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Caetano KAA, Bergamaschi FPR, Carneiro MAS, Pinheiro RS, Araújo LA, Matos MA, Carvalho PMRS, de Souza MM, de Matos MAD, Del-Rios NHA, Martins RMB, Motta-Castro ARC, Soares CC, Cook RL, Teles SA. Hepatotropic viruses (hepatitis A, B, C, D and E) in a rural Brazilian population: prevalence, genotypes, risk factors and vaccination. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 114:91-98. [PMID: 31608957 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living in settlement projects represent an emergent rural population in Brazil. Data on their health is scarce and there are no data on viral hepatitis in this population. This study investigated the epidemiology of viral hepatitis A-E in residents of settlement projects in central Brazil. METHODS During 2011 and 2012, 923 people living in rural settlements in central Brazil were interviewed and tested to estimate the prevalence of exposure to viral hepatitis A-E, to identify the circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and risk factors for HBV exposure and to evaluate adherence to the hepatitis B vaccination series. RESULTS Overall, 85.9, 3.9, 0.4 and 17.3% of individuals showed evidence of exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus, HCV and HBV, respectively. Among HBV-DNA positive samples (n=8), subgenotypes A1 (n=3) and A2 (n=1) and genotype D/subgenotype D3 (n=4) were identified. Hepatitis D virus superinfection was detected in 0/16 HBsAg-positive participants. A total of 229 individuals showed serological evidence of HBV vaccination. In total, 442 settlers were eligible for vaccination, but only 150 individuals completed the vaccine series. All anti-HCV-positive samples (n=4) were also HCV-RNA positive and identified as subtype 1a. CONCLUSIONS The intermediate endemicity of HAV, the higher prevalence of HBV exposure compared with urban areas and the low compliance with HBV vaccination requires preventive measures focused on rural populations, emphasizing the need for HAV and HBV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlla A A Caetano
- Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, 74605080, Brazil
| | | | - Megmar A S Carneiro
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Pinheiro
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Goias, Goiânia, GO, 74130012, Brazil
| | - Lyriane A Araújo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Goias, Goiânia, GO, 74130012, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Matos
- Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, 74605080, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia M de Souza
- Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, 74605080, Brazil
| | - Márcia A D de Matos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Nativa Helena A Del-Rios
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Regina M B Martins
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita C Motta-Castro
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79080190, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040900, Brazil
| | - Robert L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 100231, USA
| | - Sheila A Teles
- Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, 74605080, Brazil
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Wilches-Gutierrez J, Documet P. What is known about sexual and reproductive health in Latin American and Caribbean mining contexts? A systematic scoping review. Public Health Rev 2018; 39:1. [PMID: 29450102 PMCID: PMC5809854 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-017-0078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has experienced an unprecedented mining boom since the mid-2000s with unknown effects on sexual and reproductive health (SRH). This study takes the essential first steps of summarizing the available literature regarding SRH in mining contexts in LAC, identifying critical gaps in knowledge, and discussing main implications for future research. Methods We conducted a scoping review with a systematic search of health literature in four databases, reference lists of selected papers, and citations in Google Scholar. Results The systematic search yielded 592 primary references and 16 articles from LAC. The 11 papers finally selected were conducted in gold-mining contexts in Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Peru, and Colombia, between 1995 and 2016. Ten studies centered on measuring HIV/STD prevalence among mineworkers and other populations; few examined associated risk factors. Eight studies reported high HIV/STD prevalence in the study population. None of the studies explored broader SRH issues. Conclusions Available research is scarce and provides limited evidence on SRH in LAC mining contexts. Critical gaps include little knowledge on (1) broader SRH impacts besides HIV/STDs, (2) SRH in settings different from gold-mining contexts in Amazon countries, (3) mechanisms shaping SRH in LAC mining contexts, and (4) effective interventions in these scenarios. Future research must consider the distinctive demographic, environmental, socioeconomic, and gender dynamics triggered by the mining economy in the analysis of the relationship between mining and SRH, particularly in a period of extractive boom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Wilches-Gutierrez
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Patricia Documet
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
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Janahi EM. Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus infection in Bahrain, 2000 through 2010. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87599. [PMID: 24498341 PMCID: PMC3911996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection is one of the world's major infectious diseases with about 350 million chronic carriers. Because no data is published on the prevalence and risk factors of this important disease in Bahrain, this article evaluates the available data from 2000 to 2010 to estimate the prevalence of the infection and to evaluate the risk factors. Epidemiologic data on HBV cases were collected from the major hospitals and health centers in Bahrain and statistically analyzed. Over this indicated decade, 877,892 individuals were screened for HBV infection and 5055 positive cases were reported in Bahrain. The prevalence of HBV infection during that period was 0.58%. Although there was no significant difference in the prevalence over the period of 10 years, the actual number of positive cases has almost doubled in the later years especially in 2007 and 2008. The prevalence was significantly higher among males (62.3%; P<0.01). Most cases were associated with non Bahrainis and the prevalence was significantly higher among them (68.3%; P<0.01) than it was among Bahrainis (31.7%). Seventy eight percent (2877/3690) of non Bahraini cases were for citizens of six countries which are highly endemic for HBV, namely India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Philippines, Indonesia and Ethiopia. Dental procedures and surgical operations were the main risk factors of infection as 37.2% and 35.6% of the patients were probably infected through this route. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Bahrain indicates that Bahrain had low HBV endemicity for the last 10 years (2000–2010). Our study verifies the significant role played by expatriates/immigrants in the present epidemiology of hepatitis B in Bahrain. Increasing HBV vaccination of high risk groups, active educational and media campaign, screening HBV infection during pregnancy, and surveillance of hepatitis B infected individuals will further decrease the prevalence of the disease in Bahrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M. Janahi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
- * E-mail:
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Oliveira CSFD, Silva AVE, Santos KND, Fecury AA, Almeida MKCD, Fernandes AP, Costa CAD, Freitas AS, Corvelo TCDO, Martins LC. Hepatitis B and C virus infection among Brazilian Amazon riparians. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Viral hepatitis is a major public health concern in Brazil. There are few past studies on this issue, especially among riparian communities. This study aims at determining the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in the riparian community of Pacuí Island, within the Cametá municipality of Pará State, Brazil. Moreover, this study aims to investigate the principal risk factors that this community is exposed to. METHODS: The current study has accessed blood samples from 181 volunteers who have answered an epidemiological questionnaire. Analyses on serological markers have been tested with commercial ELISA kits for detecting HBsAg, total anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV. Within seroreactive patients for HCV, RT-PCR and line probe assay have been performed to identify the viral genotype. RESULTS: In the serological marker analysis for hepatitis B, no reactivity for HBsAg, rate of 1.1% for total anti-HBc, and rate of 19.3% for anti-HBs have been observed. On hepatitis C, 8.8% seroprevalence has been found, in which 62.5% have gotten viral RNA. Among the risk factors studied, the following have been highlighted: non-use of condoms, sharing of cutting instruments, use of illicit drugs, and reports of family disease with HBV or HCV. CONCLUSIONS: The vaccination coverage against HBV is low, and the high prevalence of HCV within this community has been observed.
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Ydy RRA, Ferreira D, Souto FJD, Fontes CJF. [Prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1/2) infection among puerperae in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 2006]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2009; 42:28-32. [PMID: 19287932 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822009000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1/2) infection among puerperae in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, is unknown. Through this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among puerperae attended at three public maternity hospitals in Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, was defined. Between April and September 2006, 3,831 deliveries took place and 2,965 puerperae underwent serological tests for HTLV-1/2: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot. The mean age of the women studied was 23.9 years. The prevalence of HTLV-1/2 was 0.2%, i.e. similar to the prevalence observed in the general population of many developed centers in Brazil. This finding of low prevalence suggests that there is still no justification for introducing public health interventions for the population of pregnant women in our setting, to reduce the vertical transmission of HTLV-1/2.
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Souto FJD. A hepatite B e os movimentos migratórios no Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2004; 37 Suppl 2:63-8. [PMID: 15586899 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822004000700010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A hepatite B é a principal causa de doença hepática na Amazônia, sendo um de seus maiores problemas de saúde pública. A partir dos anos 70, intensificou-se a migração para o sul da Amazônia. No norte do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, foram identificados surtos de hepatite B comunitária e alta prevalência de seus marcadores entre os migrantes após meses da chegada. Análise de subtipos do antígeno de superfície do virus sugere que os migrantes trouxeram o agente infeccioso de suas regiões de origem. Fatores ambientais e comportamentais provavelmente facilitaram a rápida disseminação do vírus da hepatite B nessas comunidades. Dados mais recentes demonstram que a manutenção de vacinação e vigilância nas regiões mais acometidas está diminuindo a incidência da infecção. O aumento do número de casos de hepatite delta entre os portadores do vírus B no norte do Estado de Mato Grosso começa a ser detectado, provavelmente resultante do maior contato com os Estados vizinhos, que têm alta prevalência de hepatite delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Dutra Souto
- Núcleo de Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas e Tropicais da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT.
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