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Pereira NCL, Michalsky ÉM, Alonso C, Pinheiro LC, Lara-Silva FO, Lima NA, Nobi RCA, de Mello HES, Fortes-Dias CL, Dias ES. Survey of phlebotomine sand fly fauna in a public Zoo in Brazil: Species diversity, seasonality, and host variety. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 44:100917. [PMID: 37652636 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a dynamic disease in which transmission conditions change due to environmental and human behavioral factors. Epidemiological analyses have shown modifications in the spread profile and growing urbanization of the disease, justifying the expansion of endemic areas and increasing number of cases in dogs and humans. In the city of Belo Horizonte, located in the southeastern state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic, with a typical urban transmission pattern, but with different regional prevalence. This study was conducted at the Zoo of the Foundation of Municipal Parks and Zoobotany of Belo Horizonte (FPMZB-BH), located in the Pampulha region, which is among the areas most severely affected by VL. This study aimed to determine the taxonomic diversity of native phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), identify climatic variables that potentially affect the phenology of these insects, and determine the blood meal sources for female phlebotomine sand flies. To achieve this, 10 mammal enclosures in the zoo were selected using the presence of possible leishmaniasis reservoirs as a selection criterion, and sampled using light traps between August 2019 and August 2021. A total of 6034 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, indicating nine species, with Lutzomyia longipalpis being the very abundant species (65.35% of the total). Of the 108 engorged phlebotomine collected females, seven samples (6.5%) were positive for blood meals from humans, marsupials, canids, and birds. Relative humidity and rainfall increased the phenology of phlebotomine sand flies, with population increases in the hottest and wettest months. The data obtained will provide guidelines for competent health agencies to implement vector control measures to reduce the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in the FPMZB-BH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Cristina Lima Pereira
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Érika Monteiro Michalsky
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caroline Alonso
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cavalari Pinheiro
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Oliveira Lara-Silva
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathália Albergaria Lima
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Regina Celi Antunes Nobi
- Foundation of Municipal Parks and Zoobotany of Belo Horizonte, Av. Otacílio Negrão de Lima, 8000, CEP 31365-450 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Humberto Espírito Santo de Mello
- Foundation of Municipal Parks and Zoobotany of Belo Horizonte, Av. Otacílio Negrão de Lima, 8000, CEP 31365-450 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias
- Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro 80, CEP 30550-010 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edelberto Santos Dias
- René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Braz MS, Sáfadi T, Ferreira RA, Morais MHF, Silva Z, Rocha CMBMD. Temporal relationship between human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in an urban area in southeastern Brazil: An application of the ARIMAX model. Prev Vet Med 2023; 215:105921. [PMID: 37149992 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease of public and animal health importance. With the urbanization of the disease, there is evidence of a temporal correlation between the occurrence of human (HVL) and canine (CVL) visceral leishmaniasis, usually with cases in dogs preceding those in humans. In this context, the objective of this study was to develop a time series model suitable for canine-human transmission of Leishmania infantum. Monthly cases of HVL and CVL from 2006 to 2018 in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated, and monthly health indicators were calculated for HVL and CVL, i.e., incidence coefficient (HVL_IC) and proportion of seropositive dogs (PSD), respectively. The temporal relationship was evaluated using an autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variable (ARIMAX) model for two different periods (January 2006-August 2013 and September 2013-December 2018). During the 13 years studied, 1115 new cases of HVL and 103,358 dogs seropositive for CVL were recorded. HVL_IC and PSD exhibited decreasing trends throughout the first study period (January 2006-August 2013). According to the ARIMAX model adjusted for this period, there was a temporal relationship between HVL_IC and PSD, with HVL_IC being influenced by HVL_IC for the last two and five months and by PSD for the third previous month. For the second study period (September 2013-December 2018), it was not possible to fit an ARIMAX model. This study highlights the improvements made by VL surveillance since 2006 in Belo Horizonte and contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease by public health policy-makers, doctors and veterinarians involved in the prevention and control of zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Silvia Braz
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thelma Sáfadi
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Agostinho Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CEP 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Franco Morais
- Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Diretoria de Zoonoses, CEP 30130-012 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zoraia Silva
- Rua Dr. Armando Amaral 247, CEP 37203-587 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Chiyo L, Dos Santos AG, de Souza AB, Rivas AV, Valle SB, Sevá ADP, Viana KF. Cross-sectional spatial and epidemiological analysis of canine visceral leishmaniasis cases in the triple border region, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, between 2015 and 2020. Acta Trop 2023; 239:106811. [PMID: 36608750 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis is one of the most important vector-borne zoonoses in the world. In 2013, the first autochthonous canine case of the disease in the state of Paraná, southern region of Brazil, was reported in Foz do Iguaçu, on the triple border between Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. In 2015, the first human case was related. Once the endemic was confirmed, the Zoonoses Control Center (ZCC), an agency of the Municipal Health Department, started actions to implement the Human Visceral Leishmaniasis (HVL) Surveillance and Control Program (VLSCP), of the Ministry of Health. Between 2015 and 2020, 12,205 dog samples were analyzed for the diagnosis of the disease. A prevalence of 37.94% (4,630 samples) was found: 2016 had the highest prevalence, with 46.25%, and the year with the lowest prevalence was 2020, with 25.98%. Possible risk factors for dogs were analyzed, and the results obtained were: whether the request for the exam was performed by the ZCC was a significant protective factor, with a lower prevalence (37.5%) than dogs coming from private clinics (OR = 0.89, p-value = 0.016). Males were significantly more infected than females, with 41.1% and 35.7% positivity, respectively (OR = 1.24, p < 0.0001). Companion dogs and mixed breed dogs were significantly less affected than the other groups tested (OR = 0.44, p < 0.001; OR = 0.79, p = 0.012, respectively). The dogs' dark coat color was a significant risk factor with respect to the other color categories. Short and medium coat sizes were significantly considered risk factors, with 41.3% and 31.3% positivity. Long-haired dogs had only 22.7% positivity. In univariate analyses, giant, large and medium dogs were significantly more affected than small dogs. Dogs up to four years of age were significantly less affected than those in other age groups. There was a coincidence of human and canine cases in the spatial distribution. However, according to the literature, a higher incidence would be expected in humans, due to the high prevalence found in dogs. Therefore, further studies should be carried out to understand the dynamics of the disease in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Chiyo
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil; Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura Municipal de Foz do Iguaçu, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Angelo Gabriel Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adrieli Barboza de Souza
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Açucena Veleh Rivas
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil; Centro de Medicina Tropical da Tríplice Fronteira, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kelvinson Fernandes Viana
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil.
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Dias DS, Machado JM, Ribeiro PAF, Machado AS, Ramos FF, Nogueira LM, Gonçalves AAM, Ramos LDS, Gandra IB, Coutinho FS, dos Santos M, da Silva JO, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Teixeira-Neto RG, Chaves AT, Campos-da-Paz M, Souza AA, Giunchetti RC, Freitas SM, Lyon S, de Magalhães-Soares DF, Silveira JAG, Silva ES, Coelho EAF, Galdino AS. rMELEISH: A Novel Recombinant Multiepitope-Based Protein Applied to the Serodiagnosis of Both Canine and Human Visceral Leishmaniasis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020302. [PMID: 36839574 PMCID: PMC9958779 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a critical public health problem in over ninety countries. The control measures adopted in Brazil have been insufficient when it comes to preventing the spread of this overlooked disease. In this context, a precise diagnosis of VL in dogs and humans could help to reduce the number of cases of this disease. Distinct studies for the diagnosis of VL have used single recombinant proteins in serological assays; however, the results have been variable, mainly in relation to the sensitivity of the antigens. In this context, the development of multiepitope-based proteins could be relevant to solving such problem. METHODS a chimeric protein (rMELEISH) was constructed based on amino acid sequences from kinesin 39 (k39), alpha-tubulin, and heat-shock proteins HSP70 and HSP 83.1, and tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) for the detection of L. infantum infection using canine (n = 140) and human (n = 145) sera samples. RESULTS in the trials, rMELEISH was able to discriminate between VL cases and cross-reactive diseases and healthy samples, with sensitivity and specificity values of 100%, as compared to the use of a soluble Leishmania antigenic extract (SLA). CONCLUSIONS the preliminary data suggest that rMELEISH has the potential to be tested in future studies against a larger serological panel and in field conditions for the diagnosis of canine and human VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Silva Dias
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Martins Machado
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Aparecida Fernandes Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda Sanchez Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fonseca Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Lais Moreira Nogueira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Luana de Sousa Ramos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Isadora Braga Gandra
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviane Silva Coutinho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Michelli dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José S/N, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Rafael Gonçalves Teixeira-Neto
- Laboratório de Doenças Infecto-Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Thereza Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Campos-da-Paz
- Laboratório de Bioativos & Nanobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda A. Souza
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Freitas
- Laboratorio de Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lyon
- Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Angelica Gonçalves Silveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sergio Silva
- Laboratório de Doenças Infecto-Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Soares PHA, da Silva ES, Penaforte KM, Ribeiro RAN, de Melo MOG, Cardoso DT, Santos IM, Machado RC, Trindade CLC, Cunha AKR, Teixeira-Neto RG, de Melo SN, de Aquino VV, Belo VS. Responsible companion animal guardianship is associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis: an analytical cross-sectional survey in an urban area of southeastern Brazil. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:135. [PMID: 35410221 PMCID: PMC8996582 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Responsible companion animal guardianship (RCAG) comprises a set of concepts involving activities, behavior and care that guardians must provide to ensure the welfare of their animals. When such principles are disregarded, the risk of animals developing zoonotic diseases, such as canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), increases. This disease is a public health problem in many urban settings in Brazil because dogs are the main reservoirs of Leishmania and are involved in the transmission of the parasites to humans. Our analytical cross-sectional epidemiological survey aimed to investigate the prevalence of CVL in a city in southeastern Brazil and to establish the association between the disease and a number of predictor variables including dog traits, socioeconomic status of guardians, ecological features of the domicile and RCAG. Results Our study showed that the global prevalence of CVL in the sample canine population was 6.7% (47/704). All variables related to better dog care were associated with lower chances of infection. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the chances of animals being seropositive for CVL were significantly (p < 0.05) higher when guardians had no formal education or possessed a university degree (vs. those with complete primary or secondary schooling) and when dogs were sheltered outside the house and had free access to the streets. An additional novel finding was that dogs that were acquired as puppies presented half of the chance of developing the disease in comparison with those acquired at the adult stage. Geographically weighted logistic regression coefficients showed that the strengths of the predictor/CVL associations varied depending on the studied geographical space. Both models demonstrated that the associations were always in the same directions. Conclusions Our findings indicate that regardless of age and mode of acquisition, adult dogs should be submitted to clinical evaluation and tests for CVL. RCAG can exert positive effects on the control of CVL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03238-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Araújo Soares
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sérgio da Silva
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Klauber Menezes Penaforte
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Aparecida Nascimento Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ingrid Morselli Santos
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Raissa Cotta Machado
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Clara Lemos Carneiro Trindade
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Anna Karolyna Rodrigues Cunha
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gonçalves Teixeira-Neto
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Saulo Nascimento de Melo
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Vilela de Aquino
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Silva Belo
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
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