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Gunn MA, Allen PJ, Rosser TG, Wise DJ, Griffin MJ. CERCARIAL LONGEVITY AND INFECTIVITY OF BOLBOPHORUS DAMNIFICUS, WITH NOTES ON METACERCARIAL PERSISTENCE AND SITE SPECIFICITY IN CHANNEL AND HYBRID CATFISH. J Parasitol 2022; 108:217-225. [PMID: 35446406 DOI: 10.1645/20-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in hybridization practices in U.S. catfish aquaculture have led to increased production of channel (Ictalurus punctatus) × blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) hybrids to capitalize on their more favorable production characteristics. However, the effects of typical channel catfish pathogens on hybrids are not well understood, including the digenean Bolbophorus damnificus, which has caused significant losses in channel catfish production. Three experiments were conducted to assess the longevity and site specificity of 2 life stages of B. damnificus impacting catfish production. The first experiment investigated the cercarial longevity and infectivity of B. damnificus over time. Channel catfish were individually challenged with 100 cercariae/fish with cercariae aged in 12-hr time intervals over 5 days (n = 5 fish/time point), with metacercarial cysts excised and enumerated 14 days postchallenge. There was a decrease in cercaria viability and encysted metacercariae over the first 36 hr, with the 12-hr time point having both the greatest cercaria survival and the highest number of metacercariae in exposed fish. The second experiment investigated the longevity of metacercariae within both channel and hybrid catfish. Fish (n = 30) were exposed to 2 treatments (75 or 150 cercariae/fish), and 2 fish from each treatment were sampled every 3 mo for 13 mo. Live metacercariae, based on motility observed after excystment, were found in both species up to 13 mo postchallenge, indicating the metacercariae of B. damnificus can persist throughout an entire growing season in both channel and hybrid catfish. The third experiment investigated the site specificity of metacercariae within both channel and hybrid catfish. Fish (n = 60/species) were challenged with 300 cercariae/fish and 9 fish/species were sampled after 90 days. Metacercariae were excised and enumerated from the anterior midsection (head and body), posterior midsection (trunk/caudal peduncle), ventral (belly), and caudal fin (tail) sections of each fish. Overall, the trunk/caudal peduncle had a 2-fold increase in the number of metacercariae excised, and although not significantly higher, results indicate this region should be the focal point of pondside assessment for the presence of B. damnificus because of ease of detection of encysted metacercariae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie A Gunn
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
| | - Peter J Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
| | - T Graham Rosser
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
| | - David J Wise
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762.,Delta Research and Extension Center, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776.,Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776
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Molecular and morphological characterisation of four diplostomid metacercariae infecting Tilapia sparrmanii (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in the North West Province, South Africa. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1403-1416. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Alberson NR, Rosser TG, Buddenborg SK, Khoo LH, Loker ES, Richardson TD, Woodyard ET, Wise DJ, Pote LM, Griffin MJ. North and South American Haplotypes ofDrepanocephalus auritus(Digenea: Echinostomatidae) Are Released fromBiomphalaria havanensis(Mollusca: Planorbidae) Inhabiting Catfish Aquaculture Ponds in Mississippi, U.S.A. COMP PARASITOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-84.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neely R. Alberson
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Thomas G. Rosser
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Sarah K. Buddenborg
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 81731, U.S.A.
| | - Lester H. Khoo
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, 127 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, U.S.A.
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, U.S.A
| | - Eric S. Loker
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 81731, U.S.A.
| | - Terry D. Richardson
- Department of Biology, University of North Alabama, 459 North Court Street, Florence, Alabama 35632, U.S.A.
| | - Ethan T. Woodyard
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - David J. Wise
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, 127 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, U.S.A.
| | - Linda M. Pote
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Matt J. Griffin
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, 127 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, U.S.A.
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, U.S.A
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Borges JN, Costa VS, Mantovani C, Barros E, Santos EGN, Mafra CL, Santos CP. Molecular characterization and confocal laser scanning microscopic study of Pygidiopsis macrostomum (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) parasites of guppies Poecilia vivipara. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:191-203. [PMID: 27260384 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pygidiopsis macrostomum and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) pindoramensis (Digenea: Heterophyidae) parasitize guppies as intermediate hosts and, respectively, fish-eating mammals or birds as definitive hosts. Heterophyids have zoonotic potential, and molecular studies associated with morphological and ecological aspects have helped to clarify their taxonomy and phylogeny. Poecilia vivipara naturally parasitized by metacercariae of both species (100% prevalence) exhibit no external signs of parasitism. In this work, four new sequences of P. macrostomum (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and ITS2 rDNA) and one new sequence of A. (P.) pindoramensis (mtDNA cox-1) are presented. Phylogeny reconstructions linked P. macrostomum to other heterophyids, but the separation of the Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae remains unclear. Additionally, we used indirect immunocytochemistry and the phalloidin-fluorescence techniques allied with confocal laser scanning microscopy to describe muscular and neuronal structures of P. macrostomum. A complex arrangement of muscular fibres is associated with the tegument, suckers, gut and reproductive system. Radial fibres around the ventral sucker are thick, branched and extend to the body wall. High-resolution confocal imaging revealed a typical digenean muscular arrangement and important heterophyid morphological traits. These data will support future control measures to reduce the parasitism in guppies reared in fish farming systems, especially for aquarium and experimental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Borges
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental (LAPSA), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V S Costa
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental (LAPSA), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C Mantovani
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - E Barros
- Núcleo de Análises de Biomoléculas do Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - E G N Santos
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental (LAPSA), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C L Mafra
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - C P Santos
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental (LAPSA), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Blasco-Costa I, Locke SA. Life History, Systematics and Evolution of the Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886: Progress, Promises and Challenges Emerging From Molecular Studies. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2017; 98:167-225. [PMID: 28942769 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Diplostomoidea mature in amniotes and employ vertebrates, annelids and molluscs as second intermediate hosts. Diplostomoid life cycles generally follow a three-host pattern typical of digeneans, but novelties have arisen in some species, including obligate four-host life cycles, vertical transmission, and intracellular parasitism. In this review, we summarize the basic biology of diplostomoids with reference to molecular studies, and present challenges, gaps and areas where molecular data could address long-standing questions. Our analysis of published studies revealed that most molecular surveys find more diplostomoid species than expected, but this tendency is influenced by how much effort goes into examining specimens morphologically and the number of sequenced worms. To date, molecular work has concentrated disproportionately on intraspecific or species-level diversity of larval stages in the Diplostomidae in temperate northern regions. Although the higher taxonomy of the superfamily is recognized to be in need of revision, little molecular work has been conducted at this level. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates several families and subfamilies require reconsideration, and that larval morphotypes are more reflective of evolutionary relationships than definitive hosts. The host associations of adult diplostomoids result from host-switching processes, whereas molecular surveys indicate that larval diplostomoid metacercariae have narrow ranges of second intermediate hosts, consistent with coevolution. Molecular data are often used to link diplostomoid developmental stages, and we provide data from adult Neodiplostomum and Mesoophorodiplostomum that correct earlier misidentifications of their larval stages and propose alternatives to collecting definitive hosts.
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Rosser TG, Baumgartner WA, Alberson NR, Woodyard ET, Reichley SR, Wise DJ, Pote LM, Griffin MJ. Austrodiplostomum sp., Bolbophorus sp. (Digenea: Diplostomidae), and Clinostomum marginatum (Digenea: Clinostomidae) metacercariae in inland silverside Menidia beryllina from catfish aquaculture ponds, with notes on the infectivity of Austrodiplostomum sp. cercariae in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4365-4378. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Griffin MJ, Khoo LH, Steadman JM, Ware C, Quiniou SM, Mischke CC, Greenway TE, Wise DJ. Chronic pathology and longevity of Drepanocephalus spathans infections in juvenile Channel Catfish. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2014; 26:210-218. [PMID: 25250624 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2014.938869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Drepanocephalus spathans (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is a common parasite of the double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus. The cercariae of D. spathans have been shown infective to juvenile Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The developing metacercariae concentrate in the cranial regions, often occluding blood vessels at the base of the branchial arch, occasionally resulting in death. The purpose of this study was to determine how long metacercariae of D. spathans persist in experimentally challenged Channel Catfish. Two separate infectivity trials were conducted. In both trials, metacercariae persisted at least 49 d postinfection, although prevalence and intensity of infection decreased over time. In the first trial, juvenile catfish (1-3 g) were exposed over three consecutive days to 100, 100, and 80 cercariae/fish/d, respectively. Fish were sampled 7 d after the final exposure, and metacercariae were observed in 83.3% (five of six) of challenged fish. At 21 d postexposure, metacercariae were present in only 50% of exposed fish (three of six). No metacercaria were observed in fish sampled at 35 d, however, metacercariae were present in one of six (16.7%) fish sampled 49 and 70 d postexposure, respectively. A second challenge consisted of a 24-h pooled exposure of 500 cercariae per fish. Again, metacercariae were present in most (six of seven; 85.7%) fish at 7 d postexposure. At 21 d postexposure, metacercariae were only evident in one of seven (14.3%) sampled fish. No metacercariae were present in any fish at 35 d postchallenge, yet one of seven (14.3%) fish was positive at 49 d postchallenge. The second study was terminated at 63 d postchallenge, as all fish sampled (n = 14) were negative for metacercariae. These data suggest that cercariae of D. spathans are infective to juvenile Channel Catfish, although the infection appears short lived as metacercariae rarely persisted longer than 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Griffin
- a Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Post Office Box 197 , Stoneville , Mississippi 38776 , USA
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Griffin MJ, Reichley SR, Khoo LH, Ware C, Greenway TE, Mischke CC, Wise DJ. Comparative susceptibility of Channel Catfish, Blue Catfish, and their hybrid cross to experimental challenge with Bolbophorus damnificus (Digenea: Bolbophoridae) cercariae. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2014; 26:96-99. [PMID: 24895863 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2014.886636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The digenetic trematode Bolbophorus damnificus has been implicated in significant losses in catfish aquaculture since the late 1990s. The complex life cycle sequentially involves the American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, the marsh rams horn snail Planorbella trivolvis, and Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Research supports anecdotal reports from the industry, suggesting that the hybrid of Channel Catfish×Blue Catfish I. furcatus is less susceptible to disease agents that have been historically prohibitive to Channel Catfish production, namely the gram-negative bacteria Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare, as well as the myxozoan parasite Henneguya ictaluri. This current research compared the susceptibility of Channel Catfish, Blue Catfish, and their hybrid cross to an experimental challenge by B. damnificus. Fish were exposed to 0, 100, 200, and 400 B. damnificus cercariae per fish, and the numbers of metacercariae per fish were determined 14 d postchallenge. Metacercariae were recovered from all challenged fish. There were no significant differences among fish groups challenged with the same dose, suggesting Channel and Blue Catfish and their hybrid are comparably susceptible to B. damnificus infection. As such, it is recommended that producers raising hybrid catfish remain diligent in controlling populations of the snail intermediate host to prevent production losses attributed to B. damnificus, especially when loafing pelicans have been observed at the aquaculture operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Griffin
- a Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine , Mississippi State University, 127 Experiment Station Road , Stoneville , Mississippi 38776 , USA
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Griffin MJ, Khoo LH, Quiniou SM, O'Hear MM, Pote LM, Greenway TE, Wise DJ. Genetic Sequence Data Identifies the Cercaria of Drepanocephalus spathans (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), A Parasite of the Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), with Notes on its Pathology in Juvenile Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J Parasitol 2012; 98:967-72. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-3039.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Mitchell A, Yost M, Pote L, Farmer B, Panuska C. Longevity of Bolbophorus damnificus infections in channel catfish. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2011; 23:103-109. [PMID: 21834334 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2011.587746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The digenean Bolbophorus damnificus infects commercial channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, causing mortality, lower feed consumption, and reduced growth in surviving fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the length of time for which B. damnificus prodiplostomulum metacercariae (juvenile trematode stage that infects fish) would remain viable (parasite appearing to be intact or exhibiting movement) in channel catfish. Fish (n = 210) were infected with molecularly confirmed B. damnificus cercariae harvested from naturally infected marsh rams-horn snails Planorbella trivolvis. During the first sampling (at 20 d postinfection), 8.3 +/- 3.6 metacercariae/fish (mean +/- SD) were found in the host muscle and visceral organs. The channel catfish were then acclimated to a water temperature of either 18 degrees C or 28 degrees C. After 11 months, 6.8 +/- 3.5 and 5.9 +/- 3.0 metacercariae/fish were found in groups held at 18 degrees C and 28 degrees C, respectively. The mean number of parasites per fish did not significantly differ between fish held at the two temperatures and did not significantly decline over time at either temperature. Fish examined from 13 to 30 months postinfection all contained viable metacercariae that were morphologically and molecularly identified as B. damnificus. At 18 months, 12 metacercariae (of which 11 were intact and 10 displayed movement) were found in the one fish sampled; at 30 months, the last fish sampled contained three intact metacercariae (one displayed slight movement). Our results indicate that B. damnificus metacercariae can remain viable in channel catfish for at least an 18-30-month production cycle during which they have the potential to affect fish growth; in addition, infected fish may serve as intermediate hosts for these metacercariae for at least 2.5 years postinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mitchell
- US. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center Post Office Box 1050, 2955 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160, USA.
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Griffin MJ, Wise DJ, Yost MC, Doffitt CM, Pote LM, Greenway TE, Khoo LH. A duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for differentiation between Bolbophorus damnificus and Bolbophorus type II species cercariae. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:615-22. [PMID: 20622236 DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed to differentiate between Bolbophorus damnificus and Bolbophorus type II species cercariae. Both trematode species are prevalent throughout the commercial catfish industry, as both infect the ram's horn snail, Planorbella trivolvis, which is commonly found in catfish ponds. Identification of cercaria to species is important in catfish disease challenge experiments, as only B. damnificus has been shown to have negative impacts on channel catfish. Oligonucleotide primers and fluorescence resonance energy transfer hydrolysis probes were designed to amplify the 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA gene of each species. The quantification cycle indicative of the number of cercariae in the sample prep was determined, and standard curves correlating to cercaria numbers were established. For both species, the assay was found to be highly repeatable and reproducible, with a linear dynamic range covering 7 orders of magnitude. The sensitivity limit of the assay was approximately 1/256th of a cercaria, regardless of species, and there was no remarkable interference between the 2 assays when run simultaneously within the same reaction. In a field study, identification of cercaria by the duplex real-time qPCR assay was in complete agreement with previously established end-point PCR protocols, demonstrating the assay to be a more rapid, quantifiable means of parasite identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Griffin
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, PO Box 197, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
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LOCKE SEANA, DANIEL MCLAUGHLIN J, MARCOGLIESE DAVIDJ. DNA barcodes show cryptic diversity and a potential physiological basis for host specificity among Diplostomoidea (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) parasitizing freshwater fishes in the St. Lawrence River, Canada. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:2813-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Flowers JR, Poore MF, Pote LM, Litaker RW, Levy MG. Cercariae of Bolbophorus damnificus and Bolbophorus sp. with Notes on North American Bolbophorids. COMP PARASITOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1654/4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Olson PD, Tkach VV. Advances and Trends in the Molecular Systematics of the Parasitic Platyhelminthes. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2005; 60:165-243. [PMID: 16230104 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(05)60003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The application of molecular systematics to the parasitic Platyhelminthes (Cestoda, Digenea and Monogenea) over the last decade has advanced our understanding of their interrelationships and evolution substantially. Here we review the current state of play and the early works that led to the molecular-based hypotheses that now predominate in the field; advances in their systematics, taxonomy, classification and phylogeny, as well as trends in species circumscription, molecular targets and analytical methods are discussed for each of the three major parasitic groups. A by-product of this effort has been an ever increasing number of parasitic flatworms characterized genetically, and the useful application of these data to the diagnosis of animal and human pathogens, and to the elucidation of life histories are presented. The final section considers future directions in the field, including taxon sampling, molecular targets of choice, and the current and future utility of mitochondrial and nuclear genomics in systematic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Olson
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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Dzikowski R, Levy MG, Poore MF, Flowers JR, Paperna I. Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819) (Digenea: Clinostomidae) are separate species based on differences in ribosomal DNA. J Parasitol 2004; 90:413-4. [PMID: 15165071 DOI: 10.1645/ge-159r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by metacercariae of Clinostomum (Leidy, 1856) species adversely affect aquacultured fish and are potentially transmissible to humans. Molecular methodologies are efficient tools, which enable diagnosis of all life-history stages of trematodes in their diverse hosts. The small subunit of ribosomal DNA genes of adults of the Old World Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1819) and the New World Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819), obtained from a little egret Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766) and the great blue heron Ardea herodias (Linnaeus, 1758), respectively, were amplified, sequenced, and aligned. The resulting alignment was used to develop a genetic assay to differentiate between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dzikowski
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Hawke JP, Khoo LH. 14 Infectious diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9309(04)80016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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