Padrão de consumo de álcool e fatores associados entre adolescentes estudantes de escolas públicas em município do interior brasileiro

Health inequalities in Brazilian adolescents: Measuring and mapping gaps in a cross-sectional school-based survey

Background and Aims

This study aims to describe inequalities in health indicators according to gender, area of residence, and socioeconomic position among Brazilian adolescents.

Methods

Cross-sectional study using data from a school-based survey carried out in Brazil in 2019. Twelve health outcomes were evaluated. Dimensions of inequality assessed were gender, area of residence, wealth and subnational region.

Results

This study comprises a sample of 124,898 adolescents. The most prevalent outcome was physical inactivity (71.9%) followed by thinking life is worthless (52.6%) and bullying (51.8%). Gender inequalities were more marked for physical inactivity and thinking life is worthless with girls presenting a prevalence more than 20 p.p. higher than boys. In zero-dose HPV, however, the prevalence in girls was 17.7 p.p. lower than in boys. Area of residence and wealth inequalities were smaller than gender disparities. Context presented a relevant role in inequality with analysis stratified by states of the country, revealing high variability in estimates.

Conclusions

We highlight the need for attention to disparities between subgroups of the adolescent population, especially for gender inequalities that were the most marked for this age group.

Factors associated with attending "open bar" parties amongst early adolescents

BACKGROUND

"Open bar" parties are events where a flat fee is paid for unlimited alcohol consumption. At these events, alcohol intoxication is frequent amongst attendees. This study explored the prevalence of "open bar" attendance amongst Brazilian youth and the factors associated with this practice.

METHODS

Data was collected at the baseline of randomized controlled trial amongst 5,213 8th grade students in three Brazilian cities. Weighted logistic regression was performed.

RESULTS

Mean age was of 13.23 years (SE 0.01) and 17.1% of the students have reported attending "open bar" events in the past year. Attendees were wealthier, had higher odds to engage in binge drinking, to use marijuana, to be exposed to alcohol advertising, and to report more alcohol problems and clinical psychiatric symptoms when compared with non-attendees.

CONCLUSIONS

The ban on selling alcohol to minors has not been properly enforced. Legislation to restrict alcohol promotions and advertising in Brazil needs to be implemented and effectively monitored.

[Excessive alcohol intake and dissatisfaction with body image among adolescents and young adults in a municipality in Bahia State, Brazil]

The study aimed to analyze the association between excessive alcohol intake and dissatisfaction with one's body image in a population of adolescents and young adults. This was a cross-sectional study with a household survey design in a sample of 1,582 individuals 15 to 24 years of age living in Camaçari, Bahia State, Brazil. Excessive alcohol intake was identified by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), and dissatisfaction with body image was measure with the Silhouette Figure Scale. Confounding variables were: sex, age, race, schooling, work, religion, family composition, number of close friends, marital status, and children. The association between excessive alcohol intake and body dissatisfaction was estimated by logistic regression. Prevalence of excessive alcohol intake was 21.9% (higher in males), and prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was 79.5% (higher in females). No statistically significant association was found between excessive alcohol intake and dissatisfaction with body image. After adjustment of the final model, the variables that remained associated with excessive alcohol intake were religion (OR = 2.02), schooling (OR = 1.63), family composition (OR = 1.61), age (OR = 0.55), and work (OR = 0.61). Although the analyses did not show an association between excessive alcohol intake and dissatisfaction with body image, the study's results call attention to the high prevalence rates for the two phenomena. This shows the need to develop interventions focused on practices of care for this specific population.

Simultaneity and aggregation of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among brazilian adolescents

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of concurrency of risk factors for Noncommunicable Diseases and non-random aggregation of these in Brazilian school adolescents. Method: Descriptive study, with data from the National School Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar), 2015. The prevalence of concurrent risk factors was estimated: smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Aggregation was verified when the observed-expected prevalence ratio was greater than 1. The analyses were performed in Stata 15.0 software. Results: The proportion of concurrent risk factors was higher for those who had two risk factors (56.1%; 95%CI: 55.5-56.6). The most prevalent risk factors combination was “Low consumption of fruits and vegetables + Physical inactivity” (66%; 95% CI: 65.8-66.9). There was an aggregation of risk factors, and the highest ratio between observed and expected prevalence was: “Smoking + Alcohol” (79.0%; 95%CI: 73.8-84.2). Conclusion and implications for practice: The findings show a high prevalence of concurrent risk factors, with aggregation of these in adolescents. Identifying these risk groups may favor early interventions by minimizing exposure and targeting primary prevention strategies in early exposure to risk factors.

Etapas de cambio comportamental frente al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en escolares de 9 a 17 años de Bogotá D.C., Colombia

Introducción. El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) es una problemática que afecta a estudiantes desde edades tempranas.Objetivo. Describir las etapas de cambio de comportamiento frente al consumo de SPA en escolares de Bogotá D.C., Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal en 6 965 escolares de Bogotá D.C. El cambio de comportamiento se evaluó por autoreporte a través de un cuestionario estructurado a partir del Modelo Transteórico en las etapas de precontemplación, contemplación, preparación y acción/mantenimiento.Resultados. 58.4% fueron mujeres con edad promedio de 12.7±2.3 años. Frente al consumo de drogas alucinógenas, 6% de los escolares se ubicaron en la categoría de precontemplación, 44% en contemplación, 30% en preparación y 20% en acción/mantenimiento. Respecto al consumo de alcohol, 5% se encontraban en precontemplación, 36% en contemplación, 12% en preparación y 46% en acción/mantenimiento. El tabaquismo mostró prevalencias de 4% para precontemplación, 33% para contemplación, 12% para preparación y 51% para acción/mantenimiento.Conclusiones. El consumo de SPA es una problemática que se presenta cada vez con mayor frecuencia en población escolar. La mayoría de entrevistados se ubican en etapa de mantenimiento en el consumo de tabaco y alcohol y en la etapa de contemplación de consumo de drogas alucinógenas. Se requieren esfuerzos gubernamentales que fomenten programas preventivos de consumo de SPA en el ámbito escolar.

Religiosity as a possible protective factor against "binge drinking" among 12-year-old students: a population-based study

Associated with positive impacts on health, religiosity has presented itself as a possible protection factor against alcohol consumption by teenagers. This study evaluated the prevalence of binge drinking and its association with religiosity among 12-year-old students, from Diamantina, State of Minas Gerais. Statistical analyses involved chi-square Pearson (p < 0,05) and Poisson regression with robust variance. The sample included a census of 588 students. Participation in religious activities was associated with no binge drinking (PR = 0,823; 95% CI: 0,717 - 0,945); and consumption of alcoholic beverages by the best friend was associated with binge drinking (PR = 1.554; 95% CI: 1,411-1,711). It was concluded that religiosity was associated with no consumption of alcoholic beverages in binge drinking sessions.

Alcohol consumption and factors associated with binge drinking among female university students of health area

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the pattern of alcohol consumption and the prevalence and factors associated with binge drinking among university students of health-related courses in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed of 865 female students from two universities in the Brazilian Northeast. The instruments used were the AUDIT and a questionnaire used to collect sociodemographic data. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used, with statistical significance set at p-value < 0.05. Results: Risky alcohol consumption was evidenced in 16.4%, while the prevalence of binge drinking was 48.0%. Binge drinking was strongly associated with drunk driving (OR = 12.24) and living in a conflicting family environment (OR = 6.33). Binge drinking was a constant in students who engaged in fights, those who had problems with the law and among smokers. Conclusion: The high prevalence of risky alcohol consumption, binge drinking and the association of these with risky behaviors in students serve to guide future public policies on prevention.

Prevalence and Extrinsic Risk Factors for Dental Erosion in Adolescents

OBJECTIVE

This manuscript examined the prevalence and extrinsic risk factors for dental erosion (DE) in early and middle adolescents in Pasto, Colombia.

STUDY DESIGN

Dental erosion was evaluated in a random sample of 384 individuals aged 10-15 years attending three primary and high schools in this cross-sectional study. Clinical dental assessment for DE was done using O'Sullivan index. Data on general sociodemographic variables and extrinsic risks factors were obtained. Descriptive and univariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS

Dental erosion was observed in 57.3% of individuals. The univariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that frequency of drinking natural fruit juices (OR 2.670, 95% CI 1.346 - 5.295, P=0.004) and their pH (OR 2.303, 95% CI 1.292 - 4.107, P=0.004) were more associated with the odd of DE in early adolescence. However, a high SES (OR 10.360, 95% CI 3.700 - 29.010, P<0.001) and frequency of snacks with artificial lemon taste (OR 3.659, 95% CI 1.506 - 8.891, P=0.003) were highly associated with the risk of DE in middle adolescence.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that DE is a prevalent condition in adolescents living in a city in southern Colombia. The transition from early to middle adolescence implies new bio-psychosocial changes, which increase the risk for DE.

Association between the number of sexual partners and alcohol consumption among schoolchildren

OBJECTIVE

To determine the association between the number of sexual partners and alcohol consumption in adolescents and young schoolchildren.

METHODS

The sample consisted of students from public schools aged 12-24 years who answered the Brazilian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. The analysis was performed by multinomial logistic regression model.

RESULTS

1275 students were analyzed. For females, having two to five partners was associated with age ≥15 years (OR 14.58) and maternal education up to incomplete high school or lower educational level (OR 3.37). No consumption of alcohol decreased the chances of having more partners by 96%. For males, the associated variables were: age ≥15 years (OR 18.15); having no religion (OR 3.55); age at first dose ≤14 years (OR 3.48). Binge drinking increases the chances of having a higher number of sexual partners.

CONCLUSION

Regardless of the number of partners, binge drinking and age of alcohol consumption onset are risk factors for vulnerable sexual behavior.