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Kenyon LK, Farris J, Veety L, Zondervan DK. The IndieTrainer system: a clinical trial protocol exploring use of a powered wheelchair training intervention for children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:1579-1589. [PMID: 37256733 PMCID: PMC10687311 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2023.2218436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The IndieTrainer system, comprised of both a mobility device and gamified training modules, was developed to aid powered wheelchair (PWC) skills acquisition in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The aims of this small-scale study are to: explore use of the IndieTrainer system to improve PWC skills in children who have CP and document parental/caregiver perceptions of, and satisfaction with, the IndieTrainer system. METHOD This small-scale study is an open-label single-arm clinical trial involving a three-week PWC training intervention consisting of two 60-minute training sessions per week. A single session retention trial will be held four weeks after the completion of the intervention period. All research activities will take place in-person in a laboratory-based setting located within a university. Twenty-five child-parent/caregiver dyads will participate in the study. Each child participant will be 3 to 21 years of age and have a diagnosis of CP or other similar condition. The Assessment of Learning Powered mobility use will be the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures will include the Wheelchair Skills Checklist, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, the Customer Satisfaction Questionnaire-8, and a qualitative interview. Data analyses will involve one-way repeated measures ANOVAs followed by paired samples t-tests with Bonferroni adjustments. IMPACT The IndieTrainer system allows children to explore and use power mobility in their own manual wheelchair and was designed to meet the needs of power mobility learners across the continuum of learning. It is the first PWC training system to optimize learning for early learners who do not yet understand cause and effect concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Kenyon
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - John Farris
- Padnos College of Engineering and Computing, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lindsey Veety
- Director of Assistive Technology, The Center for Discovery, Monticello, NY, USA
| | - Daniel K Zondervan
- Chef Executive Officer, Flint Rehabilitation Devices, LLC, Irvine, CA, USA
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De Campos AC, Hidalgo-Robles Á, Longo E, Shrader C, Paleg G. F-words e ingredientes das intervenções precoces para crianças com paralisia cerebral não deambuladoras: uma revisão de escopo. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:e12-e22. [PMID: 37491829 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Cuidados centrados na família (incluindo coaching e intervenções fornecidas pelo cuidador) e treinamento parental formal são estratégias eficazes para crianças nos níveis IV e V do GMFCS. Os ingredientes de tecnologia assistiva podem promover várias F-words (funcionalidade, saúde, família, diversão, amigos e futuro). O menor nível de evidência foi encontrado para diversão, amigos e futuro. Outros fatores (prestação de serviços, treinamento profissional, dose de terapia, modificações ambientais) são relevantes para crianças pequenas nos níveis IV e V do GMFCS. Esta revisão de escopo identificou os ingredientes de intervenções precoces para crianças com paralisia cerebral em risco de não serem deambuladoras, e os mapeou-os de acordo com a estrutura das F-words. O treinamento formal dos pais e a tecnologia assistiva se destacaram como estratégias para abordar com várias F-words.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Egmar Longo
- Departamento de Fisioterapia em Pediatria, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, PB, Brasil
| | - Claire Shrader
- HMS School for Children with Cerebral Palsy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ginny Paleg
- Montgomery County Infants and Toddlers Program, Rockville, MD, USA
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De Campos AC, Hidalgo-Robles Á, Longo E, Shrader C, Paleg G. F-words and early intervention ingredients for non-ambulant children with cerebral palsy: A scoping review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:41-51. [PMID: 37381598 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the ingredients of early interventions provided to young children with cerebral palsy (CP) who are classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels IV and V, and to identify the 'F-words' addressed by the interventions. METHOD Searches were completed in four electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were the original experimental studies that fitted the following PCC components: population, young children (aged 0-5 years, at least 30% of the sample) with CP and significant motor impairment (GMFCS levels IV or V, at least 30% of the sample); concept, non-surgical and non-pharmacological early intervention services measuring outcomes from any of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health domains; and context, studies published from 2001 to 2021, from all settings and not limited to any specific geographical location. RESULTS Eighty-seven papers were included for review, with qualitative (n = 3), mixed-methods (n = 4), quantitative descriptive (n = 22), quantitative non-randomized (n = 39), and quantitative randomized (n = 19) designs. Fitness (n = 59), family (n = 46), and functioning (n = 33) ingredients were addressed by most experimental studies, whereas studies on fun (n = 6), friends (n = 5), and future (n = 14) were scarce. Several other factors (n = 55) related to the environment, for example, service provision, professional training, therapy dose, and environmental modifications, were also relevant. INTERPRETATION Many studies positively supported formal parent training and use of assistive technology to promote several F-words. A menu of intervention ingredients was provided, with suggestions for future research, to incorporate them into a real context within the family and clinical practice. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Family-centred care (including coaching and caregiver-delivered interventions) and formal parental training are effective strategies for children in GMFCS levels IV and V. Assistive technology ingredients (power, mobility, supported, sitting, stepping, and standing) may promote several 'F-words' (functioning, fitness, family, fun, friends, and future). The lowest level of evidence was found for fun, friends, and future. Other factors (service provision, professional training, therapy dose, environmental modifications) are relevant for young children in GMFCS levels IV and V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina De Campos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos-, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Egmar Longo
- Department of Physical therapy in Pediatrics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-, PB, Brazil
| | - Claire Shrader
- HMS School for Children with Cerebral Palsy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ginny Paleg
- Montgomery County Infants and Toddlers Program, Rockville, MD, USA
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De Campos AC, Hidalgo-Robles Á, Longo E, Shrader C, Paleg G. F-Wörter und Interventionsinhalte in der Frühförderung nicht gehfähiger Kinder mit Cerebralparese: eine umfangreiche Literaturübersicht. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:e23-e34. [PMID: 37740649 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
AbstractZielUntersuchung der Inhalte von Frühfördermaßnahmen für Kleinkinder mit Cerebralparese (CP) mit Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Level IV und V und die Identifikation von „F‐Wörtern“, die von den Maßnahmen adressiert werden.MethodeRecherche in vier elektronischen Datenbanken. Einschlusskriterien: experimentelle Originalstudien, die die folgenden PCC‐Komponenten erfüllten: Population: Kleinkinder (im Alter von 0–5 Jahre, mindestens 30% der Stichprobe) mit CP und erheblicher motorischer Beeinträchtigung (GMFCS‐Levels IV oder V, mindestens 30% der Stichprobe); Konzept: nicht‐chirurgische und nicht‐pharmakologische Leistungen der Frühförderung, die Ergebnisse aus einem der Bereiche der Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) messen; und Kontext: Studien, die zwischen 2001 und 2021 veröffentlicht wurden, in allen Konstellationen und nicht auf einen bestimmten geografischen Ort beschränkt.Ergebnisse87 Studien wurden in dieser Literaturübersicht berücksichtigt, mit qualitativen (n = 3), Mixed Methods (n = 4), quantitativ deskriptiven (n = 22), quantitativ nicht‐randomisierten (n = 39) und quantitativ randomisierten (n = 19) Designs. Die meisten experimentellen Studien befassten sich mit Fitness (n = 59), Familie (n = 46) und Funktion (n = 33), während es nur wenige Studien zu den Bereichen Spaß (n = 6), Freunde (n = 5) und Zukunft (n = 14) gab. Verschiedene Umweltfaktoren (n = 55) waren ebenfalls bedeutsam, z. B. das Angebot an Dienstleistungen, Berufsausbildung, Therapiedosis und Umweltanpassungen.InterpretationViele Studien unterstützen Elternschulungen und den Einsatz assistiver Technologien zur Förderung verschiedener F‐Wörter. Ein „Menü“ von Inhalten der Frühförderung wurden ermittelt, mit Vorschlägen für weitere Forschung, um diese in der klinischen Praxis mit Familien umzusetzen.Was dieser Artikel beiträgt
Familienzentrierte Angebote (einschließlich Beratung von und Intervention durch die Bezugspersonen) und strukturiertes Elterntraining sind wirksame Strategien für Kinder in den GMFCS‐Levels IV und V.
Hilfsmittel (Elektromobilität, unterstütztes Sitzen, Stehen und Gehen) können verschiedene „F‐Wörter“ fördern (Funktion, Fitness, Familie, Spaß, Freunde und Zukunft).
Die geringste Menge an Evidenz wurde für Spaß, Freunde und Zukunft gefunden.
Andere Faktoren (Angebot an Dienstleistungen, Berufsausbildung, Therapiedosis, Umweltanpassungen) sind relevant für Kleinkinder der GMFCS‐Levels IV und V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina De Campos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Egmar Longo
- Department of Physical therapy in Pediatrics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Claire Shrader
- HMS School for Children with Cerebral Palsy, PA, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ginny Paleg
- Montgomery County Infants and Toddlers Program, Early Childhood Services, MD, Rockville, USA
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de Campos AC, Hidalgo-Robles Á, Longo E, Shrader C, Paleg G. F-words e ingredientes de las intervenciones tempranas dirigidas a niños no ambulantes con parálisis cerebral: Una revisión exploratoria. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:e1-e11. [PMID: 37491808 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
La atención centrada en la familia (incluyendo coaching e intervenciones realizadas por los cuidadores) y el entrenamiento formal de los padres son estrategias efectivas para los niños con niveles IV y V de la GMFCS. Los ingredientes de la tecnología de apoyo pueden promover varias "F-words" (funcionamiento, estado físico, familia, diversión, amigos y futuro). Se encontró el nivel más bajo de evidencia para diversión, amigos y futuro. Otros factores (provisión de servicios, formación profesional, dosis de terapia, modificaciones del entorno) son relevantes para los niños pequeños con niveles IV y V de la GMFCS. Ingredientes de la intervención y F-words en intervenciones tempranas dirigidas a niños no ambulantes con parálisis cerebral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina de Campos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, -SP, Brazil
| | | | - Egmar Longo
- Department of Physical therapy in Pediatrics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, -PB, Brazil
| | - Claire Shrader
- HMS School for Children with Cerebral Palsy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ginny Paleg
- Montgomery County Infants and Toddlers Program, Rockville, MD, USA
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MacWilliams BA, Prasad S, Shuckra AL, Schwartz MH. Causal factors affecting gross motor function in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270121. [PMID: 35849563 PMCID: PMC9292109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex neuromuscular condition that may negatively influence gross motor function. Children diagnosed with CP often exhibit spasticity, weakness, reduced motor control, contracture, and bony malalignment. Despite many previous association studies, the causal impact of these impairments on motor function is unknown. Aim In this study, we proposed a causal model which estimated the effects of common impairments on motor function in children with spastic CP as measured by the 66-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66). We estimated both direct and total effect sizes of all included variables using linear regression based on covariate adjustment sets implied by the minimally sufficient adjustment sets. In addition, we estimated bivariate effect sizes of all measures for comparison. Method We retrospectively evaluated 300 consecutive subjects with spastic cerebral palsy who underwent routine clinical gait analysis. Model data included standard information collected during this analysis. Results The largest causal effect sizes, as measured by standardized regression coefficients, were found for selective voluntary motor control and dynamic motor control, followed by strength, then gait deviations. In contrast, common treatment targets, such as spasticity and orthopedic deformity, had relatively small effects. Effect sizes estimated from bivariate models, which cannot appropriately adjust for other causal factors, substantially overestimated the total effect of spasticity, strength, and orthopedic deformity. Interpretation Understanding the effects of impairments on gross motor function will allow clinicians to direct treatments at those impairments with the greatest potential to influence gross motor function and provide realistic expectations of the anticipated changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. MacWilliams
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarada Prasad
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Shuckra
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Schwartz
- James R. Gage Center for Gait and Motion Analysis, Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Sharova O, Smiyan O, Borén T. Immunological effects of cerebral palsy and rehabilitation exercises in children. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100365. [PMID: 34704080 PMCID: PMC8522480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of motor disorders caused by non-progressive lesions of the premature brain with lifelong pathophysiological consequences that include dysregulation of innate immunity. Persistent inflammation with increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) is negatively associated with rehabilitation outcome in children with CP. Because of the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity, we investigated the effect of CP and rehabilitation exercises on the adaptive immune system in children with CP by measuring the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ Т-cells, and CD22+ B-cells and the levels of immunoglobulins. Children with CP had higher levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ Т-cells, and CD22+ B-cells compared to healthy children, and the rehabilitation exercise programs produced better outcomes in terms of increased gains in motor function at an earlier age. Rehabilitation exercises performed over a month resulted in significantly decreased levels of IgA in serum and reduced numbers of B-lymphocytes and reduced IgM levels. Our study suggests that rehabilitation programs with a focus on neuroplasticity and physical exercises in children with CP can reduce both cellular and humoral immune responses. Children with CP demonstrate increased levels of T and B cells. Rehabilitation exercises helped balance immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Sharova
- Department of Pediatrics, Sumy State University, 40031, Sumy, Ukraine
- Corresponding author.
| | - Oleksandr Smiyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sumy State University, 40031, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Thomas Borén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
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Al-Garni S, Derbala S, Saad H, Maaty AI. Developmental anomalies and associated impairments in Saudi children with cerebral palsy: a registry-based, multicenter study. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43166-021-00057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There are few epidemiological data to support rehabilitation programs for cerebral palsy (CP). Scarce international studies described the developmental anomalies (DAs) among children with CP. To our knowledge, the Arab countries did not publish data regarding this topic. This study aimed to describe the percentage of DAs among children with CP and detect the association between clinical subtypes and impairment severity in children with various DAs. We collected registry data of 679 children with cerebral palsy, between 2014 and 2019, from Armed Forces Hospitals, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We recorded demographic, perinatal, postnatal, developmental anomalies, subtypes, and impairment characteristics. We utilized the chi-square test to calculate the differences between groups.
Results
We reported significant differences between the children with and without anomalies regarding the percentages of consanguinity, preterm labor, low birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission (P = 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.005, respectively). Congenital dysplasia of the hip and hydrocephalus was the most frequent skeletal and nervous anomalies among children with DAs (19.1% and 12.8%, respectively). The spastic bilateral pattern was significantly higher among children with skeletal anomalies than the central nervous system/other groups (P < 0.001). The nervous anomalies group had higher frequencies of severe intellectual, motor, speech, and visual disabilities and a higher percentage of seizures than all other groups.
Conclusions
The frequency of children with anomalies in this study was comparable to previous studies. Children with CP and nervous system anomalies had more severe motor disabilities and associated impairments.
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Park EY, Kim WH. Effect of neurodevelopmental treatment-based physical therapy on the change of muscle strength, spasticity, and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci 2017. [PMID: 28626301 PMCID: PMC5468216 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of neurodevelopmental treatment-based physical therapy on muscle tone, strength, and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. [Subjects and Methods] One-hundred-seventy-five children with spastic cerebral palsy (88 diplegia; 78 quadriplegia) received neurodevelopmental treatment-based physical therapy for 35 minutes per day, 2–3 times per week for 1 year. Spasticity, muscle strength, and gross motor function were measured before and after treatment with the Modified Ashworth Scale, Manual Muscle Testing, and Gross Motor Function Measure, respectively. [Results] Spasticity was significantly reduced after 1 year of treatment. The Gross Motor Functional Classification System levels I–II group showed a significant increase in muscle strength compared with the Gross Motor Functional Classification System levels III–V, and the latter showed a significant decrease in spasticity compared with the former. [Conclusion] Neurodevelopmental treatment-based physical therapy in children with cerebral palsy seems to be effective in reducing spasticity, but does not improve gross motor function. Therefore, other interventional approaches are needed to improve gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Park
- Department of Secondary Special Education, College of Education, Jeonju University, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ho Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ulsan College, Republic of Korea
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Rogoveanu OC, Tuțescu NC, Kamal D, Alexandru DO, Kamal C, Streba CT, Trăistaru MR. The benefits of a comprehensive rehabilitation program in patients diagnosed with spastic quadriplegia. J Med Life 2016; 9:263-269. [PMID: 27974931 PMCID: PMC5154311 DOI: pmid/27974931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spastic quadriplegia has as an etiopathogenic substrate, a non-progressive brain lesion; however, the clinical manifestations of the disease evolve over time. Children diagnosed with spastic quadriplegia show a variety of symptoms in different areas: sensorimotor, emotional, cognitive, and social. The purpose of this study was to assess the functional status in patients diagnosed with spastic quadriplegia, who followed a complex medical rehabilitation program, during a year, and highlight the importance of using physical and kinetic techniques in improving their status. A total of 10 children diagnosed with spastic quadriplegia were included in the study and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and manual ability classification system (MACS) were used to evaluate the functionality status of each patient. Every patient was evaluated initially (T1), after six months of program (T2), and after they completed the study. All the children were originally monitored daily, for 5 days per week for a period of one month, then two times a week for a year. A statistically significant difference regarding the modification of the GMFCS and MACS stage was found, which occurred between the first and the third evaluation. The inverse correlation of the statistical significance between the ages of patients and the decrease in GMFCS or MACS stage was highlighted; the younger the patient, the more the scale decreased. A direct link between the gross motor function and the manual ability was noticed. Applying a complex rehabilitation program has proven efficient by improving both the gross motor functionality and the manual ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Rogoveanu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - N C Tuțescu
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwives, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - D Kamal
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - D O Alexandru
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - C Kamal
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - C T Streba
- Department of Research Methodology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - M R Trăistaru
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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Park EY. Effect of physical therapy frequency on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1888-91. [PMID: 27390440 PMCID: PMC4932081 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study attempted to investigate the effect of physical therapy frequency
based on neurodevelopmental therapy on gross motor function in children with cerebral
palsy. [Subjects and Methods] The study sample included 161 children with cerebral palsy
who attended a convalescent or rehabilitation center for disabled individuals or a special
school for children with physical disabilities in South Korea. Gross Motor Function
Measure data were collected according to physical therapy frequency based on
neurodevelopmental therapy for a period of 1 year. [Results] The correlation between
physical therapy frequency and Gross Motor Function Measure scores for crawling and
kneeling, standing, walking, running and jumping, and rolling, and the Gross Motor
Function Measure total score was significant. The differences in gross motor function
according to physical therapy frequency were significant for crawling, kneeling, standing,
and Gross Motor Function Measure total score. The differences in gross motor function
according to frequency of physical therapy were significant for standing in Gross Motor
Function Classification System Level V. [Conclusion] Intensive physical therapy was more
effective for improving gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. In
particular, crawling and kneeling, and standing ability showed greater increases with
intensive physical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Park
- Department of Secondary Special Education, College of Education, Jeonju University, Republic of Korea
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