1
|
Sharma B, Obeid J, DeMatteo C, Noseworthy MD, Timmons BW. New Insights Into Accelerometer-Measured Habitual Physical Activity and Sedentary Time During Early Recovery in Pediatric Concussion. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024; 36:58-65. [PMID: 37591503 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Concussion management is shifting away from a rest-is-best approach, as data now suggest that exercise-is-medicine for this mild brain injury. Despite this, we have limited data on habitual physical activity following concussion. Therefore, our objective was to quantify accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time in children with concussion (within the first month of injury) and healthy controls. We hypothesized that children with concussion would be less active than their healthy peers. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of prospectively collected accelerometer data. Our sample included children with concussion (n = 60, 31 females) and historical controls (n = 60) matched for age, sex, and season of accelerometer wear. RESULTS Children with concussion were significantly more sedentary than controls (mean difference [MD], 38.3 min/d, P = .006), and spent less time performing light physical activity (MD, -19.5 min/d, P = .008), moderate physical activity (MD, -9.8 min/d, P < .001), and vigorous physical activity (MD, -12.0 min/d, P < .001); these differences were observed from 8:00 AM to 9:00 PM. Sex-specific analyses identified that girls with concussion were less active and more sedentary than both boys with concussion (P = .010) and healthy girls (P < .010). CONCLUSION There is an activity deficit observed within the first month of pediatric concussion. Physical activity guidelines should address this while considering sex effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Sharma
- Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - Joyce Obeid
- Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - Carol DeMatteo
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
- CanChild Center for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - Michael D Noseworthy
- Imaging Research Center, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON,Canada
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
- McMaster School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - Brian W Timmons
- Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
- CanChild Center for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Philipp NM, Nijem RM, Cabarkapa D, Hollwedel CM, Fry AC. Investigating the stretch-shortening cycle fatigue response to a high-intensity stressful phase of training in collegiate men's basketball. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1377528. [PMID: 38711571 PMCID: PMC11073450 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1377528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction While using force-plate derived measures of vertical jump performance, reflective of stretch-shortening-cycle (SSC) efficiency is common practice in sport science, there is limited evidence as to which tests and measures may be most sensitive toward neuromuscular fatigue. The aim of this study was to explore the SSC fatigue response to a one-week high-intensity fatiguing phase of training in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division-I basketball players. Methods The study timeline consisted of three weeks of baseline measures, one week of high-intensity training, and two weeks of follow-up testing. Countermovement jumps (CMJ) and 10-5 hop tests were performed at baseline, as well as at two time-points during, and three time-points following the fatiguing training period, allowing for performance-comparisons with baseline. Results Compared to the weekly training sum at baseline, during the high intensity training phase, athletes were exposed to very large increases in selected external load metrics (ES = 1.44-3.16), suggesting that athletes experienced fatigue acutely, as well as potential longer lasting reductions in performance. Vertical jump data suggested that in the CMJ, traditional metrics such as jump height, as well as metrics reflecting kinetic outputs and movement strategies, were sensitive to the stark increase in high-intensity training exposure. The 10-5 hop test suggested a fatigue-induced loss of tolerance to ground impact reflected by performance reductions in metrics related to jump height and reactive strength qualities. Discussion These findings emphasize that when monitoring neuromuscular fatigue, variables and assessments may not be looked at individually, but rather as part of a more global monitoring approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas M. Philipp
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory – Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perrotta AS, Day BD, Correa CJ, Scott AJ, Ramos J, Gnatiuk EA, Warburton DER. Physiological, anthropometric and athletic performance adaptations from completing a 1-month pre-season period. A two-year longitudinal study in female collegiate soccer players. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1353129. [PMID: 38529410 PMCID: PMC10961417 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1353129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Collegiate coaches and integrative support staff often utilize pre-season as a brief and intense training period to prepare athletes technically, tactically, and physiologically, to meet the demands of competition during a soccer season. This study sought to examine the dose-response from performing on-field soccer activities during a four-week pre-season period in female collegiate soccer players, and if the magnitude in response was associated with accumulated exercise stress. Methods A total of twenty-seven healthy female soccer players training as part of a collegiate soccer program volunteered to participate in this two-year longitudinal study. Data collection commenced prior to the start of each pre-season period, at the beginning of August, and was completed at the beginning of September, when pre-season ended. Data collection periods were separated by a 31-day period. Indices of cardiovascular function, anthropometry, and athletic performance were examined during each data collection period. Internal and external measures of accumulated exercise stress were recorded using the Polar Team Pro® system. Results When comparing the beginning to the end of pre-season, significant improvements were observed in body fat (%) [24.2 ± 6.0 "vs." 23.3 ± 5.6, p = 0.001], heart rate variability (rMSSD) [51.8 ± 25.1 "vs." 67.9 ± 34.6 ms, p = 0.002], resting heart (bpm) [73.8 ± 12.1 "vs." 64.3 ± 8.8, p = 0.001] and cardiorespiratory performance (YoYo IRTL-1) [925.8 ± 272.8 "vs." 1,062.6 ± 223.3 m, p = 0.001]. Significant reductions in musculoskeletal performance were observed through vertical jump height (cm) [24.9 ± 23.7, p = 0.04]. Change in the end of pre-season body weight (kg) was significantly associated with accumulated accelerations and decelerations [r ≥ 0.49, p = 0.01]. End of pre-season change in cardiorespiratory performance was significantly associated with both accumulated training load (au) and TRIMP (au) [r ≥ 0.63, p = 0.01]. Discussion In conclusion, performing a four-week pre-season period, involving only on-field training, can promote positive and significant adaptations in anthropometry, cardiovascular function, and athletic performance measures in female collegiate soccer players. The magnitudes of these adaptations were associated with both internal and external measures of accumulated exercise stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Perrotta
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Human Performance and Health, Windsor, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Langara College, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brent D. Day
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Human Performance and Health, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Camila J. Correa
- Department of Kinesiology, Langara College, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anika J. Scott
- Department of Kinesiology, Langara College, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ramos
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Gnatiuk
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Darren E. R. Warburton
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Downie C, Burke M. Constructive alignment: Teaching introductory gross anatomy to sport science students. Anat Sci Educ 2024; 17:47-54. [PMID: 37750510 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this descriptive article was to illustrate the process of using constructive alignment in redesigning an introductory gross anatomy unit that is taught specifically to sports science and physical education students at Victoria University. The unit was redesigned as an intensive learning unit in 2017 as part of a broader university-wide process. The teaching team decided that the first stage of the constructive alignment process should be necessarily focused on an understanding of the career destinations of graduates from the courses. With this understanding, it became easier to work through the redesign of intended learning objectives, the shift from systemic to regional anatomy changes in content and learning support mechanisms, and alterations to assessment practices. A comparison of student pass rates for the unit from 2018 to 2023 with pass rates in the previous semester-long version of the unit, suggests optimism about the changes that were made through the constructive alignment process. However, there were a number of other factors that may have contributed to this result, and more research is needed on the specific effectiveness of the changes made during the constructive alignment process before a confident conclusion about the success of the process can be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calum Downie
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Torrens University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Burke
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- First Year College, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Awgechew K, Desalegn BB, Mesfin A. Inadequate intake of energy and nutrients: A comparative cross-sectional study between sport and non sport science university students of southern Ethiopia. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:590-601. [PMID: 38268901 PMCID: PMC10804097 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate and compare the energy and selected nutrient intakes of sport science and nonsport science university students of Southern Ethiopia. Multiple-day dietary data were collected from 166 university students (76 sport science and 90 nonsport sciences). Average daily energy and nutrient intake, and inadequate intakes were calculated using NutriSurvey (NS). There were significant differences (p < .05) in the median intakes of energy, total carbohydrate, and vitamin B1 between female students from the sport science and nonsport science groups, but only the median intake of iron was significantly different (p < .05) between the male sport and nonsport science student groups. The prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamin B1 was significantly (p < .05) higher in the male and female from the nonsport science groups compared to the male and female student groups in the sport science, respectively, whereas the prevalence of inadequate iron intake by the male sport science students' group was significantly (p < .05) higher compared to their counterparts. Similarly, the prevalence of inadequate energy among the females from the sport science group was significantly (p < .05) higher compared to the female students from the nonsport science department group. The prevalence of inadequate intake of dietary energy and the majority of the nutrients (protein, fat, vitamin A, B1, B2, and magnesium) were high (>50%) in selected university students. The energy and majority of nutrient intakes by the students in the selected universities of southern Ethiopia were suboptimal. Therefore, activities that will improve the dietary intake of university students should include weekly meal plan revision considering their average recommended nutrient intake (RNI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kebede Awgechew
- School of Human Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, College of AgricultureHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
| | - Beruk Berhanu Desalegn
- School of Human Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, College of AgricultureHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
| | - Addisalem Mesfin
- School of Human Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, College of AgricultureHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mezghani N, Ammar A, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, Boujelbane MA, Ben Ayed R, Alzahrani TM, Hadadi A, Abid R, Ouergui I, Glenn JM, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H. The Impact of Wearing Different Face Masks on Vigorous Physical Exercise Performance and Perceived Exertion among COVID-19 Infected vs. Uninfected Female Students. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2709-2723. [PMID: 37998077 PMCID: PMC10670499 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13110187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Under certain circumstances, masks are an effective and immediate solution to reduce the spread of viral infection. However, the impact of masks on the ability to perform vigorous exercise remains an area of concern. Primarily, this impact has been explored in healthy subjects, yielding contradictory findings, and little is known of it among COVID-19-infected individuals. This study examined the effects of surgical masks, N-95 masks, and unmasked conditions on the performance and perceived exertion (RPE) of infected vs. non-infected young women during high-intensity, repeated sprint exercise (5mSRT). Following a familiarization session, eighty-three (42 COVID-19-previously infected (PIG) and 43 non-infected (NIG)), female participants (age 20.02 ± 1.05 years, BMI 21.07 ± 2.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of three mask conditions: unmasked, surgical mask, or N95 mask. All participants attended three test sessions (i.e., one session for each mask condition) at least one week apart. At the beginning of each test session, data related to participants' physical activity (PA) and sleep behaviours during the previous week were collected. In each test session, participants performed the 5mSRT, during which performance indicators (best distance (BD), total distance (TD), fatigue index (FI) and percentage decrement (PD)) were collected, along with RPE. ANOVA indicated no significant main effects of Groups and Masks, and no significant interaction for Groups × Masks for BD, FI, PD, RPE and most sleep and PA behaviours (p > 0.05). For TD, the Groups × Mask interaction was significant (p = 0.031 and ƞp2 = 0.042). Posthoc analysis revealed, in the unmasked condition, there was no difference in TD between PIG and NIG (p > 0.05). However, when wearing a surgical mask, PIG covered lower TD compared to NIG (p < 0.05). Additionally, different types of masks did not affect TD in NIG, while PIG performed the worst using the surgical mask (p < 0.05). These results suggest post-COVID-19 individuals can maintain physical fitness through regular exercise (i.e., sport science curricula) in unmasked conditions, but not when wearing a surgical mask. Furthermore, the impact of different types of face masks on physical performance seems to be minimal, particularly in uninfected populations; future research is warranted to further explore this impact in post-COVID conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nourhen Mezghani
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.); (T.M.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 39200 Nanterre, France
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.M.); (K.T.); (H.C.)
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Omar Boukhris
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Liwa Masmoudi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.M.); (K.T.); (H.C.)
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujelbane
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.M.); (K.T.); (H.C.)
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Rayda Ben Ayed
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage-Tunis, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, El Mahrajène 1082, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, B.P. 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Turki Mohsen Alzahrani
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.); (T.M.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Atyh Hadadi
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.); (T.M.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Rihab Abid
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Ibrahim Ouergui
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef 7100, Tunisia;
- Research Unit, Sports Science, Health and Movement, University of Jendouba, El Kef 7100, Tunisia
| | - Jordan M. Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.M.); (K.T.); (H.C.)
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.M.); (K.T.); (H.C.)
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Methnani J, Latiri I, Dergaa I, Chamari K, Ben Saad H. ChatGPT for Sample-Size Calculation in Sports Medicine and Exercise Sciences: A Cautionary Note. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:1219-1223. [PMID: 37536678 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the accuracy of ChatGPT (Chat generative pretrained transformer), a large language model, in calculating sample size for sport-sciences and sports-medicine research studies. METHODS We conducted an analysis on 4 published papers (ie, examples 1-4) encompassing various study designs and approaches for calculating sample size in 3 sport-science and -medicine journals, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 1 survey paper. We provided ChatGPT with all necessary data such as mean, percentage SD, normal deviates (Zα/2 and Z1-β), and study design. Prompting from 1 example has subsequently been reused to gain insights into the reproducibility of the ChatGPT response. RESULTS ChatGPT correctly calculated the sample size for 1 randomized controlled trial but failed in the remaining 3 examples, including the incorrect identification of the formula in one example of a survey paper. After interaction with ChatGPT, the correct sample size was obtained for the survey paper. Intriguingly, when the prompt from Example 3 was reused, ChatGPT provided a completely different sample size than its initial response. CONCLUSIONS While the use of artificial-intelligence tools holds great promise, it should be noted that it might lead to errors and inconsistencies in sample-size calculations even when the tool is fed with the necessary correct information. As artificial-intelligence technology continues to advance and learn from human feedback, there is hope for improvement in sample-size calculation and other research tasks. However, it is important for scientists to exercise caution in utilizing these tools. Future studies should assess more advanced/powerful versions of this tool (ie, ChatGPT4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jabeur Methnani
- LR19ES09, Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire "Biologie, Médecine et Santé," Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse,Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar said University of Manouba, Ksar said,Tunisia
| | - Imed Latiri
- Research Laboratory LR12SP09 "Heart Failure" Farhat HACHED Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse,Tunisia
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha,Qatar
- Aspetar, Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Doha,Qatar
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis,Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax,Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar said University of Manouba, Ksar said,Tunisia
- Service of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse,Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fields JB, Jagim AR, Kuhlman N, Feit MK, Jones MT. Comparison of Match External Loads across a Men's and Women's Lacrosse Season. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:119. [PMID: 37606414 PMCID: PMC10443359 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare external workloads between collegiate men's (MLAX) and women's lacrosse (WLAX) matches and examine positional differences across the season. Athletes (MLAX: n = 10; WLAX: n = 13) wore a global positional system device during all matches. External load metrics included in the analysis were total distance (TD), sprint distance (SD), accelerations (>3 m/s2), sprint efforts, player load per minute (PL/min), top speed, and distances spent in various speed zones. WLAX had higher TD (p = 0.001), SD (p < 0.001), distances in SZs 2-5 (p < 0.001), PL (p < 0.001), and sprint efforts (p < 0.001) compared to MLAX. However, MLAX performed more acceleration (p < 0.001) and deceleration (p < 0.001) efforts. WLAX midfielders (M) and defenders (D) reached higher top speeds and performed more accelerations than attackers (p < 0.001). Midfielders covered the greatest distance at high speeds (p = 0.011) and the smallest distance at low speeds (<0.001) for WLAX. For MLAX, midfielders performed the highest SDs, top speeds, accelerations, decelerations, and distances in higher speed zones (p < 0.001) compared to attackers and defenders. Results indicate that there are significant gender and positional differences in external workload demands during match play, specifically for volume- and intensity-derived workload parameters, between men's and women's lacrosse. Therefore, sports performance coaches should create gender- and position-specific conditioning programs to prepare athletes for match demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B. Fields
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA 01109, USA;
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
| | - Andrew R. Jagim
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
- Sports Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Nicholas Kuhlman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA 01109, USA;
| | - Mary Kate Feit
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA 01109, USA;
| | - Margaret T. Jones
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
- Sport, Recreation, and Tourism Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramalho A, Petrica J. Knowledge in Motion: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence-Based Human Kinetics. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6020. [PMID: 37297624 PMCID: PMC10252659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines critical aspects of evidence-based human kinetics, focusing on bridging the gap between scientific evidence and practical implementation. To bridge this gap, the development of tailored education and training programs is essential, providing practitioners with the expertise and skills to effectively apply evidence-based programs and interventions. The effectiveness of these programs in improving physical fitness across all age groups has been widely demonstrated. In addition, integrating artificial intelligence and the principles of slow science into evidence-based practice promises to identify gaps in knowledge and stimulate further research in human kinetics. The purpose of this review is to provide researchers and practitioners with comprehensive information on the application of scientific principles in human kinetics. By highlighting the importance of evidence-based practice, this review is intended to promote the adoption of effective interventions to optimize physical health and enhance performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Ramalho
- Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-266 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bucher Sandbakk S, Walther J, Solli GS, Tønnessen E, Haugen T. Training Quality-What Is It and How Can We Improve It? Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:557-560. [PMID: 36965489 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The concept of training quality reflects that the effect of training is dependent on more than the mere product of training load (eg, duration, intensity, frequency). The aims of this commentary are to (1) propose a practice-oriented framework to describe training quality and its general and context-dependent characteristics and (2) discuss how athletes and coaches can work to improve training quality. CONCLUSIONS Training quality can be viewed from different perspectives. The holistic dimension includes the entire training process (goal setting, gap analysis, application of training principles and methods, etc), while a narrower dimension encompasses the specific training sessions and how they are executed in relation to the intended purpose. To capture the varying contexts, we define training quality as the degree of excellence related to how the training process or training sessions are executed to optimize adaptations and, thereby, improve overall performance. Although training quality is challenging to quantify, we argue that identification and assessment of quality indicators will increase our scientific understanding and consequently help coaches and athletes to improve training quality. We propose that the physical, technical, and psychological factors of training quality can be improved through an individualized learning process of systematic planning, execution, and debriefing. However, assessment tools should be identified and scientifically validated across different training sessions and sports. We encourage further interventions to improve training quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Bucher Sandbakk
- Department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim,Norway
| | - Jacob Walther
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Center for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim,Norway
- Norwegian Ski Federation, Oslo,Norway
| | - Guro Strøm Solli
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Center for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim,Norway
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nord University, Bodø,Norway
| | - Espen Tønnessen
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo,Norway
| | - Thomas Haugen
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo,Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Trovato B, Roggio F, Petrigna L, Musumeci G. Modified Isoinertial-Based Ruffier Test in Healthy Individuals: A Feasibility Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8020036. [PMID: 37092368 PMCID: PMC10123694 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness is an essential indicator in sports science and sports medicine that can be assessed with several tests. The Ruffier test is a submaximal test valid to estimate maximum oxygen uptake; it consists of 30 squats in 45 s, which may be challenging for inexperienced individuals. This study aims to verify the feasibility of a modified inertial-based version of the Ruffier test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness with 10 squats in 15 s. Both classic and isoinertial Ruffier tests were administered to thirty-five healthy young adults (20 men and 15 women), age 22.06 ± 2.13 years, BMI 23.87 ± 2.74. The two one-sided test confirmed the comparability of the isoinertial Ruffier test with its classic version within equivalence bounds of ±3.726. Furthermore, gender, age, body weight, the difference between peak heart rate after isoinertial squatting and resting heart rate, and the isoinertial Ruffier index are the coefficients of our best VO2max prediction model with an adjusted R2 of 0.937, sensitivity of 0.89, and specificity of 0.81. The study evidenced the feasibility of the isoinertial Ruffier test to measure cardiorespiratory fitness through a quick, safe, and short squat test easy to perform in fitness centers and primary care clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Federico Roggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Petrigna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim M, Park C, Yoon J. The Design of GNSS/IMU Loosely-Coupled Integration Filter for Wearable EPTS of Football Players. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1749. [PMID: 36850348 PMCID: PMC9965289 DOI: 10.3390/s23041749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the filter design of GNSS/IMU integration for wearable EPTS (Electronic Performance and Tracking System) of football players. EPTS has been widely used in sports fields recently, and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) in wearable EPTS have been used to measure and provide players' athletic performance data. A sensor fusion technique can be used to provide high-quality analysis data of athletic performance. For this reason, the integration filter of GNSS data and IMU data is designed in this study. The loosely-coupled strategy is considered to integrate GNSS and IMU data considering the specification of the wearable EPTS product. Quaternion is used to estimate a player's attitude to avoid the gimbal lock singularity in this study. Experiment results validate the performance of the proposed GNSS/IMU loosely-coupled integration filter for wearable EPTS of football players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingu Kim
- Division of Mechanical and Electronics Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sorgente V, Agudo-Ortega A, Lopez-Hernandez A, Santos Del Cerro J, Minciacchi D, González Ravé JM. Relationship between Maximum Force-Velocity Exertion and Swimming Performances among Four Strokes over Medium and Short Distances: The Stronger on Dry Land, the Faster in Water? J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8. [PMID: 36810504 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating force-velocity characteristics on dry-land is of the utmost importance in swimming, because higher levels of these bio-motor abilities positively affect in-water performance. However, the wide range of possible technical specializations presents an opportunity for a more categorized approach that has yet to be seized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify feasible differences in maximum force-velocity exertion based on swimmers' stroke and distance specialization. To this scope, 96 young male swimmers competing at the regional level were divided into 12 groups, one for each stroke (butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and front crawl) and distance (50 m, 100 m, and 200 m). They performed two single pull-up tests, 5-min before and after competing in a federal swimming race. We assessed force (N) and velocity (m/s) exertion via linear encoder. There were no significant differences between pre-post maximum force-velocity exertions, despite the decreasing trend. Force-parameters highly correlated with each other and with the swimming performance time. Moreover, both force (t = -3.60, p < 0.001) and velocity (t = -3.90, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of swimming race time. Sprinters (both 50 m and 100 m) of all strokes could exert significantly higher force-velocity compared to 200 m swimmers (e.g., 0.96 ± 0.06 m/s performed by sprinters vs. 0.66 ± 0.03 m/s performed by 200 m swimmers). Moreover, breaststroke sprinters presented significantly lower force-velocity compared to sprinters specialized in the other strokes (e.g., 1047.83 ± 61.33 N performed by breaststroke sprinters vs. 1263.62 ± 161.23 N performed by butterfly sprinters). This study could provide the foundation for future research regarding the role of stroke and distance specializations in modeling swimmers' force-velocity abilities, thus influencing paramount elements for specific training and improvement towards competitions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kittel A, Spittle M, Larkin P, Spittle S. 360°VR: Application for exercise and sport science education. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:977075. [PMID: 37020467 PMCID: PMC10067750 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.977075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aden Kittel
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Correspondence: Aden Kittel
| | - Michael Spittle
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Larkin
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Maribyrnong Sports Academy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharna Spittle
- College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
O’Brien L, Jacobs I. Potential physiological responses contributing to the ergogenic effects of acute ischemic preconditioning during exercise: A narrative review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1051529. [PMID: 36518104 PMCID: PMC9742576 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1051529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been reported to augment exercise performance, but there is considerable heterogeneity in the magnitude and frequency of performance improvements. Despite a burgeoning interest in IPC as an ergogenic aid, much is still unknown about the physiological mechanisms that mediate the observed performance enhancing effects. This narrative review collates those physiological responses to IPC reported in the IPC literature and discusses how these responses may contribute to the ergogenic effects of IPC. Specifically, this review discusses documented central and peripheral cardiovascular responses, as well as selected metabolic, neurological, and perceptual effects of IPC that have been reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam O’Brien
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ira Jacobs
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Tannenbaum Institute for Science in Sport, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McCrary JM, Ascenso S, Savvidou P, Schraft S, McAllister L, Redding E, Bastepe-Gray S, Altenmüller E. Load and fatigue monitoring in musicians using an online app: A pilot study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1056892. [PMID: 36506990 PMCID: PMC9726730 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1056892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims High occupational injury rates are reported in musicians, with a career prevalence of up to 89%. Fatigue and playing (over)load are identified as key risk factors for musicians' injuries. Self-report fatigue management strategies in sport have demonstrated preventive effects. A self-report fatigue management tool for musicians was developed based on a Delphi survey of international experts and hosted in an online app. The aims of this study are to evaluate the content validity and uptake of this new tool, and explore associations between collected performance quality, physical/psychological stress, pain, injury and fatigue data. Methods University and professional musicians were asked to provide entries into the online app twice per week for 1-6 months. Entries into the app were designed to take 2-3 min to complete and consisted of the following: 6 questions regarding playing load over the previous 72 h; 5 questions regarding current levels in key physical/psychological stress domains (sleep, recovery, overplaying, pain, fitness); one question self-rating of performance quality over the previous day; one question regarding current musculoskeletal symptoms; a reaction time task to evaluate psychomotor fatigue. Results N = 96 participants provided an average of 2 app entries (range 0-43). Increased playing time, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and feelings of having to "play too much" were consistently associated with increased self-rated performance quality (p ≤ 0.004; 6.7 <| t |< 2148.5). Increased ratings of feeling fit and recovering well were consistently associated with reduced pain severity (p < 0.001; 3.8 <| t |< 20.4). Pain severity was increased (6.5/10 vs. 2.5/10; p < 0.001) in participants reporting playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs; symptoms affecting playing). Conclusion The prospective value of regular individual self-report playing load, stress, and performance data collection in musicians is clear. However, limited uptake of the online fatigue management app piloted in this study indicates that new approaches to the collection of these data are needed to realize their potential impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Matt McCrary
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians’ Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hanover, Germany,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: J. Matt McCrary,
| | - Sara Ascenso
- Royal Northern College of Music, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Savvidou
- School of Music, Theatre and Dance, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | | | - Emma Redding
- Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Serap Bastepe-Gray
- Peabody Institute of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians’ Medicine, Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hanover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sinclair J, Taylor PJ, Jones B, Butters B, Bentley I, Edmundson CJ. A Multi-Experiment Investigation of the Effects Stance Width on the Biomechanics of the Barbell Squat. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10090136. [PMID: 36136391 PMCID: PMC9503729 DOI: 10.3390/sports10090136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This two-experiment study aimed to explore habitual and manipulated stance widths on squat biomechanics. In experiment one, 70 lifters completed back squats at 70%, 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and were split into groups (NARROW < 1.06 * greater trochanter width (GTW), MID 1.06−1.18 * GTW and WIDE > 1.37 * GTW) according to their self-selected stance width. In experiment two, 20 lifters performed squats at 70%, 1RM, in three conditions (NARROW, MID and WIDE, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 * GTW). The three-dimensional kinematics were measured using a motion capture system, ground reaction forces (GRF) using a force platform, and the muscle forces using musculoskeletal modelling. In experiment two, the peak power was significantly greater in the NARROW condition, whereas both experiments showed the medial GRF impulse was significantly greater in the WIDE stance. Experiment two showed the NARROW condition significantly increased the quadriceps forces, whereas both experiments showed that the WIDE stance width significantly enhanced the posterior-chain muscle forces. The NARROW condition may improve the high mechanical power movement performance and promote the quadriceps muscle development. Greater stance widths may improve sprint and rapid change-of-direction performance and promote posterior-chain muscle hypertrophy. Whilst it appears that there is not an optimal stance width, these observations can be utilized by strength and conditioning practitioners seeking to maximize training adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sinclair
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul John Taylor
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
- Faculty of Science & Technology, School of Psychology & Computer Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Bryan Jones
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Bobbie Butters
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Ian Bentley
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
- Wigan Warriors RLFC, Wigan WN5 0UH, UK
| | - Christopher James Edmundson
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
This brief opinion-based editorial addresses what the authors perceive to be a fundamental issue in the application of sport science, and these issues are reflected by the question "Are you doing any sport science?" As sport science has grown within the United States, organizational sport science budgets have grown, with increasing interest in developing various sport science initiatives. While it is indeed an exciting time for sport science, the authors suggest that, too often, sport science pursuits are driven by commercially available technologies and viewed as an "add-on" instead of pursuing an integrated systematic approach to informing the training process.
Collapse
|
19
|
Maneiro R, Losada JL, Casal CA, Papadopoulou S, Sarmento H, Ardá A, Iglesias X, Amatria M. Editorial: Advances in Sport Science: Latest Findings and New Scientific Proposals. Front Psychol 2022; 13:891906. [PMID: 35572331 PMCID: PMC9096868 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.891906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Maneiro
- Department of Science of Physical Activity and Sport, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luís Losada
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio A Casal
- Department of Science of Physical Activity and Sport, Catholic University of Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain
| | - Sophia Papadopoulou
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antonio Ardá
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Xavier Iglesias
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC). University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Amatria
- Department of Science of Physical Activity and Sport, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Flatt AA, Howells D. Effects of Long-Haul Travel and the Olympic Games on Heart-Rate Variability in Rugby Sevens Medalists. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022;:1-10. [PMID: 35259726 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the impact of long-haul travel and the Olympic tournament on heart-rate variability and subjective well-being in a rugby sevens team. METHODS Players (N = 12 men) recorded daily root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) and brief subjective well-being assessments before and throughout the Olympic tournament. Following a 7-day baseline involving a tournament simulation, 2 flights were taken to Brazil (20-h travel and 4-h time gain) on day 1. Matches occurred on days 13 to 15. Undefeated, the team advanced to the gold-medal final. Team staff used a combination of proactive and reactive strategies to support training adaptations, mitigate negative effects of travel, and facilitate recovery from competition. RESULTS Peak LnRMSSD values from the preceding preparatory period were observed at baseline. Perceived recovery was impaired on day 1 following tournament simulation (P < .05). Lower and less stable LnRMSSD trends were observed in players within the first week following long-haul travel (P < .05), evident primarily in nonstarters (effect size = unclear to very large) versus starters (effect size = unclear). Status markers were subsequently maintained at baseline or improved prior to the tournament and were minimally affected by competition (P > .05). Changes in LnRMSSD were associated (P < .05) with changes in perceived recovery (day 14, ρ = .64) and sleep quality (day 15, ρ = .69) during the tournament. CONCLUSIONS Attentiveness to player health and well-being throughout preparation, travel, and the Olympic tournament potentially mitigated decrements in status markers, thereby reducing potential for fatigue or stress-related performance impairment.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rossi A, Pappalardo L, Cintia P. A Narrative Review for a Machine Learning Application in Sports: An Example Based on Injury Forecasting in Soccer. Sports (Basel) 2021; 10:sports10010005. [PMID: 35050970 PMCID: PMC8822889 DOI: 10.3390/sports10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the number of studies about machine learning algorithms applied to sports, e.g., injury forecasting and athlete performance prediction, have rapidly increased. Due to the number of works and experiments already present in the state-of-the-art regarding machine-learning techniques in sport science, the aim of this narrative review is to provide a guideline describing a correct approach for training, validating, and testing machine learning models to predict events in sports science. The main contribution of this narrative review is to highlight any possible strengths and limitations during all the stages of model development, i.e., training, validation, testing, and interpretation, in order to limit possible errors that could induce misleading results. In particular, this paper shows an example about injury forecaster that provides a description of all the features that could be used to predict injuries, all the possible pre-processing approaches for time series analysis, how to correctly split the dataset to train and test the predictive models, and the importance to explain the decision-making approach of the white and black box models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Pappalardo
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Paolo Cintia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cabarkapa D, Fry AC, Cabarkapa DV, Myers CA, Jones GT, Deane MA. Kinetic and Kinematic Characteristics of Proficient and Non-Proficient 2-Point and 3-Point Basketball Shooters. Sports (Basel) 2021; 10:sports10010002. [PMID: 35050967 PMCID: PMC8822900 DOI: 10.3390/sports10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine kinetic and kinematic characteristics of various types of 2-point and 3-point basketball shooting approaches and determine which variables have the greatest contribution in discriminating proficient (PRO) from non-proficient (N-PRO) shooters. While standing on a force plate, twenty-nine recreationally active males performed a total of 1740 shots by utilizing stationary and step-in shooting approaches. Two high-definition cameras were used to simultaneously capture kinematic parameters of shooting motions. The type of shooting approach showed as a non-influential factor. During the preparatory phase of the shooting motion, PRO 2-point shooters demonstrated higher elbow and basketball height placements, greater flexion in the shoulder and elbow joints while attaining greater release and entry ball angles during the release phase. PRO 3-point shooters demonstrated greater elbow flexion, higher basketball placement, and less hip flexion during the preparatory phase while attaining greater heel, release, and trajectory heights during the release phase. When entered into a full-model discriminant function analysis, elbow angle, elbow height, and release angle variables correctly classified PRO from N-PRO 2-point shooters in 62.1% of cases and hip angle, heel height, and elbow angle variables correctly classified PRO from N-PRO 3-point shooters in 81.6% of cases.
Collapse
|
23
|
Franco E, Ocete C, Hernández-Franco V. Vocational Value Profiles of Students with Preferential Vocational Interest in Sport and Their Relationship with Personal and Academic Wellbeing. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182211872. [PMID: 34831632 PMCID: PMC8621262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of students who choose to pursue university studies related to the field of sports. However, there are no studies that have investigated the existence of differentiated profiles within students whose preferred vocational area is sport. The main objective of this study was to establish the profiles of students in the second year of Spain Bachillerato whose preferred vocational interest is sport, according to the two representative vocational values: (a) “to have a fun professional activity”; and (b) “to have a professional activity whose schedule makes it possible to reconcile personal and professional life”. In addition, the resulting groups were compared according to their perception of general and academic wellbeing and their identification with the other vocational values. Two hundred and thirty participants (MAge = 17.47; DTAge = 0.669; N = 171; 74.3% male and N = 59; 25.7% female) completed some validated measures. Three clusters emerged which did not differ in terms of general and academic wellbeing. Differences were found though in terms of some vocational values such “to help people”, “to develop one’s entrepreneurial initiative” or “to be self-employed”. The findings invite us to rethink the differences in the specific profiles of vocational values and their impact on employability opportunities, and to consider these approaches in the orientation of students who have among their priority options to study sport sciences.
Collapse
|
24
|
Krzysztofik M, Kalinowski R, Trybulski R, Filip-Stachnik A, Stastny P. Enhancement of Countermovement Jump Performance Using a Heavy Load with Velocity-Loss Repetition Control in Female Volleyball Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:11530. [PMID: 34770042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although velocity control in resistance training is widely studied, its utilization in eliciting post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) responses receives little attention. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of heavy-loaded barbell squats (BS) with velocity loss control conditioning activity (CA) on PAPE in subsequent countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Sixteen resistance-trained female volleyball players participated in this study (age: 24 ± 5 yrs.; body mass: 63.5 ± 5.2 kg; height: 170 ± 6 cm; relative BS one-repetition maximum (1RM): 1.45 ± 0.19 kg/body mass). Each participant performed two different conditions: a set of the BS at 80% 1 RM with repetitions performed until a mean velocity loss of 10% as the CA or a control condition without CA (CNTRL). To assess changes in jump height (JH) and relative mean power output (MP), the CMJ was performed 5 min before and throughout the 10 min after the CA. The two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed a significant main effect of condition (p = 0.008; η2 = 0.387) and time (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.257) for JH. The post hoc test showed a significant decrease in the 10th min in comparison to the value from baseline (p < 0.006) for the CNTRL condition. For the MP, a significant interaction (p = 0.045; η2 = 0.138) was found. The post hoc test showed a significant decrease in the 10th min in comparison to the values from baseline (p < 0.006) for the CNTRL condition. No significant differences were found between all of the time points and the baseline value for the CA condition. The CA used in the current study fails to enhance subsequent countermovement jump performance in female volleyball players. However, the individual analysis showed that 9 out of the 16 participants (56%) responded positively to the applied CA, suggesting that the PAPE effect may be individually dependent and should be carefully verified before implementation in a training program.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The estimated cost of acute injuries in college-level sport in the USA is ∼1.5 billion dollars per year, without taking into account the cost of follow up rehabilitation. In addition to this huge financial burden, without appropriate diagnosis and relevant interventions, sport injuries may be career-ending for some athletes. With a growing number of females participating in contact based and pivoting sports, middle aged individuals returning to sport and natural injuries of ageing all increasing, such costs and negative implications for quality of life will expand. For those injuries, which cannot be predicted and prevented, there is a real need, to optimise repair, recovery and function, post-injury in the sporting and clinical worlds. The 21st century has seen a rapid growth in the arena of regenerative medicine for sporting injuries, in a bid to progress recovery and to facilitate return to sport. Such interventions harness knowledge relating to stem cells as a potential for injury repair. While the field is rapidly growing, consideration beyond the stem cells, to the factors they secrete, should be considered in the development of effective, affordable treatments.
Collapse
|
26
|
Houtmeyers KC, Jaspers A, Figueiredo P. Managing the Training Process in Elite Sports: From Descriptive to Prescriptive Data Analytics. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021;:1-5. [PMID: 34686619 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Elite sport practitioners increasingly use data to support training process decisions related to athletes' health and performance. A careful application of data analytics is essential to gain valuable insights and recommendations that can guide decision making. In business organizations, data analytics are developed based on conceptual data analytics frameworks. The translation of such a framework to elite sport may benefit the use of data to support training process decisions. Purpose: The authors aim to present and discuss a conceptual data analytics framework, based on a taxonomy used in business analytics literature to help develop data analytics within elite sport organizations. Conclusions: The presented framework consists of 4 analytical steps structured by value and difficulty/complexity. While descriptive (step 1) and diagnostic analytics (step 2) focus on understanding the past training process, predictive (step 3) and prescriptive analytics (step 4) provide more guidance in planning the future. Although descriptive, diagnostic, and predictive analytics generate insights to inform decisions, prescriptive analytics can be used to drive decisions. However, the application of this type of advanced analytics is still challenging in elite sport. Thus, the current use of data in elite sport is more focused on informing decisions rather than driving them. The presented conceptual framework may help practitioners develop their analytical reasoning by providing new insights and guidance and may stimulate future collaborations between practitioners, researchers, and analytics experts.
Collapse
|
27
|
Jimenez-Perez I, Gil-Calvo M, Salvador-Palmer R, Cibrián Ortiz de Anda RM, Pérez-Soriano P, Priego-Quesada JI. Footwear outsole temperature may be more related to plantar pressure during a prolonged run than foot temperature. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 34186519 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac0fbe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The temperature of the sole of the foot has been suggested as an alternative to the measurement of plantar pressure during running despite the scarce evidence about their relationship. The temperature of the footwear outsole could also be representative of plantar pressure distribution due to its less multifactorial dependence. The aim of the study was to determine if plantar pressure during a prolonged run could be related to plantar temperature, either of the sole of the foot or the footwear outsole.Approach. Thirty recreational runners (15 males and 15 females) performed a 30 min running test on a treadmill. Thermographic images of the sole of the foot and the footwear outsole were taken before and immediately after the test, and dynamic plantar pressure was measured at the end of the test. Pearson correlations and stepwise multiple linear regressions were performed.Main results.Plantar pressure percentage was related to a moderate correlation with plantar temperature percentage in forefoot and rearfoot (P < 0.05), showing a greater relationship with the footwear outsole than with the sole of the foot (r = 0.52-0.73 versusr = 0.40-0.61, respectively). Moreover, moderate correlations were also observed between footwear outsole and sole of the foot temperature variables, especially in rearfoot.Significance. Footwear outsole temperature may be better related to plantar pressure distribution than sole of the foot temperature, in the forefoot and rearfoot. The midfoot is the most sensitive and variable region to analyze, as it does not seem to have any relationship with plantar pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Jimenez-Perez
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, St: Gascó Oliag, 3, E-46010, Valencia, Spain.,Research Group in Medical Physics (GIFIME), Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Ave: Blasco Ibáñez, 15, E-46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Gil-Calvo
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, St: Gascó Oliag, 3, E-46010, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia, 5, E-22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Rosario Salvador-Palmer
- Research Group in Medical Physics (GIFIME), Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Ave: Blasco Ibáñez, 15, E-46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Ma Cibrián Ortiz de Anda
- Research Group in Medical Physics (GIFIME), Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Ave: Blasco Ibáñez, 15, E-46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez-Soriano
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, St: Gascó Oliag, 3, E-46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Priego-Quesada
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, St: Gascó Oliag, 3, E-46010, Valencia, Spain.,Research Group in Medical Physics (GIFIME), Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Ave: Blasco Ibáñez, 15, E-46010, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schelling X, Fernández J, Ward P, Fernández J, Robertson S. Decision Support System Applications for Scheduling in Professional Team Sport. The Team's Perspective. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:678489. [PMID: 34151262 PMCID: PMC8213205 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.678489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodization implies the systematic planning of training and competition with the goal of reaching the best possible performance in the most important competition. In team sports, this consists of finding a flight-and-practice schedule that maximizes the opportunities to perform the periodized contents (e.g., trips, practices, games, and days off). This process is conducted whilst considering known constraints (e.g., competitive schedule, roster availability, weather, especial events, holidays, or emotional effect of days away). The way a scheduling decision support system (DSS) leads users to make a decision should allow for flexibility, whilst minimizing users' confusion and facilitating the understanding of the recommendation given by the scheduling decision support system. Traditional approaches to solving scheduling problems use either simulation models, analytical models, heuristic approaches or a combination of these methods. When it comes to evaluate how the scheduling DSS is performing, three overarching aspects need to be reviewed: context satisfaction, process efficiency, and output quality. Appropriate training periodization and scheduling of trips and training sessions are critical for teams to optimize training and recovery processes in order to maximize health and performance. This article presents a methodological framework for designing decision-support systems for scheduling in professional team sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Schelling
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose Fernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick Ward
- Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Javier Fernández
- Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Computer Science, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sam Robertson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Divito B, McLaughlin M, Jacobs I. The Effects of L-Citrulline on Blood-Lactate Removal Kinetics Following Maximal-Effort Exercise. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:704-716. [PMID: 34013839 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1926392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of lactate in muscle and blood during high-intensity exercise is negatively correlated with the duration exercise can be sustained. Removal of lactate is a key component of acute recovery between consecutive bouts of such exercise. Low-intensity exercise enhances recovery by accelerating lactate turnover in metabolically active tissues, largely mediated by blood flow to these tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to clarify if L-citrulline, a nutritional supplement purported to promote vasodilation via enhanced nitric oxide availability, would augment the removal of blood lactate during active recovery (AR). L-citrulline ingestion will augment the rate of blood lactate concentration decrease during AR, reduce the oxygen-cost of submaximal exercise, and increase time-to-exhaustion and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) during a test of maximal aerobic power. Healthy university students (five males & five females) participated in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Participants exercised on a cycle ergometer at submaximal steady-state intensities followed by progressively increasing intensity to exhaustion, 10 min of AR, and then supramaximal intensity exercise to exhaustion. Oxygen uptake was measured throughout the trial and blood lactate was sampled repeatedly during AR. The protocol elicited very high peak blood lactate concentrations after exercise (11.3 + 1.3 mmol/L). L-citrulline supplementation did not significantly alter blood lactate kinetics during AR, the oxygen cost of exercise, V̇O2peak, or time-to-exhaustion. Despite a strong theoretical basis by which L-citrulline could augment lactate removal from the blood, L-citrulline supplementation showed no effect as an exercise-recovery supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Divito
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mackenzie McLaughlin
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ira Jacobs
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rojas-Valverde D, Gutiérrez-Vargas JC, Sánchez-Ureña B. Sport Readaptation: Where Do We Draw the Lines Between Professionals? Front Sports Act Living 2020; 1:62. [PMID: 33344985 PMCID: PMC7739741 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Grupo de Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico, Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo y Rehabilitación en Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
- Programa de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zrenner M, Küderle A, Roth N, Jensen U, Dümler B, Eskofier BM. Does the Position of Foot-Mounted IMU Sensors Influence the Accuracy of Spatio-Temporal Parameters in Endurance Running? Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E5705. [PMID: 33036477 PMCID: PMC7584014 DOI: 10.3390/s20195705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wearable sensor technology already has a great impact on the endurance running community. Smartwatches and heart rate monitors are heavily used to evaluate runners' performance and monitor their training progress. Additionally, foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) have drawn the attention of sport scientists due to the possibility to monitor biomechanically relevant spatio-temporal parameters outside the lab in real-world environments. Researchers developed and investigated algorithms to extract various features using IMU data of different sensor positions on the foot. In this work, we evaluate whether the sensor position of IMUs mounted to running shoes has an impact on the accuracy of different spatio-temporal parameters. We compare both the raw data of the IMUs at different sensor positions as well as the accuracy of six endurance running-related parameters. We contribute a study with 29 subjects wearing running shoes equipped with four IMUs on both the left and the right shoes and a motion capture system as ground truth. The results show that the IMUs measure different raw data depending on their position on the foot and that the accuracy of the spatio-temporal parameters depends on the sensor position. We recommend to integrate IMU sensors in a cavity in the sole of a running shoe under the foot's arch, because the raw data of this sensor position is best suitable for the reconstruction of the foot trajectory during a stride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Zrenner
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (N.R.); (B.M.E.)
| | - Arne Küderle
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (N.R.); (B.M.E.)
| | - Nils Roth
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (N.R.); (B.M.E.)
| | - Ulf Jensen
- Finance & IT - IT Innovation, Adidas AG, 91074 Herzogenaurach, Germany; (U.J.); (B.D.)
| | - Burkhard Dümler
- Finance & IT - IT Innovation, Adidas AG, 91074 Herzogenaurach, Germany; (U.J.); (B.D.)
| | - Bjoern M. Eskofier
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.); (N.R.); (B.M.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hagen J, Stone JD, Hornsby WG, Stephenson M, Mangine R, Joseph M, Galster S. COVID-19 Surveillance and Competition in Sport: Utilizing Sport Science to Protect Athletes and Staff during and after the Pandemic. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5030069. [PMID: 33467284 PMCID: PMC7739263 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic abruptly halted athletic competition and standard training practices, consequently generating great confusion surrounding when and how to safely reintroduce sports. Therefore, tangible solutions disseminated to performance staff, coaches, and athletes are warranted to ensure optimal levels of health and physical performance for all personnel during both the current social distancing standards as well as the impending return of competition despite continued risks. In this commentary, we offer strategies for utilizing technology and data tools as components of longitudinal COVID-19 surveillance based on ongoing research efforts as well as current guidance from governing bodies, while also serving the performance needs of the athletes and staff. Recommended data sources include digital symptom and well-being surveys, standardized and routine physical performance testing, sleep and sleep physiology monitoring, cognitive applications, and temperature. This system is flexible to numerous commercially available products and is designed for easy implementation that permits instant feedback provided directly to the athlete as well as their support staff for early intervention, ultimately mitigating COVID-19 risks. We will discuss multiple options, including examples of data, data visualizations and recommendations for data interpretation and communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hagen
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.D.S.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jason D. Stone
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.D.S.); (S.G.)
| | - W. Guy Hornsby
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
| | | | - Robert Mangine
- Athletic Department, University of Cincinnati, NovaCare Rehabilitation, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA;
| | - Michael Joseph
- Athletic Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
| | - Scott Galster
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.D.S.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hornsby WG, Fry AC, Haff GG, Stone MH. Addressing the Confusion within Periodization Research. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5030068. [PMID: 33467283 PMCID: PMC7739353 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we focus on recent problematic developments in sport science, and more specifically, problems related to periodization research. Primary areas discussed are (1) appreciation of history, (2) considerations for training studies, (3) the development of concepts, and (4) programming-driven training models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W. Guy Hornsby
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrew C. Fry
- Osness Human Performance Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - G. Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia;
| | - Michael H. Stone
- Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, SERK, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bouça-Machado R, Venturelli M, Tinazzi M, Schena F, Ferreira JJ. Treating Patients Like Athletes: Sports Science Applied to Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:228. [PMID: 32300330 PMCID: PMC7145393 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence demonstrating the benefits of exercise is indisputable for healthy subjects, and more recently, it is growing for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Due to its easy access, low cost, social facilitation and, above all, the symptomatic effect, clinical exercise may have a profound impact on PD management. Especially considering that in recent decades there have been no major advances from the pharmacological point of view. Despite this, clinical exercise use it stills limited by the existent flaws in the available evidence supporting its use and guiding its prescription as a PD therapeutic intervention. We believe that a approach from the most relevant scientific and clinical fields is crucial to establish the use of clinical exercise in PD patients' routine care. Therefore, in this viewpoint, we aim to highlight the importance of clinical exercise as a therapeutic intervention in PD, and particularly of the benefits of applying sports science principles to potentiate the use of clinical exercise as a therapeutic intervention in PD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bouça-Machado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CNS-Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joaquim J. Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CNS-Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dello Iacono A, Valentin S, Sanderson M, Halperin I. The Isometric Horizontal Push Test: Test-Retest Reliability and Validation Study. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:581-584. [PMID: 31605519 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of the isometric horizontal push test (IHPT), a newly designed test that selectively measures the horizontal component of maximal isometric force. METHODS Twenty-four active males with ≥3 years of resistance training experience performed 2 testing sessions of the IHPT, separated by 3 to 4 days of rest. In each session, subjects performed 3 maximal trials of the IHPT with 3 minutes of rest between them. The peak force outputs were collected simultaneously using a strain gauge and the criterion equipment consisting of a floor-embedded force plate. RESULTS The test-retest reliability of peak force values was nearly perfect (intraclass correlation coefficient = ∼.99). Bland-Altman analysis showed excellent agreement between days with nearly no bias for strain gauge 1.2 N (95% confidence interval [CI], -3 to 6 N) and force plate 0.8 N (95% CI, -4 to 6 N). A nearly perfect correlation was observed between the strain gauge and force plate (r = .98, P < .001), with a small bias of 8 N (95% CI, 1.2 to 15 N) in favor of the force plate. The sensitivity of the IHPT was also good, with smallest worthwhile change greater than standard error of measurement for both the strain gauge (smallest worthwhile change: 29 N; standard error of measurement: 17 N; 95% CI, 14 to 20 N) and the force plate (smallest worthwhile change: 29 N; standard error of measurement: 18 N; 95% CI, 14 to 19 N) devices. CONCLUSIONS The high degree of validity, reliability, and sensitivity of the IHPT, coupled with its affordability, portability, ease of use, and time efficacy, point to the potential of the test for assessment and monitoring purposes.
Collapse
|
36
|
Klostermann A, Mann DL. Editorial: Current Issues in Perceptual Training: Facing the Requirement to Couple Perception, Cognition, and Action in Complex Motor Behavior. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2680. [PMID: 31849782 PMCID: PMC6901661 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David L Mann
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences and Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Padulo J, Ardigò LP, Bianco M, Cular D, Madic D, Markoski B, Dhahbi W. Validity and Reliability of a New Specific Parkour Test: Physiological and Performance Responses. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1362. [PMID: 31736783 PMCID: PMC6831735 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Main aim of this study was examining validity and reliability of using a new specific Parkour repeated sprint ability test (SPRSA) for assessing repeated sprint ability while facing obstacles and establishing between-day reliability and sensitivity of SPRSA related to its physiological and performance responses. Thirteen high-level traceurs (three females) performed in random order and twice eight tests for assessing a total of 23 variables: SPRSA (a typical maximal-speed shuttle run interspersed with four Parkour competition-common fundamentals) and seven established fitness tests, core stability, hand-grip, vertical-jump, long-jump, pull-up, 300-m shuttle run (as a field test for anaerobic capacity), and Leger test. Except for muscular elasticity index of vertical jump test (intra-class Correlation Coefficient model 3,1 [ICC3,1] = 0.54 [fair]), fitness tests’ ICC3,1s resulted excellent (ICC3,1: 0.93–1.00). SPRSA total time and time of its fastest sprint (SPRSA peak time) were significantly correlated with the majority of core stability (r: −0.79 to 0.59; P < 0.01–0.05), jumping (r: −0.78 to 0.67; P < 0.01–0.05), pull-up tests (r: −0.86; P < 0.01), 300-m shuttle run test total time (r: 0.77–0.82; P < 0.01), and Leger test-estimated VO2 max (r: −0.78; P < 0.01). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the 23 variables led to extraction of four significant components (each due to different variables’ combinations), which explained 90.2% of 23 variables’ total variance. SPRSA (i.e., total and peak time) showed high reliability (ICC3,1: 0.991–0.998 and standard-error-of-measurement %: 0.07–0.32). Finally, SPRSA showed high sensitivity (smallest-worthwhile-change %: 0.29–0.68). Considering its excellent logical and strong ecological validity, SPRSA may serve as a valid specific field test for Parkour sport. In addition, thanks to its high reliability and sensitivity, this test is suitable for monitoring, evaluating, and programming training processes for Parkour practitioners in repeated sprint ability involving crossing obstacles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Padulo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Sport Performance Lab, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Psychology, University eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bianco
- Department of Psychology, University eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Drazen Cular
- Sport Performance Lab, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Dejan Madic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branko Markoski
- Technical Faculty "Mihajlo Pupin", University of Novi Sad, Zrenjanin, Serbia
| | - Wissem Dhahbi
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
di Fronso S, Fiedler P, Tamburro G, Haueisen J, Bertollo M, Comani S. Dry EEG in Sports Sciences: A Fast and Reliable Tool to Assess Individual Alpha Peak Frequency Changes Induced by Physical Effort. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:982. [PMID: 31619953 PMCID: PMC6763587 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel state-of-the-art amplifier and cap systems enable Electroencephalography (EEG) recording outside of stationary lab systems during physical exercise and body motion. However, extensive preparation time, cleaning, and limited long-term stability of conventional gel-based electrode systems pose significant limitations in out-of-the-lab conditions. Dry electrode systems may contribute to rapid and repetitive mobile EEG acquisition with significantly reduced preparation time, reduced cleaning requirements, and possible self-application by the volunteer but are known for higher channel failure probability and increased sensitivity to movement artifacts. We performed a counterbalanced repeated measure endurance cycling study to objectively validate the performance and applicability of a novel commercially available 64-channel dry electrode cap for sport science. A total of 17 healthy volunteers participated in the study, performing an endurance cycling paradigm comprising five phases: (I) baseline EEG, (II) pre-cycling EEG, (III) endurance cycling, (IV) active recovery, and (V) passive recovery. We compared the performance of the 64-channel dry electrode cap with a commercial gel-based cap system in terms of usability metrics, reliability, and signal characteristics. Furthermore, we validated the performance of the dry cap during a realistic sport science investigation, verifying the hypothesis of a systematic, reproducible shift of the individual alpha peak frequency (iAPF) induced by physical effort. The average preparation time of the dry cap was one-third of the gel-based electrode caps. The average channel reliability of the dry cap varied between 80 ± 15% (Phase I), 66 ± 19% (Phase III), and 91 ± 10% (Phase V). In comparison, the channel reliability of the gel-based cap varied between 95 ± 3, 85 ± 9, and 82 ± 9%, respectively. No considerable differences were evident for the comfort evaluations nor the signal characteristics of both caps. A within-volunteers repeated measure analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) did not show significant effects of the electrode type on the iAPF [F(1,12) = 1.670, p = 0.221, ηp2 = 0.122, Power = 0.222]. However, a significant increase of the iAPF exists from Phase II to Phases IV and V due to exhaustive physical task. In conclusion, we demonstrated that dry electrode cap is equivalent to the gel-based electrode cap based on signal characteristics, comfort, and signal information content, thereby confirming the usefulness of dry electrodes in sports science and other mobile applications involving ample movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selenia di Fronso
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrique Fiedler
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany.,eemagine Medical Imaging Solutions GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriella Tamburro
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Comani
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ruddock AD, Boyd C, Winter EM, Ranchordas M. Considerations for the Scientific Support Process and Applications to Case Studies. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:134-138. [PMID: 30427225 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Case studies are vehicles to bridge the gap between science and practice because they provide opportunities to blend observations and interventions that have taken place in real-world environments with scientific rigor. The purpose of this invited commentary is to present considerations for those providing applied sport science support to athletes with the intention of broadcasting this information to the scientific community. The authors present a 4-phased approach (1: athlete overview; 2: needs analysis; 3: intervention planning; and 4: results, evaluation, and conclusion) for scientific support to assist practitioners in the development and implementation of scientific support. These considerations are presented in the form of "performance questions" designed to guide and critically evaluate the scientific support process and aid the transfer of this knowledge through case studies.
Collapse
|
40
|
CARTER SEANL, NEWHOUSE IAN. Agreement among Six Methods of Predicting the Anaerobic Lactate Threshold in Elite Cross-Country Skiers. Int J Exerc Sci 2019; 12:155-172. [PMID: 30761194 PMCID: PMC6355128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The anaerobic lactate threshold (LTan) is used to prescribe training intensity and measure endurance capacity. The LTan identifies a critical point where small increases in workload result in large increases in blood lactate concentration. LTan is usually predicted through visual inspection of a blood lactate (bLa) vs workload plot. Numerous other methods for predicting LTan exist, and the literature lacks a consensus regarding validity of prediction methods. The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement among visual inspection (VI), maximum distance (Dmax) and modified maximum distance (Dmod) from the lactate curve, Baldari & Guidetti (BG), Dickhuth & Heck (DH) and Keul (K) methods for predicting the LTan. Blood lactate data was gathered from 8 male elite cross country skiers across two treadmill running incremental exercise tests. The above methods were used to predict LTan. Bland-Altman limits of agreement and Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient analyses were used to compare methods. Agreement was defined as 95% limits of agreement falling within a maximum allowed difference of ± 0.5 mM bLa between methods. No agreement was found among any of the prediction methods. Mean LTan calculated with the Dmax method was significantly different (p < 0.05) from mean LTan calculated using each other method. We conclude that the six methods for predicting LTan used in this study are not in agreement and should not be considered equivalent for exercise testing purposes. Future studies should compare agreement between LTan methods and the maximal lactate steady state to determine the most valid LTan prediction method.
Collapse
|
41
|
Alves IDS, Kalva-Filho CA, Aquino R, Travitzki L, Tosim A, Papoti M, Morato MP. Relationships Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Parameters With Game Technical Performance in Elite Goalball Athletes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1636. [PMID: 30524302 PMCID: PMC6256249 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aims were to compare physiological parameters from the laboratory environment (LaB) and simulated goalball games (GaM), test relationships between physiological parameters in the laboratory and game technical performance (GTP), and examine the associations between physiological and technical responses during games. Seven elite athletes from the Brazilian National Team performed in LaB environment; (i) an incremental test to determine peak oxygen consumption (O2PEAK), its corresponding speed, and peak blood lactate concentration and (ii) submaximal and supramaximal efforts to estimate maximal anaerobic contribution (AnC). In GaM condition, simulated games were also performed to determine physiological responses throughout the game, and to analyze the GTP (number of throws, defenses, recovery, and density of actions). No correlations (unclear) were found between laboratory and games analyses for O2PEAK [47.3 (17.2) vs. 25.8 (18.2) mL⋅Kg-1⋅min-1], peak blood lactate concentrations [10.2 (5.4) vs. 2.0 (0.7) mM], and total AnC [21.0 (14.0) vs. 4.8 (6.1) mL Kg-1]. O2PEAK in the laboratory condition presented very likely correlations with throw and recovery frequency in games (r = -0.87 and confidence interval [CI] = 0.41; r = -0.90 and CI = 0.35; respectively). Oxygen consumption remained above baseline while blood lactate concentration remained unchanged during the games. The very likely correlation between anaerobic alactic contribution and action density (r = 0.95 and CI = 0.25) highlights the importance of the alactic metabolism. In general, our study demonstrates that goalball can be characterized as a high-intensity intermittent effort, where athlete performance is based on aerobic metabolism predominance while determinant actions are supplied by the anaerobic alactic metabolism. Specifically, higher values of LaB vs. GaM highlighted the need for standardization of specific protocols for goalball evaluation, mainly for the reproduction of ecologically valid values. In addition, O2PEAK correlated with recovery frequency in the LaB condition, demonstrating that passive or low-intensity recovery between actions is fundamental to maintain performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dos Santos Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Kalva-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Aquino
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Travitzki
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Tosim
- National Brazilian Goalball Team, Department of Coaching, Jundiaí, Brazil.,School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Pereira Morato
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lappi O. The Racer's Mind-How Core Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise Is Reflected in Deliberate Practice Procedures in Professional Motorsport. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1294. [PMID: 30150949 PMCID: PMC6099114 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The exceptional performance of elite practitioners in domains like sports or chess is not a reflection of just exceptional general cognitive ability or innate sensorimotor superiority. Decades of research on expert performance has consistently shown that experts in all fields go to extraordinary lengths to acquire their perceptual-cognitive and motor abilities. Deliberate Practice (DP) refers to special (sub)tasks that are designed to give immediate and accurate feedback and performed repetitively with the explicit goal of improving performance. DP is generally agreed to be one of the key ingredients in acquisition of expertise (not necessarily the only one). Analyzing in detail the specific aspects of performance targeted by DP procedures may shed light on the underlying cognitive processes that support expert performance. Document analysis of professional coaching literature is one knowledge elicitation method that can be used in the early phases of inquiry to glean domain information about the skills experts in a field are required to develop. In this study this approach is applied to the domain of motor racing - specifically the perceptual-cognitive expertise enabling high-speed curve negotiation. A systematic review procedure is used to establish a corpus of texts covering the entire 60 years of professional motorsport textbooks. Descriptions of specific training procedures (that can be unambiguously interpreted as DP procedures) are extracted, and then analyzed within the hierarchical task analysis framework driver modeling. Hypotheses about the underlying cognitive processes are developed on the basis of this material. In the traditional psychological literature, steering and longitudinal control are typically considered “simple” reactive tracking tasks (model-free feedback control). The present findings suggest that—as in other forms expertise—expert level driving skill is in fact dependent on vast body of knowledge, and driven by top-down information. The knowledge elicitation in this study represents a first step toward a deeper psychological understanding of the complex cognitive underpinnings of expert performance in this domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Lappi
- Cognitive Science, Department of Digital Humanities and Helsinki Centre for Digital Humanities (Heldig), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TRUlab, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mascarin RB, De Andrade VL, Barbieri RA, Loures JP, Kalva-Filho CA, Papoti M. Dynamics of Recovery of Physiological Parameters After a Small-Sided Game in Women Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2018; 9:887. [PMID: 30050459 PMCID: PMC6050376 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Training methods based on small-sided game (SSG) seem to promote physiological and tactical benefits for soccer players as they present characteristics more specific to the game. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the hormonal, biochemical, and autonomic parameters in an acute manner and the recovery dynamics (up to 72 h after) in a SSG. Methods: Thirteen professional female soccer players participated in the study (18.8 ± 0.8 years, body mass 59.4 ± 6.2 kg, and height 1.68 ± 0.05 m). During and after the SSG session (4 min × 4 min separated by 3 min of passive interval and 120 m2 coverage per player), autonomic modulation was analyzed in the time and frequency domains using heart rate variability, and blood samples (5 ml) were collected before (0 h) and after (10 min and 24, 48, 72 h) the SSG for biochemical and hormonal analysis. Results: The SSG induced an increase effect for LF (low frequency) (92,52%; Very likely increase) and a decrease effect for HF (high frequency) values (-65,72%; Very likely decrease), after 10 min of recovery. The LF/HF increase after 10 min of recovery (386,21%; Very likely increase). The RMSSD (square root of the mean squared differences of the successive N-N intervals) and pNN50 (measure of the number of adjacent NN intervals which differ by more than 50 ms) values presented a decrease effect 10 min after SSG (61,38%; Very likely decrease and-90%; Very likely decrease). The CK (creatine kinase) values presented no changes 10 min after SSG. The LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) values presented an increase effect 10 min after the SSG (19,22%; Likely increase). Both testosterone and cortisol concentrations presented the same behavior after SSG, where no alterations were observed with after 10 min (<0,37%; Most likely trivial). Conclusion: The SSG promoted significant cardiovascular stress that was restored within the first 24 h of recovery. Parasympathetic parameters continued to increase while sympathetic parameters declined significantly during the 72 h of recovery. In addition, the reduced game did not alter biochemical or hormonal responses during the 72 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela B Mascarin
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor L De Andrade
- Post Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Barbieri
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João P Loures
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Kalva-Filho
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jones B, Weaving D, Tee J, Darrall-Jones J, Weakley J, Phibbs P, Read D, Roe G, Hendricks S, Till K. Bigger, stronger, faster, fitter: the differences in physical qualities of school and academy rugby union players. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2399-2404. [PMID: 29608414 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1458589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Limited research has compared the physical qualities of adolescent rugby union (RU) players across differing playing standards. This study therefore compared the physical qualities of academy and school Under-18 RU players. One-hundred and eighty-four (professional regional academy, n = 55 school, n = 129) male RU players underwent a physical testing battery to quantify height, body mass, strength (bench press and pull-up), speed (10, 20 and 40 m), 10 m momentum (calculated; 10 m velocity * body mass) and a proxy measure of aerobic fitness (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1; IRTL1). The practical significance of differences between playing levels were assessed using magnitude-based inferences. Academy players were taller (very likely small), heavier (likely moderate) and stronger (bench press possibly large; pull-up plus body mass likely small) than school players. Academy players were faster than school players over 20 and 40 m (possibly and likely small), although differences in 10 m speed were not apparent (possibly trivial). Academy players displayed greater 10 m momentum (likely moderate) and greater IRTL1 performance (likely small) than school players. These findings suggest that body size, strength, running momentum, 40 m speed and aerobic fitness contribute to a higher playing standard in adolescent rugby union.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jones
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK.,b Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union club , Leeds , UK.,c The Rugby Football League , Leeds , UK.,d Leeds Rhinos Rugby League club , Leeds , UK
| | - Dan Weaving
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK.,d Leeds Rhinos Rugby League club , Leeds , UK
| | - Jason Tee
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK
| | - Joshua Darrall-Jones
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK.,e Wasps Rugby Union club , Coventry , UK
| | - Jonathon Weakley
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK.,b Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union club , Leeds , UK
| | - Padraic Phibbs
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK.,b Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union club , Leeds , UK
| | - Dale Read
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK.,b Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union club , Leeds , UK
| | - Gregory Roe
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK.,f Bath Rugby Union club , Bath , UK
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK.,g University of Cape Town , Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Kevin Till
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK.,b Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union club , Leeds , UK.,d Leeds Rhinos Rugby League club , Leeds , UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bernards JR, Sato K, Haff GG, Bazyler CD. Current Research and Statistical Practices in Sport Science and a Need for Change. Sports (Basel) 2017; 5:sports5040087. [PMID: 29910447 PMCID: PMC5969020 DOI: 10.3390/sports5040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research ideologies in sport science allow for the possibility of investigators producing statistically significant results to help fit the outcome into a predetermined theory. Additionally, under the current Neyman-Pearson statistical structure, some argue that null hypothesis significant testing (NHST) under the frequentist approach is flawed, regardless. For example, a p-value is unable to measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, unable to measure the size of an effect or the importance of a result, and unable to provide a good measure of evidence regarding a model or hypothesis. Many of these downfalls are key questions researchers strive to answer following an investigation. Therefore, a shift towards a magnitude-based inference model, and eventually a fully Bayesian framework, is thought to be a better fit from a statistical standpoint and may be an improved way to address biases within the literature. The goal of this article is to shed light on the current research and statistical shortcomings the field of sport science faces today, and offer potential solutions to help guide future research practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake R Bernards
- Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - Kimitake Sato
- Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - G Gregory Haff
- Center for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Caleb D Bazyler
- Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Buszard T, Reid M, Krause L, Kovalchik S, Farrow D. Quantifying Contextual Interference and Its Effect on Skill Transfer in Skilled Youth Tennis Players. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1931. [PMID: 29163306 PMCID: PMC5676081 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contextual interference effect is a well-established motor learning phenomenon. Most of the contextual interference effect literature has addressed simple skills, while less is known about the role of contextual interference in complex sport skill practice, particularly with respect to skilled performers. The purpose of this study was to assess contextual interference when practicing the tennis serve. Study 1 evaluated tennis serve practice of nine skilled youth tennis players using a novel statistical metric developed specifically to measure between-skill and within-skill variability as sources of contextual interference. This metric highlighted that skilled tennis players typically engaged in serve practice that featured low contextual interference. In Study 2, 16 skilled youth tennis players participated in 10 practice sessions that aimed to improve serving "down the T." Participants were stratified into a low contextual interference practice group (Low CI) and a moderate contextual interference practice group (Moderate CI). Pre- and post-tests were conducted 1 week before and 1 week after the practice period. Testing involved a skill test, which assessed serving performance in a closed setting, and a transfer test, which assessed serving performance in a match-play setting. No significant contextual interference differences were observed with respect to practice performance. However, analysis of pre- and post-test serve performance revealed significant Group × Time interactions. The Moderate CI group showed no change in serving performance (service displacement from the T) from pre- to post-test in the skill test, but did display improvements in the transfer test. Conversely, the Low CI group improved serving performance (service displacement from the T) in the skill test but not the transfer test. Results suggest that the typical contextual interference effect is less clear when practicing a complex motor skill, at least with the tennis serve skill evaluated here. We encourage researchers and applied sport scientists to use our statistical metric to measure contextual interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Buszard
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia
- Game Insight Group, Tennis Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Machar Reid
- Game Insight Group, Tennis Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyndon Krause
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia
- Game Insight Group, Tennis Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kovalchik
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia
- Game Insight Group, Tennis Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damian Farrow
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia
- Skill Acquisition, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Carroll KM, Wagle JP, Sato K, DeWeese BH, Mizuguchi S, Stone MH. Reliability of a commercially available and algorithm-based kinetic analysis software compared to manual-based software. Sports Biomech 2017; 18:1-9. [PMID: 28949273 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2017.1372514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for reliable analysis techniques for kinetic data for coaches and sport scientists who employ athlete monitoring practices. The purpose of the study was: (1) to determine intra- and inter-rater reliability within a manual-based kinetic analysis program; and (2) to determine test-retest reliability of an algorithm-based kinetic analysis program. Five independent raters used a manual analysis program to analyse 100 isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) trials obtained from previously collected data. Each trial was analysed three times. The same IMTP trials were analysed using an algorithm-based analysis software. Variables measured were peak force, rate of force development from 0 to 50 ms (RFD50) and RFD from 0 to 200 ms (RFD200). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to assess intra- and inter-rater reliability. Nearly perfect reliability was observed for the manual-based (ICC > 0.92). However, poor intra- and inter-rater CV was observed for RFD (CV > 16.25% and CV > 32.27%, respectively). The algorithm-based method resulted in perfect reliability in all measurements (ICC = 1.0, CV = 0%). While manual methods of kinetic analysis may provide sufficient reliability, the perfect reliability observed within the algorithm-based method in the current study suggest it is a superior method for use in athlete monitoring programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Carroll
- a Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology , East Tennessee State University , Johnson City , TN , USA
| | - John P Wagle
- a Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology , East Tennessee State University , Johnson City , TN , USA
| | - Kimitake Sato
- a Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology , East Tennessee State University , Johnson City , TN , USA
| | - Brad H DeWeese
- a Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology , East Tennessee State University , Johnson City , TN , USA
| | - Satoshi Mizuguchi
- a Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology , East Tennessee State University , Johnson City , TN , USA
| | - Michael H Stone
- a Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology , East Tennessee State University , Johnson City , TN , USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Abstracts of European College of Sports Science conferences (1995-2014) are studied. The number of abstracts has been increasing regularly (+90 per year). This rise is in recent years largely due to extra-European countries. The magnitude and accumulation of the different topics of discussion are examined. An operational criterion determines four stages of evolution of a topic: social network, cluster, specialty, and discipline. The scientific production can, therefore, be classified as disciplinary or non-disciplinary. The disciplinary part is more important but has been less dynamic recently. The cognitive content of sport science is then explored through a multidimensional scaling of the topics based on the keywords used in the abstracts. Three areas are visible: social sciences and humanities, sports medicine and physiology, and biomechanics and neurophysiology. According to the field theory of Bourdieu ( 1975 ), three scientific habitus are distinguished. The logic of academic disciplinary excellence is the consequence of the autonomy of this scientific field, its closure, peer-review process, and barriers to entry. The distribution of scientific capital and professional capital is unequal across the three areas. Basically, conservation strategies of academic disciplinary excellence are predicted in biomechanics and neurophysiology, subversion strategies of interdisciplinarity based on professional concerns can appear in the sports medicine and physiology area, and critical strategies of interdisciplinarity based on social utility in social sciences and humanities. Moreover, additional tensions within these areas are depicted. Lastly methods based on co-citations of disciplines and boundary objects are proposed to find tangible patterns of multidisciplinarity confirming these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Champely
- a EA 7428 L-VIS (Laboratoire sur les Vulnérabilités et l'Innovation dans le Sport) , Université Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Patrick Fargier
- b EA 7424 LIBM (Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité) , Université Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Jean Camy
- a EA 7428 L-VIS (Laboratoire sur les Vulnérabilités et l'Innovation dans le Sport) , Université Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bohner JD, Hoffman JR, McCormack WP, Scanlon TC, Townsend JR, Stout JR, Fragala MS, Fukuda DH. Moderate Altitude Affects High Intensity Running Performance in a Collegiate Women's Soccer Game. J Hum Kinet 2015; 47:147-54. [PMID: 26557199 PMCID: PMC4633250 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of altitude on soccer game activity profiles was retrospectively examined in six NCAA Division I female soccer players. Comparisons were made between two matches played at sea level (SL) and one match played at a moderate altitude (1839 m). A 10-Hz global positioning system device was used to measure distance and velocity. The rate of total distance capacity (TDC) and high intensity running (HIR) as well as percent of time at HIR were evaluated. Significant differences were seen in the distance rate (120.55 ± 8.26 m·min−1 versus 105.77 ± 10.19 m·min−1) and the HIR rate (27.65 ± 9.25 m·min−1 versus 25.07 ± 7.66 m·min−1) between SL and altitude, respectively. The percent of time at HIR was not significantly different (p = 0.064), yet tended to be greater at SL (10.4 ± 3.3%) than at altitude (9.1 ± 2.2%). Results indicate that teams residing at SL and competing at a moderate altitude may have a reduced ability in distance covered and a high intensity run rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Bohner
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Jay R Hoffman
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - William P McCormack
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Tyler C Scanlon
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Jeremy R Townsend
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Maren S Fragala
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - David H Fukuda
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
KILIC KORAY, INCE MUSTAFALEVENT. Use of Sports Science Knowledge by Turkish Coaches. Int J Exerc Sci 2015; 8:21-37. [PMID: 27182411 PMCID: PMC4831854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the following research questions in Turkish coaching context: a) What are coaches' perceptions on the application of sport science research to their coaching methods? b) What sources do coaches utilize to obtain the knowledge they need? c) What barriers do coaches encounter when trying to access and apply the knowledge they need for their sport? In addition, differences in research questions responses were examined based on gender, years of coaching experience, academic educational level, coaching certificate level, coaching team or individual sports, and being paid or unpaid for coaching. The participants were 321 coaches (255 men, 66 women) from diverse sports and coaching levels working in Ankara. The questionnaire "New Ideas for Coaches" by Reade, Rodgers and Hall (2008) was translated, adapted into Turkish, and validated for the current study. According to our findings among Turkish coaches, there is a high prevalence of beliefs that sport science contributes to sport (79.8%);however, there are gaps between what coaches are looking for and the research that is being conducted. Coaches are most likely to attend seminars or consult other coaches to get new information. Scientific publications were ranked very low by the coaches in getting current information. The barriers to coaches' access to sport science research are finding out the sources of information, being able to implement the sport science knowledge into the field of coaching, lack of monetary support in acquiring knowledge, and language barriers. Also, differences in perceptions and preferences for obtaining new information were identified based on coaches' gender, coaching contexts (i.e., professional-amateur), coaching settings (i.e., team/individual), and their other demographic characteristics (i.e., coaching experience, coaching educational level, and coaching certificate level). Future coach education programs should emphasize the development of coaches' competencies in identifying and accessing eligible sports science knowledge sources and lack of money for acquiring information while also tailoring the messages based on differences in coaching contexts, coaching settings, and coaches' demographic characteristics so as to ensure successful knowledge transfer.
Collapse
|