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Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in Free-Ranging Chickens from the Caribbean. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:738-744. [PMID: 31111358 PMCID: PMC6908547 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite capable of infecting a wide range of hosts. Free-range chickens are important sentinels in the epidemiology of this parasite as they feed from the ground and are likely to ingest oocysts shed in the faeces of infected cats. Atypical strains of T. gondii are known to dominate in South America where they are associated with more severe disease in humans, yet relatively little is known about the strains circulating in neighbouring Caribbean islands.
Methods In this study, hearts and brains were collected from free-range chickens in Antigua and Barbuda (n = 45), Dominica (n = 76) and Trinidad (n = 41), and DNA was extracted for nested ITS1 PCR and PCR–RFLP. Sera were collected and screened for antibodies using the modified agglutination test (MAT).
Results Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 20.5, 38.2 and 17.1% of chickens in Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica and Trinidad, respectively. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was also detected by PCR in 24.4, 17.1 and 17.1% of chickens, respectively, giving an overall prevalence of 31.1, 42.1, and 29.3% for each of the 3 island nations. Results of PCR–RFLP revealed 2 new atypical genotypes (designated ToxoDB #281 and #282) and one Type III (ToxoDB #2) in chickens from Antigua. Partial genotyping of a further 8 isolates (7 from Antigua and one from Trinidad) revealed different allele-types at five or more markers for 7 of the isolates, suggesting atypical genotypes. Conclusions This is the first study to report the prevalence of T. gondii in free-range chickens in Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica and Trinidad and Tobago. It is also the first to report the presence of atypical genotypes in Antigua and Barbuda and Trinidad and Tobago.
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Dubey JP, Verma SK, Villena I, Aubert D, Geers R, Su C, Lee E, Forde MS, Krecek RC. Toxoplasmosis in the Caribbean islands: literature review, seroprevalence in pregnant women in ten countries, isolation of viable Toxoplasma gondii from dogs from St. Kitts, West Indies with report of new T. gondii genetic types. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:1627-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Alvarado-Esquivel C, Pacheco-Vega SJ, Salcedo-Jaquez M, Sánchez-Anguiano LF, Hernández-Tinoco J, Rábago-Sánchez E, Centeno-Tinoco MM, Flores-Garcia ID, Ramos-Nevarez A, Cerrillo-Soto SM, Guido-Arreola CA, Beristain-García I, Liesenfeld O, Berumen-Segovia LO, Saenz-Soto L, Sifuentes-Álvarez A. Stillbirth history and Toxoplasma gondii infection in women attending public health centers in a northern Mexican City. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2015; 5:164-71. [PMID: 26185685 PMCID: PMC4500068 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2015.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a cross-sectional study design, 150 women attending public health centers with a history of stillbirths were examined for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies in Durango City, Mexico. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of T. gondii seropositivity with the characteristics of the women with stillbirth history. Of the 150 women (mean age: 32.09 ± 9.16 years) studied, 14 (9.3%) had anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies and six (42.9%) of them were also positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed that T. gondii seropositivity was associated with high frequency (4–7 days a week) of eating meat (OR = 5.52; 95% CI: 1.48–20.59; P = 0.01), history of lymphadenopathy (OR = 4.52; 95% CI: 1.14–17.82; P = 0.03), and history of surgery (OR = 8.68; 95% CI: 1.04–72.15; P = 0.04). This is the first study on the seroepidemiology of T. gondii infection in women with a history of stillbirths in Mexico. The association of T. gondii exposure with a history of surgery warrants for further research. Risk factors for T. gondii infection found in the present survey may help to design optimal educational programs to avoid T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alvarado-Esquivel
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State , Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Mexico
| | - S J Pacheco-Vega
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State , Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Mexico
| | - M Salcedo-Jaquez
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State , Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Mexico
| | - L F Sánchez-Anguiano
- Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera-Damm", Juárez University of Durango State , Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Mexico
| | - J Hernández-Tinoco
- Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera-Damm", Juárez University of Durango State , Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Mexico
| | - E Rábago-Sánchez
- Mothers and Children's Hospital, Secretary of Health , Durango, Mexico
| | - M M Centeno-Tinoco
- Health Center 450, Secretary of Health , Toma de Zacatecas 129, 34000 Durango, Mexico
| | - I D Flores-Garcia
- Mothers and Children's Hospital, Secretary of Health , Durango, Mexico
| | - A Ramos-Nevarez
- Clínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado , Predio Canoas S/N, 34079 Durango, Mexico
| | - S M Cerrillo-Soto
- Clínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado , Predio Canoas S/N, 34079 Durango, Mexico
| | - C A Guido-Arreola
- Clínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado , Predio Canoas S/N, 34079 Durango, Mexico
| | - I Beristain-García
- Faculty of Nursing and Obstetrics, Juárez University of Durango State , Avenida Cuauhtémoc 223, 34000 Durango, Mexico
| | - O Liesenfeld
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Medical School , Hindenburgdamm 27, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - L O Berumen-Segovia
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State , Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Mexico
| | - L Saenz-Soto
- Clínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado , Predio Canoas S/N, 34079 Durango, Mexico
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Adesiyun A, Campbell M, Rahaman S, Bissessar S, Stewart-Johnson A, Dookeran S, Gittens-St. Hilaire M. Frequency of Detection of Immunoglobulins ofToxoplasma gondii, Leptospiraspp., andBrucella abortusin Livestock/Farm and Abattoir Workers in Trinidad. J Agromedicine 2011; 16:200-9. [PMID: 21728871 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2011.581541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mioranza SDL, Meireles LR, Mioranza EL, Andrade Júnior HFD. Evidência sorológica da infecção aguda pelo Toxoplasma gondii em gestantes de Cascavel, Paraná. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2008; 41:628-34. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822008000600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Para verificar a ocorrência da toxoplasmose em Cascavel, Paraná, cidade próxima a região onde ocorreu o maior surto epidêmico descrito mundialmente, 334 amostras de soros de gestantes foram triadas pelo ensaio imunoenzimático comercial IgG no Laboratório Municipal de Cascavel, e confirmadas no Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo por imunofluorescência IgG, ensaio imunoenzimático e avidez de IgG in house. A soropositividade pelo IgG comercial foi 54,2%, pela imunofluorescência 54,8% e pelo IgG in house 53,9%, com boa concordância entre imunofluorescência/IgG comercial (Kappa=0,963781; co-positividade=97,8%; co-negatividade=98,7%) e imunofluorescência/IgG in house (Kappa=0,975857; co-positividade=97,8%; co-negatividade=100%). A evidência de infecção aguda nas gestantes foi similar tanto pela avidez de IgG (2,4% ao ano) como pela análise estatística de tendência (teste χ2) por faixa etária (2% ao ano), sugerindo que a triagem sorológica pré-natal e a vigilância epidemiológica são imprescindíveis para redução do risco da toxoplasmose na região, embora sem evidência de surto epidêmico.
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