are reproductively active for only a portion of the population-level breeding period, may provide one such link. Traditionally, reproductive asynchrony has been considered from evolutionary perspectives as an advantageous bet-hedging strategy in temporally unpredictable environments. Here, we explore the dynamic consequences of reproductive asynchrony as a density-dependent life-history trait. To examine how asynchrony affects population growth rate and extinction risk, we used a general model of reproductive timing to quantify the temporal overlap of opposite-sex individuals and to simulate population dynamics over a range of initial densities and empirical estimates of reproductive asynchrony. We also considered how protandry, a sexually selected life-history strategy that often accompanies asynchrony, modulates the population-level effects of reproductive asynchrony. We found that asynchrony decreases the number of males a female overlaps with, decreases the average probability of mating per male/female pair that does overlap, and leaves some females completely isolated in time. This loss of reproductive potential, which is exacerbated by protandry, reduces population growth rate at low density and can lead to extinction via an Allee effect. Thus reproductive asynchrony and protandry, both of which can be evolutionarily advantageous at higher population densities, may prove detrimental when population density declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Calabrese
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
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Mysterud A, Stenseth NC, Yoccoz NG, Ottersen G, Langvatn R. The response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation. THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION: CLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/134gm11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Post E, Forchhammer MC. Synchronization of animal population dynamics by large-scale climate. Nature 2002; 420:168-71. [PMID: 12432390 DOI: 10.1038/nature01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2002] [Accepted: 07/31/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that animal population dynamics may be synchronized by climate is highly relevant in the context of climate change because it suggests that several populations might respond simultaneously to climatic trends if their dynamics are entrained by environmental correlation. The dynamics of many species throughout the Northern Hemisphere are influenced by a single large-scale climate system, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which exerts highly correlated regional effects on local weather. But efforts to attribute synchronous fluctuations of contiguous populations to large-scale climate are confounded by the synchronizing influences of dispersal or trophic interactions. Here we report that the dynamics of caribou and musk oxen on opposite coasts of Greenland show spatial synchrony among populations of both species that correlates with the NAO index. Our analysis shows that the NAO has an influence in the high degree of cross-species synchrony between pairs of caribou and musk oxen populations separated by a minimum of 1,000 km of inland ice. The vast distances, and complete physical and ecological separation of these species, rule out spatial coupling by dispersal or interaction. These results indicate that animal populations of different species may respond synchronously to global climate change over large regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Post
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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Post E, Forchhammer MC, Stenseth NC, Callaghan TV. The timing of life-history events in a changing climate. Proc Biol Sci 2001; 268:15-23. [PMID: 12123293 PMCID: PMC1087595 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although empirical and theoretical studies suggest that climate influences the timing of life-history events in animals and plants, correlations between climate and the timing of events such as egg-laying, migration or flowering do not reveal the mechanisms by which natural selection operates on life-history events. We present a general autoregressive model of the timing of life-history events in relation to variation in global climate that, like autoregressive models of population dynamics, allows for a more mechanistic understanding of the roles of climate, resources and competition. We applied the model to data on 50 years of annual dates of first flowering by three species of plants in 26 populations covering 4 degrees of latitude in Norway. In agreement with earlier studies, plants in most populations and all three species bloomed earlier following warmer winters. Moreover, our model revealed that earlier blooming reflected increasing influences of resources and density-dependent population limitation under climatic warming. The insights available from the application of this model to phenological data in other taxa will contribute to our understanding of the roles of endogenous versus exogenous processes in the evolution of the timing of life-history events in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Post
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway.
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