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Sales ÉB, Fonseca AA, Gonçalves CM, Lage AP, Andrade GI, Suffys PN, Gomes HM, Dias NL, Ferreira Neto JS, Guimarães AMDS, Heinemann MB. Multispacer Sequence Typing for Mycobacterium bovis Genotyping. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:666283. [PMID: 33981748 PMCID: PMC8107269 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.666283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis, which causes bovine tuberculosis, can be accomplished by combining different polymorphic markers, contributing to its epidemiological investigation. Multispacer sequence typing (MST) is a sequencing-based method that employs intergenic regions susceptible to higher mutation rates given the low selection pressure. It has been applied to M. tuberculosis, but not to M. bovis. The aim of this study was to evaluate a MST for M. bovis. A total of 58 strains isolated from tissues with lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis, coming from cattle herds in six Brazilian states and four standard samples of M. bovis were typified employing the MST technique. Fourteen intergenic regions were used, and four types of genetic events were reported: single nucleotide mutation (SNP), insertion, deletion, and tandem repeat (TR). Seven loci were chosen for typing. Twenty-eight type sequences (ST) were identified, indicating type sequences (ST) were identified, indicating a 92.9% HGDI (Hunter Gaston Discriminatory Index). The data were used to analyze the evolutionary patterns of these isolates and correlate them to phylogeographic lineages based on the formation of clonal complexes generated from eBURST software. Later, we associated the MST with spoligotyping technique, currently considered the gold standard for classification of M. bovis. The results support the MST as an alternative method for genotyping of M. bovis. The method has the advantage of sequencing and the availability of sequences analyzed in public databases, which can be used by professionals around the world as a tool for further analysis. This was the first study to identify the variability of isolates of M. bovis by the MST method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Bravo Sales
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto Fonseca
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Pereira Lage
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Ivo Andrade
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natanael Lamas Dias
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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2
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Conceição EC, Salvato RS, Gomes KM, Guimarães AEDS, da Conceição ML, Souza e Guimarães RJDP, Sharma A, Furlaneto IP, Barcellos RB, Bollela VR, Anselmo LMP, Sisco MC, Niero CV, Ferrazoli L, Refrégier G, Lourenço MCDS, Gomes HM, de Brito AC, Catanho M, Duarte RS, Suffys PN, Lima KVB. Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Brazil before the whole genome sequencing era: a literature review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e200517. [PMID: 33729319 PMCID: PMC7976556 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular-typing can help in unraveling epidemiological scenarios and improvement for disease control strategies. A literature review of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in Brazil through genotyping on 56 studies published from 1996-2019 was performed. The clustering rate for mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units - variable tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) of 1,613 isolates were: 73%, 33% and 28% based on 12, 15 and 24-loci, respectively; while for RFLP-IS6110 were: 84% among prison population in Rio de Janeiro, 69% among multidrug-resistant isolates in Rio Grande do Sul, and 56.2% in general population in São Paulo. These findings could improve tuberculosis (TB) surveillance and set up a solid basis to build a database of Mycobacterium genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilyn Costa Conceição
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia
Evandro Chagas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pesquisa Clínica e Doenças Infecciosas,
Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia
Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Bioensaios em Micobactérias, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Richard Steiner Salvato
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual
de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Karen Machado Gomes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública
Sergio Arouca, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Laboratório de Referência
Nacional para Tuberculose e outras Micobacterioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Arthur Emil dos Santos Guimarães
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e
da Saúde, Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia,
Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - Marília Lima da Conceição
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e
da Saúde, Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia,
Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Abhinav Sharma
- International Institute of Information Technology, Department of
Data Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Regina Bones Barcellos
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual
de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Valdes Roberto Bollela
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica da
Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Lívia Maria Pala Anselmo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica da
Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Carolina Sisco
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia
Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cristina Viana Niero
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Microbiologia,
Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Lucilaine Ferrazoli
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de
Tuberculose e Micobacterioses, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Guislaine Refrégier
- Universit e Paris-Saclay, Ecologie Systematique Evolution, Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France
| | - Maria Cristina da Silva Lourenço
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia
Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Bioensaios em Micobactérias, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Harrison Magdinier Gomes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Artemir Coelho de Brito
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças de Transmissão
Respiratória de Condições Crônicas, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Marcos Catanho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rafael Silva Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia
Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Philip Noel Suffys
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório
de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Karla Valéria Batista Lima
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e
da Saúde, Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia,
Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
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3
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Lopes BC, Dos Reis EM, de Bitencourt FBR, Loiko MR, Bezerra AVA, Bueno TS, Lape IT, Cerva C, Coppola MDM, Rodrigues RO, Vargas JE, Bertagnolli AC, Mayer FQ. A molecular strategy to optimize bovine tuberculosis post-mortem diagnosis and the exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7291-7296. [PMID: 32783088 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis, for which the definitive diagnosis is accomplished by bacterial isolation, which has biosafety issues and requires long time. Thus, diagnostic methods with potential to be faster and more efficient can represent an advance in bTB epidemiological knowledge and decrease exposure to M. tuberculosis var. bovis. This study aimed to validate a molecular test for bTB post-mortem diagnosis, as a strategy to reduce waste in bovine production. A total of 185 tissues from animals of infected herds or with suspected lesions at abattoir were evaluated through bacterial isolation, PCR and histopathology. PCR and histopathology showed sensitivities of 45.1% and 71.2%, respectively, and specificities of 83.3% and 83.0%, respectively, when compared to bacterial isolation. The combination of both tests resulted in enhanced specificity and positive predictive values.Therefore, PCR in conjunction with histopathology may be used as screening, in which concordant results can be considered conclusive, and discordant results may be submitted to bacterial isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Correa Lopes
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Emily Marques Dos Reis
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bastos Rubin de Bitencourt
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Loiko
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Feevale - Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, RS-239, 2755, Brazil
| | - André Vinícius Andrade Bezerra
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thais Silveira Bueno
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isadora Tadeval Lape
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division - Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, BRLMC312, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cristine Cerva
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mário de Menezes Coppola
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rogério Oliveira Rodrigues
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Vargas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituo de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angélica Cavalheiro Bertagnolli
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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4
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Figueiredo Rocha VC, de Souza-Filho AF, Ikuta CY, Hildebrand E Grisi Filho JH, de Azevedo Issa M, Coelho Mota PMP, de Juan Ferré L, Rodríguez LD, Martínez BR, Heinemann MB, Ferreira Neto JS. High discrimination of Mycobacterium bovis isolates in Brazilian herds by spoligotyping. Prev Vet Med 2020; 179:104976. [PMID: 32361639 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), that leads to economic losses in infected herds and it is also considered an important zoonosis. The molecular typing methods of M. bovis isolates are fundamental for the bovine tuberculosis surveillance system, and spoligotyping is the standard genotyping technique for this species. Thus, the aim of the present study is to analyze the spatial and cluster distribution of M. bovis strains from several regions of Brazil through molecular typing. Spoligotyping technique was applied on 422 isolates identified as M. bovis, and Ripley's K function was used to perform the spatial and cluster analysis of each identified profile. Forty-three (43) different profiles were identified and spoligotype SB0121 was the most frequent and showed a uniform pattern in the spatial distribution while spoligotypes SB0295, SB1380 and SB1050 formed clusters. In addition, three novel spoligotype profiles (SB2361, SB2362, SB2364) were identified in different herds. In this perspective, it is believed that molecular identification and typing can significantly improve the performance of surveillance systems for bovine tuberculosis in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cassia Yumi Ikuta
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marina de Azevedo Issa
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Moacyr Pinto Coelho Mota
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lúcia de Juan Ferré
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Romero Martínez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, São Paulo, Brazil.
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5
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Ramos JM, Heinemann MB, Ferreira Neto JS, Souza Filho AFD, Cárdenas NC, Dantas AFM, Alves CJ, Azevedo SSD. Isolation and identification of Mycobacterium bovis in bovines with positive reaction to the tuberculin test in the state of Paraíba, northeast Brazil. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000842016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: In areas where human tuberculosis and bovine tuberculosis coexist, differentiation between M. bovis and M. tuberculosis is important for monitoring the spread of M. bovis among cattle and from cattle to humans. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify M. bovis in bovines with positive diagnosis identified on tuberculin test in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Thirty-two bovines that tested positive in the comparative tuberculin test were used, from which samples of any organ with lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were collected, as well as lymph nodes, when no gross lesions were observed. Samples were submitted to histopathological exam, mycobacterial culture, Ziehl-Neelsen staining and molecular diagnosis. Twenty-one (65.6%) animals presented lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. As to body region 77.7% of lesions were found in the thoracic cavity, 12.4% in the head and 9.9% in the abdominal cavity. Among 55 samples submitted to mycobacterial culture, mycobacteria were isolated in 31 (56.4%), being 13 (41.9%) identified as M. bovis and 18 (58.1%) as Mycobacterium spp. Conclusion is that isolation and identification of M. bovis and Mycobacterium spp. in cattle suggests that humans are exposed to the risk of infection. This reinforces the need for intensification and optimization of prevention and control measures foreseen in the Brazilian National Program for the Control and Eradication of Bovine Brucellosis and Tuberculosis. Mycobacteria isolation and identification surveys are, therefore, encouraged in other Northeastern states.
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6
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Nuñez-Garcia J, Downs SH, Parry JE, Abernethy DA, Broughan JM, Cameron AR, Cook AJ, de la Rua-Domenech R, Goodchild AV, Gunn J, More SJ, Rhodes S, Rolfe S, Sharp M, Upton PA, Vordermeier HM, Watson E, Welsh M, Whelan AO, Woolliams JA, Clifton-Hadley RS, Greiner M. Meta-analyses of the sensitivity and specificity of ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis in the UK and Ireland. Prev Vet Med 2017; 153:94-107. [PMID: 28347519 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle is a global health problem and eradication of the disease requires accurate estimates of diagnostic test performance to optimize their efficiency. The objective of this study was, through statistical meta-analyses, to obtain estimates of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), for 14 different ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnostic tests for bTB in cattle. Using data from a systematic review of the scientific literature (published 1934-2009) diagnostic Se and Sp were estimated using Bayesian logistic regression models adjusting for confounding factors. Random effect terms were used to account for unexplained heterogeneity. Parameters in the models were implemented using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), and posterior distributions for the diagnostic parameters with adjustment for covariates (confounding factors) were obtained using the inverse logit function. Estimates for Se and/or Sp of the tuberculin skin tests and the IFN-γ blood test were compared with estimates published 2010-2015. Median Se for the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin skin (SICCT) test (standard interpretation) was 0.50 and Bayesian credible intervals (CrI) were wide (95% CrI 0.26, 0.78). Median Sp for the SICCT test was 1.00 (95% CrI 0.99, 1.00). Estimates for the IFN-γ blood test Bovine Purified Protein Derivative (PPD)-Avian PPD and Early Secreted Antigen target 6 and Culture Filtrate Protein 10 (ESAT-6/CFP10) ESAT6/CFP10 were 0.67 (95% CrI 0.49, 0.82) and 0.78 (95% CrI 0.60, 0.90) respectively for Se, and 0.98 (95% CrI 0.96, 0.99) and 0.99 (95% CrI 0.99, 1.00) for Sp. The study provides an overview of the accuracy of a range of contemporary diagnostic tests for bTB in cattle. Better understanding of diagnostic test performance is essential for the design of effective control strategies and their evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Nuñez-Garcia
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Sara H Downs
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
| | - Jessica E Parry
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Darrell A Abernethy
- Veterinary Service, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Belfast BT4 3SB, United Kingdom; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jennifer M Broughan
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Angus R Cameron
- AusVet Animal Health Services Pty Ltd., PO Box 3180, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia
| | - Alasdair J Cook
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Department of Veterinary Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo de la Rua-Domenech
- Advice Services, APHA, and Bovine Tuberculosis Programme, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London SW1P 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony V Goodchild
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Gunn
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J More
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shelley Rhodes
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rolfe
- Office of the Chief Veterinary Officer, Welsh Government, Cardiff CF10 3NQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sharp
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Upton
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - H Martin Vordermeier
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Eamon Watson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; National Milk Laboratories, Wiltshire SN15 1BN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Welsh
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast BT4 3SD, United Kingdom; CSO SISAF Ltd., Northern Ireland Science Park, Unit 15A The Innovation Centre, Belfast BT3 9DT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam O Whelan
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Microbiology, Dstl, Porton Down, SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - John A Woolliams
- The Roslin Institute, Roslin Biocentre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthias Greiner
- Federal Institute for Risk assessment (BfR), D-10589 Berlin, and Veterinary University Hannover, Foundation, Germany
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7
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Evaluation of the efficiency of nested q-PCR in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex directly from tuberculosis-suspected lesions in post-mortem macroscopic inspections of bovine carcasses slaughtered in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Meat Sci 2015; 106:11-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Ramos DF, Silva ABS, Fagundes MQ, von Groll A, da Silva PEA, Dellagostin OA. Molecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis isolated in the south of Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:657-60. [PMID: 25242955 PMCID: PMC4166296 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a major infectious disease of the cattle. In this study, 85 M. bovis isolates from 162 lymph nodes, obtained from a herd of cattle on a farm in southern Brazil, were evaluated using spoligotyping and VNTR. The strains were grouped into five clusters and five orphans, showing a heterogenic genetic profile, what could represent diverse geographic origins of the introduced cows and/or the frequent movement of cattle between different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fernandes Ramos
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Universidade Federal de Pelotas PelotasRS Brazil Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Bárbara Scholante Silva
- Laboratório de Micobactérias Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Rio GrandeRS Brazil Laboratório de Micobactérias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Michel Quevedo Fagundes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Universidade Federal de Pelotas PelotasRS Brazil Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea von Groll
- Laboratório de Micobactérias Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Rio GrandeRS Brazil Laboratório de Micobactérias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
- Laboratório de Micobactérias Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Rio GrandeRS Brazil Laboratório de Micobactérias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Universidade Federal de Pelotas PelotasRS Brazil Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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9
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Ramos DF, Tavares L, da Silva PEA, Dellagostin OA. Molecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis isolates: a review. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:365-72. [PMID: 25242917 PMCID: PMC4166258 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is the main causative agent of animal tuberculosis (TB) and it may cause TB in humans. Molecular typing of M. bovis isolates provides precise epidemiological data on issues of inter- or intra-herd transmission and wildlife reservoirs. Techniques used for typing M. bovis have evolved over the last 2 decades, and PCR-based methods such as spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) have been extensively used. These techniques can provide epidemiological information about isolates of M. Bovis that may help control bovine TB by indicating possible links between diseased animals, detecting and sampling outbreaks, and even demonstrating cases of laboratory cross-contamination between samples. This review will focus on techniques used for the molecular typing of M. bovis and discuss their general aspects and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fernandes Ramos
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia Universidade Federal de Pelotas PelotasRS Brazil Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Tavares
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia Universidade Federal de Pelotas PelotasRS Brazil Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Rio GrandeRS Brazil Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia Universidade Federal de Pelotas PelotasRS Brazil Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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do Rosário TR, Dib CC, Roxo E, Pinheiro SR, Vasconcellos SA, Benites NR. Thin layer microcolony culture associated with PCR for early identification of Mycobacterium bovis. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:225-30. [PMID: 24948936 PMCID: PMC4059301 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial growth of mycobacteria from 49 samples of cattle and buffalo organs collected in commercial slaughterhouses was compared between modified Middlebrook 7H11 thin layer microcolony culture and Stonebrink medium used in the isolation of Mycobacterium bovis. Aliquots were decontaminated by Petroff's method, processed and cultured in both media. The identity of the acid-fast bacilli stained by Ziehl-Neelsen was confirmed by PCR. Optical microscopy showed that results of the early observation of Mycobacterium bovis colonies in thin layer culture were similar to those obtained in macroscopic observation of the colonies in Stonebrink medium. However, early observation of the colonies enabled early confirmation by PCR, given the shorter time to the visualization of colonies when thin layer culture was used (between the 12(nd) and 25(th) day of culture).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Corsi Dib
- Laboratório de Tuberculose Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Animal Instituto Biológico de São Paulo São PauloSP Brazil
| | - Eliana Roxo
- Laboratório de Tuberculose Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Animal Instituto Biológico de São Paulo São PauloSP Brazil
| | - Sônia Regina Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Nilson Roberti Benites
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
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11
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Alzamora Filho F, Vasconcellos SE, Gomes HM, Cavalcante MP, Suffys PN, Costa JN. Múltiplas estirpes de isolados de Mycobacteriumbovis identificados por tipagem molecular em bovinos abatidos em matadouros-frigoríficos. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi utilizar métodos bacteriológicos e moleculares para a identificação do Mycobacteriumbovis em lesões observadas em carcaças de bovinos durante a inspeção postmortem de rotina em matadouros-frigoríficos com serviço de inspeção oficial. Foi acompanhado o abate e a inspeção de 825.394 bovinos, sadios ao exame ante mortem pelo serviço de inspeção oficial em dez matadouros-frigoríficos do estado da Bahia. Carcaça de 180 bovinos apresentaram lesões sugestivas de tuberculose e por outras linfadenites. No isolamento bacteriano, 25 amostras apresentaram crescimento disgônico de colônias de coloração creme-amareladas em meio de cultura Stonebrink-Leslie. Desses isolados, 14 foram identificados como M. bovis PCR multiplex e pela técnica do spoligotyping foram discriminados oito diferentes espoligotipos do M. bovis, sendo sete descritos na literatura e um novo spoligotipo sem descrição anterior. O espoligotipo majoritário foi o SB0121, com cinco amostras, sendo descrito no Brasil e em outros países, seguidos por dois clusters, SB295 e SB1055, com dois isolados cada. O espoligotipo SB1145 e SB1648 foram referidos apenas no Brasil e Dinamarca, respectivamente. O espoligotipo SB140 já foi encontrado no Brasil, Argentina, Uruguai e Paraguai. Estes resultados demonstram que os espoligotipos obtidos são compartilhados, até o momento, entre estados brasileiros e entre países da América Latina e Europa. Sendo assim, a discriminação molecular de isolados de M. bovis através do Spoligotyping constitui-se numa ferramenta para estudos epidemiológicos da tuberculose bovina no Estado da Bahia.
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Rocha VCF, de Figueiredo SC, Rosales CAR, de Hildebrand e Grisi Filho JH, Keid LB, Soares RM, Ferreira Neto JS. Molecular discrimination of Mycobacterium bovis in São Paulo, Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012. [PMID: 23199273 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is the most common agent of cattle tuberculosis, a zoonosis that causes losses in meat and milk production in several countries. In order to support epidemiological studies aimed at controlling the disease, several methods for molecular discrimination of M. bovis isolates have recently been developed. The most frequently used are spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping), mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU), and exact tandem repeat (ETR), but they all have different discriminatory power. In the present study, allelic diversity was calculated for each MIRU and ETR locus, and the Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index (HGI) was calculated for spoligotyping, 10 MIRUs, and 3 ETRs, in 116 isolates of M. bovis obtained from cattle. The analysis of allelic diversity indicated that MIRUs 16, 26, and 27, and ETRs A, B, and C, showed the greatest diversity between the assayed loci. The HGIs for each of the techniques were: spoligotyping=0.738381; MIRU=0.829835; and ETR=0.825337. The associations of the methods' improved discriminatory power were: spoligotyping+MIRU=0.930585; spoligotyping+ETR=0.931034; and MIRU+ETR=0.953373. The greatest discriminatory power was obtained when the three techniques were associated (HGI=0.98051). Considering the analyses of the present study, spoligotyping should be the first method to be used because it differentiates M. bovis from the other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. As the associations of MIRU and ETR with spoligotyping resulted in nearly identical HGIs, ETR seems to be the best choice after spoligotyping, because it is faster and more economical than MIRU. Finally, MIRU should be the last method used. In spite of this finding, the choice of the method used should be based on the discriminatory power necessary for the objective at hand.
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Parreiras PM, Andrade GI, Nascimento TDFD, Oelemann MC, Gomes HM, Alencar APD, Assis RAD, Mota PMPC, Pereira MADS, Lobato FCF, Lage AP, Suffys PN. Spoligotyping and variable number tandem repeat analysis of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from cattle in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:64-73. [PMID: 22310537 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed spoligotyping and 12-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTRs) typing to characterise Mycobacterium bovis isolates collected from tissue samples of bovines with lesions suggestive for tuberculosis during slaughter inspection procedures in abattoirs in Brazil. High-quality genotypes were obtained with both procedures for 61 isolates that were obtained from 185 bovine tissue samples and all of these isolates were identified as M. bovis by conventional identification procedures. On the basis of the spoligotyping, 53 isolates were grouped into nine clusters and the remaining eight isolates were unique types, resulting in 17 spoligotypes. The majority of the Brazilian M. bovis isolates displayed spoligotype patterns that have been previously observed in strains isolated from cattle in other countries. MIRU-VNTR typing produced 16 distinct genotypes, with 53 isolates forming eight of the groups, and individual isolates with unique VNTR profiles forming the remaining eight groups. The allelic diversity of each VNTR locus was calculated and only two of the 12-MIRU-VNTR loci presented scores with either a moderate (0.4, MIRU16) or high (0.6, MIRU26) discriminatory index (h). Both typing methods produced similar discriminatory indexes (spoligotyping h = 0.85; MIRU-VNTR h = 0.86) and the combination of the two methods increased the h value to 0.94, resulting in 29 distinct patterns. These results confirm that spoligotyping and VNTR analysis are valuable tools for studying the molecular epidemiology of M. bovis infections in Brazil.
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Medeiros LDS, Marassi CD, Figueiredo EES, Lilenbaum W. Potential application of new diagnostic methods for controlling bovine tuberculosis in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:531-41. [PMID: 24031527 PMCID: PMC3768653 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822010005000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis, a chronic infection in cattle caused by Mycobacterium bovis, remains an economic and public health problem for several countries. Due to its economic impact on international trade, contagious nature, and implications for human health, global programs to eradicate the disease were implemented worldwide. Those programs are based on slaughtering PPD-reactive animals. Despite the National Programs in Brazil, complete eradication has not been achieved, and the disease remains, albeit at a lower prevalence. The central purpose of this review is to address diagnostic tests for tuberculosis. Considering the course of the infection in cattle, at least two tests, ideally complementary to one another, may be necessary for an adequate diagnosis: the first based on the cellular response, and the second capable of identifying anergic animals by detection of specific anti-M.bovis antibodies.
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Costa A, Silva N, Rocha V, Rosales Rodriguez C, Estrela-Lima A, Moreira E, Madruga C, Arruda S, Ferreira Neto J, Silva M, Oliveira EDD. TIPIFICAÇÃO GENÉTICA, ATRAVÉS DA TÉCNICA DE SPOLIGOTYPING, DE ISOLADOS DE MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS EM ANIMAIS ABATIDOS NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE SALVADOR, BAHIA, BRASIL. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v77p2332010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A tuberculose é uma enfermidade infecciosa crônica, que afeta mamíferos e aves e constitui um sério problema de saúde pública e animal. Objetivando realizar um levantamento molecular da enfermidade em bovinos abatidos em matadouros frigoríficos no Estado da Bahia, Brasil, foram analisadas as lesões pulmonares e de linfonodos mediastínicos de 43 carcaças de animais abatidos em três matadouros-frigoríficos localizados na Região Metropolitana de Salvador, Bahia. Sete isolados de Mycobacterium bovis foram identificados, através da técnica do spolygotyping, e discriminados em três diferentes espoligotipos (SB1055, SB0120 e SB0268) descritos no Brasil e em diversas áreas do mundo. Os resultados indicam que o método de diagnóstico utilizado pode contribuir para a criação de uma base de dados para o estudo epidemiológico da tuberculose bovina no Estado da Bahia.
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16
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Cardoso MA, Cardoso RF, Hirata RDC, Hirata MH, Leite CQF, Santos ACB, Siqueira VLD, Okano W, Rocha NS, Lonardoni MVC. Direct detection of Mycobacterium bovis in bovine lymph nodes by PCR. Zoonoses Public Health 2009; 56:465-70. [PMID: 19175568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-five lymph node samples were taken from animals with macroscopic lesions consistent with Mycobacterium bovis infection. The animals were identified by postmortem examination in an abattoir in the northwestern region of state of Paraná, Brazil. Twenty-two of the animals had previously been found to be tuberculin skin test positive. Tissue samples were decontaminated by Petroff's method and processed for acid-fast bacilli staining, culture in Stonebrink and Lowenstein-Jensen media and DNA extraction. Lymph node DNA samples were amplified by PCR in the absence and presence (inhibitor controls) of DNA extracted from M. bovis culture. Mycobacterium bovis was identified in 14 (42.4%) lymph node samples by both PCR and by culture. The frequency of PCR-positive results (54.5%) was similar to that of culture-positive results (51.5%, P > 0.05). The percentage of PCR-positive lymph nodes increased from 39.4% (13/33) to 54.5% (18/33) when samples that were initially PCR-negative were reanalysed using 2.5 microl DNA (two samples) and 1 : 2 diluted DNA (three samples). PCR sensitivity was affected by inhibitors and by the amount of DNA in the clinical samples. Our results indicate that direct detection of M. bovis in lymph nodes by PCR may be a fast and useful tool for bovine tuberculosis epidemic management in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Cardoso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, State University of Maringa, Paraná, Brazil
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Nassar AFC, Miyashiro S, Oliveira CG, Pacheco WA, Ogata RA. Isolation and identification of bovine tuberculosis in a Brazilian herd (São Paulo). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 102:639-42. [PMID: 17710311 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007005000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium was verified in animals from a Brazilian dairy herd, a total of 42 samples from 30 cows were submitted to culture and the isolated strains were analyzed by two polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the first specific for species belonging to the Mycobacterium complex (MTBC) and the other for differentiating M. tuberculosis from M. bovis. Twenty seven samples (64.3%) from 18 animals (60%) were positive for mycobacteria by culture, including samples from 15 retrofaryngeal lymphnodes (55.5%), 9 prescapular lymphnodes (33.3%), 2 lungs (7.4%), and 1 liver (3.7%). All isolated colonies were confirmed by PCR to contain MTBC organisms, and were identified as M. bovis by the same methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F C Nassar
- Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, 04014-002, Brasil.
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18
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Development of a molecular diagnostic test applied to experimental abattoir surveillance on bovine tuberculosis. Vet Microbiol 2007; 127:315-24. [PMID: 17954014 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the most essential systems applied to the eradication of bovine tuberculosis by Mycobacterium bovis is the epidemiologic surveillance of animals slaughtered in abattoir by means of inspection and sample taking of lesions compatible with tuberculosis, confirming the existence of the disease through culture and molecular detection, which takes weeks before a result can be obtained. An interesting alternative is to develop high-throughput molecular systems for the direct detection of M. bovis on biological samples. In this sense, our research has developed a molecular detection system by means of a real-time based PCR process which is applied directly to bovine biological samples and it allows to differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium avium complex and other atypical mycobacteria that are interesting from the veterinary point of view. The sensitivity was analyzed by applying a conventional extraction system based on guanidine thiocyanate and a robotized system based on the selective magnetic capture of mycobacterial DNA. The molecular detection system showed a high specificity and a detection threshold of only two to three genomes. The sensitivity depended on the DNA extraction system being used and on the kind of lesions on which it was used; the sensitivity ranged from 61.11% for samples with non-visible lesions to 80.64% for chronic lesions, with an average sensitivity of 73.87% when using the manual extraction system and between 27.77 and 74.19% (average sensitivity 47.74%) when using the automated robotic system. In conclusion, our multiplex real-time PCR assay represents a fully controlled, high-throughput diagnostic tool for the rapid detection of Myobacterium presence directly in animal clinical specimens, which could be a practical tool in the context of bovine tuberculosis abattoir surveillance programs and granuloma submission programs.
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Taylor GM, Worth DR, Palmer S, Jahans K, Hewinson RG. Rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis DNA in cattle lymph nodes with visible lesions using PCR. BMC Vet Res 2007; 3:12. [PMID: 17567891 PMCID: PMC1904440 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-3-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have evaluated a sensitive screening assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex organisms and a specific assay for detecting Mycobacterium bovis DNA in lymph nodes taken from cattle with evidence of bovine tuberculosis. Underlying these series of experiments was the need for a versatile DNA extraction protocol which could handle tissue samples and with the potential for automation. The target for the screening assay was the multi-copy insertion element IS1081, present in 6 copies in the MTB complex. For confirmation of M. bovis we used primers flanking a specific deletion in the genome of M. bovis known as region of difference 4 (RD4). The sensitivity and specificity of these PCRs has been tested on genomic DNA from MTB complex reference strains, mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT), spiked samples and on clinical material. Results The minimum detection limits of the IS1081 method was < I genome copy and for the RD4 PCR was 5 genome copies. Both methods can be readily adapted for quantitative PCR with the use of SYBR Green intercalating dye on the RotorGene 3000 platform (Corbett Research). Initial testing of field samples of bovine lymph nodes with visible lesions (VL, n = 109) highlighted two shortfalls of the molecular approach. Firstly, comparison of IS1081 PCR with the "gold standard" of culture showed a sensitivity of approximately 70%. The sensitivity of the RD4 PCR method was 50%. Secondly, the success rate of spoligotyping applied directly to clinical material was 51% compared with cultures. A series of further experiments indicated that the discrepancy between sensitivity of detection found with purified mycobacterial DNA and direct testing of field samples was due to limited mycobacterial DNA recovery from tissue homogenates rather than PCR inhibition. The resilient mycobacterial cell wall, the presence of tissue debris and the paucibacillary nature of some cattle VL tissue may all contribute to this observation. Any of these factors may restrict application of other more discriminant typing methods. A simple means of increasing the efficiency of mycobacterial DNA recovery was assessed using a further pool of 95 cattle VL. Following modification of the extraction protocol, detection rate with the IS1081 and RD4 methods increased to 91% and 59% respectively. Conclusion The IS1081 PCR is a realistic screening method for rapid identification of positive cases but the sensitivity of single copy methods, like RD4 and also of spoligotyping will need to be improved to make these applicable for direct testing of tissue extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Michael Taylor
- Centre for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flowers Building, Imperial College, Armstrong Road, London SW7 4AZ, UK
| | - Danny R Worth
- TB Diagnostic Section, Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Si Palmer
- TB Diagnostic Section, Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Keith Jahans
- TB Diagnostic Section, Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - R Glyn Hewinson
- TB Diagnostic Section, Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
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Meikle V, Schneider M, Azenzo G, Zumárraga M, Magnano G, Cataldi A. Individual Animals of a Cattle Herd Infected with the Same Mycobacterium bovis Genotype Shows Important Variations in Bacteriological, Histopathological and Immune Response Parameters. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54:86-93. [PMID: 17348912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cattle are the host and main reservoir of the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis; although other mammalian species, including humans, are susceptible. The tuberculin test and/or slaughterhouse surveillance is the diagnostic method used by control programs all around the world to control and eradicate the disease. In order to compare different tuberculosis diagnostic tests and to reach disease confirmation, a study was performed in a group of 14 steers of Friesian breed, reacting positively to tuberculin test. Three ante-mortem assays were performed according to the type of sample: the gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) test (which quantifies the release of this cytokine by sensitized lymphocytes in whole blood in response to purified protein derivative (PPD) and recombinant ESAT-6 and CFP10 proteins); PCR and bacteriologic culture from nasal swab and intradermal tuberculin test. These assays were taken at different times to assess the evolution of clinical parameters. Post-mortem examination showed macroscopic and microscopic tuberculosis lesions with acid-fast bacillus and positive cultures. By spoligotyping, we observed that all the isolates showed the same pattern. The positive results based on comparison to lesions observed ranged from 58% to 75% for the IFN-gamma assays, to 72% for cultures, and ranged from 50% to 90% for PCR in nasal swabs. In conclusion, in a herd infected by the same strain, ante-mortem direct and immune-diagnostic parameters change, suggesting that several tests are needed for a faster control of infection at herd level.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Meikle
- Instituto de Biotecnología. CNIA-INTA, Castelar, Argentina
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Ruggiero A, Ikuno A, Ferreira V, Roxo E. TUBERCULOSE BOVINA: ALTERNATIVAS PARA O DIAGNÓSTICO. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v74p0552007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A tuberculose é uma das principais preocupações da Organização Mundial da Saúde, especialmente após o surgimento da AIDS e do aumento da multidroga resistência, sendo considerada a principal causa de morte por um único agente. Além do Mycobaterium tuberculosis, principal responsável pela doença em humanos, outra manifestação de importância epidemiológica é a infecção causada pelo Mycobaterium bovis, devido à transmissão ao homem, especialmente, pela ingestão de alimentos contaminados, e à escassez de dados relacionados a sua prevalência na população. Em várias partes do mundo existem programas de controle da doença nos bovinos, fundamentados na identificação por teste tuberculínico e na eliminação dos animais positivos. As lesões encontradas em exames post-mortem podem ser confirmadas através do isolamento e identificação do agente, porém esse procedimento pode demandar meses para a sua conclusão, razão pela qual, para reduzir o tempo de diagnóstico, novos métodos moleculares são propostos. Para proporcionar uma visão atualizada sobre os esforços no combate da tuberculose bovina, sobre os resultados das campanhas de controle e erradicação e sobre os métodos recentes disponíveis para diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina, como o PCR, neste trabalho é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica, ressaltando as vantagens e dificuldades para o emprego dos ensaios para diagnóstico e a possibilidade de sua utilização em escala. Concluímos que apesar dos avanços alcançados, ainda não se tem disponível, para a rotina laboratorial, um ensaio sensível, reprodutível e rápido para o diagnóstico da tuberculose em bovinos, sendo essencial esforço e investimento em pesquisas para a solução desse ponto crítico no combate à enfermidade.
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Viana-Niero C, Rodriguez CAR, Bigi F, Zanini MS, Ferreira-Neto JS, Cataldi A, Leão SC. Identification of an IS6110 insertion site in plcD, the unique phospholipase C gene of Mycobacterium bovis. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:451-457. [PMID: 16533994 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The IS6110 repetitive element is present in multiple copies in most Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria, except for Mycobacterium bovis strains, which usually contain a single copy of IS6110 located on a 1·9 kb PvuII fragment of the direct repeat region. IS6110 transposition can disrupt coding regions and is a major force of genomic variation. In a previous work it was demonstrated that phospholipase C genes are preferential loci for IS6110 transposition in M. tuberculosis clinical strains. Bacterial phospholipase C enzymes participate in pathogenic mechanisms used by different organisms, and have been implicated in intracellular survival, cytolysis and cell-to-cell spread. Four phospholipase C genes (plcA, plcB, plcC and plcD) were detected in the genomes of M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium microti and ‘Mycobacterium canettii’. M. bovis and the vaccine strain M. bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin contain only the plcD gene. In the present work, the existence of IS6110 insertions within plcD, the unique phospholipase C gene of M. bovis, has been investigated by PCR, Southern blot hybridization and sequencing analysis. In 18 (7·3 %) of 245 isolates analysed, the plcD gene was interrupted by the insertion of one copy of IS6110, which in all cases was transposed in the same orientation and at the same position, 1 972 894, relative to the genome of M. bovis AF2122/97. These 18 isolates were distributed in 6 different spoligotype patterns and contained 4 to 8 IS6110 copies. In contrast, strains showing an intact plcD gene contained one (87 %), two (9·4 %) or three (2·4 %) IS6110 copies, and only a single isolate (1·2 %) had four IS6110 copies. The implications of plcD gene disruption in M. bovis have not been fully investigated, but no differences in the organ distribution of the disease were detected when animals infected with strains from the same spoligotype patterns bearing plcD : : IS6110 and intact plcD were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Viana-Niero
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862 3° andar, São Paulo, CEP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Cesar Alejandro Rosales Rodriguez
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola del CICVyA - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Santos Zanini
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, PO Box 16, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - José Soares Ferreira-Neto
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Angel Cataldi
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola del CICVyA - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sylvia Cardoso Leão
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862 3° andar, São Paulo, CEP 04023-062, Brazil
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23
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de Kantor IN, Ritacco V. An update on bovine tuberculosis programmes in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Vet Microbiol 2006; 112:111-8. [PMID: 16310980 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Of the approximately 374 million cattle in Latin America and the Caribbean, 70% are held in areas where rates of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle are higher than 1%. The remaining 30% are in countries where infection affects less than 1% of cattle, including 62 million in countries where bovine tuberculosis infection is virtually nil. Measures for controlling bovine tuberculosis are partially or extensively applied in most of the countries in the Region. These measures are based on test and slaughter, notification, post-mortem inspection and surveillance in slaughterhouses. A coordinated production, standardization and quality control of purified protein derivatives is urgently required for use in control and eradication campaigns in order to assure reliability of reagents and comparability of data on tuberculin testing within the Region. On the basis of information from Argentina, M. bovis is estimated to cause 2% of all human cases of tuberculosis in the Region. Slaughterhouse and dairy farms workers are most-frequently infected, with infection occurring via the respiratory tract. Various in vitro assays for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis have been developed and/or assessed in the Region, and DNA fingerprinting has been applied for a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis at the local and regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N de Kantor
- WHO, Member of Panel of Experts in Tuberculosis, Av. Libertador 7504, 16A, 1429 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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24
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Zanini MS, Moreira EC, Salas CE, Lopes MTP, Barouni AS, Roxo E, Telles MA, Zumarraga MJ. Molecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from south-east Brazil by spoligotyping and RFLP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:129-33. [PMID: 15876225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The identification of 163 strains of Mycobacterium bovis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microbiological tests was carried out on 252 tuberculous-like lesions (TLLs) collected from slaughtered cattle in south-east Brazil. This study compared the usefulness of three genotyping techniques, IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), polymorphic guanine-cytosine-rich sequence (PGRS)-RFLP and direct repeat (DR)-spoligotyping, as applied to M. bovis isolates. Based on IS6110-RFLP genotyping we selected a group of 23 isolates containing more than one IS6110 copy, along with 16 samples containing one IS6110 copy from different geographical areas, evenly distributed among dairy (eight) and beef cattle (eight). These selected isolates were analysed by PGRS-RFLP and DR-spoligotyping genotyping. Dairy cattle (17%) display a higher frequency of multiple IS6110 copies than beef cattle (10%). A comparison between the genotype data obtained fails to show a correlation between the main clusters found by the three techniques. However, the clustering of each genotyping procedure revealed that the majority of strains are closely related. The RFLP-PGRS patterns showed a sizable group (20.5%) containing a 5.5 kb fragment and the predominant spoligotype is similar to that from the BCG vaccine strain. Unexpectedly, four strains (2.4%) showed drug resistance to 0.2 microg/ml isoniazid and 20 microg/ml ethionamide, but none of them was resistant to rifampicin or other antibiotics tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Zanini
- Center of Agrarian Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, PO Box 16, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
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Zumárraga MJ, Meikle V, Bernardelli A, Abdala A, Tarabla H, Romano MI, Cataldi A. Use of touch-down polymerase chain reaction to enhance the sensitivity of Mycobacterium bovis detection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2005; 17:232-8. [PMID: 15945378 DOI: 10.1177/104063870501700303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The confirmatory diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in animal samples is carried out by culture in Stonebrink media. However, culture is very slow because of the extremely long duplication time of the bacillus and difficult because of the scarcity of bacilli in diagnostic samples. This study describes the development of a single-tube touch-down polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the detection of M. bovis using primers that target the IS6110 element. Spiked water and milk as well as routine diagnostic samples (milk and nasal swabs) from M. bovis-positive cattle were tested. This protocol allows the rapid and sensitive detection of M. bovis in bovine samples by enhancing the sensitivity of standard PCR amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín J Zumárraga
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA/INTA, Los Reseros y las Cabañas, 1712 Castelar, Argentina
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