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Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Action of Salvadora persica Extract as Intracanal Medication (In Vitro and Ex Vivo Experiment). MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041373. [PMID: 35207914 PMCID: PMC8878108 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of Salvadora persica (S. persica) extract, a natural product, as an intracanal medication in comparison with calcium hydroxide (Metapaste, META BIOMED, Cheongju, Korea). The pH values of both materials were tested. The biocompatibility of S. persica extract and Metapaste was determined using light microscopy and MTT assays. The antibacterial action was tested using the zone of bacterial inhibition on four common bacterial species. In addition, intracanal medication was administered using 68 extracted single-rooted teeth contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and the percentage reduction in colony count (% RCC) at 1, 3, and 7 days was measured. The extension of activity for both materials was assessed using histological sections and scanning electron microscopy. S. persica was found to be acidic in nature. Both materials showed significantly lower cell viability than the positive control cells on days 1 and 3 but not on day 7. S. persica showed better antibacterial effects against E. faecalis and S. mutans. S. persica extract showed 97.6%, 98.9%, and 99.3% RCC values at 1, 3, and 7 days, respectively, which are comparable to those of Metapaste. S. persica herbal extract is a promising material that can be utilized as an intracanal medication, but its use requires further research.
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The Antimicrobial, Antioxidative, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Scaffolds Containing Chrysin for Regenerative Endodontic Purposes. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:3828777. [PMID: 34630572 PMCID: PMC8497129 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3828777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The appropriate endodontic material should eliminate the infection and inflammation to provide a situation for regeneration and healing of pulp tissue besides biomineralization. Chrysin is one of the active ingredients of plant flavonoids, which has significant anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. In the present study, this natural substance was evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mineralization properties on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). SEM, FTIR, and TGA tests were used to determine the successful synthesize of chrysin-loaded scaffolds. The antimicrobial effects of the synthesized scaffold against Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis were assessed by the agar diffusion test and live/dead assay. The proliferation of DPSCs on these scaffolds was determined by the MTT assay, DAPI staining, and DNA extraction. Moreover, the antioxidant and anti-inflammation activity of chrysin-loaded scaffolds on inflamed DPSCs was evaluated. Alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red S Stain tests were done to evaluate the mineralization of DPSCs seeded on these scaffolds. The chrysin-loaded scaffolds reported antimicrobial effects against evaluated bacterial strains. The proliferation of DPSCs seeded on these scaffolds was increased significantly (p < 0.05). The TNFα and DCF levels in inflamed DPSCs showed a significant decrease in the presence of chrysin-loaded scaffolds (p < 0.05). The ALP activity and formation of mineralized nodules of DPSCs on these scaffolds were significantly increased compared with the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicated that chrysin as an ancient therapeutic agent can accelerate the healing and regeneration of damaged pulp tissue, and this active ingredient can be a potential natural substance for regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Osanloo M, Ghaznavi G, Abdollahi A. Surveying the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from selected medicinal plants against human pathogens. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 12:577-583. [PMID: 33613912 PMCID: PMC7884278 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i6.5032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Essential oils (EOs) with different biological activities, such as antibacterial properties, are a valuable resource for developing new drugs. Materials and Methods: Ingredients of six medicinally important EOs, including Artemisia dracunculus, Anethum graveolens, Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Zingiber officinale, were identified using GC-MS analysis. Moreover, their five major compounds were also listed. Furthermore, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against four important human bacteria was also investigated using the 96-well plate microdilution. Results: C. sinensis EO with IC50 of 1.0 and 4.7 mg.mL–1 have the most effect on the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Moreover, EOs of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (IC50: 1.0 mg. Ml–1) and Artemisia dracunculus (IC50: 1.3 mg.mL–1) significantly showed better inhibitory effect on E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Conclusion: These EOs could be used for developing inexpensive, potent, and green antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Osanloo
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ghazal Ghaznavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Carvalho GJLD, Sodré GDS. Application of propolis in agriculture. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000632019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abu Hasna A, Pereira Da Silva L, Pelegrini FC, Ferreira CLR, de Oliveira LD, Carvalho CAT. Effect of sodium hypochlorite solution and gel with/without passive ultrasonic irrigation on Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and their endotoxins. F1000Res 2020; 9:642. [PMID: 33149896 PMCID: PMC7573735 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24721.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used irrigant in endodontics
. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NaOCl solution (2.5%) and gel (3%) with/without passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on
Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and their endotoxins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Methods: 40 human lower premolars were contaminated with
E. coli (ATCC 25922) for 28 days and
E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) for 21 days. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups: (1) 2.5% NaOCl irrigating the canals without PUI activation; (2) 2.5% NaOCl with PUI; (3) 3% NaOCl gel irrigating the canals without PUI; and (4) 3% NaOCl gel with PUI. 40 mL of irrigant was used for each group. PUI activation was carried out using E1-Irrisonic stainless-steel tip at 10% frequency. After treatment, all specimens were filled with 3mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3min and then washed with nonpyrogenic saline solution. Three samples were collected from the canals: S1, at baseline to confirm biofilm formation; S2 after treatment; and S3 after EDTA. Samples were assessed for
E. coli and
E. faecalis colony forming units, and LPS and LTA were assessed using chromogenic kinetic LAL assay and ELISA, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Friedmann and Dunn tests with α≤0.05. Results: All groups were effective in reducing the microbial load of
E. coli and
E. faecalis after treatment without a significant difference among the groups. NaOCl and NaOCl gel groups had no significant difference in reducing LPS and LTA. Statistically increased reduction was seen for NaOCL + PUI and NaOCl gel + PUI compared for groups without PUI. Conclusions: NaOCl gel has the same antimicrobial action of NaOCl solution and can partially detoxify endotoxins. PUI improves NaOCl (gel or solution) action over
E. faecalis and
E. coli and their endotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division., São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
| | - Laiana Pereira Da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division., São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carvalho Pelegrini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division., São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Luísa Ribeiro Ferreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division., São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division., São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245000, Brazil
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Abu Hasna A, Khoury RD, Toia CC, Gonçalves GB, de Andrade FB, Talge Carvalho CA, Ribeiro Camargo CH, Carneiro Valera M. In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of N-acetylcysteine and Photodynamic Therapy on Root Canals Infected with Enterococcus faecalis. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2020; 15:236-245. [PMID: 36704111 PMCID: PMC9709833 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v15i4.26865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and NAC with supplemental PDT in optimizing the removal of bacteria from infected dentinal tubules of root canals infected with Enterococcus (E.) faecalis biofilm. Methods and Materials Eighty human teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=16) according to the intracanal medication used: saline solution (control); calcium hydroxide (CH); NAC; PDT; NAC+PDT. Ten samples from each group were prepared for microbiological culture analysis (CFU/mL) and were inoculated with E. faecalis suspension for 21 days for biofilm development; the other six samples from each group were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and submitted to a 5-days contamination protocol including eight centrifugation cycles on every other day for dentinal tubules infection. For antimicrobial activity analysis by microbiological culture (CFU/mL), the root canals were contaminated with E. faecalis biofilm, instrumented and then medicated according to the experimental groups. Three samples were collected from the root canals: after 21-days of contamination, immediately after the instrumentation and 14-days after the medication according to the experimental groups. The morphology of E. faecalis biofilm on the root canal walls and bacterial cells viability were assessed by means of SEM and CLSM, respectively. One-way ANOVA and Repeated Measures ANOVA tests were used to analyze the obtained data statistically. Results CFU/mL analysis showed that CH, NAC and NAC+PDT promoted greater antibacterial activity with statistically significant difference compared to saline solution and PDT (P<0.0001). However, saline solution and PDT were statistically similar (P>0.07). Illustrative images by SEM confirmed partially the CFU/mL results. CLSM showed that all groups were effective eliminating E. faecalis except for the saline solution group. Conclusions Based on this in vitro study NAC was bactericidal against E. faecalis biofilms regardless PDT stimulation, presenting similar antimicrobial activity to CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rayana Duarte Khoury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia Cestari Toia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Beatriz Gonçalves
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Carneiro Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva S, Alves N, Silva P, Vieira T, Maciel P, Castellano LR, Bonan P, Velozo C, Albuquerque D. Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Citrus aurantium bergamia, and Copaifera officinalis Alone and in Combination with Calcium Hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8129439. [PMID: 31915705 PMCID: PMC6935445 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8129439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations of essential oils combined with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis. Thirteen experimental groups were formed: NC (negative control); PC (positive control); GC (growth control); SC (sterilization control); RO (Rosmarinus officinalis); ROH (calcium hydroxide + RO); ZO (Zingiber officinale); ZOH (calcium hydroxide + ZO); AB (Citrus aurantium bergamia); ABH (calcium hydroxide + AB); CO (Copaifera officinalis); COH (calcium hydroxide + CO); DWH (calcium hydroxide and distilled water). After reconstitution of the E. faecalis strain, microdilution testing was performed to define the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet, and the MIC and MBC were calculated in accordance with the Bacteriological Analytical Handbook. MICs in the range of 0 to 100 mg/ml were only observed in the ROH group. The RO, ROH, AB, ZO, and ZOH presented absolute data for MBC. Bacterial growth was detected in the DWH group at all concentrations tested. The combination of the essential oils tested here with calcium hydroxide appears promising as an intracanal medication in endodontic treatment because of its effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis. Essential oils are important in endodontic therapy since calcium hydroxide, the gold standard intracanal medication, is not effective against E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmara Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
| | - Nayane Alves
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
| | - Thalita Vieira
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
| | - Panmella Maciel
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB 58033-455, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Roberto Castellano
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group‐GEPIH, Health Technical School, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58033-455, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bonan
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB 58033-455, Brazil
| | - Christianne Velozo
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
| | - Diana Albuquerque
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
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Rossoni RD, Ribeiro FDC, dos Santos HFS, dos Santos JD, Oliveira NDS, Dutra MTDS, de Lapena SAB, Junqueira JC. Galleria mellonella as an experimental model to study human oral pathogens. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Moreira França MC, da Silva TM, Queiroz RC, Bin CV, Da Rosa Cardoso FG, Valera MC. Diffusion of hydroxyl ion on external root surface using different irrigating solutions: An In vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2019; 30:414-419. [PMID: 31397418 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_253_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the diffusion of hydroxyl ion to the external root surface using different irrigating solutions and intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty bovine tooth roots were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n = 10), according to the irrigating substance used during biomechanical preparation: 12% glycolic propolis extract (PROP); 20% glycolic ginger extract (GENG); 2% sodium hypochlorite with surfactant (NaOClS); 2% chlorhexidine gel (CLX); 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); and physiological saline solution. After filling the root canals with calcium hydroxide paste, pH measurements were taken directly at the external cavities over time intervals of up to 30 days. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (P < 0.05). RESULTS The pH of the external root surface was increased when the surfactant associated with NaOCl was used. However, the pH values were very close for the different groups. Hydroxyl ion diffusion up to the external root surface did not exceed the pH value of 8.5, and in the hollow passage of the canal, the pH was higher than 12. CONCLUSIONS Hydroxyl ion diffusion of calcium hydroxide paste through the dentinal tubules up to the external root surface allows minimal alkalinization of this surface, and it is greater when using NaOCl with surfactant during biomechanical preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Costa Moreira França
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mara da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Camila Queiroz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Villela Bin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Carneiro Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, SP, Brazil
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Makeeva IM, Franko A, Semenov AM, Byakova SF, Novozhilova NE, Dezhurko-Korol VA. [The in vitro examination of the effectiveness of antiseptic substances for a surface disinfection of teeth inoculated with Escherichia coli]. STOMATOLOGIIA 2018; 97:8-10. [PMID: 30199059 DOI: 10.17116/stomat2018970418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of penetration of Escherichia coli bacteria into the dentinal tubules of the samples and determine the antimicrobial efficacy after 5 and 20 min exposition of 3% H2O2 (groups I and II) and 1 and 5 min exposition of 3% NaOCl (groups III and IV) for surface disinfection of bovine teeth. The samples were subjected to inoculation with E. coli suspension. The quality of disinfection was assessed with the three methods. The surface disinfection of samples proved to be effective only in groups II and IV. In the cultures of all dissolutions of dentinal chips suspensions in groups I, III and V there was a growth of E. coli in the form of a continuous pitch. In the group II a growth of Escherichia coli was revealed only in the initial dissolution in the quantity 1,8x101 CFU/ml, whereas in the group IV the growth was nil. Quantitative estimation of bacterial penetration using the method of maximum dissolutions revealed similar quantity of bacteria as in the group II as well as in the calculation of CFU. The application of 3% solution of H2O2 with the exposition of 20 minutes secures the qualitative surface disinfection of teeth without destruction of bacteria inside dental tubules and that allows to discover viable bacteria inside dentinal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Makeeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Franko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Semenov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S F Byakova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N E Novozhilova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Silva TMD, Fernandes VVB, Santana RSD, Marinho RMDM, Valera MC, Bresciani E. Influence of Zingiber officinale Extract on Push-Out Bond Strength of Glass-Fiber Post. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:93-98. [PMID: 29267532 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of 20% glycolic ginger extract on the bond strength of glass-fiber post cemented with etch-and-rinse or self-etching resin cement. Forty-eight bovine roots were standardized (17±0.5 mm) and randomly divided into two groups, according to irrigant used during biomechanical preparation: NaOCl: 1% sodium hypochlorite and GEN: 20% glycolic ginger extract. Root canal was prepared and randomly assigned to one of two subgroups (n=12), according to luting protocol: self-etching (RelyX U200) and etch-and-rinse (RelyX ARC). After 48 h, the roots were sectioned perpendicularly (4 in cervical third and 3 in middle third) and submitted to push-out bond strength test (50 kgf load cell, 1.0 mm/min). Failure mode was analyzed in SEM and stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). ANOVA revealed that there were no significant differences between U200 (2.01±0.17)B and ARC (1.93±0.12)B in GEN group, and at the cervical third for both irrigants, 2.69±0.16A and 2.54±0.17A, respectively. Middle third showed lower bond strength than cervical third, regardless the irrigant. Overall, the cervical third regardless the irrigant employed and the association between NaOCl and ARC, presented better adhesive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Mara da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Virgílio Vilas Boas Fernandes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Soares de Santana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Marques de Melo Marinho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Carneiro Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bresciani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Borzini L, Condò R, De Dominicis P, Casaglia A, Cerroni L. Root Canal Irrigation: Chemical Agents and Plant Extracts Against Enterococcus faecalis. Open Dent J 2016; 10:692-703. [PMID: 28217184 PMCID: PMC5299586 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are various microorganisms related to intra and extra-radicular infections and many of these are involved in persistent infections. Bacterial elimination from the root canal is achieved by means of the mechanical action of instruments and irrigation as well as the antibacterial effects of the irrigating solutions. Enterococcus faecalis can frequently be isolated from root canals in cases of failed root canal treatments. Antimicrobial agents have often been developed and optimized for their activity against endodontic bacteria. An ideal root canal irrigant should be biocompatible, because of its close contact with the periodontal tissues during endodontic treatment. Sodium hypoclorite (NaOCl) is one of the most widely recommended and used endodontic irrigants but it is highly toxic to periapical tissues. OBJECTIVES To analyze the literature on the chemotherapeutic agent and plant extracts studied as root canal irrigants. In particularly, the study is focused on their effect on Enterococcus faecalis. METHOD Literature search was performed electronically in PubMed (PubMed Central, MEDLINE) for articles published in English from 1982 to April 2015. The searched keywords were "endodontic irrigants" and "Enterococcus faecalis" and "essential oil" and "plant extracts". RESULTS Many of the studied chemotherapeutic agents and plant extracts have shown promising results in vitro. CONCLUSION Some of the considered phytotherapic substances, could be a potential alternative to NaOCl for the biomechanical treatment of the endodontic space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Borzini
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Condò
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo De Dominicis
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Casaglia
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cerroni
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Venkateshbabu N, Anand S, Abarajithan M, Sheriff SO, Jacob PS, Sonia N. Natural Therapeutic Options in Endodontics - A Review. Open Dent J 2016; 10:214-26. [PMID: 27386007 PMCID: PMC4911752 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete eradication of microbial biofilms and elimination of the smear layer are the key factors during endodontic treatment. Various chemical irrigants have been proposed in the literature for the same. The major setback with these chemical irrigants is that they are not bio-friendly to the dental and peri-radicular tissues. In the recent years, research to use natural products for root canal disinfection has gained importance. The aim of this article is to compile various herbal products that have been used as an irrigants and intracanal medicaments in the field of Endodontics to eradicate the biofilm and remove smear layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Anand
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Penang International Dental College, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Sultan O Sheriff
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pulikkotil S Jacob
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nath Sonia
- Department of Periodontology, Vananchal Dental College, Garhwa, India
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14
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Sakko M, Tjäderhane L, Sorsa T, Hietala P, Rautemaa R. 2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid is bactericidal in human dental root canalsex vivo. Int Endod J 2016; 50:455-463. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sakko
- Institute of Dentistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology; Haartman Institute; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu; Oulu University Hospital; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - L. Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu; Oulu University Hospital; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - T. Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institute; Huddinge Sweden
| | | | - R. Rautemaa
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- University Hospital of South Manchester; Manchester UK
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15
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Saatchi M, Shokraneh A, Navaei H, Maracy MR, Shojaei H. Antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 22:356-65. [PMID: 25466470 PMCID: PMC4245746 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the most
frequently isolated strain in failed endodontic therapy cases since it is
resistant to calcium hydroxide (CH). Whether a combination of CH and chlorhexidine
(CHX) is more effective than CH alone against E. faecalis is a matter of
controversy. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and
meta-analysis of the literature. Material and Methods A comprehensive search in PubMed, EMbase, EBSCOhost, The Cochrane Library, SciELO,
and BBO databases, Clinical trials registers, Open Grey, and conference
proceedings from the earliest available date to February 1, 2013 was carried out
and the relevant articles were identified by two independent reviewers. Backward
and forward search was performed and then inclusion and exclusion criteria were
applied. The included studies were divided into "comparisons" according to the
depth of sampling and dressing period of each medicament. Meta-analysis was
performed using Stata software 10.0. The level of significance was set at
0.05. Results Eighty-five studies were retrieved from databases and backward/forward searches.
Fortyfive studies were considered as relevant (5 in vivo, 18
in vitro, 18 ex vivo, and 4 review articles).
Nine studies were included for meta-analysis. Inter-observer agreement (Cohen
kappa) was 0.93. The included studies were divided into 21 comparisons for
meta-analysis. Chi-square test showed the comparisons were heterogeneous
(p<0.001). Random effect model demonstrated no significant difference between
CH/CHX mixture and CH alone in their effect on E. faecalis
(p=0.115). Conclusions According to the evidence available now, mixing CH with CHX does not significantly
increase the antimicrobial activity of CH against E. faecalis. It
appears that mixing CH with CHX does not improve its ex vivo
antibacterial property as an intracanal medicament against E.
faecalis. Further in vivo studies are necessary to
confirm and correlate the findings of this study with the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Saatchi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Shokraneh
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hooman Navaei
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maracy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hasan Shojaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Caffeic Acid phenethyl ester is a potential therapeutic agent for oral cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10748-66. [PMID: 25984601 PMCID: PMC4463674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers, which affect 650,000 people and cause 350,000 deaths per year, is the sixth leading cancer by cancer incidence and eighth by cancer-related death worldwide. Oral cancer is the most common type of head and neck cancer. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The overall five-year survival rate of OSCC patients is approximately 63%, which is due to the low response rate to current therapeutic drugs. In this review we discuss the possibility of using caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as an alternative treatment for oral cancer. CAPE is a strong antioxidant extracted from honeybee hive propolis. Recent studies indicate that CAPE treatment can effectively suppress the proliferation, survival, and metastasis of oral cancer cells. CAPE treatment inhibits Akt signaling, cell cycle regulatory proteins, NF-κB function, as well as activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Therefore, CAPE treatment induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral cancer cells. According to the evidence that aberrations in the EGFR/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling, NF-κB function, COX-2 activity, and MMPs activity are frequently found in oral cancers, and that the phosphorylation of Akt, EGFR, and COX-2 correlates to oral cancer patient survival and clinical progression, we believe that CAPE treatment will be useful for treatment of advanced oral cancer patients.
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17
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Valera MC, Cardoso FGDR, Maekawa LE, Camargo CHR, de Oliveira LD, Carvalho CAT. In vitro antimicrobial and anti-endotoxin action of Zingiber Officinale as auxiliary chemical and medicament combined to calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 73:556-61. [PMID: 25892281 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.949846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted in vitro to compare the effectiveness of Zingiber Officinale as an auxiliary chemical substance followed by placement of different intra-canal medication in removing endotoxins and cultivable micro-organisms from infected root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two root canals were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli for 28 days. After, the teeth were instrumented using Zingiber Officinale and divided into six groups according to the intra-canal medication: chlorhexidine gel; calcium hydroxide + chlorhexidine gel; glycolic ginger extract; calcium hydroxide + glycolic ginger extract; calcium hydroxide + saline solution and saline solution (control). Sample collections were performed after root canal contamination (Baseline; S1), after instrumentation (S2), 7 days after instrumentation (S3), after 14 days with intra-canal medication (S4) and 7 days after removal of intra-canal medication (S5). The results were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. RESULTS It was observed that in S2 and S3 there was significant reduction of the micro-organisms and the quantity of endotoxins after instrumentation. In samples S4 and S5 there was complete elimination of micro-organisms and significant reduction of endotoxins. CONCLUSION It was concluded that Zingiber Officinale as an auxiliary chemical substance was effective on the micro-organisms tested, yet was unable to eliminate the endotoxins. Similarly, the intra-canal medication were effective on micro-organisms, yet did not completely eliminate the endotoxins.
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18
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Maekawa LE, Rossoni RD, Barbosa JO, Jorge AOC, Junqueira JC, Valera MC. Different extracts of Zingiber officinale decrease Enterococcus faecalis infection in Galleria mellonella. Braz Dent J 2015; 26:105-9. [PMID: 25831098 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried, fresh and glycolic extracts of Zingiber officinale were obtained to evaluate the action against G. mellonella survival assay against Enterococcus faecalis infection. Eighty larvae were divided into: 1) E. faecalis suspension (control); 2) E. faecalis + fresh extract of Z. officinale (FEO); 3) E. faecalis + dried extract of Z. officinale (DEO); 4) E. faecalis + glycolic extract of Z. officinale (GEO); 5) Phosphate buffered saline (PBS). For control group, a 5 μL inoculum of standardized suspension (107 cells/mL) of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) was injected into the last left proleg of each larva. For the treatment groups, after E. faecalis inoculation, the extracts were also injected, but into the last right proleg. The larvae were stored at 37 °C and the number of dead larvae was recorded daily for 168 h (7 days) to analyze the survival curve. The larvae were considered dead when they did not show any movement after touching. E. faecalis infection led to the death of 85% of the larvae after 168 h. Notwithstanding, in treatment groups with association of extracts, there was an increase in the survival rates of 50% (GEO), 61% (FEO) and 66% (DEO) of the larvae. In all treatment groups, the larvae exhibited a survival increase with statistically significant difference in relation to control group (p=0.0029). There were no statistically significant differences among treatment groups with different extracts (p=0.3859). It may be concluded that the tested extracts showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis infection by increasing the survival of Galleria mellonella larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Eiko Maekawa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodnei Dennis Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Júnia Oliveira Barbosa
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Carneiro Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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19
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Kim D, Kim E. Antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment: a literature review - Part I. In vitro studies. Restor Dent Endod 2014; 39:241-52. [PMID: 25383341 PMCID: PMC4223092 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2014.39.4.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of endodontic treatment is the prevention and control of pulpal and periradicular infections. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) has been widely used in endodontics as an intracanal medicament to eliminate the remaining microorganisms after chemomechanical preparation. The purpose of this article is to review the antimicrobial properties of Ca(OH)2 as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment. The first part of this review details the characteristics of Ca(OH)2 and summarizes the results of in vitro studies related to its antimicrobial effect. The antimicrobial effect of Ca(OH)2 results from the release of hydroxyl ions when it comes into contact with aqueous fluids. Ca(OH)2 has a wide range of antimicrobial effects against common endodontic pathogens, but is less effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The addition of vehicles or other agents might contribute to the antimicrobial effect of Ca(OH)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Abstract
Propolis, known as bee glue, is a wax-cum-resin substance, which is created out of a mix of buds from some trees with the substance secreted from the bee's glands. Its diverse chemical content is responsible for many valuable properties. Multiple applications of propolis have been studied and described in detail for centuries. However, currently available information on propolis is scarce. A literature search in the PubMed database was performed for English language articles, using the search terms propolis, oral health, dentistry, and oral cancer; no restrictions were used for publication dates. The aim of the article was to review propolis and its applications in dentistry including oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagish Kumar L S
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College and Hospital, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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21
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de Oliveira Marreiro R, Bandeira MFCL, de Souza TP, de Almeida MC, Bendaham K, Venâncio GN, Rodrigues IC, Coelho CN, Milério PSLL, de Oliveira GP, de Oliveira Conde NC. Evaluation of the stability and antimicrobial activity of an ethanolic extract of Libidibia ferrea. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2014; 6:9-13. [PMID: 24501546 PMCID: PMC3912047 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s54319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is a dense, whitish, noncalcified aggregate of bacteria, with desquamated epithelial cells and food debris creating conditions for an imbalance of resident oral microflora and favoring the destruction of hard and soft tissues by development of caries and gingivitis. The aim of this study was to obtain and characterize an extract of Libidibia ferrea, ex Caesalpinia ferrea L. and to evaluate its feasibility for formulation as a mouthwash, according to current legislation. For this purpose, pH, sedimentation, density, and stability were evaluated, along with microbiological testing of the extract. The microbiological test was used to verify the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungi, yeasts, coliforms, and minimum inhibitory concentrations of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus oralis strains. Characterization, microbiological evaluation, and minimum inhibitory concentration results were tabulated and described using descriptive statistics. The L. ferrea extract showed stable characteristics, product quality, and antibacterial activity against the microorganisms tested irrespective of experimental time intervals. According to these results, it can be concluded that formulation of a mouthwash containing L. ferrea extract to control biofilm is feasible, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katiana Bendaham
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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