Appendix A. dithioloquinolinethiones as new potential multitargeted antibacterial and antifungal agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies

Herein we report the design, synthesis, molecular docking study and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of ten new dithioloquinolinethiones. The structures of compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and HPLC-HRMS. Before evaluation of their possible antimicrobial activity prediction of toxicity was performed. All compounds showed antibacterial activity against eight Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial species. All compounds appeared to be more active than ampicillin and almost all than streptomycin. The best antibacterial activity was observed for compound 8c 4,4,8-trimethyl-5-{[(4-phenyl-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetyl}-4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2]dithiolo[3,4c]quino lone-1-thione). The most sensitive bacterium En.cloacae followed by S. aureus, while L.monocytogenes was the most resistant. All compounds were tested for antifungal activity also against eight fungal species. The best activity was expressed by compound 8d (5-[(4,5-Dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-ylthio)acetyl]-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2]dithiolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1-thione). The most sensitive fungal was T. viride, while P. verrucosum var. cyclopium was the most resistant one. All compounds were more potent as antifungal agent than reference compound bifonazole and ketoconazole. The docking studies indicated a probable involvement of E. coli DNA GyrB inhibition in the anti-bacterial mechanism, while CYP51ca inhibition is probably responsible for antifungal activity of tested compounds. It is interesting to mention that docking results coincides with experimental.

New Benzothiazole-based Thiazolidinones as Potent Antimicrobial Agents. Design, synthesis and Biological Evaluation

BACKGROUND

Thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives, as well as thiazolidinones are very important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Literature has revealed that they possess a wide spectrum of biological activities including antimicrobial activity.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this paper is the designing of new benzothiazole based thiazolidinones and the evaluation of their biological activities.

METHODS

The designed compounds were synthesized using classical organic synthesis methods. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the method of microdilution.

RESULTS

The twelve newly synthesized compounds showed antimicrobial properties. All compounds appeared to be more active than ampicillin in most studied strains and in some cases, more active than streptomycin. Antifungal activity, in most cases was also better than the reference drugs ketoconazole and bifonazole. The prediction of cytotoxicity revealed that the synthesized compounds were not toxic (LD50 350-1000 mg/kg of body weight). Docking studies on the antibacterial activity confirmed the biological results.

CONCLUSION

The twelve new compounds were synthesized and studied for their antimicrobial activity. The compounds appeared to be promising antimicrobial agents and could be the lead compounds for new, more potent drugs. According to the docking prediction, the compounds could be MurB inhibitors.

Morphological characteristics and mycelial compatibility of different Mycogone perniciosa isolates

The major disease of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus Lange (Imb) in Serbian mushroom farms is wet bubble caused by the fungus Mycogone perniciosa (Magnus) Delacr. In this study we report the morpho-physiological characteristics and inter-relationships between colonies of five isolates of M. perniciosa. The results suggest that mycelial compatibility could serve as an additional parameter for a more reliable determination of different pathotypes of M. perniciosa.