1
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Bezerra EHS, Melo-Hanchuk TD, Marques RE. Structural and molecular biology of Sabiá virus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1624-1634. [PMID: 37937408 PMCID: PMC10723027 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231199071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazilian mammarenavirus, or Sabiá virus (SABV), is a New World (NW) arenavirus associated with fulminant hemorrhagic disease in humans and the sole biosafety level 4 microorganism ever isolated in Brazil. Since the isolation of SABV in the 1990s, studies on viral biology have been scarce, with no available countermeasures against SABV infection or disease. Here we provide a comprehensive review of SABV biology, including key aspects of SABV replication, and comparisons with related Old World and NW arenaviruses. SABV is most likely a rodent-borne virus, transmitted to humans, through exposure to urine and feces in peri-urban areas. Using protein structure prediction methods and alignments, we analyzed shared and unique features of SABV proteins (GPC, NP, Z, and L) that could be explored in search of therapeutic strategies, including repurposing intended application against arenaviruses. Highly conserved catalytic activities present in L protein could be targeted for broad-acting antiviral activity among arenaviruses, while protein-protein interactions, such as those between L and the matrix protein Z, have evolved in NW arenaviruses and should be specific to SABV. The nucleoprotein (NP) also shares targetable interaction interfaces with L and Z and exhibits exonuclease activity in the C-terminal domain, which may be involved in multiple aspects of SABV replication. Envelope glycoproteins GP1 and GP2 have been explored in the development of promising cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies and vaccines, some of which could be repurposed for SABV. GP1 remains a challenging target in SABV as evolutive pressures render it the most variable viral protein in terms of both sequence and structure, while antiviral strategies targeting the Z protein remain to be validated. In conclusion, the prediction and analysis of protein structures should revolutionize research on viruses such as SABV by facilitating the rational design of countermeasures while reducing dependence on sophisticated laboratory infrastructure for experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
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2
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de Oliveira ALR, Cunha MS, Bisordi I, de Souza RP, Timenetsky MDCST. Serological evidence of arenavirus circulation in wild rodents from central-west, southeast, and south regions of Brazil, 2002-2006. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:279-284. [PMID: 36441413 PMCID: PMC9943984 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by arenaviruses are severe zoonotic diseases. In reservoirs, the presence of antibodies may indicate viral circulation in a population of a specific region, and these data can be used as an indicator for further investigations by molecular techniques. The present study aimed to detect the presence of arenavirus antibodies in wild rodents captured from 1998 to 2008 during epidemiological surveillance activities. A retrospective analysis of 2243 wild rodent blood samples using a broad cross-reactive in-house developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed a 0.44% (10/2243) positive rate in wild rodents, which included Necromys lasiurus (6/1012), Calomys callosus (2/94), and Akodon sp. (2/273) species. These rodents were captured between 2002 to 2006 in Campo Alegre de Goiás/GO, Bodoquena/MS, Nuporanga/SP, and Mogi das Cruzes/SP. Our findings suggest the sylvatic circulation of arenavirus among wild rodents in the southeast region of Brazil. However, future virological and molecular studies are necessary to confirm the viral presence in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial Do Centro de Virologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, SP, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências, Mestrado Em Pesquisa Laboratoriais Em Saúde Pública da Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Sequetin Cunha
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial Do Centro de Virologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, SP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ivani Bisordi
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial Do Centro de Virologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Pereira de Souza
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial Do Centro de Virologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Sampaio Tavares Timenetsky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências, Mestrado Em Pesquisa Laboratoriais Em Saúde Pública da Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Centro de Virologia Do, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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3
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Nastri AC, Duarte-Neto AN, Casadio LVB, Souza WMD, Claro IM, Manuli ER, Selegatto G, Salomão MC, Fialkovitz G, Taborda M, Almeida BLD, Magri MC, Guedes AR, Perdigão Neto LV, Sataki FM, Guimarães T, Mendes-Correa MC, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Fumagalli MJ, Ho YL, Maia da Silva CA, Coletti TM, Goes de Jesus J, Romano CM, Hill SC, Pybus O, Rebello Pinho JR, Ledesma FL, Casal YR, Kanamura CT, Tadeu de Araújo LJ, Ferreira CSDS, Guerra JM, Figueiredo LTM, Dolhnikoff M, Faria NR, Sabino EC, Alves VAF, Levin AS. Understanding Sabiá virus infections (Brazilian mammarenavirus). Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 48:102351. [PMID: 35537676 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only two naturally occurring human Sabiá virus (SABV) infections have been reported, and those occurred over 20 years ago. METHODS We diagnosed two new cases of SABV infection using metagenomics in patients thought to have severe yellow fever and described new features of histopathological findings. RESULTS We characterized clinical manifestations, histopathology and analyzed possible nosocomial transmission. Patients presented with hepatitis, bleeding, neurological alterations and died. We traced twenty-nine hospital contacts and evaluated them clinically and by RT-PCR and neutralizing antibodies. Autopsies uncovered unique features on electron microscopy, such as hepatocyte "pinewood knot" lesions. Although previous reports with similar New-World arenavirus had nosocomial transmission, our data did not find any case in contact tracing. CONCLUSIONS Although an apparent by rare, Brazilian mammarenavirus infection is an etiology for acute hemorrhagic fever syndrome. The two fatal cases had peculiar histopathological findings not previously described. The virological diagnosis was possible only by contemporary techniques such as metagenomic assays. We found no subsequent infections when we used serological and molecular tests to evaluate close contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catharina Nastri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Núcleo de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Vilas Boas Casadio
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - William Marciel de Souza
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Ingra M Claro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Erika R Manuli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gloria Selegatto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Matias C Salomão
- Infection Control Department, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Fialkovitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariane Taborda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Leal de Almeida
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Infection Control Department, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcello C Magri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Rúbia Guedes
- Infection Control Department, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lauro Vieira Perdigão Neto
- Infection Control Department, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fatima Mitie Sataki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thais Guimarães
- Infection Control Department, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cassia Mendes-Correa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcilio Jorge Fumagalli
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Yeh-Li Ho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camila Alves Maia da Silva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thaís M Coletti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Goes de Jesus
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camila M Romano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sarah C Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, United Kingdom; Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
| | - Oliver Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Yuri R Casal
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nuno R Faria
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Anna S Levin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Infection Control Department, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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4
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Gravinatti ML, Barbosa CM, Soares RM, Gregori F. Synanthropic rodents as virus reservoirs and transmitters. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20190486. [PMID: 32049206 PMCID: PMC7083353 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0486-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on reports of hepatitis E virus, hantavirus, rotavirus,
coronavirus, and arenavirus in synanthropic rodents (Rattus
rattus, Rattus norvegicus, and Mus
musculus) within urban environments. Despite their potential impact
on human health, relatively few studies have addressed the monitoring of these
viruses in rodents. Comprehensive control and preventive activities should
include actions such as the elimination or reduction of rat and mouse
populations, sanitary education, reduction of shelters for the animals, and
restriction of the access of rodents to residences, water, and food
supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lucia Gravinatti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Martins Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Gregori
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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5
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Logue J, Crozier I, Jahrling PB, Kuhn JH. Post-exposure prophylactic vaccine candidates for the treatment of human Risk Group 4 pathogen infections. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:85-103. [PMID: 31937163 PMCID: PMC7011290 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1713756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The development of therapeutics and vaccines to combat Risk Group 4 pathogens, which are associated with high case-fatality rates, is a high priority. Postexposure prophylactic vaccines have the potential to bridge classical therapeutic and vaccine applications, but little progress has been reported to date.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of postexposure prophylactic vaccine candidates against Risk Group 4 pathogens.Expert opinion: A few candidate postexposure prophylactic vaccines protect experimental animals infected with a few Risk Group 4 pathogens, such as filoviruses or hantaviruses, but the efficacy of candidate vaccines has not been similarly reported for most other high-consequence pathogens. A major drawback for the further development of existing candidates is the lack of understanding of their mechanisms of action, knowledge of which could help to identify focused paths forward in vaccine development and licensure. These drawbacks to further development ultimately slow progress toward postexposure prophylactic vaccine licensure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Logue
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ian Crozier
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter B Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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6
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Wurtz N, Papa A, Hukic M, Di Caro A, Leparc-Goffart I, Leroy E, Landini MP, Sekeyova Z, Dumler JS, Bădescu D, Busquets N, Calistri A, Parolin C, Palù G, Christova I, Maurin M, La Scola B, Raoult D. Survey of laboratory-acquired infections around the world in biosafety level 3 and 4 laboratories. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1247-58. [PMID: 27234593 PMCID: PMC7088173 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory-acquired infections due to a variety of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi have been described over the last century, and laboratory workers are at risk of exposure to these infectious agents. However, reporting laboratory-associated infections has been largely voluntary, and there is no way to determine the real number of people involved or to know the precise risks for workers. In this study, an international survey based on volunteering was conducted in biosafety level 3 and 4 laboratories to determine the number of laboratory-acquired infections and the possible underlying causes of these contaminations. The analysis of the survey reveals that laboratory-acquired infections have been infrequent and even rare in recent years, and human errors represent a very high percentage of the cases. Today, most risks from biological hazards can be reduced through the use of appropriate procedures and techniques, containment devices and facilities, and the training of personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wurtz
- URMITE, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - A Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Hukic
- International Burch University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Medical Science, Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Di Caro
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - I Leparc-Goffart
- ERRIT-IRBA, HIA Laveran, Centre National de Référence des Arboviroses, 13384, Marseille, France
| | - E Leroy
- Laboratoire MiVEGEC, UMR IRD 224 CNRS 5290 UMI, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon
| | - M P Landini
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Regional Reference Centre for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Z Sekeyova
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - J S Dumler
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Bădescu
- Cantacuzino National Institute of Research, Bucharest, Romania
| | - N Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - C Parolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - G Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - I Christova
- Department of Microbiology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Maurin
- Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Département des Agents Infectieux, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - B La Scola
- URMITE, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - D Raoult
- URMITE, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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7
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Bisordi I, Levis S, Maeda AY, Suzuki A, Nagasse-Sugahara TK, de Souza RP, Pereira LE, Garcia JB, Cerroni MDP, de A e Silva F, dos Santos CLS, da Fonseca BAL. Pinhal Virus, a New Arenavirus Isolated from Calomys tener in Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2015; 15:694-700. [PMID: 26501215 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arenavirus Sabiá was originally isolated from a fatal human infection in Brazil, and after the occurrence of the second fatal human case in São Paulo state, epidemiologic and virologic studies were performed in the area where the patient lived, aiming at the identification of the Sabiá natural rodent reservoir. A broadly cross-reactive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to screen for antibody-positive samples. Antibodies to arenavirus were detected in two of the 55 samples of Calomys tener, and from these results, samples of rodents were analyzed by a broad RT-PCR assay. RT-PCR amplification detected arenavirus sequences in five of the 55 C. tener samples, and sequencing showed that this virus is a distinct form of Sabiá virus. Thus, we describe here the evidence for the circulation of a new arenavirus in Brazil (proposed name Pinhal virus) and its genetic characterization compared to other arenaviruses. This study also suggests C. tener as a probable rodent reservoir for this virus and associates this new virus with the lineage C of New World arenaviruses. Although we have defined some characteristics of this virus, so far, there is no evidence of its involvement in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvana Levis
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui-Pergamino/BA , Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge B Garcia
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui-Pergamino/BA , Argentina
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8
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Pedrosa PBS, Cardoso TAO. Viral infections in workers in hospital and research laboratory settings: a comparative review of infection modes and respective biosafety aspects. Int J Infect Dis 2011; 15:e366-76. [PMID: 21497126 PMCID: PMC7110847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare modes and sources of infection and clinical and biosafety aspects of accidental viral infections in hospital workers and research laboratory staff reported in scientific articles. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scirus, and Scielo were searched (to December 2008) for reports of accidental viral infections, written in English, Portuguese, Spanish, or German; the authors' personal file of scientific articles and references from the articles retrieved in the initial search were also used. Systematic review was carried out with inclusion criteria of presence of accidental viral infection's cases information, and exclusion criteria of absence of information about the viral etiology, and at least probable mode of infection. RESULTS One hundred and forty-one scientific articles were obtained, 66 of which were included in the analysis. For arboviruses, 84% of the laboratory infections had aerosol as the source; for alphaviruses alone, aerosol exposure accounted for 94% of accidental infections. Of laboratory arboviral infections, 15.7% were acquired percutaneously, whereas 41.6% of hospital infections were percutaneous. For airborne viruses, 81% of the infections occurred in laboratories, with hantavirus the leading causative agent. Aerosol inhalation was implicated in 96% of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections, 99% of hantavirus infections, and 50% of coxsackievirus infections, but infective droplet inhalation was the leading mode of infection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the mucocutaneous mode of infection was involved in the case of infection with influenza B. For blood-borne viruses, 92% of infections occurred in hospitals and 93% of these had percutaneous mode of infection, while among laboratory infections 77% were due to infective aerosol inhalation. Among blood-borne virus infections there were six cases of particular note: three cases of acute hepatitis following hepatitis C virus infection with a short period of incubation, one laboratory case of human immunodeficiency virus infection through aerosol inhalation, one case of hepatitis following hepatitis G virus infection, and one case of fulminant hepatitis with hepatitis B virus infection following exposure of the worker's conjunctiva to hepatitis B virus e antigen-negative patient saliva. Of the 12 infections with viruses with preferential mucocutaneous transmission, seven occurred percutaneously, aerosol was implicated as a possible source of infection in two cases, and one atypical infection with Macacine herpesvirus 1 with fatal encephalitis as the outcome occurred through a louse bite. One outbreak of norovirus infection among hospital staff had as its probable mode of infection the ingestion of inocula spread in the environment by fomites. CONCLUSIONS The currently accepted and practiced risk analysis of accidental viral infections based on the conventional dynamics of infection of the etiological agents is insufficient to cope with accidental viral infections in laboratories and to a lesser extent in hospitals, where unconventional modes of infection are less frequently present but still have relevant clinical and potential epidemiological consequences. Unconventional modes of infection, atypical clinical development, or extremely severe cases are frequently present together with high viral loads and high virulence of the agents manipulated in laboratories. In hospitals by contrast, the only possible association of atypical cases is with the individual resistance of the worker. Current standard precaution practices are insufficient to prevent most of the unconventional infections in hospitals analyzed in this study; it is recommended that special attention be given to flaviviruses in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro B S Pedrosa
- Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Armstrong LR, Dembry LM, Rainey PM, Russi MB, Khan AS, Fischer SH, Edberg SC, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Peters CJ. Management of a Sabiá virus-infected patients in a US hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20:176-82. [PMID: 10100543 DOI: 10.1086/501607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the hospital precautions used to isolate a Sabiá virus (arenavirus: Arenaviridae)-infected patient in a US hospital and to protect hospital staff and visitors. DESIGN Investigation of a single case of arenavirus laboratory-acquired infection and associated case-contacts. SETTING A 900-bed, tertiary-care, university-affiliated medical center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS The case-patient became ill with Sabiá virus infection. The case-contacts consisted of healthcare workers, coworkers, friends, and relatives of the case-patient. INTERVENTION Enhanced isolation precautions for treatment of a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) patient were implemented in the clinical laboratory and patient-care setting to prevent nosocomial transmission. The enhanced precautions included preventing aerosol spread of the virus from the patient or his clinical specimens. All case-contacts were tested for Sabiá virus antibodies and monitored for signs and symptoms of early disease. RESULTS No cases of secondary infection occurred among 142 case-contacts. CONCLUSIONS With the frequency of worldwide travel, patients with VHF can be admitted to a local hospital at any time in the United States. The use of enhanced isolation precautions for VHF appeared to be effective in preventing secondary cases by limiting the number of contacts and promoting proper handling of laboratory specimens. Patients with VHF can be managed safely in a local hospital setting, provided that appropriate precautions are planned and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Armstrong
- Viral Exanthems and Herpesvirus Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Lisieux T, Coimbra M, Nassar ES, Burattini MN, de Souza LT, Ferreira I, Rocco IM, da Rosa AP, Vasconcelos PF, Pinheiro FP. New arenavirus isolated in Brazil. Lancet 1994; 343:391-2. [PMID: 7905555 PMCID: PMC3313646 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new arenavirus, called Sabiá, was isolated in Brazil from a fatal case of haemorrhagic fever initially thought to be yellow fever. Antigenic and molecular characterisation indicated that Sabiá virus is a new member of the Tacaribe complex. A laboratory technician working with the agent was also infected and developed a prolonged, non-fatal influenza-like illness. Sabiá virus is yet another arenavirus causing human disease in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lisieux
- Virus Service, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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