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Reyes-Martínez J, Santoyo IA, Solís P. Ethnoracial Disparities in Self-Rated Health: Exploring the Impact of Skin Color and Other Ethnoracial Characteristics in Mexico. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02002-3. [PMID: 38639866 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This manuscript aims to understand the association between self-rated health and ethnic-racial characteristics (i.e., skin color, self-ascription, and Indigenous language) in the context of the Mexican population. DESIGN Logistic regression analyses, using the 2019 PRODER (N = 7187)-a representative survey at the national level. We centered the analysis on two measures of skin color: the interviewer assessment of color skin (that has been used in previous studies), and the ITA scale, a measure constructed from optical digital colorimeter readings (a novel method in ethnoraciality studies in Mexico, included in the PRODER survey). RESULTS In comparison to the interviewer's assessment of skin color, the ITA score shows a significant association with self-rated health, even in the presence of individual conditions, sociodemographic traits, and life-course events. In contrast, ethnic-racial self-ascriptions and speaking of an Indigenous language do not show any statistical associations. CONCLUSION Contrary to previous research, our results suggest a positive association between skin color and self-rated health, when the former is assessed with the colorimeter readings; it means that those with lighter color skin are more prone to report a better health perception. It has methodological implications in the way skin color is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Reyes-Martínez
- División de Administración Pública, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Iván Alcántara Santoyo
- El Colegio de México y Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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da Silva AG, Souza JB, Gomes CS, da Silva TPR, Gomide Nogueira de Sá ACM, Malta DC. Multiple behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases among the adolescent population in Brazil: the analysis derived from the Brazilian national survey of school health 2019. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:122. [PMID: 38360574 PMCID: PMC10868108 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health risk behaviors often emerge or intensify during adolescence and tend to co-occur, exposing individuals to an even greater risk for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The likelihood of exhibiting multiple health risk factors also increases throughout life and is associated with sociodemographic characteristics contributing to their escalation and severity. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics and multiple behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases among the adolescent population in Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Brazilian National Survey of School Health 2019. The sample comprised 121,580 adolescents aged 13 to 17. The analyzed variables included irregular intake of fruits and vegetables, regular consumption of soft drinks and treats, insufficient physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. To analyze MBRFs, a classification ranging from zero to five was created, and associations were estimated using Odds Ratio (OR) with the respective 95% confidence interval (CI). The Backward method was employed for the multivariate regression model, utilizing ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS Adolescents without behavioral risk factors for NCDs constituted only 3.9% (95% CI 3.7-4.1). The most prevalent categories were two and three MBRFs, accounting for 28.3% (95% CI: 27.7-28.8) and 27.0% (95% CI: 26.5-27.5), respectively. Adolescents aged 16 and 17 (ORadj: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.32-1.48), residing in the Brazilian Southeast (ORadj: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.52-1.81), and those reporting poor or very poor self-rated health (ORadj: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.87-2.25) were more likely to exhibit multiple behavioral risk factors. Conversely, male adolescents (adjusted OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.62-0.69), those of mixed race (adjusted OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87-0.97), and residents of rural areas (adjusted OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.70-0.84) were less likely to manifest MBRFs for NCDs. CONCLUSION The majority of adolescents displayed MBRFs for NCDs, positively associated with age, region, and perceived health status. This underscores the necessity for healthcare promotional interventions throughout the life cycle, as these behaviors may persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Gomes da Silva
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Bairro Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Bottoni Souza
- Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Crizian Saar Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva
- Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista School of Nursing, Rua Napoleão de Barros,754, Bairro Vila Clementino, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- School of Nursing, Graduate Program of the School of Nursing, Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.
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Santos LO, de Paula TF, Souza MJS, dos Santos BNS, Pena ED, Felisbino-Mendes MS. Self-rated health of Brazilian women of childbearing age: a cross-sectional study. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2023; 57:e20230127. [PMID: 37930235 PMCID: PMC10631743 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0127en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate sociodemographic factors, non-communicable diseases and conditions, and behavioral risk factors associated with negative self-rated health among Brazilian women of childbearing age. METHOD Cross-sectional study with 26,071 Brazilian women of reproductive age. Estimated prevalence of self-rated health according to sociodemographic characteristics, non-communicable diseases and conditions, and behavioral risk factors. Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted and unadjusted prevalence ratios. RESULTS Occurrence of two or more of the diseases and conditions presented a prevalence of negative self-rated health almost three times higher than none. There was a positive association between negative self-rated health and older age groups, lower education, black or brown skin color/race, living in the north and northeast regions, physical inactivity, being a smoker, and presence of one or more of the diseases and conditions. CONCLUSION There are differences in self-rated health, reflecting social inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Oliveira Santos
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Thayane Fraga de Paula
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria José Silva Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Nicole Soares dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erica Dumont Pena
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Dionato FAV, Nucci LB, Enes CC. Factors associated with non-adoption of healthy behavior among individuals with diabetes: a population-based study in Brazil. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:e114-e120. [PMID: 34498089 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-adoption of behavioral changes to control diabetes mellitus contributes to a low adherence to self-care. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with non-adoption of healthy behaviors among diabetic individuals. METHODS Cross-sectional study using data from the National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde) carried out in 2013 in Brazil, with adults (≥18 years) (n = 3098). The outcome variable was the non-adoption-two or fewer-of healthy behaviors. Logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with non-adoption of healthy behaviors. RESULTS Approximately, 50% of the participants adopted two or fewer healthy habits and the most frequently mentioned were not drinking excessively (94.1%) and not smoking (89.1%). Not using diabetic medication (odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.85), not making regular doctor visits (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.08-1.87), no limitation of usual activities (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.01-1.94) and good self-rated health (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.09-1.98) increased the chance of individuals non-adoption of healthy behaviors independently of gender, age, schooling and economic status. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals need to be aware of issues, such as diabetic medication use, frequency of doctor visits, limitation of usual activities and good self-rated health, which are factors that can interfere with the adoption of healthy behaviors of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A V Dionato
- Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas 13060-904, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L B Nucci
- Center for Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Campinas 13060-904, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C Enes
- Center for Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Campinas 13060-904, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Silveira VNDC, do Nascimento JBM, Cantanhede NAC, Frota MTBA, Chagas DCD, de Carvalho CA, Viola PCDAF. Racial and regional inequality in the temporal trend of stunting and excess weight in Brazilian children under five years of age. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 26:e230004. [PMID: 36629616 PMCID: PMC9838232 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the occurrence of racial and regional inequality in the temporal trend of the prevalence of stunting and overweight in Brazilian children under five years of age over the years 2008-2018. METHODS An ecological time-series study with data from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System on the prevalence of stunting and overweight in children under five years old according to race/skin color, region, and year. To assess differences between median prevalence per year of outcomes, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Linear regression analyses were proposed to assess trends in the prevalence of outcomes over the years. RESULTS In Brazil, black children tended to be overweight (β=4.611; p=0.042). Among black children, there was an increase over the years in stunting in the Southeast (β=3.960; p=0.014) and a decrease in the South (β=-4.654; p=0.022). In Brazil and in most regions, the median prevalence of stunting was higher in black children than in white ones (12.86 vs. 11.54%, p<0.001). In the Southeast and South, black children also had the highest prevalence of overweight (15.48 and 15.99%, respectively). CONCLUSION Children from less developed regions of Brazil and of black skin color/race were more vulnerable to a double burden of malnutrition.
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Morais ÉAHD, Abreu MNS, Assunção AÁ. [Self-rated health and factors related to the work of basic education's teachers in Brazil]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:209-222. [PMID: 36629565 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023281.07022022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to analyze the association between teachers' self-rated health and the conditions in which they work in Basic Education schools in Brazil. It involved a cross-sectional study, carried out between 2015 and 2016, representative of Basic Education teachers in the country, the outcome variable of which was self-rated health (SRH). The explanatory variables were the work-related characteristics. To assess the factors associated with SRH, the Proportional Odds Logistic Regression Model was used. The prevalence of poor SRH was 27%. The probability of poor SRH was significantly higher for the group that reported episodes of verbal violence (OR=1.26; 95%CI 1.09-1.44), work pressure (OR=1.18; 95%CI 1, 04-1.33), and a commute to school of more than 50 minutes (OR=1.19; 95%CI 1.03-1.38). The probability of poor SRH was significantly better for those who reported having enough time to complete their tasks (OR=0.77; 95%CI 0.64-0.92), social support (OR=0.79; 95%CI 0.69-0.89) and satisfaction with their workload (OR=0.79; 95%CI 0.69-0.91). Actions on the school environment and organization and improvements in the transport of teachers to work are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Évelin Angélica Herculano de Morais
- Departamento de Enfermagem Aplicada, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). R. Alfredo Balena 190, sala 510, Bairro Santa Efigênia. 30150-331 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | | | - Ada Ávila Assunção
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
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Silveira VNDC, Nascimento JBMD, Cantanhede NAC, Frota MTBA, Chagas DCD, Carvalho CAD, Viola PCDAF. Racial and regional inequality in the temporal trend of stunting and excess weight in Brazilian children under five years of age. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230004.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the occurrence of racial and regional inequality in the temporal trend of the prevalence of stunting and overweight in Brazilian children under five years of age over the years 2008–2018. Methods: An ecological time-series study with data from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System on the prevalence of stunting and overweight in children under five years old according to race/skin color, region, and year. To assess differences between median prevalence per year of outcomes, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Linear regression analyses were proposed to assess trends in the prevalence of outcomes over the years. Results: In Brazil, black children tended to be overweight (β=4.611; p=0.042). Among black children, there was an increase over the years in stunting in the Southeast (β=3.960; p=0.014) and a decrease in the South (β=-4.654; p=0.022). In Brazil and in most regions, the median prevalence of stunting was higher in black children than in white ones (12.86 vs. 11.54%, p<0.001). In the Southeast and South, black children also had the highest prevalence of overweight (15.48 and 15.99%, respectively). Conclusion: Children from less developed regions of Brazil and of black skin color/race were more vulnerable to a double burden of malnutrition.
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Braga LP, Szwarcwald CL, Damacena GN, de Souza-Júnior PRB, Dourado I, de Brito AM, Grangeiro A, Crosland Guimarães MD. Health vulnerabilities in female sex workers in Brazil, 2016. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30185. [PMID: 36107499 PMCID: PMC9439778 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Female sex workers (FSW) suffer stigma and discrimination that negatively impact their physical and mental health and affect access to health care services. This paper aims to describe selected health indicators among FSW in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016. Brazilian cross-sectional Biological Behavioral Surveillance Survey was conducted in 2016 among 4328 FSW recruited by respondent-driven sampling. The sample weighing was inversely proportional to participant's network sizes and the seeds were excluded from the analysis. Health indicators were estimated with 95% confidence interval and included indicators of health status, symptoms of depression, antenatal care, pap smear coverage, signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted infection, contraception and regular condom use, number of births and children alive per women, human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis testing, usual source of care, and perception of discrimination. Most participants self-rated their health as very good/good (65.8%) and 27.7% were positively screened for major depressive disorder episode on Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Antenatal coverage was 85.8% and 62.3% of FSW had access to pap smear exam in the past 3 years. A total of 67.0% of FSW were using some contraceptive method at the time of the study. Male condom was the most common method (37.1%), followed by oral pill (28.9%). A total of 22.5% FSW had never been tested for HIV and the main reasons were "not feeling at risk" (40.4%) and "being afraid or ashamed" (34.0%). The vast majority of FSW used Brazilian National Health System as their usual source of health care (90.2%). Approximately one-fifth of the participants felt discriminated against or were treated worse for being FSW (21.4%) and only 24.3% disclose their sex work status in health services. The vulnerability of FSW is expressed in all health indicators. Indicators of health status, antenatal care, pap smear coverage, and contraception were worse than in the Brazilian population, and point out to the importance of increase FSW's access to health care services. Also, stigma and discrimination emerged as an important barrier to FSW's health care in all dimensions and need to be struggled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Penna Braga
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology in Public Health, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Letícia Penna Braga, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology in Public Health, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (e-mail: )
| | - Célia Landmann Szwarcwald
- Health Information Laboratory, Institute of Communication and Scientific and Technological Information in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giseli Nogueira Damacena
- Health Information Laboratory, Institute of Communication and Scientific and Technological Information in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza-Júnior
- Health Information Laboratory, Institute of Communication and Scientific and Technological Information in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Inês Dourado
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Brito
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation IAM/Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Guimarães JMN, Yamada G, Barber S, Caiaffa WT, Friche AADL, de Menezes MC, Santos G, Santos I, Cardoso LDO, Diez Roux AV. Racial Inequities in Self-Rated Health Across Brazilian Cities: Does Residential Segregation Play a Role? Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1071-1080. [PMID: 35244147 PMCID: PMC9169054 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Racial health inequities may be partially explained by area-level factors such as residential segregation. In this cross-sectional study, using a large, multiracial, representative sample of Brazilian adults (n = 37,009 individuals in the 27 state capitals; National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde), 2013), we investigated 1) whether individual-level self-rated health (SRH) (fair or poor vs. good or better) varies by race (self-declared White, Brown, or Black) and 2) whether city-level economic or racial residential segregation (using dissimilarity index values in tertiles: low, medium, and high) interacts with race, increasing racial inequities in SRH. Prevalence of fair or poor SRH was 31.5% (Black, Brown, and White people: 36.4%, 34.0%, and 27.3%, respectively). Marginal standardization based on multilevel logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, and education, showed that Black and Brown people had, respectively, 20% and 10% higher prevalence of fair or poor SRH than did White people. Furthermore, residential segregation interacted with race such that the more segregated a city, the greater the racial gap among Black, Brown, and White people in fair or poor SRH for both income and race segregation. Policies to reduce racial inequities may need to address residential segregation and its consequences for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M N Guimarães
- Correspondence to Dr. Joanna M.N. Guimarães, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Cep 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (e-mail: )
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Negative Self-Assessment of Health in Women: Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics, Physical Inactivity and Multimorbidity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052666. [PMID: 35270359 PMCID: PMC8910361 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Women present a higher prevalence of negative self-assessment of health (NSAH) when compared to men. However, there is a gap in the literature of factors associated with NSAH in women from developing countries such as Brazil. In addition, few studies have assessed the magnitude of the association between multimorbidity and NSAH in this population. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between NSAH and sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and multimorbidity in women from the Midwest region of Brazil. Methods: A study based on data from the National Health Survey, a household survey that investigated health situation, lifestyle and risk factors for chronic diseases in the adult population of Brazil, was held. Sampling was performed in multiple stages. The selected women answered a standardized questionnaire on sociodemographic data, self-assessment of health and potential determinants. Poisson regression was used to analyze the association between NSAH and sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and multimorbidity. A significance level of 0.05% was established. Results: The study included 4233 women. The prevalence of NSAH found was 6.0% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 5.1–7.0%). There was an association between NSAH and advancing age, low schooling, physical inactivity and multimorbidity. Furthermore, there was an association between NSAH and diseases/disorders such as chronic back pain, systemic arterial hypertension, mental disorders, depression, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, cancer, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The prevalence of NSAH was low. A strong association was found between this variable and multimorbidity. In addition, increased age, low schooling and physical inactivity were predictors of NSAH in women.
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Aquino LCDD, Souza BGD, Laurindo CR, Leite ICG, Cruz DTD. Autoavaliação ruim do estado de saúde: prevalência e fatores associados em mulheres privadas de liberdade. ESCOLA ANNA NERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2021-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Verificar a prevalência da autoavaliação ruim do estado de saúde em mulheres encarceradas e analisar os fatores associados. Método Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado entre os anos de 2019 e 2020, por meio de censo, com participação de 99 mulheres. A análise dos fatores associados ao desfecho foi conduzida a partir de um modelo teórico de determinação com três blocos hierarquizados de variáveis. As variáveis foram ajustadas entre si dentro de cada bloco. Aquelas com nível de significância ≤ 0,20 foram incluídas no modelo de regressão de Poisson e ajustadas ao nível superior ao seu, considerando o nível de 5% de significância. Resultados A prevalência da autoavaliação ruim da saúde foi de 31,3% (IC95% = 22,8%–40,9%). Morbidade referida, presença de sintomas de ansiedade e a pior perspectiva em relação às condições de saúde pós-encarceramento foram as variáveis associadas com o desfecho. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática Os fatores associados à ocorrência do evento investigado poderão direcionar medidas que visem à redução dos impactos à saúde durante o período de encarceramento.
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Camelo LV, Coelho CG, Chor D, Griep RH, Almeida MDCCD, Giatti L, Barreto SM. Racismo e iniquidade racial na autoavaliação de saúde ruim: o papel da mobilidade social intergeracional no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 38:e00341920. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x000341920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: Pretos e pardos apresentam grandes desvantagens de saúde, possuem menores chances de ascensão na hierarquia social no curso de vida e menores níveis socioeconômicos do que brancos como resultado do racismo estrutural. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre o papel mediador da mobilidade intergeracional na associação entre racismo e saúde. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação entre racismo e a autoavaliação de saúde, e verificar em que medida a mobilidade social intergeracional media essa associação. Estudo transversal realizado com dados de 14.386 participantes da linha de base (2008-2010) do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Escolaridade materna, escolaridade do participante, classe sócio-ocupacional do chefe de família e classe sócio-ocupacional do participante compuseram os indicadores de mobilidade social intergeracional (educacional e sócio-ocupacional). Modelos de regressão logística foram utilizados. A prevalência de autoavaliação de saúde ruim foi de 15%, 24% e 28% entre brancos, pardos e pretos, respectivamente. Após ajustes por idade, sexo e centro de investigação foram encontradas maiores chances de autoavaliação de saúde ruim entre pretos (OR = 2,15; IC95%: 1,92-2,41) e pardos (OR = 1,82; IC95%: 1,64-2,01) quando comparados aos brancos. A mobilidade educacional e sócio-ocupacional intergeracional mediaram, respectivamente, 66% e 53% da associação entre a raça/cor e autoavaliação de saúde ruim em pretos, e 61% e 51% em pardos, respectivamente. Resultados confirmam a iniquidade racial na autoavaliação de saúde e apontam que a mobilidade social intergeracional desfavorável é um importante mecanismo para explicar essa iniquidade.
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Mediterranean Diet, Psychological Adjustment and Health Perception in University Students: The Mediating Effect of Healthy and Unhealthy Food Groups. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113769. [PMID: 34836022 PMCID: PMC8621952 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify the relationships between eating habits and psychological adjustment and health perception, and to analyze potential mediating role of healthy and unhealthy foods in the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the psychological constructs and health perception. The sample was selected through stratified random cluster sampling and was composed of 788 university students. The participants responded to a MedDiet adherence screener and food consumption inventory to assess the eating habits, instruments measuring self-esteem, life satisfaction, curiosity and sense of coherence to assess the psychological adjustment, and single item measuring perceived health. The results revealed 41.9% of the participants had a high consumption of vegetables and 85.1% a low consumption of energy drinks, while 29.9% showed a high adherence to the MedDiet which was positively associated to each psychological variable and healthy foods and negatively with unhealthy foods. In conclusion, a higher adherence to the MedDiet, and the consumption of fruits and vegetables is related to higher psychological adjustment and health perception. However, the relationships between MedDiet and the psychological variables and health perception were fully or partially explained because of the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods.
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Lopes de Oliveira T, Oliveira RVCD, Griep RH, Moreno AB, Almeida MDCCD, Almquist YB, Fonseca MDJMD. Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) participant's profile regarding self-rated health: a multiple correspondence analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1761. [PMID: 34579683 PMCID: PMC8474707 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-rated health (SRH) - one of the most common health indicators used to verify health conditions - can be influenced by several types of socioeconomic conditions, thereby reflecting health inequalities. This study aimed to evaluate the participant profiles regarding the association between self-rated health and social and occupational characteristics of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). METHODS Cross-sectional design, including 11,305 individuals. Self-rated health was categorized as good, fair, and poor. The relationship between socio-demographic, psychosocial work environment, health-related variables, and self-rated health was analyzed by multiple correspondence analysis (stratified by age: up to 49 years old and 50 years old or more). RESULTS For both age strata, group composition was influenced by socioeconomic conditions. Poor SRH was related to lower socioeconomic conditions, being women, black self-declared race/ethnicity, being non-married/non-united, low decision authority, low skill discretion, and obesity. CONCLUSION To promote health, interventions should focus on reducing existing socioeconomic, race, and gender inequalities in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Lopes de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in health. National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-210, Brazil
| | | | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arlinda B Moreno
- Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in health. National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-210, Brazil
| | | | - Ylva Brännström Almquist
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca
- Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in health. National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-210, Brazil.
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Silva DAS. Longer leisure walking time is associated with positive self-rated health among adults and older adults: a Brazilian nationwide study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11471. [PMID: 34046265 PMCID: PMC8136276 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To verify the association between weekly leisure walking time and positive self-rated health in the Brazilian adult and elderly population. Methods This cross-sectional study used information collected in 2019 across all regions of Brazil. This study included 25,785 people aged ≥ 18 years (mean = 51.6; standard deviation = 18.0) from all capitals of the Brazilian states who reported practicing walking as physical activity during leisure time. Self-rated health was the dependent variable (positive or negative). The leisure walking time/week was the main exposure and it was categorized in “150 minutes/week”, “150–299 minutes/week” and “≥ 300 minutes/week”. We used binary logistic regression to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) that was adjusted for relevant covariates. Results We found that individuals who reported leisure walking for a period from 150 to 299 minutes/week and those who reported walking for a period ≥ 300 minutes/week were respectively 28% (OR = 1.28. 95% CI [1.10–1.48]) and 52% (OR = 1.52. 95% CI [1.27–1.82]) more likely of perceiving their health positively compared to those who reported walking for a period < 150 minutes/week. Individuals who reported leisure walking time <150 minutes/week had 72.3% (95% CI [70.4–74.1]) probability of perceiving their health positively. Individuals who reported leisure walking time from 150 to 299 minutes/week had 76.6% (95% CI [75.0 –78.3) probability of perceiving their health positively. On the other hand, individuals who reported leisure walking time ≥ 300 minutes/week had 79.2% probability (95% CI [77.1–81.4]) of perceiving their health positively. Conclusion Longer leisure walking time was associated with positive self-rated health among adults and older adults in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Abdala GA, Meira MDD, Rodrigo GT, Fróes MBDC, Ferreira MS, Abdala SA, Koenig HG. Religion, Age, Education, Lifestyle, and Health: Structural Equation Modeling. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:517-528. [PMID: 32409988 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the moderating effect of religion between sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, and self-referred physical and mental health. Cross-sectional study with non-randomized sample of 392 participants. The Eight Natural Remedies Questionnaire was used to assess lifestyle. Religion was found to be positive predictor between age, education and lifestyle, better physical and mental health. Being an Adventist positively influenced the lifestyle (r = 0.680; p < 0.05) and consequently physical (r = 0.222) and mental health (r = 0.220). Belonging to a religion that emphasizes a healthy lifestyle is a contributing factor toward better lifestyle, physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Andrade Abdala
- Health Promotion, Centro Universitário Adventista de Sao Paulo, Estrada de Itapecerica 5859, Jardim IAE, PO Box: 05858-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Dyrce Dias Meira
- Health Promotion, Centro Universitário Adventista de Sao Paulo, Estrada de Itapecerica 5859, Jardim IAE, PO Box: 05858-001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Werneck AO, Oyeyemi AL, Szwarcwald CL, Sardinha LB, Silva DR. Body mass index trajectories and noncommunicable diseases in women: The role of leisure time physical activity. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23492. [PMID: 32885890 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between body mass index trajectories and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in women, and the interaction effects of leisure time physical activity on this relationship. METHODS Sample was composed by 15 628 women (≥30 years old) who performed objective measurement of body mass, height, and blood pressure in the 2013 Brazilian Health Survey (2013). Information regarding the body mass at 20 years old, current type 2 diabetes (T2DM), dyslipidemia diagnosis, and leisure time physical activity were self-reported by the participants. Socio-demographic and behavioral covariates were considered. Logistic regression models were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Those who were obese in both moments and women who become obese showed similar high risk, however, the prevalence of NCDs among women who were no longer obese was similar to the consistently non-obese. Leisure time physical activity attenuated the general deleterious effect of obesity, especially among the consistently obese women for dyslipidemia (inactive: OR: 2.02 [95%CI: 1.69-2.43] vs active: OR: 1.05 [95%CI: 0.55-1.99]), T2DM (inactive: OR: 3.84 [95%CI: 2.72-5.43] vs active: OR: 4.38 [95%CI: 1.49-12.86]) and high blood pressure (inactive: OR: 2.00 [95%CI: 1.56-2.57] vs active: OR: 1.15 [95%CI: 0.57-2.52]). CONCLUSIONS Changes in body mass index appear to be sensitive to detecting the risk of NCDs over lifespan. In addition, leisure time physical activity attenuates the negative effects of obesity on NCDs, but this appears more important for the consistently non-obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER - Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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Factors associated with not adopting healthy behavior among hypertensive individuals: a population-based study in Brazil. J Hum Hypertens 2020; 35:718-725. [PMID: 32719446 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adoption of a healthy lifestyle is strongly recommended for the control of hypertension, but professional advice alone does not ensure uptake of healthy behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors-associated with non-adoption of healthy behaviors among individuals with a medical diagnosis of hypertension. It was a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health Survey (PNS) carried out in Brazil in 2013, based on interviews with adults (≥18 years) (n = 60,202). The outcome variable was the non-adoption-two or fewer-of healthy behaviors (regular physical activity, recommended consumption of fruit and vegetables, no excessive alcohol consumption, no smoking, and very low/low salt intake [self-perceived]). A logistic regression model was used to verify the factors-associated with non-adoption of healthy behaviors. Approximately 64% of the study sample did not adopt healthy behaviors, i.e., they adopted two or fewer healthy habits. The most frequently mentioned healthy behaviors were not drinking excessively (91.5%), followed by not smoking (86%). Short time since disease diagnosis (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.43), not using antihypertensive medication (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13-1.68), not making regular doctor visits (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.23-1.65), and good self-rated health (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.36) increased the chance of individuals not adopting healthy behaviors compared with their respective reference categories, independently of gender, age, schooling, and economic status. Counseling strategies should consider patient particularities, and health professionals need to be aware of issues that can interfere with the adoption of healthy behaviors of hypertensive patients.
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de-Mateo-Silleras B, Camina-Martín MA, Cartujo-Redondo A, Carreño-Enciso L, de-la-Cruz-Marcos S, Redondo-Del-Río P. Health Perception According to the Lifestyle of University Students. J Community Health 2020; 44:74-80. [PMID: 30014181 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-018-0555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
University students are characterized by having inadequate eating habits, along with an unhealthy lifestyle, which, among other factors, can affect the perception they have of their state of health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the health perception of a group of university students according to lifestyle. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 214 university students from different universities and branches of knowledge. Anthropometric data were collected. Three questionnaires were administered: PREDIMED (Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence), SF-36 (perception of health state) and GPAQ (physical activity (PA)). The differences between variables were analyzed using Student-t or Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson Chi-Square tests. Statistical significance was reached at p < 0.05. Most students were found to be normal weighted. The subjects presented an moderate MD adherence, this being better in Health Sciences students. 75.7% practiced light PA. The health perception is worse for most of the subscales analyzed than that of the reference population (except physical-function, physical-role, and emotional-role). There is an association between PA and health perception: students with intense PA have less body pain and better physical function; the less active, the less vitality. The more physically active subjects the greater MD adherence. Lifestyle and eating habits of health sciences students are healthier than that of students from other branches of knowledge. The physically active subjects have a better perception of quality of life-related to health and greater MD adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de-Mateo-Silleras
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Mª Alicia Camina-Martín
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alicia Cartujo-Redondo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Carreño-Enciso
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sandra de-la-Cruz-Marcos
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Paz Redondo-Del-Río
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, C/Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
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Silva MF, Assumpção DD, Francisco PMSB, Neri AL, Yassuda MS, Borim FSA. Morbidades e associações com autoavaliação de saúde e capacidade funcional em idosos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562020023.200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivos investigar a relação entre número de doenças crônicas e autoavaliação de saúde/capacidade funcional em relação a sexo e diferentes níveis educacionais. Métodos foi realizado um estudo transversal com 419 idosos que haviam participado do estudo FIBRA, o qual investiga fragilidade em indivíduos idosos. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas, doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, autoavaliação de saúde e capacidade funcional. Foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher para testar as associações entre número de doenças e autoavaliação de saúde e capacidade funcional, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados A autoavaliação de saúde negativa foi significativamente associada com número de doenças crônicas na amostra geral, no sexo feminino e em ambas as categorias de escolaridade. Por outro lado, relatar dependência parcial ou total para realizar uma ou mais atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVDs) apresentou associação significativa para número de doenças crônicas na amostra completa, sexo feminino e 0 a 4 anos de escolaridade. Conclusão as doenças crônicas possuem um impacto negativo na autoavaliação de saúde, especialmente em mulheres e em relação aos anos de escolaridade; e na dependência funcional para AIVDs, especialmente em mulheres e pessoas com 0 a 4 anos de escolaridade.
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Nogueira FDAM, Szwarcwald CL, Damacena GN. Exposição a agrotóxicos e agravos à saúde em trabalhadores agrícolas: o que revela a literatura? REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369000041118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução: a relação entre agrotóxicos e agravos à saúde tem sido investigada em diferentes contextos. Objetivo: reunir evidência científica relevante sobre agravos à saúde associados à exposição ocupacional aos agrotóxicos. Métodos: revisão de literatura de estudos publicados entre 2000 e 2017, nas bases PubMed, Embase e LILACS. Estabeleceu-se como critérios de elegibilidade: a) estudos observacionais; b) população de trabalhadores agrícolas; c) exposição ocupacional; d) agravos à saúde definidos como desfecho; e) comparação estatística de expostos com não expostos; f) idioma inglês, português ou espanhol. Resultados: 59 publicações foram elegíveis - 33 estudos transversais, 22 de coorte e 4 caso-controle. Discussão: os estudos indicam que trabalhadores rurais apresentam maior risco para alguns agravos crônicos (câncer, doenças mentais, neurológicas, endócrinas, renais, auditivas, respiratórias e autoimunes), efeitos subclínicos (danos genéticos e alterações bioquímicas) e sinais e sintomas clínicos de intoxicação aguda. Também foram identificadas limitações dos estudos quanto à avaliação da exposição e do desfecho, delineamento e amostragem. Conclusão: as evidências sugerem a necessidade de se complementar a avaliação da saúde dos trabalhadores expostos aos agrotóxicos utilizando biomarcadores de efeito de genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade, a fim de promover e ampliar a vigilância da exposição e das intoxicações crônicas e suas prevenções.
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Gonçalves RPF, Haikal DS, Freitas MIDF, Machado ÍE, Malta DC. Self-reported medical diagnosis of heart disease and associated risk factors: National Health Survey. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2019; 22Suppl 02:E190016.SUPL.2. [PMID: 31596387 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720190016.supl.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors associated with the self-reported medical diagnosis of heart disease in Brazil. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, analyzing information from 60,202 adult participants of the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013. Heart disease was defined by self-reported medical diagnosis of heart disease. We analyzed associations between the occurrence of disease and sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and lifestyle. A hierarchical binary logistic regression model was used. RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported diagnosis of heart disease in Brazil was 4.2% (confidence interval of 95% [95%CI] 4.0 ‒ 4.3) and was associated with females (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1; 95%CI 1.1 ‒ 1.1), people 65 years old or older (OR = 4.7; 95%CI 3.3 ‒ 5.6), poor or very poor health conditions (OR = 4.1; 95%CI 3.5 ‒ 4.6) and fair health conditions (OR = 2.4; 95%CI 2.2 ‒ 2.7), hypertensive individuals (OR = 2.4; 95%CI 2.2 ‒ 2.7), those with increased cholesterol (OR = 1.6; 95%CI 1.5 ‒ 1.8), overweight individuals (OR = 1.5; 95%CI 1.4 ‒ 1.8) and obese individuals (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.7 ‒ 2.2), sedentary behavior (OR = 1.5; 95%CI 1.02 ‒ 2.1), former smokers (OR = 1.4; 95%CI 1.3 ‒ 1.6) or current smokers (OR = 1.2; 95%CI 1.03 ‒ 1.3) and the consumption of fruits and vegetables 5 or more days each week (OR = 1.5; 95%CI 1.1 ‒ 1.5). CONCLUSION The importance of knowledge on the prevalence of heart disease and associated risk factors in the present Brazilian epidemiological context must be emphasized because it guides actions to control and prevent cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desirré Sant'Ana Haikal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Montes Claros (MG), Brasil
| | | | - Ísis Eloah Machado
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
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Pereira IFDS, Gonzaga MR, Lyra CDO. [Multidimensional profiles of lifestyle risk factors: application of the Grade of Membership method]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00124718. [PMID: 31291426 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00124718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify multidimensional profiles of lifestyle risk factors, verifying sociodemographic characteristics and self-rated health. Data were obtained from the Brazilian National Health Survey (2013) for 45,881 individuals 30 years and older. Identification of the profiles used the Grade of Membership (GoM) method, with 12 variables. Analysis of associated characteristics used Pearson's chi-square test and logistic regression. Two profiles were identified: "healthy profile" (61.6%), characterized by adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fish, non-regular consumption of sodas, meat with fat, and beans, normal weight, and recommended leisure-time physical activity, and "risk profile" (38.4%), characterized by lack of consumption of healthy markers, except consumption of beans, consumption of all the unhealthy dietary markers, replacing meals with snacks, alcohol consumption, smoking, and leisure-time physical inactivity. The healthy profile was associated with female gender, old age, white skin color, residents in the North and Northeast of Brazil, widows/widowers, married marital status, more schooling, and better self-rated health. The risk profile was associated with male gender, young adults, residents in the Central and South, single marital status, less schooling, and worse self-rated health. Although more prevalent, the percentage of individuals with complete classification in the healthy profile was low. Lifestyle risk factors are associated with sociodemographic characteristics.
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Alhajj MN, Halboub E, Amran AG, Alkheraif AA, Al-Sanabani FA, Al-Makramani BM, Al-Basmi AA, Al-Ghabri FA. Link between perceived oral and general health status among Yemeni adult dental patients. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:93. [PMID: 31138198 PMCID: PMC6540451 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-perceived health is an essential measure of health status and even a paramount predictor of mortality. So long as it is said that oral health (OH) and general health (GH) are mirrors to each other. This study sought to determine how Yemeni adults rate their OH and GH, whether such a self-rating influenced by some potential risk factors, and whether both ratings (OH and GH) are correlated. METHODS A sample of 587 Yemeni dental patients aged 20 years and over were consecutively recruited. A structured interview form was used covering the following variables: age, gender, marital status, educational level, presence of dental prosthesis (DP), smoking and Qat chewing habits as independent variables, along with questions on "perceived oral health (POH)" and "perceived general health (PGH)" as dependent variables. The bivariate and multiple ordinal regression analyses were applied at P-value < 0.05. RESULTS Most of participants were women (73.6%), and married (71.4%), and more than half of them were young adults (58.2%), with high educational levels (53.3%), and not having DP. Only 310 participants responded to the questions on smoking and Qat chewing habits. Of these, 88.5% were non-smokers and 62.1% were Qat non-chewers. Up to 50% of the participants reported their POH as poor or fair, while lower proportions of participants (17%) reported their PGH as such. Younger age (compared to elders), high education levels (compared to primary education) and being single (compared to married) significantly revealed better levels of POH, while high education levels and being females significantly revealed better levels of PGH. Smoking and Qat chewing habits were found to have no effect on the perception of POH or PGH. POH and PGH were found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.486; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Higher levels of oral health problems can be anticipated among patients who perceive poor general health, and vice versa. The age, marital status and education were independent determinants of POH, while the gender and education were independent determinants of PGH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G Amran
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Abdulaziz A Alkheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad A Al-Sanabani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan university, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar M Al-Makramani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan university, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fawaz A Al-Ghabri
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
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Malta DC, Oliveira MMD, Machado IE, Prado RR, Stopa SR, Crespo CD, Assunção AÁ. Characteristics associated to a poor self-rated health in Brazilian adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, 2015. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2018; 21:e180018. [PMID: 30517469 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720180018.supl.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health self-assessment (HSA) is a widely studied indicator among adults and the elderly, but not often explored in adolescents. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of poor self-rated health in Brazilian schoolchildren and associated factors. METHODS Data from the 2015 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) were analyzed; prevalences and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated for poor self-rated health and associated factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 7.1% (95%CI 7.0 - 7.3) of the schoolchildren reported a poor self-assessed health status. Sociodemographic characteristics, such as female gender, 15 years of age or older, yellow, brown and indigenous race/skin color; risk behaviors such as regular alcohol consumption and drug experimentation, and issues related to physical and emotional health remained positively associated with the outcome studied. Protective factors identified were maternal schooling and demand for health services. CONCLUSION The impact of risky behaviors on physical and emotional health need to be addressed among students. The school presents itself as a safe and opportune space for promoting a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Max Moura de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Isis Eloah Machado
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | | | - Sheila Rizzato Stopa
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças e Agravos não Transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde - Brasília (DF), Brasil
| | | | - Ada Ávila Assunção
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
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The association between physical activity and depression among individuals residing in Brazil. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:373-383. [PMID: 28889252 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-017-1441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is very limited literature investigating the association between physical activity (PA) and depression in South American countries such as Brazil. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression and its association with PA in a very large, representative sample of young adults (ages 18-39 years) (YA), middle-aged adults (ages 40-59 years) (MAA) and older adults (ages ≥ 60 years) (OA) residing in Brazil. METHODS The sample for this cross-sectional study was based on the Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2013. The Personal Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8) was applied to measure current (past 2 weeks) depression as the outcome of interest, and the exposure was self-reported PA for leisure. Multivariable weighted logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between PA and depression while adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and number of health comorbidities among YA, MAA and OA. RESULTS The final study sample size was 59,399 (33,480 females; 25,919 males). After adjusting for the covariates of interest, the lack of PA for leisure was associated with a significant increase in depression only among males (YA: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.02-2.06; MAA: OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.40-4.03; OA: OR 5.35, 95% CI 2.14-13.37). There was no significant association between PA for leisure and depression among females of all age groups. CONCLUSIONS Although PA for leisure is not associated with depression among Brazilian females, the obtained results suggest that this association is significant among Brazilian males, who may be able to benefit from PA for leisure to reduce their symptoms of depression.
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Borges FT, Muraro AP, da Costa Leão LH, de Andrade Carvalho L, Siqueira CEG. Socioeconomic and Health Profile of Haitian Immigrants in a Brazilian Amazon State. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 20:1373-1379. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Patrão AL, Almeida MDC, Matos SMA, Chor D, Aquino EML. Gender and psychosocial factors associated with healthy lifestyle in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015705. [PMID: 28851775 PMCID: PMC5724152 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been estimated that over 50% of the premature deaths occurring in Western countries can be attributed to causes rooted in lifestyle. In turn, leading a healthy lifestyle has also been associated with a wide range of psychosocial factors. Today, it is known that these differ among men and women. The present article aimed to identify, from a gender-based perspective, the psychosocial factors associated with healthy lifestyles in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort, the largest study concerning adult health conducted in Latin America to date. DESIGN This cross-sectional study was conducted using ELSA-Brasil baseline data, collected between 2008 and 2010. SETTING Six Brazilian public higher education and research institutions. PARTICIPANTS The ELSA-Brasil cohort consists of approximately 15 000 employees (8218 women and 6887 men), both currently working and retired. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The lifestyle indicator was constructed by summing the scores attributed to four different behaviours. RESULTS The women of the ELSA-Brasil cohort have healthier lifestyles than men. In women, strong associations were found between a healthy lifestyle and age 60 years or older, Asian race and university level of education or higher. In men, being 60 years or older, of Asian or Caucasian race, having a high-school equivalent level of education or higher, being retired, having a housekeeper, having a good or very good self-perception of health and being satisfied with body image were the psychosocial factors associated with leading a healthy lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS The factors that influenced healthy lifestyles were found to differ among men and women, a fact that must be addressed when developing programmes designed to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Patrão
- Institute of Collective Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dora Chor
- FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, National School of Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Estela M L Aquino
- Institute of Collective Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Szwarcwald CL, Souza Júnior PRBD, Marques AP, Almeida WDSD, Montilla DER. Inequalities in healthy life expectancy by Brazilian geographic regions: findings from the National Health Survey, 2013. Int J Equity Health 2016; 15:141. [PMID: 27852270 PMCID: PMC5112675 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-016-0432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The demographic shift and epidemiologic transition in Brazil have drawn attention to ways of measuring population health that complement studies of mortality. In this paper, we investigate regional differences in healthy life expectancy based on information from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013. Methods In the survey, a three-stage cluster sampling (census tracts, households and individuals) with stratification of the primary sampling units and random selection in all stages was used to select 60,202 Brazilian adults (18 years and over). Healthy life expectancies (HLE) were estimated by Sullivan’s method according to sex, age and geographic region, using poor self-rated health for defining unhealthy status. Logistic regression models were used to investigate socioeconomic and regional inequalities in poor self-rated health, after controlling by sex and age. Results Wide disparities by geographic region were found with the worst indicators in the North and Northeast regions, whether considering educational attainment, material deprivation, or health care utilization. Life expectancy at birth for women and men living in the richest regions was 5 years longer than for those living in the less wealthy regions. Modeling the variation across regions for poor self-rated health, statistically significant effects (p < 0.001) were found for the North and Northeast when compared to the Southeast, even after controlling for age, sex, diagnosis of at least one non-communicable chronic disease, and schooling or socioeconomic class. Marked regional inequalities in HLE were found, with the loss of healthy life much higher among residents of the poorest regions, especially among the elderly. Conclusions By combining data on self-rated health status and mortality in a single indicator, Healthy Life Expectancy, this study demonstrated the excess burden of poor health experienced by populations in the less wealthy regions of Brazil. To mitigate the effects of social exclusion, the development of strategies at the regional level is essential to provide health care to all persons in need, reduce risk exposures, support prevention policies for adoption of healthy behaviors. Such strategies should prioritize population groups that will experience the greatest impact from such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Landmann Szwarcwald
- Institute of Communication and Information Science and Technology in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Pinto Marques
- Institute of Communication and Information Science and Technology in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanessa da Silva de Almeida
- Institute of Communication and Information Science and Technology in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dalia Elena Romero Montilla
- Institute of Communication and Information Science and Technology in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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