Elaboração de tabelas de percentis através de parâmetros antropométricos, de desempenho, bioquímicos, hematológicos, hormonais e psicológicos em futebolistas profissionais

Dynamics of Recovery of Physiological Parameters After a Small-Sided Game in Women Soccer Players

Purpose: Training methods based on small-sided game (SSG) seem to promote physiological and tactical benefits for soccer players as they present characteristics more specific to the game. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the hormonal, biochemical, and autonomic parameters in an acute manner and the recovery dynamics (up to 72 h after) in a SSG. Methods: Thirteen professional female soccer players participated in the study (18.8 ± 0.8 years, body mass 59.4 ± 6.2 kg, and height 1.68 ± 0.05 m). During and after the SSG session (4 min × 4 min separated by 3 min of passive interval and 120 m² coverage per player), autonomic modulation was analyzed in the time and frequency domains using heart rate variability, and blood samples (5 ml) were collected before (0 h) and after (10 min and 24, 48, 72 h) the SSG for biochemical and hormonal analysis. Results: The SSG induced an increase effect for LF (low frequency) (92,52%; Very likely increase) and a decrease effect for HF (high frequency) values (-65,72%; Very likely decrease), after 10 min of recovery. The LF/HF increase after 10 min of recovery (386,21%; Very likely increase). The RMSSD (square root of the mean squared differences of the successive N-N intervals) and pNN50 (measure of the number of adjacent NN intervals which differ by more than 50 ms) values presented a decrease effect 10 min after SSG (61,38%; Very likely decrease and-90%; Very likely decrease). The CK (creatine kinase) values presented no changes 10 min after SSG. The LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) values presented an increase effect 10 min after the SSG (19,22%; Likely increase). Both testosterone and cortisol concentrations presented the same behavior after SSG, where no alterations were observed with after 10 min (<0,37%; Most likely trivial). Conclusion: The SSG promoted significant cardiovascular stress that was restored within the first 24 h of recovery. Parasympathetic parameters continued to increase while sympathetic parameters declined significantly during the 72 h of recovery. In addition, the reduced game did not alter biochemical or hormonal responses during the 72 h.

HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND BODY COMPOSITION OF SOCCER PLAYERS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Soccer players may experience hematological changes that could be detrimental to their health status. In addition, inadequate body composition may impair performance. Objective: To assess body composition and hematological changes over a year in soccer players. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. Age, weight, height, body composition, blood count, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum transferrin and total iron binding capacity data were collected from the athletes’ medical records in the months of January, May and August of 2015 and January of 2016. Body mass index was also calculated. For the statistical analyses, the Anova and post-hoc Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used for the quantitative variables and the Chi-square test for the qualitative variables. The significance level adopted was p<0.05. Results: Data were evaluated for 51 athletes with a mean age of 23.53 ± 3.11 years, 77.10 ± 6.56 kg, 1.80 ± 0.07 and 15.6 ± 2.89% body fat (BF). We observed significant (p<0.05) changes in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, cell size and eosinophils during the period evaluated. Among the athletes, 21.6% had decreased hematocrit levels and 3.9% had hemoglobin levels below the reference range. A BF% greater than 16% was significantly related to serum iron depletion (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Small significant hematological changes during the competitive year were observed, but without significant changes in body composition. Level of Evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference ‘‘gold’’ standard.

Training Load, Physical Performance, Biochemical Markers, and Psychological Stress During a Short Preparatory Period in Brazilian Elite Male Volleyball Players

Horta, TAG, Bara Filho, MG, Coimbra, DR, Miranda, R, and Werneck, FZ. Training load, physical performance, biochemical markers, and psychological stress during a short preparatory period in Brazilian elite male volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3392-3399, 2019-The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between training load (TL) and physical performance, biochemical markers, and psychological stress during a short preparatory period (SPP) in Brazilian elite male volleyball players. Twelve volleyball players from a team competing in the Brazilian Men's Volleyball Super League were enrolled (26.9 ± 4.6 years). Countermovement jump (CMJ), creatine kinase (CK), testosterone (T), cortisol (Cr), T/Cr ratio, and Recovery and Stress Questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-Sport) were collected at baseline, after second, fourth, and sixth week. Training load was quantified daily using the rating of perceived exertion. Differences were noted between total weekly training load (TWTL) (F3,33 = 50.907; p = 0.0001), CK (F3,33 = 16.157; p = 0.0001), and T (F3,33 = 3.283; p = 0.03). No differences were seen in CMJ (F3,33 = 1.821; p = 0.16), Cr (F3,33 = 2.409; p = 0.08), or T/Cr ratio (F3,33 = 1.527; p = 0.23). The RESTQ-Sport demonstrated differences between moments in social stress (F3,33 = 2.297; p = 0.04; η = 0.25), success (F3,33 = 4.350; p = 0.01; η = 0.19), general well-being (F3,33 = 4.465; p = 0.01; η = 0.36), and injury (F3,33 = 2.792; p = 0.05; η = 0.62). The results showed a significant correlations of small to moderate magnitude between TWTL and CK (r = 0.32; p = 0.05). In conclusion, a short PP in volleyball leads to increased TL, CK level, and psychological stress. Training load was related with the increase of CK, suggesting muscle damage without increased physical performance.

CONHECIMENTO NUTRICIONAL E ESTADO ANTROPOMÉTRICO DE ATLETAS UNIVERSITÁRIOS

Introdução O estudo do consumo alimentar fornece informações específicas sobre a ingestão de energia e nutrientes, podendo estar associado com o conhecimento sobre nutrição e alimentação. Nesse contexto, a entrada dos estudantes na universidade envolve uma tendência de transição nutricional e mudanças negativas no nível de atividade física, resultando em alterações importantes na sua composição corporal. Objetivo Analisar a relação entre perfil antropométrico e o conhecimento nutricional de atletas universitários de futebol. Métodos Participaram da pesquisa 37 universitários, jogadores de futebol, do sexo masculino, entre 18 e 28 anos, estudantes das áreas de Saúde e Biológica (SB), Tecnológica e Exatas (TE) e Humanas e Sociais (HS). Foram aferidas a massa corporal, estatura e dobras cutâneas (tricipital, subescapular, supra-ilíaca, abdominal e coxa medial). A fim de mensurar o conhecimento nutricional dos atletas, foi aplicado um questionário de conhecimento nutricional (QCN), traduzido, adaptado e validado para o Brasil. Para análise estatística foi utilizada correlação de Pearson e ANOVA one-way com post-hoc de Games-Howell. Resultados Foi observada diferença na massa corporal, estatura e massa livre de gordura (MLG) entre os atletas. Na comparação entre as áreas, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre os estudantes da área SB em relação aos demais. Também foi observado que não houve diferenças significativas para a parte I, parte II ou total de acertos. Ainda houve correlação positiva, forte e significativa da área HS com a MLG. Observando-se as demais variáveis na área TE, foi encontrada correlação negativa e moderada. No restante das variáveis, as correlações entre a pontuação obtida no QCN e as variáveis de composição corporal foram fracas. Conclusão A amostra avaliada apresentou conhecimento nutricional moderado, verificando-se baixa associação deste com o perfil antropométrico. Os resultados também sugerem que o conhecimento nutricional, isoladamente, não é capaz de influenciar o comportamento alimentar.

Individual analysis of creatine kinase concentration in Brazilian elite soccer players

OBJECTIVE: to determine the individual profile of blood concentration of creatine kinase CK in elite soccer players as well as to analyze the CK concentrations in different periods during the Professional Brazilian Championship.METHODS: resting CK of 17 soccer players was evaluated before the competition pre-season and after the matches 36 and 46 hours after the games CKGame for the individual blood CK. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the individual CK during the season. The competitive season was divided into three periods: initial, intermediate and final. The one-way ANOVA with repeated measurements followed by post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test was used to compare the individual CK of each soccer player in each competitive period. The significance level was set at p<0.05.RESULTS: the highest frequency of individual CK was found in the second quartile 71 observations and the lowest frequency in the first 26 observations and the fourth quartile 40 observations compared to the expected number of 45.8 x2=22.21. CK concentrations were lower in the intermediate mean=66.99% and final mean=60.21% periods than in the initial period mean=89.33%.CONCLUSION: soccer players did not show elevated muscle damage and probably a muscle adaptation occurred in the competition, due to the reduction of CK concentrations observed.