The influence of meal and food markets in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in the city of São Paulo

Food insecurity, nutritional status and socioeconomic factors in the transgender population: a cross-sectional study in the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista, Brazil, 2023

OBJECTIVE

To describe the distribution of nutritional status and food insecurity among the adult transgender population in the Baixada Santista region of the state of São Paulo and to identify associated factors.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study using data from the research project entitled Mapping the Transgender Population in Baixada Santista of the state of São Paulo, conducted through a structured questionnaire administered between August and December 2023. The outcomes were nutritional status and food and nutrition insecurity (FNI). The association analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS

A total of 237 people took part in the study. High prevalence of FNI was associated with an income of less than 2 minimum wages (p < 0.001), difficulty finding a job (p < 0.001) and lack of family support related to gender (p = 0.001). Difficulty reading/writing (p = 0.025) and proximity to an open-air market (p = 0.033) were negatively or positively associated with adequate nutritional status, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The high prevalence of FNI among the most vulnerable population and the adequate nutritional status associated with proximity to open-air markets indicate the need for policies aimed at reducing inequities and expand access to adequate food.

[Urban geographic space and fruit and vegetable consumption: 2013 National Health Survey]

The aim of the study was to analyze the association between the urban geographic space and the regular consumption of fruit and vegetables in Brazil. It involved a population-based and cross-sectional study using data from the 2013 National Health Survey, considering 60,202 adults ≥18 years old. The dependent variables were regular fruit consumption (RFC) and regular vegetable consumption (RVC). The independent variable was the urban geographic space divided into three categories: capital, metropolitan region (MR) and interior. The Odds Ratio was calculated, adjusted by sociodemographic variables. Among women, the RFC was lower in MR (OR= 0.83; 95%CI: 0.73-0.94) and in the interior (OR= 0.68; 95%CI: 0.61-0.76), the same in men (RM: OR= 0.84; 95%CI: 0.75-0.93; Interior: OR= 0.78; 95%CI: 0.71-0.85). In most subcategories, the same was observed in the interior and the capital. There was no association with RVC and the urban geographic space in general, and when stratified in the subgroups even contradictory results were observed, because in some subgroups the RVC was higher in the capitals and lower elsewhere. Local aspects of production and distribution of these food products are considered when planning public policies that seek to promote consumption in the population.

Fruit and vegetable consumption across generations of primary Brazilian care users

OBJECTIVES

Despite the importance of generational approach to understand dietary patterns, studies on the topic are scarce, especially in primary health care. Thus, we aimed to analyze the association between generational status and fruit and vegetable (F + V) consumption across users of the Brazilian Primary Care Program, adjusted by health aspects, socioeconomic factors, and body mass index.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was performed from the baseline, randomized, controlled, community trial. Generational status was defined according to the year of birth as traditionalists (1934-1945), baby boomer (BB; 1946-1964), generation X (GX; 1965-1980), and generation Y (GY; 1981-1993). The consumption of F + V was classified as regular (≥5 times/wk) and adequate (3 servings of fruit/d and 3 of vegetables/d), analyzed together (F + V) and separately (fruit or vegetable) by food group.

RESULTS

Of the 3356 participants, 18.1% were traditionalist, 59.0% BB, 19.7% GX, and 3.2% GY. The prevalence of regular and adequate F + V consumption was 61.7% and 37.2%, respectively. There were fewer chances of regular consumption of fruit and F + V for all generations in comparison with traditionalists. With regard to adequate consumption, there was less chance of consuming F + V only for individuals from GY and of F + V for GX and GY.

CONCLUSIONS

This is one of the first studies to investigate differences in F + V consumption according to the generational status in a health service. The findings are likely to support the design of strategies to promote F + V consumption, focusing on the younger population to promote health in the present and the future.

Longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding reduces maternal weight retention: results from the CLaB study

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the relation between breastfeeding and postpartum weight reten-tion. Methods: this prospective cohort study involved 641 newborns and their mothers, followed up to twelve months postpartum. Data were collected from June 2015 to February 2017. In the first interview, we investigated data regarding socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, obstetric history, weight, and gestational age of the infant at birth. Maternal weight and breastfeeding status were obtained at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postpartum at the mother’s home. A descriptive analysis of maternal weight retention according to the lactation status was performed. Multiple linear regression models evaluated the effect on exclusive breastfeeding and total breastfeeding duration on maternal weight retention at 6 and 12 months postpartum, considering potential confounders. Results: 512 and 490 mothers were evaluated at six months and at twelve months post-partum, and the mean weight retention was 1.79 (SD=5.52) and 1.69 (SD=6.69) kg, respectively. Regardless of the confounders, the mean postpartum weight reduction for each day of exclusive breastfeeding was 11 (CI95%= -0.019 to -0.003) and 16 grams (CI95%= -0.026 to -0.007) for 6 and 12 months, respectively. The total maternal breastfeeding duration had the same effect. Conclusions: longer periods of exclusive breastfeeding and total breastfeeding are associated with lower postpartum weight retention.