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Das T, Sikdar S, Chowdhury MHU, Nyma KJ, Adnan M. SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in domestic and wildlife animals: A genomic and docking based structural comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19345. [PMID: 37662720 PMCID: PMC10474441 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been identified as the infectious agent that led to the COVID-19 pandemic, which the world has seen very recently. Researchers have linked the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak to bats for the zoonotic spread of the virus to humans. Coronaviruses have a crown-like shape and positive-sense RNA nucleic acid. It attaches its spike glycoprotein to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Coronavirus genome comprises 14 ORFs and 27 proteins, spike glycoprotein being one of the most critical proteins for viral pathogenesis. Many mammals and reptiles, including bats, pangolins, ferrets, snakes, and turtles, serve as the principal reservoirs for this virus. But many experimental investigations have shown that certain domestic animals, including pigs, chickens, dogs, cats, and others, may also be able to harbor this virus, whether they exhibit any symptoms. These animals act as reservoirs for SARS-CoV, facilitating its zoonotic cross-species transmission to other species, including humans. In this review, we performed a phylogenetic analysis with multiple sequence alignment and pairwise evolutionary distance analysis, which revealed the similarity of ACE2 receptors in humans, chimpanzees, domestic rabbits, house mice, and golden hamsters. Pairwise RMSD analysis of the spike protein from some commonly reported SARS-CoV revealed that bat and pangolin coronavirus shared the highest structural similarity with human coronavirus. In a further experiment, molecular docking confirmed a higher affinity of pig, bat, and pangolin coronavirus spike proteins' affinity to the human ACE2 receptor. Such comprehensive structural and genomic analysis can help us to forecast the next likely animal source of these coronaviruses that may infect humans. To combat these zoonotic illnesses, we need a one health strategy that considers the well-being of people and animals and the local ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Das
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Suranjana Sikdar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Helal Uddin Chowdhury
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Adnan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chattogram, 4318, Bangladesh
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Zhu Q, Li B, Sun D. Advances in Bovine Coronavirus Epidemiology. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051109. [PMID: 35632850 PMCID: PMC9147158 DOI: 10.3390/v14051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a causative agent of enteric and respiratory disease in cattle. BCoV has also been reported to cause a variety of animal diseases and is closely related to human coronaviruses, which has attracted extensive attention from both cattle farmers and researchers. However, there are few comprehensive epidemiological reviews, and key information regarding the effect of S-gene differences on tissue tendency and potential cross-species transmission remain unclear. In this review, we summarize BCoV epidemiology, including the transmission, infection-associated factors, co-infection, pathogenicity, genetic evolution, and potential cross-species transmission. Furthermore, the potential two-receptor binding motif system for BCoV entry and the association between BCoV and SARS-CoV-2 are also discussed in this review. Our aim is to provide valuable information for the prevention and treatment of BCoV infection throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Zhu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (D.S.); Tel.: +86-045-9681-9121 (D.S.)
| | - Dongbo Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China;
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (D.S.); Tel.: +86-045-9681-9121 (D.S.)
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Atasoy MO, Isidan H, Turan T. Genetic diversity, frequency and concurrent infections of picobirnaviruses in diarrhoeic calves in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:127. [PMID: 35247085 PMCID: PMC8897729 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calf diarrhoea is one of the major problems in cattle farming with high morbidity and mortality in herds. Two enteric viruses, bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV), are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in young calves, whereas picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are often associated with diarrhoea. In the present study, the faecal specimens of 127 diarrhoeic bovines (less than 1-month-old) were employed to investigate the infection frequencies of these three pathogens. Results indicated that frequencies of BRV and BCoV in diarrhoeic calves were 38.58% and 29.92%, respectively. The 7.08% of bovine calf samples (9 out of 127) were found to be positive for PBV genogroup I. Sequence analysis further revealed the high genetic heterogeneity within representative PBV sequences. Additionally, both PBV-BCoV (n = 2) and BCoV-BRV-PBV (n = 1) co-infections were detected in bovine calves for the first time. Consequently, our findings pointed out the highly divergent nature of PBVs without regard to exact host or territory and the occasional co-existence with other enteric agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozan Atasoy
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hakan Isidan
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Turhan Turan
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
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Kiser JN, Neibergs HL. Identifying Loci Associated With Bovine Corona Virus Infection and Bovine Respiratory Disease in Dairy and Feedlot Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:679074. [PMID: 34409086 PMCID: PMC8364960 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.679074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is associated with respiratory and enteric infections in both dairy and beef cattle worldwide. It is also one of a complex of pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD), which affects millions of cattle annually. The objectives of this study were to identify loci and heritability estimates associated with BCoV infection and BRD in dairy calves and feedlot cattle. Dairy calves from California (n = 1,938) and New Mexico (n = 647) and feedlot cattle from Colorado (n = 915) and Washington (n = 934) were tested for the presence of BCoV when classified as BRD cases or controls following the McGuirk scoring system. Two comparisons associated with BCoV were investigated: (1) cattle positive for BCoV (BCoV+) were compared to cattle negative for BCoV (BCoV-) and (2) cattle positive for BCoV and affected with BRD (BCoV+BRD+) were compared to cattle negative for BCoV and BRD (BCoV-BRD-). The Illumina BovineHD BeadChip was used for genotyping, and genome-wide association analyses (GWAA) were performed using EMMAX (efficient mixed-model association eXpedited). The GWAA for BCoV+ identified 51 loci (p < 1 × 10-5; 24 feedlot, 16 dairy, 11 combined) associated with infection with BCoV. Three loci were associated with BCoV+ across populations. Heritability estimates for BCoV+ were 0.01 for dairy, 0.11 for feedlot cattle, and 0.03 for the combined population. For BCoV+BRD+, 80 loci (p < 1 × 10-5; 26 feedlot, 25 dairy, 29 combined) were associated including 14 loci across populations. Heritability estimates for BCoV+BRD+ were 0.003 for dairy, 0.44 for feedlot cattle, and 0.07 for the combined population. Several positional candidate genes associated with BCoV and BRD in this study have been associated with other coronaviruses and respiratory infections in humans and mice. These results suggest that selection may reduce susceptibility to BCoV infection and BRD in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Kiser
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Holly L Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Bovine coronavirus infections in Turkey: molecular analysis of the full-length spike gene sequences of viruses from digestive and respiratory infections. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2461-2468. [PMID: 34212242 PMCID: PMC8247624 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) can be spread by animal activity. Although cattle farming is widespread in Turkey, there are few studies of BCoV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current situation regarding BCoV in Turkey. This is the first study reporting the full-length nucleotide sequences of BCoV spike (S) genes in Turkey. Samples were collected from 119 cattle with clinical signs of respiratory (n = 78) or digestive tract (n = 41) infection on different farms located across widely separated provinces in Turkey. The samples were screened for BCoV using RT-nested PCR targeting the N gene, which identified BCoV in 35 samples (9 faeces and 26 nasal discharge). RT-PCR analysis of the S gene produced partial/full-length S gene sequences from 11 samples (8 faeces and 3 nasal discharge samples). A phylogenetic tree of the S gene sequences was made to analyze the genetic relationships among BCoVs from Turkey and other countries. The results showed that the local strains present in faeces and nasal discharge samples had many different amino acid changes. Some of these changes were shown in previous studies to be critical for tropism. This study provides new data on BCoV in Turkey that will be valuable in designing effective vaccine approaches and control strategies.
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Bovine respiratory disease in beef calves supported long transport stress: An epidemiological study and strategies for control and prevention. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:450-455. [PMID: 33203584 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BRD is associated with infectious agents, but management and transport-stress are trigger factors. Metaphylactic administration of antimicrobial reduces colonization of respiratory tract by pathogens, but the development of antibiotic-resistance raises public health concerns leading to propose new control strategies. The study analyzed nasopharyngeal swabs of 231 imported cattle, 10% of 49 trucks, transported from France to southern Italy and, through Real-time PCR identified the prevalence of the involved pathogens speculating on strategies to reduce the impact of BRD. The samples were tested by Real-time PCR, for the detection of bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus (BPiV), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis. Yates-corrected chi squared, or Fisher's exact test were used to compare both animal-health status and positivity/negativity to pathogens, and the relationship between presence/absence of clinical signs and Real-time PCR-positivity. H. somni and BCoV were the most frequently identified pathogens. In BRD-diagnosed cattle, BAdV was detected in 13.8% (19/138), BRSV in 14.5% (20/138) and BPiV in 4.3% (6/138). Healthy cattle were mostly positive for H. somni (89.2%, 83/93). A statistically significant association was observed between clinical signs and positivity to M. haemolytica (p value = 0.016). Although mass-medication and vaccination are used for BRD control, it still remains a primary health problem. Our results highlight that the nasopharyngeal microbiota could be affected by transport and that strategies to enhance calf immunity for reducing BRD-risk development would be more effective if applied at farm of origin prior to loading.
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Lotfollahzadeh S, Madadgar O, Reza Mohebbi M, Reza Mokhber Dezfouli M, George Watson D. Bovine coronavirus in neonatal calf diarrhoea in Iran. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:686-694. [PMID: 32349194 PMCID: PMC7267123 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial gene sequencing for the bovine coronavirus at the World Genebank is available for many countries, which are distributed unevenly in five continents, but so far, no sequencing of strains has been recorded in Iran. One hundred ninety‐four stool samples from calves with diarrhoea less than one‐month old were collected from five different geographical regions of country in order to detect coronavirus and characterize it if coronavirus was found. Samples were screened for the presence of BCoV by using a commercially available ELISA kit. Furthermore, RT‐PCR was carried out on positive samples for confirmation of the presence of N and S specific genes. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was carried out following RT‐PCR tests. 7.2% of samples, were positive for BCoV and all stool samples from the South‐West, Northeast and West regions of Iran were negative. The results showed that all the strains of coronavirus identified in Iran were completely in independent clusters and that they did not stand in the same cluster as any of the strains identified in other parts of the world. The strains from Iran were quite different from strains in other parts of the world but from the point of similarity these viruses showed some similarities to the European strains, such as those found in France, Croatia, Denmark and Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Lotfollahzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Madadgar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohebbi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - David George Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Ola OO, Adeniran GA, Opoku-Agyemang T, Bediako E, Ishola O, Jarikre TA, Emikpe BO. Pathology and immunohistochemical evaluation of lungs of cattle slaughtered at metropolitan abattoirs in Nigeria and Ghana. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 41:297-310. [PMID: 32090674 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1730889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There was a dearth of information on pathology and causal agents of bovine pneumonia in West Africa. This cross-sectional study conducted at four major metropolitan abattoirs in Nigeria and Ghana was to evaluate the pathology and to immunohistochemically demonstrates viral and bacterial pathogens of bovine pneumonia in West Africa. Out of the 20,605 cattle lungs examined at post-mortem using standard inspection procedures, 136 samples grossly showed pneumonic lesions and 99 randomly selected lung samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. The overall prevalence of pneumonia was 0.66%, with 0.72% prevalence in Ibadan, Nigeria and 9.68% prevalence in Ghana. Age and breed were observed to be among the predisposing factors to pneumonia in cattle. Histologically, bronchopneumonia (0.65%), broncho-interstitial pneumonia (0.13%), and interstitial pneumonia (0.08%) were the prominent type of pneumonias observed. Immunohistochemically, 0.8% was positive for bovine PI-3, 0.9% for bovine RSV, 1.0% for Mannheimia haemolytica (MH), and 0.6% for Pasteurella multocida (PM). There were a few interactions of pathogens: PI3 and MH (0.01%), RSV and MH (0.01%), PM and MH (0.02%). This was the first study that immunohistochemically demonstrated bacterial and viral antigens in naturally occurring pneumonia in cattle in Nigeria and Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tony Opoku-Agyemang
- Anatomy and Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ewurabena Bediako
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Oluwagbenga Ishola
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Burimuah V, Sylverken A, Owusu M, El-Duah P, Yeboah R, Lamptey J, Frimpong YO, Agbenyega O, Folitse R, Tasiame W, Emikpe B, Owiredu EW, Oppong S, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Drosten C. Sero-prevalence, cross-species infection and serological determinants of prevalence of Bovine Coronavirus in Cattle, Sheep and Goats in Ghana. Vet Microbiol 2019; 241:108544. [PMID: 31928696 PMCID: PMC7117134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus has considerable seroprevalence in cattle across Ghana. Sheep and goats are kept without strict separation from cattle and show seropositivity against bovine coronavirus. Bovine coronavirus seroprevalence is positively correlated with large farm size. Highest bovine coronavirus seroprevalence was found in Ghana´s Northern Province with prevailing arid climate.
Cattle, goats and sheep are dominant livestock species in sub-Saharan Africa, with sometimes limited information on the prevalence of major infectious diseases. Restrictions due to notifiable epizootics complicate the exchange of samples in surveillance studies and suggest that laboratory capacities should be established domestically. Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) causes mainly enteric disease in cattle. Spillover to small ruminants is possible. Here we established BCoV serology based on a recombinant immunofluorescence assay for cattle, goats and sheep, and studied the seroprevalence of BCoV in these species in four different locations in the Greater Accra, Volta, Upper East, and Northern provinces of Ghana. The whole sampling and testing was organized and conducted by a veterinary school in Kumasi, Ashanti Region of Ghana. Among sampled sheep (n = 102), goats (n = 66), and cattle (n = 1495), the seroprevalence rates were 25.8 %, 43.1 % and 55.8 %. For cattle, seroprevalence was significantly higher on larger farms (82.2 % vs 17.8 %, comparing farms with >50 or <50 animals; p = 0.027). Highest prevalence was seen in the Northern province with dry climate, but no significant trend following the north-south gradient of sampling sites was detected. Our study identifies a considerable seroprevalence for BCoV in Ghana and provides further support for the spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitus Burimuah
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; School of Veterinary Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Augustina Sylverken
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Michael Owusu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Philip El-Duah
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana; Institute of Virology, Charite, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | - Richmond Yeboah
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Jones Lamptey
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Yaw Oppong Frimpong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Olivia Agbenyega
- Department of Agroforestry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Raphael Folitse
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - William Tasiame
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Institute of Virology, Charite, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Emikpe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eddie-Williams Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Samuel Oppong
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Yaw Adu-Sarkodie
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charite, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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AYDIN H, timurkan MÖ. Buzağı İshallerinde Coronavirusun Nukleoprotein Gen ve Rotavirusun VP7/VP4 Gen Bölgelerinin Kısmi Sekansı ve Filogenetik Analizi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17094/ataunivbd.372439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gomez DE, Arroyo LG, Poljak Z, Viel L, Weese JS. Detection of Bovine Coronavirus in Healthy and Diarrheic Dairy Calves. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1884-1891. [PMID: 28913936 PMCID: PMC5697193 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BCoV is identified in both healthy and diarrheic calves, complicating its assessment as a primary pathogen. Objectives To investigate the detection rates of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in feces of healthy and diarrheic calves and to describe the usefulness of a pancoronavirus reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR (PanCoV‐RT‐PCR) assay to identify BCoV in samples of diarrheic calves. Animals Two hundred and eighty‐six calves <21 days. Calves with liquid or semiliquid feces, temperature >39.5°C, and inappetence were considered as cases, and those that had pasty or firm feces and normal physical examination were designated as controls. Methods Prospective case–control study. A specific BCoV‐RT‐PCR assay was used to detect BCoV in fecal samples. Association between BCoV and health status was evaluated by exact and random effect logistic regression. Fecal (n = 28) and nasal (n = 8) samples from diarrheic calves were tested for the presence of BCoV by both the PanCoV‐RT‐PCR and a specific BCoV‐RT‐PCR assays. A Kappa coefficient test was used to assess the level of agreement of both assays. Results BCoV was detected in 55% (157/286) of calves; 46% (66/143), and 64% (91/143) of healthy and diarrheic calves, respectively. Diarrheic calves had higher odds of BCoV presence than healthy calves (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.83, P = 0.004). A good agreement between PanCoV‐RT‐PCR and BCoV‐RT‐PCR to detect BCoV was identified (κ = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.392 to 0.967; P < 0.001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance BCoV was more likely to be detected in diarrheic than healthy calves. The PanCoV‐RT‐PCR assay can be a useful tool to detect CoV samples from diarrheic calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Gomez
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - L G Arroyo
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Z Poljak
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - L Viel
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J S Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Bok M, Miño S, Rodriguez D, Badaracco A, Nuñes I, Souza SP, Bilbao G, Louge Uriarte E, Galarza R, Vega C, Odeon A, Saif LJ, Parreño V. Molecular and antigenic characterization of bovine Coronavirus circulating in Argentinean cattle during 1994-2010. Vet Microbiol 2015; 181:221-9. [PMID: 26520931 PMCID: PMC7185509 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Detection rate of BCoV was statistically higher in dairy than in beef calves. Argentinean strains are distant from the Mebus strain included in local vaccines. In vitro cross-protection between Arg95 field strain and Mebus reference strain.
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an important viral pathogen associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. Our aim was to investigate the incidence of BCoV in diarrhea outbreaks in beef and dairy herds from Argentina during 1994–2010. A total of 5.365 fecal samples from diarrheic calves were screened for BCoV diagnosis by ELISA. The virus was detected in 1.71% (92/5365) of the samples corresponding to 5.95% (63/1058) of the diarrhea cases in 239 beef and 324 dairy farms. The detection rate of BCoV was significantly higher in dairy than in beef herds: 12.13% (29/239) vs. 4.32% (14/324) respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the hypervariable S1 region of seven representative samples (from different husbandry systems, farm locations and years of sampling) indicated that BCoV strains circulating in Argentinean beef and dairy herds formed a cluster distinct from other geographical regions. Interestingly, Argentinean strains are distantly related (at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels) with the Mebus historic reference BCoV strain included in the vaccines currently available in Argentina. However, Mebus-induced antibodies were capable of neutralizing the BCoV Arg95, a field strain adapted to grow in vitro, and vice versa, indicating that both strains belong to the same CoV serotype reported in cattle. This work represents the first large survey describing BCoV circulation in Argentinean cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bok
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Miño
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang, China
| | - D Rodriguez
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Badaracco
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Nuñes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S P Souza
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Bilbao
- Laboratory of Animal Health, EEA INTA- Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - R Galarza
- EEA, INTA Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C Vega
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Odeon
- Laboratory of Animal Health, EEA INTA- Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - V Parreño
- Virology Institute, CICVyA, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Moore SJ, O'Dea MA, Perkins N, O'Hara AJ. Estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in Australian live export cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:6-17. [PMID: 25525134 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714559741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was investigated in cattle prior to export. A quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect nucleic acids from the following viruses and bacteria in nasal swab samples: Bovine coronavirus (BoCV; Betacoronavirus 1), Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida. Between 2010 and 2012, nasal swabs were collected from 1,484 apparently healthy cattle destined for export to the Middle East and Russian Federation. In addition, whole blood samples from 334 animals were tested for antibodies to BoHV-1, BRSV, BVDV-1, and BPIV-3 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The nasal prevalence of BoCV at the individual animal level was 40.1%. The nasal and seroprevalence of BoHV-1, BRSV, BVDV-1, and BPIV-3 was 1.0% and 39%, 1.2% and 46%, 3.0% and 56%, and 1.4% and 87%, respectively. The nasal prevalence of H. somni, M. bovis, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida was 42%, 4.8%, 13.4%, and 26%, respectively. Significant differences in nasal and seroprevalence were detected between groups of animals from different geographical locations. The results of the current study provide baseline data on the prevalence of organisms associated with BRD in Australian live export cattle in the preassembly period. This data could be used to develop strategies for BRD prevention and control prior to loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jo Moore
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia (Moore, O'Hara)Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Australia (O'Dea)AusVet Animal Health Services, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia (Perkins)
| | - Mark A O'Dea
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia (Moore, O'Hara)Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Australia (O'Dea)AusVet Animal Health Services, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia (Perkins)
| | - Nigel Perkins
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia (Moore, O'Hara)Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Australia (O'Dea)AusVet Animal Health Services, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia (Perkins)
| | - Amanda J O'Hara
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia (Moore, O'Hara)Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Australia (O'Dea)AusVet Animal Health Services, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia (Perkins)
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14
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Moore SJ, O’Dea MA, Perkins N, Barnes A, O’Hara AJ. Mortality of live export cattle on long-haul voyages: pathologic changes and pathogens. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:252-65. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638714522465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of death in 215 cattle on 20 long-haul live export voyages from Australia to the Middle East, Russia, and China was investigated between 2010 and 2012 using gross, histologic, and/or molecular pathology techniques. A quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to detect nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria known to be associated with respiratory disease in cattle: Bovine coronavirus ( Betacoronavirus 1), Bovine herpesvirus 1, Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2, Bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Bovine parainfluenza virus 3, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida. The most commonly diagnosed cause of death was respiratory disease (107/180, 59.4%), followed by lameness ( n = 22, 12.2%), ketosis ( n = 12, 6.7%), septicemia ( n = 11, 6.1%), and enteric disease ( n = 10, 5.6%). Two thirds (130/195) of animals from which lung samples were collected had histologic changes and/or positive qRT-PCR results indicative of infectious lung disease: 93 out of 130 (72%) had evidence of bacterial infection, 4 (3%) had viral infection, and 29 (22%) had mixed bacterial and viral infections, and for 4 (3%) the causative organism could not be identified. Bovine coronavirus was detected in up to 13% of cattle tested, and this finding is likely to have important implications for the management and treatment of respiratory disease in live export cattle. Results from the current study indicate that although overall mortality during live export voyages is low, further research into risk factors for developing respiratory disease is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jo Moore
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia (Moore, Barnes, O’Hara)
- Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O’Dea)
- AusVet Animal Health Services, Queensland, Australia (Perkins)
| | - Mark A. O’Dea
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia (Moore, Barnes, O’Hara)
- Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O’Dea)
- AusVet Animal Health Services, Queensland, Australia (Perkins)
| | - Nigel Perkins
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia (Moore, Barnes, O’Hara)
- Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O’Dea)
- AusVet Animal Health Services, Queensland, Australia (Perkins)
| | - Anne Barnes
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia (Moore, Barnes, O’Hara)
- Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O’Dea)
- AusVet Animal Health Services, Queensland, Australia (Perkins)
| | - Amanda J. O’Hara
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia (Moore, Barnes, O’Hara)
- Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O’Dea)
- AusVet Animal Health Services, Queensland, Australia (Perkins)
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15
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Izzo MM, Kirkland PD, Gu X, Lele Y, Gunn AA, House JK. Comparison of three diagnostic techniques for detection of rotavirus and coronavirus in calf faeces in Australia. Aust Vet J 2012; 90:122-9. [PMID: 22443326 PMCID: PMC7159673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Compare real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow immunochromatography assay (LAT) for the detection of rotavirus and coronavirus in faecal samples collected from diarrhoeic calves. Design Prospective survey. Method Samples were tested at two separate facilities using a commercial ELISA and an in‐house qRT‐PCR. Simple logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between the two tests. A subset of samples was screened using qRT‐PCR, ELISA and a commercial LAT dipstick (132 faecal samples were tested for coronavirus and 122 samples for rotavirus). Results Of the 586 samples tested, 131 (22.39%) and 468 (79.86%) were positive for coronavirus and group A rotavirus, respectively, using qRT‐PCR. The number of samples positive on ELISA for coronavirus and rotavirus was 73 (12.46%) and 225 (38.40%), respectively. Using LAT, 30 (22.73%) and 43 (35.35%) samples were positive for coronavirus and rotavirus, respectively. Simple linear regression revealed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) but weak (r2=−0.07 and −0.40) correlation between the rotavirus/coronavirus qRT‐PCR and ELISA, respectively. There was also poor agreement between the LAT and qRT‐PCR assays. Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of the commercial ELISA and LAT assays evaluated in this study were low compared with qRT‐PCR. The low positive and negative predictive values of the assays suggests that they were of limited diagnostic benefit in the population sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Izzo
- Livestock Veterinary Teaching and Research Unit, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Rd Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia.
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Qiao J, Meng Q, Cai X, Chen C, Zhang Z, Tian Z. Rapid detection of Betacoronavirus 1 from clinical fecal specimens by a novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 24:174-7. [PMID: 22362949 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711425937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Betacoronavirus 1 (BCoV-1) is an important pathogen causing diarrhea in calves. In the current study, a novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for rapid detection of BCoV-1 was successfully developed. The primers were designed to target the highly conserved fragment of BCoV-1 nucleocapsid gene. The assay displayed high specificity detecting only BCoV-1 with no cross reaction with other viruses. When 418 clinical samples from 6 different geographical areas of Xinjiang province were tested by the RT-LAMP method, the results indicated that this test is a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for the detection of BCoV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, North Street No.4, Shihezi City, Xinjiang 832003, China
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17
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Alkan F, Ozkul A, Bilge-Dagalp S, Karaoglu T, Oguzoglu TC, Caliskan E, Burgu I. The detection and genetic characterization based on the S1 gene region of BCoVs from respiratory and enteric infections in Turkey. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 58:179-85. [PMID: 26353053 PMCID: PMC7159375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated bovine coronavirus (BCoV) as an etiological agent in cattle with clinical respiratory and digestive signs using 147 feces and 199 nasal swab samples. A total of 18 test samples (16 feces and 2 nasal swap samples) were detected positive by ELISA and/or RT-PCR targeting the BCoV N gene. The partial S1 gene regions of BCoVs (An-4 and An-11) detected in feces samples from two herd-mate dairy calves were compared. Virological and serological results indicated that BCoVs are widespread in Turkey and are likely etiological agents in diarrhea cases in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology Diskapi, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - A Ozkul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology Diskapi, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Bilge-Dagalp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology Diskapi, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Karaoglu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology Diskapi, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - T C Oguzoglu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology Diskapi, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Caliskan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology Diskapi, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - I Burgu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology Diskapi, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
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Decaro N, Campolo M, Desario C, Cirone F, D'abramo M, Lorusso E, Greco G, Mari V, Colaianni ML, Elia G, Martella V, Buonavoglia C. Respiratory Disease Associated with Bovine Coronavirus Infection in Cattle Herds in Southern Italy. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 20:28-32. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870802000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) associated with bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) infection in Italian cattle herds were reported. In 3 outbreaks, BRD was observed only in 2–3-month-old feedlot calves, whereas in the remaining outbreak, lactating cows, heifers, and calves were simultaneously affected. By using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), BCoV RNA was detected in all outbreaks without evidence of concurrent viral pathogens (i.e., bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus type 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine parainfluenza virus). Common bacteria of cattle were recovered only from 2 outbreaks of BRD: Staphylococcus spp. and Proteus mirabilis (outbreak 1) and Mannheimia haemolytica (outbreak 4). A recently established real-time RT-PCR assay showed that viral RNA loads in nasal secretions ranged between 3.10 × 10 2 and 7.50 × 10 7 RNA copies/μl of template. Bovine Coronavirus was isolated from respiratory specimens from all outbreaks except outbreak 1, in which real-time RT-PCR found very low viral titers in nasal swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Campolo
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Cirone
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Maria D'abramo
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Greco
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Mari
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
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