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Lombardi LA, Mattos LS, Simões RS, Florencio-Silva R, Simões MDJ, Franco PC, Carbonell AAF, Sasso GRDS, Baracat EC, Soares-Jr JM. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical changes in interstitial cells and ovarian follicles of rats with polycystic ovaries treated with clomiphene citrate. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:554-557. [PMID: 33146055 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1843622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the histomorphometric and immunohistochemical changes in interstitial cells and ovarian follicles of rats treated with clomiphene citrate during and after induction of permanent estrus. METHODS Twenty four adult-female rats with regular estrous cycle were equally divided into three groups: (1) GCtrl-at estrous phase. (2) GPCOS-at permanent-estrous phase. (3) GCC-PCOS rats, which remained exposed to 60 days of continuous illumination and treated with Clomiphene Citrate. After that, the animals were euthanized, and the ovaries were removed and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E. for histomorphometry or subjected to immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 detections. RESULTS The GPCOS showed lack of corpus luteum and several ovarian cysts, as well as interstitial-like cells. The presence of corpus luteum and a significant increase in primary and antral follicles were observed in GCC, which also showed a decrease in the number of ovarian cysts and in the area occupied by interstitial-like cells, as well as a decrease in nuclear volume of interstitial cells. The percentage of cell proliferation was significantly higher in granulosa cells of the GCC. On the other hand, the percentage of apoptosis was significantly higher in the granulosa cells of GPCOS than the GCC. CONCLUSION The ovaries of rats treated with clomiphene citrate showed a decrease in the number of cysts, an increase in the number of ovarian follicles, the presence of corpus luteum along with a decrease in the nuclear volume in the area occupied by interstitial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José Maria Soares-Jr
- Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sex steroid receptors and apoptosis-related proteins are differentially expressed in polycystic ovaries of adult dogs. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Marcondes RR, Carvalho KC, Duarte DC, Garcia N, Amaral VC, Simões MJ, Lo Turco EG, Soares JM, Baracat EC, Maciel GAR. Differences in neonatal exposure to estradiol or testosterone on ovarian function and hormonal levels. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 212:28-33. [PMID: 25623143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to an excess of androgen or estrogen can induce changes in reproductive function in adult animals that resemble polycystic ovary syndrome in humans. However, considerable differences exist among several types of animal models. Little is known about the molecular features of steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in the ovaries of rats exposed to different sex steroids as neonates. Here, we evaluated the impact of androgen and estrogen exposure on the ovaries of adult female rats during their neonatal period in the gene expression of Lhr and Cyp17a1, two key players of steroidogenesis. We also assessed hormone levels, folliculogenesis and the theca-interstitial cell population. The study was performed on the second postnatal day in thirty female Wistar rats that were sorted into the following three intervention groups: testosterone, estradiol and vehicle (control group). The animals were euthanized 90 days after birth. The main outcomes were hormone serum levels, ovary histomorphometry and gene expression of Lhr and Cyp17a1 as analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR. We found that exposure to excess testosterone in early life increased the LH and testosterone serum levels, the LH/FSH ratio, ovarian theca-interstitial area and gene expression of Lhr and Cyp17a1 in adult rats. Estrogen induced an increase in the ovarian theca-interstitial area, the secondary follicle population and gene expression of Lhr and Cyp17a1. All animals exposed to the sex steroids presented with closed vaginas. Our data suggest that testosterone resulted in more pronounced reproductive changes than did estrogen exposure. Our results might provide some insight into the role of different hormones on reproductive development and on the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations of conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo R Marcondes
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kátia C Carvalho
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Duarte
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Garcia
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C Amaral
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel J Simões
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04023900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson G Lo Turco
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Urologia, Setor de Reprodução Humana, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04024002 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M Soares
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmund C Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A R Maciel
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lima GN, Maganhin CC, Simões RS, Baracat MCP, Sasso GRDS, Fuchs LFP, Simões MDJ, Baracat EC, Soares Júnior JM. Steroidogenesis-related gene expression in the rat ovary exposed to melatonin supplementation. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:144-51. [PMID: 25789524 PMCID: PMC4351306 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(02)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze steroidogenesis-related gene expression in the rat ovary exposed to melatonin supplementation. METHODS Thirty-two virgin adult female rats were randomized to two groups as follows: the control group GI received vehicle and the experimental group GII received melatonin supplementation (10 µg/night per animal) for 60 consecutive days. After the treatment, animals were anesthetized and the collected ovaries were immediately placed in liquid nitrogen for complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray analyses. A GeneChip(®) Kit Rat Genome 230 2.0 Affymetrix Array was used for gene analysis and the experiment was repeated three times for each group. The results were normalized with the GeneChip(®) Operating Software program and confirmed through analysis with the secondary deoxyribonucleic acid-Chip Analyzer (dChip) software. The data were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Genes related to ovarian function were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found the upregulation of the type 9 adenylate cyclase and inhibin beta B genes and the downregulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element modulator and cytochrome P450 family 17a1 genes in the ovarian tissue of GII compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that melatonin supplementation decreases gene expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which changes ovarian steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Negro Lima
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine at Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Maganhin
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine at Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cândida Pinheiro Baracat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, (EPM/UNIFESP), Paulista School of Medicine at Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Portugal Fuchs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, (EPM/UNIFESP), Paulista School of Medicine at Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Maria Soares Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Macedo LA, Carbonel AAF, Simões RS, Fuchs LFP, do Amaral VC, Simoncini T, Simões MJS, Baracat EC, Maria Soares J. Effects of metformin on the adrenal cortex of androgenized rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:609-12. [PMID: 26062106 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1019342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sex steroid profile and histomorphometry of the adrenal cortical zones of androgenized rats (wistar) with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin. STUDY DESIGN Thirty animals were divided into three groups: GC (regular estrous cycle), GPE (permanent estrus), and GPEM (permanent estrus + metformin 28 mg/kg for 50 days). At the end of this period, blood was collected for hormone measurement. The width of the adrenal cortical zones and the nuclear volumes were analyzed by histomorphometry. The ANOVA test was used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS The adrenal glands of the androgenized animals were larger and more intensely vascularized than those of the other groups. The concentration of androstenedione in GPE was higher than that in the other groups (0.4 ± 0.1*>= 0.2 ± 0.1 = 0.2 ± 01, *p < 0.05). The width of the zona glomerulosa and of the zona reticularis and their nuclear volumes were greater in GPE compared to those of the other groups (GPE* > GPEM = GC, *p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Metformin treatment may decrease the serum levels of androstenedione as well as the width and the nuclear volumes of the zona glomerulosa and of the zona reticularis in androgenized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Alves Macedo
- a Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural , Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Adriana Aparecida Ferraz Carbonel
- a Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural , Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP , São Paulo , Brazil , and
| | - Luiz Fernando Portugal Fuchs
- b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP , São Paulo , Brazil , and
| | - Vinicius Cestari do Amaral
- b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP , São Paulo , Brazil , and
- c Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- c Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Manuel Jesus Santos Simões
- a Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural , Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP , São Paulo , Brazil , and
| | - José Maria Soares
- b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP , São Paulo , Brazil , and
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