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de Souza ÂC, Pereira DC, Barth PO, Roesch EW, Lutz L, Aquino VR, Goldani LZ. Rapid identification,fluconazole and micafungin susceptibility testing of Candida species from blood culture by a short incubation method. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116271. [PMID: 38522370 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate a rapid method for identification by MALDI-TOF system and determination of the susceptibility to Fluconazole and Micafungin by broth microdilution among Candidaspecies causing bloodstream infections. Subcultures from blood culture bottles were incubated for 5 hours (+/- 1h) and used to perform the tests, so that the turnaround time of rapid identification and susceptibility profile was about 5 and 24 hours, respectively. The rapid identification showed agreement of 92.05 %. Regarding the rapid broth microdilution for Fluconazole and Micafungin, the agreement was 97.06 % (p<0.001) and 100 % (p<0.001), and the Kappa coefficient was 0.91 (p<0.001) and 1.0 (p<0.001), respectively. To conclude, both rapid methods showed to be reproducible, inexpensive, easy to perform and time-saving. Thus, these methodologies could be useful to guide and adjust empirical antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ândrea Celestino de Souza
- Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Dariane Castro Pereira
- Unidade de Microbiologia, Serviço de Diagnóstico Laboratorial - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Patricia Orlandi Barth
- Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Eliane Würdig Roesch
- Unidade de Microbiologia, Serviço de Diagnóstico Laboratorial - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Larissa Lutz
- Unidade de Microbiologia, Serviço de Diagnóstico Laboratorial - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Valério Rodrigues Aquino
- Unidade de Microbiologia, Serviço de Diagnóstico Laboratorial - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Luciano Zubaran Goldani
- Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Azadi S, Azizipour E, Amani AM, Vaez A, Zareshahrabadi Z, Abbaspour A, Firuzyar T, Dortaj H, Kamyab H, Chelliapan S, Mosleh-Shirazi S. Antifungal activity of Fe 3O 4@SiO 2/Schiff-base/Cu(II) magnetic nanoparticles against pathogenic Candida species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5855. [PMID: 38467729 PMCID: PMC10928175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The antifungal efficacy and cytotoxicity of a novel nano-antifungal agent, the Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff-base complex of Cu(II) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), have been assessed for targeting drug-resistant Candida species. Due to the rising issue of fungal infections, especially candidiasis, and resistance to traditional antifungals, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. Utilizing Schiff-base ligands known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, the Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff-base/Cu(II) MNPs have been synthesized. The Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff-base/Cu(II) MNPs was characterized by Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrating successful synthesis. The antifungal potential was evaluated against six Candida species (C. dubliniensis, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. albicans) using the broth microdilution method. The results indicated strong antifungal activity in the range of 8-64 μg/mL with the lowest MIC (8 μg/mL) observed against C. parapsilosis. The result showed the MIC of 32 μg/mL against C. albicans as the most common infection source. The antifungal mechanism is likely due to the disruption of the fungal cell wall and membrane, along with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leading to cell death. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay for cytotoxicity on mouse L929 fibroblastic cells suggested low toxicity and even enhanced cell proliferation at certain concentrations. This study demonstrates the promise of Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff-base/Cu(II) MNPs as a potent antifungal agent with potential applications in the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections, healthcare-associated infections, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Azadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Esmat Azizipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbaspour
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Firuzyar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hengameh Dortaj
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sareh Mosleh-Shirazi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
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Friedlein U, Dorn-In S, Schwaiger K. Antimicrobial Effects of Plant Extracts against Clostridium perfringens with Respect to Food-Relevant Influencing Factors. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1809-1818. [PMID: 34115849 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The application of plant extracts (PEs) could be a promising option to satisfy consumers' demand for natural additives to inhibit growth of variable pathogenic bacteria. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a standardized microdilution method to examine the antimicrobial effects of 10 hydrophilic PEs against two strains of Clostridium perfringens facing various food-relevant influencing factors. Because of the high opacity of PEs, resazurin was used as an indicator for bacterial growth instead of pellet formation. The highest value of the MIC of the replications of each PE was defined as effective plant extract concentration (EPC), whereas the next concentration beneath the lowest MIC was defined as the ineffective plant extract concentration (IEPC). The EPCs of seven PEs, allspice, cardamom, cinnamon, clove, coriander, ginger, and mace, were between 0.625 and 10 g/kg, whereas extracts of caraway, nutmeg, and thyme showed no antimicrobial activity up to the maximum concentration tested (10 g/kg) against C. perfringens in vitro. Two intrinsic factors, sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2), displayed either synergistic or additive effects or no interaction with most PEs. By combination with PEs at their IEPC (0.08 to 1.25 g/kg), MIC of NaCl and NaNO2 decreased from between 25 and 50 g/kg to between 6 and 25 g/kg and from more than 200 mg/kg to between 0.2 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, lipid (sunflower oil) at a low concentration inhibited the antimicrobial effects of all tested PEs. For extrinsic factors, only allspice, ginger, and coriander could maintain their antimicrobial effects after being heated to 78°C for 30 min. The synergistic effect between PEs and pH values (5.0 and 5.5) was also found for all PEs. The established screening method with resazurin and defining EPC and IEPC values allows the verification of antimicrobial effects of PEs under various food-relevant influencing factors in a fast and reproducible way. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Friedlein
- Chair of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Schönleutnerstr. 8, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Samart Dorn-In
- Chair of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Schönleutnerstr. 8, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Karin Schwaiger
- Chair of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Schönleutnerstr. 8, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Osanloo M, Ghaznavi G, Abdollahi A. Surveying the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from selected medicinal plants against human pathogens. Iran J Microbiol 2021; 12:577-583. [PMID: 33613912 PMCID: PMC7884278 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i6.5032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Essential oils (EOs) with different biological activities, such as antibacterial properties, are a valuable resource for developing new drugs. Materials and Methods: Ingredients of six medicinally important EOs, including Artemisia dracunculus, Anethum graveolens, Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Zingiber officinale, were identified using GC-MS analysis. Moreover, their five major compounds were also listed. Furthermore, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against four important human bacteria was also investigated using the 96-well plate microdilution. Results: C. sinensis EO with IC50 of 1.0 and 4.7 mg.mL–1 have the most effect on the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Moreover, EOs of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (IC50: 1.0 mg. Ml–1) and Artemisia dracunculus (IC50: 1.3 mg.mL–1) significantly showed better inhibitory effect on E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Conclusion: These EOs could be used for developing inexpensive, potent, and green antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Osanloo
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ghazal Ghaznavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Feysia SG, Hasan-Nejad M, Amini S, Hamzelou G, Kazemian H, Kardan-Yamchi J, Karami-Zarandi M, Feizabadi MM. Incidence, Clinical Manifestation, Treatment Outcome, and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in HIV Patients in Tehran, Iran. Ethiop J Health Sci 2020; 30:75-84. [PMID: 32116435 PMCID: PMC7036467 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections have radically increased worldwide due to the increase in HIV infections. The disease activity increases with progressive immunodeficiency. Methods A total of 216 HIV seropositive patients suspected of having mycobacterial infection were recruited for this study. Clinical samples were collected from each patient and cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media. Detection and species identification were simultaneously done using Reverse Blot Hybridization Assay System. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for each isolate were determined in 7H9 broth media for 10 antibiotics. Results In this study, 4 rapid and 4 slow-growing NTM species were isolated and identified. Mycobacterium fortuitum was the most common NTM species, 3/8 (37.5%), followed by Mycobacterium kansasii, 2/8 (25%). The cases were identified as pulmonary disease, 5/8 (62.5 %), disseminated infection, 2/8 (25%), and skin abscess, 1/8 (12.5%). M. chelonae and Mycobacterium avium were isolated from patients diagnosed with disseminated infection with treatment failure. The skin abscess was caused by infection with M. simiae. The results of the MIC testing were as follows: M. kansasii and M. fortuitum were susceptible to amikacin (AMK); M. avium to clarithromycin (CLA); M. fortuitum 2/3 (67%) to ciprofloxacin (CIP); 1/2 (50%) of M. kansasii isolates to CLA, and M. chelonae to rifampin (RIF), linezolid (LIN), AMK, and CIP at medium and high concentrations. Conclusion AMK showed incredible in vitro activity against M. kansasii and M. fortuitum. Also, M. avium was susceptible to CLA, whereas M. simiae and M. chelonae were resistant to the tested drugs in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seifu Gizaw Feysia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasan-Nejad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS.,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siroos Amini
- Referral Tuberculosis Laboratory, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hamzelou
- Referral Tuberculosis Laboratory, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Jalil Kardan-Yamchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karami-Zarandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Arendrup MC, Kahlmeter G, Guinea J, Meletiadis J. How to: perform antifungal susceptibility testing of microconidia-forming dermatophytes following the new reference EUCAST method E.Def 11.0, exemplified by Trichophyton. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:55-60. [PMID: 32916260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antifungal drug resistance in dermatophytes was first reported shortly after the turn of the millennium and has today been reported in Trichophyton and occasionally in Microsporum, but not in Epidermophyton species. Although drug resistance in dermatophytes is not routinely investigated, resistance in Trichophyton spp. is increasingly reported worldwide. The highest rates are observed in India (36% and 68% for terbinafine (MIC ≥4 mg/L) and fluconazole (MICs ≥16 mg/L), respectively), and apparently involve the spread of a unique clade related to the Trichophyton mentagrophytes/Trichophyton interdigitale complex. OBJECTIVES The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST-AFST) has released a new method (E.Def 11.0) for antifungal susceptibility testing against microconidia-forming dermatophytes including tentative MIC ranges for quality control strains and tentative breakpoints against Trichophyton rubrum and T. interdigitale. Here, the details of the new procedure E.Def 11.0 are described. SOURCES This technical note is based on the multicentre validation of the EUCAST dermatophyte antifungal susceptibility testing method, the mould testing method (E.Def 9.3.2) and the updated quality control tables for antifungal susceptibility testing document, v 5.0 (available on the EUCAST website). CONTENTS The method is based on the EUCAST microdilution method for moulds but significant differences include: (a) an altered test medium selective for dermatophytes; (b) an altered incubation time and temperature; and (c) a different end-point criterion (spectrophotometric determination) of fungal growth. It can easily be implemented in laboratories already performing EUCAST microdilution methods and has been validated for terbinafine, voriconazole, itraconazole and amorolfine against T. rubrum and T. interdigitale. IMPLICATIONS This standardized procedure with automated end-point reading will allow broader implementation of susceptibility testing of dermatophytes and so facilitate earlier appropriate therapy. This is important, as resistance is rapidly emerging and largely underdiagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiken C Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Gunnar Kahlmeter
- The EUCAST Development Laboratory, Clinical Microbiology, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Jesus Guinea
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joseph Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Gonzalo X, Satta G, Ortiz Canseco J, McHugh TD, Drobniewski F. Ertapenem and Faropenem against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: in vitro testing and comparison by macro and microdilution. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:271. [PMID: 32867678 PMCID: PMC7457350 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interest in carbapenems has been rising in the last few years due to the emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis. Ertapenem (ETP), given once a day parenteral, and faropenem (FAR), oral, have a better administration profile than meropenem (MEM), imipenem (IPM) and doripenem (DOR). The addition of amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) inhibits the hydrolysis by the carbapenemase present in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of ETP and FAR against susceptible and resistant clinical MTB strains by two widely use methodologies, the BACTEC960 MGIT and microdilution. Results 19 clinical isolates with different susceptibility profiles and H37Rv were included. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing was performed using two methods of different concentrations of ETP and FAR with and without AMC. MIC50 was 2 and 8 for FAR with and without AMC by both methods. MIC90 was > 16 and > 8 by microdilution and MGIT respectively and did not change after AMC addition. 18/20 samples were resistant to the highest concentration of ETP, with and without AMC. Half of the samples had some susceptibility to FAR; addition of AMC further reduced the MIC level in seven isolates. 10/20 isolates showed susceptibility to FAR and the addition of AMC further reduced the MIC in 7 isolates. However, most of the MICs were near the limit of effectiveness (8 μg/mL). Resistance to FAR was associated with resistance to MEM (p = 0.04) but not to resistance profiles of other drugs, including M/XDR status. Conclusions The lack of ETP activity may be associated with its degradation, independent of carbapenemase, during incubation. No susceptibility pattern to traditional drugs can predict susceptibility to FAR and susceptibility testing is not routinely available. PK/PD studies are needed as reaching the concentrations tested in these experiments may be challenging. This work highlighted some of the limitations of carbapenem use. More evidence is needed to clarify their true impact in TB treatment and outcome, considering the financial burden, complications and microbiota changes associated with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Gonzalo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Section Adult Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, 8th Floor, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Rd, Shepherd's Bush, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Satta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Section Adult Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, 8th Floor, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Rd, Shepherd's Bush, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Ortiz Canseco
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Timothy D McHugh
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
| | - Francis Drobniewski
- Imperial College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section Adult Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, 8th Floor, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Rd, Shepherd's Bush, London, W12 0HS, United Kingdom
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Fonseca E Silva D, Andrade FF, Gomes R, Silva-Dias A, Martins-Oliveira I, Pérez-Viso B, Ramos MH, Rodrigues AG, Cantón R, Pina-Vaz C. Ultra-rapid flow cytometry assay for colistin MIC determination in Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1559.e1-1559.e4. [PMID: 32835792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both EUCAST and CLSI recommend broth microdilution for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of colistin, but this method is cumbersome and takes 16-24 h to give results. Our objective was to evaluate a rapid quantitative colistin MIC susceptibility assay based on flow cytometry analysis (FASTcolistin MIC) in comparison with standard broth microdilution assay. METHODS One hundred and sixteen Gram-negative bacilli (78 Enterobacterales, 28 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 10 Acinetobacter baumannii) were studied in parallel using standard broth microdilution following EUCAST recommendations and FASTcolistin MIC kit. In the last one, a bacteria suspension (0.5 MacFarland) was prepared, diluted in Muller-Hinton broth, incubated in the susceptibility panel containing different colistin concentrations (range 0.125-64 mg/L) with a fluorescent probe and incubated 1 h at 35ºC. After that, a flow cytometry analysis using CytoFLEX (Beckmam) was performed. Using a dedicated software (BioFAST) an automated MIC result was obtained after 1.5 h. Performance evaluation was performed according to the ISO standard 20776-2. Reproducibility and repeatability, categorical (CA) and essential agreement (EA), and lot-to-lot variation and operator-to-operator variability, as well as time to results were determined. RESULTS Overall, 100% CA (CI 97-100%) and 95.7% EA (CI 90-98%) was obtained with high repeatability (100%; CI 80-100%)and reproducibility (97%; (CI 83-99%)). Absence of lot-to-lot variations or differences in the operators' performance was observed. CONCLUSIONS FASTcolistin MIC is an accurate, reliable and ultra-rapid method (1 h incubation versus 24 h) for susceptibility testing of colistin of common Gram-negative bacilli recovered in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fonseca E Silva
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital and University Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ferdinando F Andrade
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Blanca Pérez-Viso
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Helena Ramos
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital and University Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Acácio G Rodrigues
- FASTinov, SA, Porto, Portugal; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cidália Pina-Vaz
- FASTinov, SA, Porto, Portugal; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal.
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de Sousa ESO, Cortez ACA, de Souza Carvalho Melhem M, Frickmann H, de Souza JVB. Factors influencing susceptibility testing of antifungal drugs: a critical review of document M27-A4 from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1791-1800. [PMID: 32757139 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing numbers of fungal infections and the emergence of drug-resistant fungi, optimization and standardization of diagnostic methods for the measurement of antifungal susceptibility are ongoing. The M27-A4 document by the US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) is presently used for the interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentrations of major opportunistic yeast species as measured by broth microdilution testing in many countries. Although microdilution is considered a benchmark for reproducible and accurate results, increased testing capacity, and limited human bias, the method is often inaccessible to routine clinical laboratories and researchers, especially in low-income countries. Furthermore, several studies suggest that there are still a considerable number of factors that make the estimation of in vitro activity of antifungal agents challenging. This review article summarizes the limitations of the M27-A4 standard which, despite the advances and improvements obtained by the standardization of antimicrobial resistance testing methods by CLSI, still persist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Claúdia Alves Cortez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, National Institute for Amazonian Research - INPA, André Araújo Avenue, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcia de Souza Carvalho Melhem
- Department of Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute, German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - João Vicente Braga de Souza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, National Institute for Amazonian Research - INPA, André Araújo Avenue, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Abstract
Background and Purpose: Dermatophytes are a group of fungi specialized in invading humans and other vertebrate keratinized tissues. These fungi cause a variety of skin, nail, and hair disorders, called dermatophytosis (tinea). In some cases, drug resistance to antifungals necessitates special treatment. Among the antifungal agents, sertaconazole (i.e., a third-generation imidazole) has a broad-spectrum against dermatophyte species. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes obtained from patients with dermatophytosis in Mashhad located in northeastern Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 clinical dermatophyte isolates, including Trichophyton mentagrophytes (n=21), T. interdigital (n=18), T. tonsurans (n=16), Epidermophyton floccosum (n=11), Microsporum canis (n=5), Nannizzia fulvum (n=2), T. benhamiae (n=1), and T. verrucosum (n=1), were evaluated against five antifungal agents of sertaconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin based on the CLSI M38-A2 guideline. Results: According to the results, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges ofsertaconazole, terbinafine, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and clotrimazole were estimated at 0.125-16, 0.002-1, 0.5-4, 0.031-4, and 0.016-4 µg/ml, respectively, for dermatophyte species. In addition, the geometric mean (GM) values of the MIC of sertaconazole, terbinafine, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and clotrimazole were obtained as 3.39, 1, 1.44, 1.52, and 1.93, respectively. Conclusion: Among the tested antifungals, terbinafine and griseofulvin were the most effective agents against dermatophyte isolates. However, sertaconazole, a third-generation imidazole, did not show any significant effect. Furthermore, M. canis and E. floccosum showed the best response to the antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Behnam
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Naseri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monika Novak Babič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Ilić B, Unković N, Ćirić A, Glamočlija J, Ljaljević Grbić M, Raspotnig G, Bodner M, Vukojević J, Makarov S. Phenol-based millipede defence: antimicrobial activity of secretions from the Balkan endemic millipede Apfelbeckia insculpta (L. Koch, 1867) (Diplopoda: Callipodida). Naturwissenschaften 2019; 106:37. [PMID: 31209578 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-019-1631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Millipedes use an array of chemical compounds to defend themselves from predator attack. These chemical substances can have additional roles, i.e. defence against various pathogens. We evaluated the efficacy of the defensive secretion of Apfelbeckia insculpta (L. Koch, 1867) against bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. The tested secretion consisted of two compounds, p-cresol and phenol, and showed antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antifungal potential against all selected microorganisms. The most sensitive bacterium in our study was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the tested defensive secretion manifested the lowest activity against Escherichia coli. The defensive secretion of A. insculpta also showed an ability, albeit mild, to suppress biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Among the tested yeasts, Candida albicans and C. krusei were the most susceptible and most resistant species, respectively. Finally, the concentration of extracts obtained from the tested defensive secretion needed to achieve an antifungal effect was lowest in the case of Cladosporium cladosporioides. Fusarium verticillioides and Penicillium rubens were the micromycetes most resistant to the tested secretion. Our results indicate that antibacterial activity of the defensive secretion of A. insculpta is similar to or slightly weaker than that of streptomycin, while comparison with antimycotics showed that the tested millipede secretion has stronger activity than fluconazole, but weaker activity than nystatin and ketoconazole. The present study corroborates previous findings indicating that the defensive secretions of millipedes can have different roles apart from antipredator protection and are effective against pathogenic microorganisms.
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12
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Tratrat C, Haroun M, Xenikakis I, Liaras K, Tsolaki E, Eleftheriou P, Petrou A, Aldhubiab B, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Harsha S, Elsewedy HS, Geronikaki A, Soković M. Design, Synthesis, Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Docking Studies of New Thiazole-based Chalcones. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:356-375. [PMID: 30706816 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190129121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazole derivates as well as chalcones, are very important scaffold for medicinal chemistry. Literature survey revealed that they possess wide spectrum of biological activities among which are anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. OBJECTIVES The current studies describe the synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of twenty eight novel thiazole-based chalcones. METHODS The designed compounds were synthesized using classical methods of organic synthesis. The in vivo evaluation of antimicrobial activity was performed by microdilution method. RESULTS All compounds have shown antibacterial properties better than that of ampicillin and in many cases better than streptomycin. As far as the antifungal activity is concerned, all compounds possess much higher activity than reference drugs bifonazole and ketoconazole. The most sensitive bacterial species was B. cereus (MIC 6.5-28.4 µmol × 10-2/mL and MBC 14.2-105.0 µmol × 10-2/mL) while the most resistant ones were L. monocytogenes (MIC 21.4-113.6 µmol × 10-2/mL) and E. coli (MIC 10.7- 113.6 µmol × 10-2/mL) and MBC at 42.7-358.6 µmol × 10-2/mL and 21.4-247.2 µmol × 10-2/mL, respectively. All the compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against the three resistant strains, MRSA, P. aeruginosa and E.coli. with MIC and MBC in the range of 0.65-11.00 µmol/mL × 10-2 and 1.30-16.50 µmol/mL × 10-2. Docking studies were performed. CONCLUSION Twenty-eight novel thiazole-based chalcones were designed, synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The results showed that these derivatives could be lead compounds in search of new potent antimicrobial agents. Docking studies indicated that DNA gyrase, GyrB and MurA inhibition may explain the antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iakovos Xenikakis
- School of Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Liaras
- School of Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tsolaki
- School of Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Phaedra Eleftheriou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, School of Health and Medical Care, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 54700, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Sree Harsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S Elsewedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research "S. Stankovic", Mycological Laboratory, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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13
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Spósito L, Oda FB, Vieira JH, Carvalho FA, Dos Santos Ramos MA, de Castro RC, Crevelin EJ, Crotti AEM, Santos AG, da Silva PB, Chorilli M, Bauab TM. In vitro and in vivo anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Casearia sylvestris leaf derivatives. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 233:1-12. [PMID: 30594606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The number of bacterial strains that are resistant to multiple conventional antimicrobial agents is increasing. In this context, natural products have been widely used as a strategy to treat diseases caused by bacteria. Infections by Helicobacter pylori have attracted attention because they are directly related to severe gastric medical conditions. Casearia sylvestris Swartz, popularly known as guaçatonga, is largely employed to treat gastric disorders in Brazilian folk medicine. This plant species has aroused much interest mainly because it displays anti-inflammatory activity and can act as an antiulcer agent. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-H. pylori action of C. sylvestris leaf derivatives incorporated or not in a nanostructured drug delivery system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The essential oil (obtained by hydrodistillation) and ethanolic extract (obtained by maceration) were obtained from C. sylvestris leaves. The ethanolic extract was submitted to fractionation through solid phase extraction and column chromatography, to yield the ethanolic fractions. Hydrolyzed casearin J was achieved by submitting isolated casearin J to acid hydrolysis. The derivatives were chemically characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. A nanostructured lipid system was used as drug delivery system. To assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of C. sylvestris leaf essential oil, ethanolic extract, and derivatives, microdilution, biofilm, and time-kill assays were performed against H. pylori ATCC 43504. Finally, the in vivo action was investigated by employing male Wistar rats experimentally infected with H. pylori. RESULTS Many C. sylvestris leaf derivatives presented significant in vitro activity against H. pylori. Among the derivatives, fraction 2 (F2) was the most effective. In vivo tests showed that both the ethanolic extract and F2 decreased the ulcerative lesion size, but only the ethanolic extract eradicated H. pylori from the gastric lesions. Incorporation of plant derivatives in nanostructured lipid system blunted the in vitro action, as demonstrated by the microdilution assay. However, this incorporation improved the ethanolic extract activity against biofilms. CONCLUSION C. sylvestris leaf derivatives are effective against H. pylori both in vitro and in vivo. According to phytochemical analyses, these derivatives are rich in terpenoids, which could be related to the anti-H. pylori action. Synergism could also underlie C. sylvestris efficacy judging from the fact that the sub-fractions and isolated compounds had lower activity than the extract. Incorporation in a nanostructured lipid system did not improve the activity of the compounds in our in vivo protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Spósito
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bombarda Oda
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia Hunger Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Alexandre Carvalho
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Cardoso de Castro
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Crevelin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André Gonzaga Santos
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Haroun M, Tratrat C, Kositsi K, Tsolaki E, Petrou A, Aldhubiab B, Attimarad M, Harsha S, Geronikaki A, Venugopala KN, Elsewedy HS, Sokovic M, Glamoclija J, Ciric A. New Benzothiazole-based Thiazolidinones as Potent Antimicrobial Agents. Design, synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Curr Top Med Chem 2018; 18:75-87. [PMID: 29412109 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666180206101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives, as well as thiazolidinones are very important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Literature has revealed that they possess a wide spectrum of biological activities including antimicrobial activity. OBJECTIVE The goal of this paper is the designing of new benzothiazole based thiazolidinones and the evaluation of their biological activities. METHODS The designed compounds were synthesized using classical organic synthesis methods. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the method of microdilution. RESULTS The twelve newly synthesized compounds showed antimicrobial properties. All compounds appeared to be more active than ampicillin in most studied strains and in some cases, more active than streptomycin. Antifungal activity, in most cases was also better than the reference drugs ketoconazole and bifonazole. The prediction of cytotoxicity revealed that the synthesized compounds were not toxic (LD50 350-1000 mg/kg of body weight). Docking studies on the antibacterial activity confirmed the biological results. CONCLUSION The twelve new compounds were synthesized and studied for their antimicrobial activity. The compounds appeared to be promising antimicrobial agents and could be the lead compounds for new, more potent drugs. According to the docking prediction, the compounds could be MurB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katerina Kositsi
- Aristotle University, School of Pharmacy, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tsolaki
- Aristotle University, School of Pharmacy, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Aristotle University, School of Pharmacy, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sree Harsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Aristotle University, School of Pharmacy, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Heba S Elsewedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, Bulevar DespotaStefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Glamoclija
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, Bulevar DespotaStefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ciric
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, Bulevar DespotaStefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Nenadić M, Soković M, Glamočlija J, Ćirić A, Perić-Mataruga V, Ilijin L, Tešević V, Todosijević M, Vujisić L, Vesović N, Ćurčić S. The pygidial gland secretion of the forest caterpillar hunter, Calosoma (Calosoma) sycophanta: the antimicrobial properties against human pathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:977-985. [PMID: 28070663 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, various insect secretions have been tested as possible antimicrobial agents. In beetles, these secretions are essentially products of various exocrine glands, of which particular emphasis is on pygidial glands that are common for the suborder Adephaga. The antimicrobial potential of the pygidial gland secretion isolated from the adults of Calosoma sycophanta against human pathogens has been tested and compared with the potential of other carabid species, particularly within the tribe Carabini. The antimicrobial assay includes a microdilution method which was applied in order to determine the minimal inhibitory, minimal fungicidal and minimal bactericidal concentrations. It has been tested the effect of the secretion against eight strains of fungal and eight strains of bacterial species. The secretion sample of the tested carabid species has shown statistically significant antifungal effect against all strains of treated micromycetes, the highest in comparison with previously tested carabids (Carabus spp., Laemostenus punctatus and Abax parallelepipedus). Aspergillus versicolor proved to be the most sensitive micromycete, while the remaining seven fungal strains have shown the same level of sensibility. In comparison with commercial mycotics ketoconazole and bifonazole, applied as positive controls, the tested secretion showed much higher antifungal activity for all fungal strains. Antibacterial effect has been manifested only against one bacterial strain (Escherichia coli), contrary to other previously studied carabid species. These observations might have a significant impact on the ecological domain and possible purpose in biomedical studies and applications in the future. Additionally, morpho-histology of the pygidial glands of C. sycophanta is investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Nenadić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Glamočlija
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ćirić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vele Tešević
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Nikola Vesović
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srećko Ćurčić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Nguyen TNM, Hotzel H, Njeru J, Mwituria J, El-Adawy H, Tomaso H, Neubauer H, Hafez HM. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from small scale and backyard chicken in Kenya. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:39. [PMID: 27570543 PMCID: PMC5002103 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermophilic Campylobacter species are a major cause of bacterial foodborne diarrhoea in humans worldwide. Poultry and their products are the predominant source for human campylobacteriosis. Resistance of Campylobacter to antibiotics is increasing worldwide, but little is known about the antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter isolated from chicken in Kenya. In this study, 35 suspected Campylobacter strains isolated from faeces and cloacal swabs of chicken were tested for their susceptibility to seven antibiotics using a broth microdilution assay and molecular biological investigations. RESULTS Overall, DNA of thermophilic Campylobacter was identified in 53 samples by PCR (34 C. jejuni, 18 C. coli and one mix of both species) but only 35 Campylobacter isolates (31 C. jejuni and 4 C. coli) could be re-cultivated after transportation to Germany. Isolates were tested for their susceptibility to antibiotics using a broth microdilution assay. Additionally, molecular biological detection of antibiotic resistance genes was carried out. C. jejuni isolates showed a high rate of resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin of 77.4, 71.0 and 71.0 %, respectively. Low resistance (25.8 %) was detected for gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistance in C. jejuni could be detected in 19 (61.3 %) isolates. Resistance pattern of C. coli isolates was comparable. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was confirmed by MAMA-PCR and PCR-RFLP in all phenotypically resistant isolates. The tet(O) gene was detected only in 54.5 % of tetracycline resistant C. jejuni isolates. The tet(A) gene, which is also responsible for tetracycline resistance, was found in 90.3 % of C. jejuni and in all C. coli isolates. Thirteen phenotypically erythromycin-resistant isolates could not be characterised by using PCR-RFLP and MAMA-PCR. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report about resistance to antibiotics in thermophilic Campylobacter originating from chicken in Kenya. Campylobacter spp. show a high level of resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline but also a remarkable one to chloramphenicol and gentamicin and they are multidrug resistant. Resistance to antibiotics is a global public health concern. In Kenya, resistance surveillance needs further attention in the future. Efforts to establish at least a National Laboratory with facilities for performing phenotypic and genotypic characterization of thermophilic Campylobacter is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Ngoc Minh Nguyen
- Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho, Vietnam
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - John Njeru
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joyce Mwituria
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Hafez M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Nenadić M, Soković M, Glamočlija J, Ćirić A, Perić-Mataruga V, Ilijin L, Tešević V, Vujisić L, Todosijević M, Vesović N, Ćurčić S. Antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion of three ground beetle species (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae). Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:34. [PMID: 27000261 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of the pygidial gland secretions released by the adults of the three ground beetle species, Carabus ullrichii, C. coriaceus, and Abax parallelepipedus, have been tested. Microdilution method was applied for detection of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs). Additionally, morpho-histology of the pygidial glands is investigated. We have tested 16 laboratory and clinical strains of human pathogens--eight bacterial both gram-positive and gram-negative species and eight fungal species. The pygidial secretion samples of C. ullrichii have showed the strongest antimicrobial effect against all strains of treated bacteria and fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Lysteria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium proved to be the most sensitive bacterial strains. Penicillium funiculosum proved to be the most sensitive micromycete, while P. ochrochloron and P. verrucosum var. cyclopium the most resistant micromycetes. The pygidial secretion of C. coriaceus has showed antibacterial potential solely against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. ochraceus, and P. ochrochloron. Antibacterial properties of pygidial gland secretion of A. parallelepipedus were achieved against P. aeruginosa, while antifungal activity was detected against five of the eight tested micromycetes (A. fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. ochraceus, Trichoderma viride, and P. verrucosum var. cyclopium). Commercial antibiotics Streptomycin and Ampicillin and mycotics Ketoconazole and Bifonazole, applied as the positive controls, showed higher antibacterial/antifungal properties for all bacterial and fungal strains. The results of this observation might have a significant impact on the environmental aspects and possible medical purpose in the future.
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18
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Andrade JC, Morais Braga MFB, Guedes GMM, Tintino SR, Freitas MA, Quintans LJ, Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM. Menadione (vitamin K) enhances the antibiotic activity of drugs by cell membrane permeabilization mechanism. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 24:59-64. [PMID: 28053572 PMCID: PMC5198922 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Menadione, vitamin K3, belongs to the class of lipid-soluble vitamins and lipophilic substances as menadione cause disturbances in the bacterial membrane, resulting in damage to the fundamental elements for the integrity of the membrane, thus allowing increased permeability. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antibiotic-modifying activity of menadione in multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, with a gradual increase in its subinhibitory concentration. In addition, menadione was compared with cholesterol and ergosterol for similarity in mechanism of drug modulatory action. Antibiotic-modifying activity and antibacterial effect were determined by the broth microdilution assay. Menadione, cholesterol and ergosterol showed modulatory activity at clinically relevant concentrations, characterizing them as modifiers of bacterial drug resistance, since they lowered the MIC of the antibiotics tested. This is the first report of the antibacterial activity of menadione and its potentiation of aminoglycosides against multiresistant bacteria.
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Choukri F, Benderdouche M, Sednaoui P. In vitro susceptibility profile of 200 recent clinical isolates of Candida spp. to topical antifungal treatments of vulvovaginal candidiasis, the imidazoles and nystatin agents. J Mycol Med 2014; 24:303-7. [PMID: 25442913 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Topical antifungal treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis is widely recommended. The most commonly recommended topical antifungals (the imidazoles clotrimazole, miconazole and econazole and the polyene nystatin) have been on the market for more than 30 years. There are only a few recent data available on the susceptibility of different Candida species to these antifungals, especially of non-albicans Candida species which appear to be less responsive to treatment with imidazoles. The study aimed to determine the in vitro susceptibility profile of a large number of recent clinical isolates of Candida spp. to the most commonly recommended topical antifungals. MATERIALS AND METHODS An antifungal susceptibility test was performed according to the CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method, and minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for econazole, miconazole, clotrimazole and nystatin. RESULTS The clinical isolates comprised of: 113 Candida albicans, 54 Candida glabrata, 11 Candida krusei, 11 Candida tropicalis and 11 Candida parapsilosis. The three azoles agents exhibited MIC90 values of 0.06 mg/L against C. albicans isolates, while nystatin exhibited a MIC90 of 4 mg/L. For non-albicans Candida isolates, MIC90 values ranged from 0.5 to 8 mg/L, from 1 to 4 mg/L and from 0.12 to 4 mg/L, for econazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, respectively. Nystatin MIC90 remained at 4 mg/L for all non-albicans Candida species tested. CONCLUSION These results confirmed the susceptibility of C. albicans to the most frequently used topical agents and may support the use of alternative agents to imidazoles, such as nystatin, to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by non-albicans Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Choukri
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, institut Alfred-Fournier, 25, boulevard Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - M Benderdouche
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, institut Alfred-Fournier, 25, boulevard Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - P Sednaoui
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, institut Alfred-Fournier, 25, boulevard Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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