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Webb MD, Melough MM, Earthman CP, Katz SE, Pacanowski CR. Associations between anthropometry, body composition, and body image in athletes: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1372331. [PMID: 38803833 PMCID: PMC11129708 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1372331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Poor body image is a potent risk factor for disordered eating and eating disorders. Athletes are a population at increased risk for eating disorders despite reports of lower body image concerns compared to non-athletes. Body size and composition may influence an athlete's susceptibility to poor body image. Methods Five electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) were searched to systematically evaluate the literature regarding the association between body measures (i.e., anthropometric and body composition indicators) and body image in athletes. The systematic review was completed following PRISMA guidelines and 27 cross-sectional studies were identified for inclusion and evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Results Studies differed in methodological assessment of anthropometry or body composition (i.e., self-reported versus researcher-measured), methods for evaluating aspects of body image, geographic location, and sport type. Higher body mass index (BMI) or percent body fat (%BF) was significantly associated with greater body dissatisfaction in 16 of 22 studies (72.7%). Positive associations between body measures and aspects of negative body image were most consistently observed among studies that assessed BMI based on self-reported heights and weights, while significant associations between body composition measures (e.g., %BF, fat mass, fat-free mass) were less common. Four of seven studies assessing relationships between BMI and an aspect of positive body image reported significant inverse relationships, while three revealed insignificant associations. Discussion Overall, higher BMI and body fat were associated with body dissatisfaction among athletes. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings within focused populations and utilizing body composition methods (e.g., bioelectrical impedance techniques). Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42023446518.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D. Webb
- Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Melissa M. Melough
- Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Carrie P. Earthman
- Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Sarah E. Katz
- Research and Engagement Department, Library, Museums, and Press, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Carly R. Pacanowski
- Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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Fernandes HM, Soler P, Monteiro D, Cid L, Novaes J. Psychometric Properties of Different Versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire in Female Aesthetic Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2590. [PMID: 37761787 PMCID: PMC10531348 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the psychometric properties (internal consistency and factorial validity) of different versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) in a sample of female aesthetic patients. The sample included 296 women attending aesthetic clinics, with ages ranging between 18 and 70 years (M = 32.23, SD = 11.35) and body mass index between 17.10 and 45.00 kg/m2 (M = 24.70, SD = 4.07). Nine different length versions of the BSQ (BSQ-34, BSQ-32, BSQ-16A, BSQ-16B, BSQ-14, BSQ-8A, BSQ-8B, BSQ-8C and BSQ-8D) were subjected to confirmatory factor analyses, using a robust maximum likelihood estimator. Robust fit indices indicated that the BSQ-8D version was the better-fitting and more parsimonious model (S-Bχ2/df = 1.81, CFI = 0.963, RMSEA = 0.052, SRMR = 0.043). This short version also showed appropriate reliability (McDonald's omega and composite reliability = 0.87) and a very high correlation with the original BSQ-34 version (r = 0.95). In sum, these findings suggest that the BSQ-8D is the most valid, reliable and suitable BSQ version for measuring body shape concerns in female aesthetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder Miguel Fernandes
- Polytechnic Institute of Guarda (IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Patrícia Soler
- Department of Aesthetics and Cosmetology, Unigran Capital University, Campo Grande 79010-010, Brazil;
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.M.); (L.C.)
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Luís Cid
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.M.); (L.C.)
- Research Center in Quality of Life (CIEQV), 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM), Polytechnic of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Jefferson Novaes
- Physical Education and Sports Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil;
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, São Pedro 36036-900, Brazil
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Scarpatto CH, Ley LLG, Ayala CO, Machado CR, Padoin AV, de Jezus Castro SM, Cañon-Montañez W, Mattiello R. Brazilian instrument for assessing of eating disorders in children and adolescents. Aten Primaria 2023; 55:102599. [PMID: 36905788 PMCID: PMC10023851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2023.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop the Brazilian instrument for assessing eating disorders in children and adolescents and test its psychometric quality using item response theory (IRT). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Participants aged between five and twelve years old of both sexes. MAIN MEASURES IRT logistic model of two parameters was used to evaluate the item's severity and discrimination and test information curve of symptoms of eating disorders' latent trait symptoms. Content validity and reliability were also assessed. The IRT evaluation suggested that the instrument contained items that performed differently concerning severity, discrimination, and test information curve presented good accuracy. RESULTS There was agreement on the clarity of language (83.3%) and theoretical relevance (91.7%), indicating good content validity. The value of the Cronbach's Alpha was 0.63 (95% confidence interval), and the result of the Spearman-Brown test was 0.65. CONCLUSION These results indicate good performance of the screening tool in assessing the level of eating disorders in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila H Scarpatto
- School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health and Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura L G Ley
- School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Camila O Ayala
- School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cátia Regina Machado
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vontobel Padoin
- School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rita Mattiello
- School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Lofrano-Prado MC, Donato Junior J, Lambertucci AC, Lambertucci RH, Malik N, Ritti-Dias RM, Correia MA, Botero JP, Prado WL. Recreational Physical Activity Improves Adherence and Dropout in a Non-Intensive Behavioral Intervention for Adolescents With Obesity. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:659-669. [PMID: 34672899 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1893259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare adherence and dropout rates in adolescents with obesity participating in a behavioral-counseling intervention with or without recreational physical activity (PA). Material and methods: Seventy-four adolescents (13 to 18y, 40 girls and 34 boys) with obesity (body mass index [BMI] z-score ≥ 2.0) were randomized into a counseling group (CG; n = 37) and a counseling + recreational physical activity group (CPAG; n = 37). Adolescents from both groups received behavioral counseling once a week for 12 weeks and monthly for an additional 12 weeks. CPAG adolescents participated in supervised recreational physical activity sessions twice a week for 12 weeks. Body composition, body image dissatisfaction, symptoms of depression, binge eating, bulimia, anorexia and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after 24-weeks. Result: The dropout rate was 2.73 times higher in adolescents from CG compared to CPAG (χ2 = 4.48; p = .034; R2McF = 0.044). Girls were 2.56 times more likely to withdraw when compared to boys (χ2 = 3.86; p = .049; R2McF = 0.038). Binomial logistic regression which incorporated sex, intervention group, BMI z-score and BSQ score at baseline (R2McF = 0.177) explained 75% of the dropout rate. Both interventions were effective in reducing waist circumference (p < .01) and improving quality of life, symptoms of depression, bulimia and binge eating (p < .01). Conclusion: Incorporating a recreational physical activity component to a non-intensive behavioral intervention may be a feasible strategy to reduce dropout rates in adolescents with obesity seeking treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neal Malik
- California State University - San Bernardino
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da Luz Neto LM, Pinto TCC, Sougey EB, Dionisio WÁDS, Dos Santos AV, Ximenes RCC. Risk of eating disorders, changes in salivary cortisol concentrations and nutritional status of adolescents. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2415-2423. [PMID: 35226345 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The imposition of the thin body as an ideal of beauty and the changes that occur in adolescence lead to a constant concern with adolescents' body weight, putting them at risk for eating disorders. Thus, the study sought to investigate associations between eating disorders and salivary cortisol concentrations, nutritional status and depressive symptoms in female adolescents with bulimia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1435 adolescents aged 10-19 years. The Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE) and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) questionnaires were used. A follow-up study was conducted from a random selection of female adolescents diagnosed with Bulimia Development and Well-Being Assessment-(DAWBA) to assess associations with salivary cortisol concentrations and nutritional status. RESULTS The prevalence of body dissatisfaction among adolescents with symptoms of bulimia was 37%. There was a significant difference between salivary cortisol and bulimia (Risk Group = 0.33 ± 0.20 μg/100 ml, Diagnostic Group = 0.44 ± 0.21 μg/100 ml p = 0.040), and correlation positive between the risk of bulimia with symptoms of depression (0.355 p = 0.002) and with Body Mass Index (0.259 p = 0.028). High concentrations of salivary cortisol in bulimic adolescents may be associated with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional status indicators cannot be used alone for the diagnosis of bulimia, since cortisol levels seem to be a reliable parameter in the identification of bulimia, provided they are used with other diagnostic criteria. LEVEL III Evidence obtained from cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laércio Marques da Luz Neto
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. da Engenharia, 186-298 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Tiago Coimbra Costa Pinto
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. da Engenharia, 186-298 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Everton Botelho Sougey
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. da Engenharia, 186-298 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Weslley Álex da Silva Dionisio
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. da Engenharia, 186-298 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil.
| | - Alisson Vinicius Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. da Engenharia, 186-298 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Rosana Christine Cavalcanti Ximenes
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. da Engenharia, 186-298 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-600, Brazil
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Yurtsever I, Matusiak Ł, Szepietowska M, Evans C, Szepietowski JC. Body Shape Questionnaire-34 (BSQ) and Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) - pertinent body image screening tools: Creation and validation of Polish language versions. Sci Prog 2022; 105:368504221117068. [PMID: 35929138 PMCID: PMC10450463 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221117068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body image is defined as the perception of one's own body. While positive body image has a positive impact on quality of life, self-dissatisfaction may lead to depression, anxiety and low self-esteem. Body image might be quantified and evaluated: relevant instruments include the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS).This study was designed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish versions of these instruments. METHODS Translation (both forward and backward) from the original English versions of the questionnaires met international standards. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability are reported from 89 participants for the BSQ and 103 for the FAS. The participants also completed the Polish versions of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) and the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) to explore convergent validity. RESULTS Both, Polish versions of the BSQ and the FAS demonstrated good internal consistency and reproducibility. Convergent validity revealed a moderate relationship between the BSQ and the BIQLI scores, and a strong one between the FAS and the BAS-2 scores. CONCLUSION Polish versions of both BSQ and FAS questionnaires showed sufficiently strong psychometric properties to support their use in clinical and research work with Polish speaking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Łukasz Matusiak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Szepietowska
- Student Research Group of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Chris Evans
- Departments of Psychology, University of Sheffield, UK and Universidad de Las Américas, Ecuador
| | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Gün Kakaşçı Ç, Ergün G, Sezer Balcı A. The psychometric properties and validity of the Turkish version of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale (BIPS-Turkish). Women Health 2021; 62:21-36. [PMID: 34886765 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2021.2008584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In our study, we aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale (BIPS). A total of 220 pregnant women participated in the study. The content validity of the scale was evaluated by the content validity index (CVI) and its construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability of the scale was assessed with internal consistency analysis, item analysis, test-retest reliability, and parallel forms reliability. After the modification, the t values, factor loadings and fit indices of the scale items were at a good and acceptable level (χ2 = 1114.57, df = 505, χ2/df = 2.20, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.07, CFI = 0.95, GFI = 0.90). Hence, a 34-item, 7-factor construct was confirmed for the Turkish version of the BIPS. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the overall scale was 0.90 and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficients of the subscales were within the range of 0.65-0.94. Test-retest and parallel forms reliability of the scale were at a sufficient level. In conclusion, it was determined that BIPS can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate body image perceptions of Turkish pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Gün Kakaşçı
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Gül Ergün
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Sezer Balcı
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Brugiolo ASS, Santos ER, Ribeiro PCS, Carnaúba FRN. Insatisfação corporal e procedimentos estéticos em estudantes universitários. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/21008128042021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A insatisfação com a imagem corporal ocorre quando o indivíduo deseja que seu corpo seja diferente da forma como o percebe. Os jovens, nesse contexto, tendem a apresentar preocupações com o corpo que podem afetar sua saúde física e psicológica. Este estudo objetivou identificar o grau de insatisfação corporal e possíveis intervenções estéticas feitas por universitários. Trata-se de um estudo observacional e transversal feito a partir de um questionário digital autoaplicável enviado por e-mail. Foram incluídos na pesquisa discentes a partir de 18 anos, regularmente matriculados na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, campus Governador Valadares (UFJF/GV) entre janeiro e março de 2020. Participaram 299 discentes: 81,6% são do sexo feminino; 68,2% têm renda familiar de até quatro salários mínimos; 34,8% cursavam fisioterapia; 64,5% eram pessoas que desconheciam a Fisioterapia Dermatofuncional; 21,1% eram indivíduos que já haviam realizado algum procedimento estético; e 85,3% relataram vontade de realizar procedimentos estéticos principalmente relacionados à redução da gordura localizada, sendo a falta de dinheiro o principal obstáculo para a realização dos procedimentos desejados. Sobre a insatisfação corporal, avaliada através do Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8), 33,4% dos participantes apresentaram “nenhuma preocupação com a forma” e 14,8%, “acentuada preocupação com a forma”. Foi possível associar insatisfação corporal e a vontade de realizar algum procedimento estético com maior frequência entre os participantes que responderam sim em todas as classificações do BSQ-8. Apesar do baixo grau de insatisfação corporal entre a maioria dos participantes, uma parcela deles apresentou acentuada preocupação com a forma, destacando-se a necessidade de promover ações educativas para evitar impactos negativos na saúde física e mental.
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Body dissatisfaction, rumination and attentional disengagement toward computer-generated bodies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Escrivá D, Moreno-Latorre E, Caplliure-Llopis J, Benet I, Barrios C. Relationship of Overweight and Obesity with Body Self-Image Dissatisfaction in Urban Mediterranean Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157770. [PMID: 34360067 PMCID: PMC8345661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze whether weight status has a relationship with the prevalence of body self-image dissatisfaction in Mediterranean urban teenagers. A series of 809 adolescents aged 11 to 17 years underwent anthropometric measurements according to ISAK protocols and completed the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). The overall overweight prevalence according to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria was 11.5%, and 2.7% for obesity. Girls showed higher overweight prevalence than boys (18.4% vs. 12.9%; p < 0.05). At the late adolescence period (16–17 y), obesity was observed in the boys but not in the girls (8.7% vs. 0%; p < 0.01). There was a relative low prevalence of body image (BI) dissatisfaction among participants (boys 17.3%; girls 22.7%). In the late adolescence period, the girls were more often classified as being dissatisfied (31%). A weak correlation between the BSQ scores and all the anthropometric variables related to the adiposity profile was detected only in the boys. A logistic regression confirmed that female adolescents and the late pubertal period had a significant association with body dissatisfaction, regardless of their weight status. As BI are not related to weight status measured by body mass index (BMI) percentiles, other factors beyond anthropometry deserve further research to explain BI concerns specifically in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Escrivá
- Intensive Care Unit, La Fe Polytechnic and University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Nursing Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Valencia Catholic University, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Moreno-Latorre
- School of Psychology and Education Sciences, Valencia Catholic University, 46110 Godella, Spain;
| | - Jordi Caplliure-Llopis
- Institute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Valencia Catholic University, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Primary Health Care Services, La Ribera University Hospital, 46600 Alzira, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Benet
- Surgical Nursing Division, Valencia Clinic Hospital, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Carlos Barrios
- Primary Health Care Services, La Ribera University Hospital, 46600 Alzira, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-610-408-001
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Evaluating different versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire and invariance across age in Mexican women. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:515-523. [PMID: 32086790 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the factorial structure of the eight short versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and analyze the factorial invariance of the best model, its convergent validity and its internal consistency in three age groups of Mexican women. METHODS Women attending middle school (n = 261), high school (n = 245) and university (n = 296) participated in the study; their average age was 16.52 years (SD = 2.98), and they completed the BSQ, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) and the Questionnaire on the Influences of the Aesthetic Body Ideal (CIMEC, its acronym in Spanish). RESULTS The BSQ-8D model showed the best goodness-of-fit indices and evidence for configural, metric, scalar and structural invariance. Both the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the Omega coefficient for the BSQ-8D were .89. Likewise, the BSQ-8D was correlated with the EAT-40 (r = .60, p < .001) and the CIMEC (r = .77, p < .001), and both the total score and its items discriminated between women with and without abnormal eating behaviors (p < .001). CONCLUSION The BSQ-8D has the best psychometric properties for the measurement of body dissatisfaction in the general population of Mexican women. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Simões CF, Junior NN, Locatelli JC, de Souza Mendes VH, de Oliveira GH, Werneck AO, dos Santos TLC, Remor JM, Oliveira RP, Lopes WA. A structural equation modeling associating obesity and body dissatisfaction with health-related biopsychosocial parameters in adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dunker KLL, Alvarenga MDS, Teixeira PC, Grigolon RB. Effects of participation level and physical activity on eating behavior and disordered eating symptoms in the Brazilian version of the New Moves intervention: data from a cluster randomized controlled trial. SAO PAULO MED J 2021; 139:269-278. [PMID: 33978130 PMCID: PMC9625004 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0420.r2.04022021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood and adolescent obesity is a worldwide public health concern. The New Moves program aims to change eating behavior (EB) and physical activity (PA). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention and predictors of better outcomes relating to EB and PA levels. DESIGN AND SETTING Secondary data from a cluster randomized controlled trial in 10 public schools in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS 270 female adolescents, aged 12 to 14 years, were analyzed. Participation levels were categorized as presence in 1 to 9 sessions or 10 to 17 sessions, or control. Effectiveness was evaluated through improvement in disordered EB (DEB) and EB. Predictors of better outcomes relating to PA levels were evaluated through clustering of individual characteristics that affected changes in PA scores. RESULTS Participation level was not significantly associated with changes in DEB or EB. Girls with higher body mass index percentile (BMI-P) percentile tended to have increases in sedentary lifestyles through the program. Girls with less body image dissatisfaction presented higher increases in daily PA. Girls with higher BMI-P percentile and higher self-esteem showed reductions in sedentary lifestyles. The program seemed to have more effect on daily PA among older girls than among younger girls. CONCLUSIONS This program could be used as a structured action plan in schools, with the aims of improving eating behaviors and physical activity, in addition to promoting self-acceptance. The results indicate the importance of evaluating determinants of adherence, as these metrics might influence the effectiveness and future design of lifestyle programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Louise Lenz Dunker
- PhD. Nutritionist and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Marle dos Santos Alvarenga
- PhD. Nutritionist and Professor, Department of Nutrition, Faculdade de Saúde Pública (FSP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Paula Costa Teixeira
- PhD. Physical Educator and Professor, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo (AMBULIM-IPq-HC-FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Ruth Bartelli Grigolon
- MSc. Nutritionist and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
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Fortes LDS, Ferreira MEC, Oliveira SMFD, Fiorese L, Almeida SS. EQUATION FOR EATING DISORDER RISK BEHAVIORS IN FEMALE ATHLETES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202606153892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: It is difficult to detect athletes at risk of eating disorders. Objective: The aim of this study was to create a predictive equation for eating disorder risk behaviors (EDRB) in female athletes. Methods: 484 athletes participated in the study. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to assess EDRB. The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 was used to analyze the sociocultural influence on body image. The Body Shape Questionnaire and the Body Checking and Avoidance Questionnaire were used to assess body dissatisfaction in relation to thinness, and body checking, respectively. Skinfold thickness, body weight and height were also measured. The demographic data collected were age and weekly training regime. Results: The findings indicate that body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), sociocultural influence, body checking and body dissatisfaction in relation to thinness explain 23% of the EDRB variance (p = 0.001). The results showed no difference between the EAT-26 scores and the predictive equation (p = 0.27). Conclusion: It was concluded that the predictive equation is reliable for evaluating EDRB in female athletes. Level of evidence III; study case-control.
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Fantineli ER, Silva MPD, Campos JG, Malta Neto NA, Pacífico AB, Campos WD. [Body image among adolescents: the association between nutritional status and physical activity]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:3989-4000. [PMID: 32997030 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320202510.30442018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to verify the association between nutritional status and physical activity with the perception of body image satisfaction in a sample of adolescents from Curitiba, State of Paraná. The sample consisted of 844 adolescents of 11 to 17 years of age. The level of physical activity was evaluated by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Body image perception was assessed by the Silhouette Shape Scale and the Body Shape Questionnaire. The association between nutritional status and level of physical activity with satisfaction with body image was performed through multinomial logistic regression to obtain the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05. Overweight/obesity was positively associated with moderate and severe body image dissatisfaction (BID) among girls (OR: 6.20; 95%CI: 2.62 - 14.66 and OR: 6.20; 95%CI: 4.10 - 9.36) and boys (OR: 1.95; 95%CI: 1.06 - 3.59 e OR: 3.91; 95%CI: 2.57 - 5.95) and with the desire to decrease the silhouette for boys and girls (OR: 4.86; 95%CI: 3.37 - 7.00 and OR: 6.46; 95%CI: 4.12 - 10.14). The level of physical activity was not associated with BID. Adolescents who are overweight and obese are more likely to admit to BID. Physical activity was not related to BID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmar Roberto Fantineli
- Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Paraná. R. Padre Camargo 280, Alto da Glória. 80060-240 Curitiba PR Brasil.
| | | | - Jhonatan Gritten Campos
- Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Paraná. R. Padre Camargo 280, Alto da Glória. 80060-240 Curitiba PR Brasil.
| | - Nicolau Augusto Malta Neto
- Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Paraná. R. Padre Camargo 280, Alto da Glória. 80060-240 Curitiba PR Brasil.
| | - Ana Beatriz Pacífico
- Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Paraná. R. Padre Camargo 280, Alto da Glória. 80060-240 Curitiba PR Brasil.
| | - Wagner de Campos
- Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Paraná. R. Padre Camargo 280, Alto da Glória. 80060-240 Curitiba PR Brasil.
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Sanchez-Cabrero R. Mejora de la satisfacción corporal en la madurez a través de un programa específico de imagen corporal. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy19.mscm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Se compara la mejora lograda en satisfacción corporal por un programa específico de intervención en imagen corporal en personas mayores con los resultados obtenidos en programas de intervención y animación social, con el propósito de valorar si son significativamente mejores que otros programas de carácter social. De ser así, resulta relevante intervenir específicamente sobre la satisfacción corporal durante la vejez para evitar otros problemas relacionados como la depresión o la baja autoestima. En el estudio, se analizan las conexiones encontradas entre el género, la edad y la presencia de pareja sentimental estable, como características de gran importancia para la satisfacción corporal. Los resultados muestran que, aunque la relevancia de la satisfacción corporal durante esa etapa es cualitativamente diferente a edades anteriores, la intervención específica en imagen corporal es significativamente más efectiva que otros programas preventivos o que la maduración experimental.
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Body image disorders associated with lifestyle and body composition of female adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:95-105. [PMID: 32301410 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between body image disorders and the lifestyle and body composition of female adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Silhouette Scale and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 were used to evaluate the participants' body image. Body composition was evaluated by a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry equipment, and lifestyles were identified by latent class analysis (LCA) using the poLCA package for R. PARTICIPANTS Female adolescents aged 14-19 years old, in the city of Viçosa-MG, Brazil. RESULTS In total, 405 girls participated in the study. Almost half of the participants were dissatisfied with their current physical appearance (51·4 %), presented body perception distortions (52·9 %). 47·3 % of the adolescents were dissatisfied with their body according to the BSQ, and another 8 % severely so. Subjects with an 'Inactive and Sedentary' latent lifestyle were 1·71 times as likely to feel dissatisfied as those with active and sedentary or inactive and non-sedentary lifestyles (95 % CI 1·08, 2·90, P = 0·047). Body image disorders showed an association with decreased amounts of moderate and vigorous physical activity, high screen time, increased alcohol consumption and excess body fat. CONCLUSIONS Particular patterns of lifestyle and body composition seem to be associated in female adolescents with dissatisfaction with, distortion of and excessive concern about appearance. Specifically, physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, alcohol consumption and high body fat percentage may be strongly linked to body image disorders.
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Guimarães TJ, Perez A, Dunker KLL. Impacto de práticas parentais de peso e dieta na imagem corporal de adolescentes do sexo feminino. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar as práticas parentais de peso e alimentação e sua relação com a insatisfação da imagem corporal em adolescentes. Métodos As análises referem-se aos dados de base de um ensaio clínico randomizado previamente realizado com 270 adolescentes do sexo feminino de escolas públicas de São Paulo que participaram do Programa New Moves Brasil durante os anos de 2014 e 2015. Dados antropométricos, nível econômico, insatisfação com a imagem corporal, autoestima e práticas parentais sobre a ótica das adolescentes quanto à alimentação e corpo foram coletados. Um modelo de regressão logística múltipla foi conduzido para avaliar a influência das variáveis sobre a insatisfação com a imagem corporal das adolescentes. Resultados Adolescentes que estavam acima do peso tinham média/baixa autoestima, sofriam provocações relativas ao peso e faziam menos refeições em família tiveram associação com a insatisfação com a imagem corporal. Na análise de regressão, somente o comentário sobre o peso da filha foi considerado como um fator de risco, e esse deixa de existir quando há o convívio de ambos os pais com as filhas. Em relação à influência do pai, no modelo de convivência familiar, ele pode ser tanto um modelo positivo, na influência de escolhas saudáveis, quanto negativo, ao fazer provocações sobre peso e o incentivar fazer dietas. Conclusões Práticas parentais relacionadas ao peso e alimentação são consideradas de risco para o desenvolvimento de uma insatisfação com a imagem corporal e consequente predisposição a problemas relacionados ao peso.
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Sánchez-Cabrero R, León-Mejía AC, Arigita-García A, Maganto-Mateo C. Improvement of Body Satisfaction in Older People: An Experimental Study. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2823. [PMID: 31920858 PMCID: PMC6920176 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging typically manifests itself in a variety of physical and cognitive alterations and challenges that are not always easily accepted. Feeling dissatisfied with these changes can also affect the mood and self-esteem of older people causing body image problems. The present study focuses on body satisfaction in Spanish older people (176 participants; M and SD = 64.03 ± 1 8.06; age range 50 to over 75) by employing experimental research to test whether psychosocial interventions may have a positive impact. Our aims are threefold: (1) To describe the body satisfaction of older people considering intervening variables, such as age, gender, having a stable partner, time of the year, and place of residence; (2) to compare body satisfaction improvement in older people participating in a specific body satisfaction program designed for this purpose versus a non-specific program run by the Spanish Red Cross; and (3) to examine the relationship between age, gender, having a stable partner, time of the year, place of residence, body satisfaction and participating in the experimental condition. The IMAGINA specific body image program yielded a significant improvement in body satisfaction when compared with the non-specific program in both men and women regardless of marital status and in some age groups: 50 to 54 years old, 60 to 64 years old, and 65 to 69. Male participants, as well as singles, were more satisfied with their bodies, and the contrary was true for divorced and separated. The IMAGINA program was particularly useful in participants with more body image problems. As shown, the pressure to fit beauty standards and related problems do not go away with age, a fact that is embodied and experienced differently in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sánchez-Cabrero
- Department of Social Sciences and Applied Languages, Alfonso X el Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana C. León-Mejía
- Department of Psychology of Education and Psychobiology, International University of La Rioja (UNIR), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya Arigita-García
- Department of Social Sciences and Applied Languages, Alfonso X el Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Maganto-Mateo
- Department of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
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Okada LM, Miranda RR, Pena GDG, Levy RB, Azeredo CM. Association between exposure to interpersonal violence and social isolation, and the adoption of unhealthy weight control practices. Appetite 2019; 142:104384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fortes LDS, Almeida SS, Ferreira MEC. DO TRAINING REGIMEN AND COMPETITIVE LEVEL AFFECT BODY IMAGE DISSATISFACTION (LEANNESS AND MUSCLE TONE) IN FEMALE ATHLETES? REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192505141766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Studies that seek analyze the relationship between sport variables and body image are importants, because indicate if the competitive sport environment influence on body feelings of athlete. Objective To analyze the relationship between sports variables (training regimen and competitive level) and dissatisfaction in regard to leanness and muscle tone in female athletes. Methods One hundred and eighty female athletes aged over 12 years from various sport disciplines participated in the study. We used the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) to assess dissatisfaction in regard to leanness. The dissatisfaction subscale of Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) was used to evaluate dissatisfaction with muscle tone. Training regimen (frequency x daily hours of training) and competitive level were acquired through a questionnaire developed by the actual investigators. Results The findings indicated a statistically significant relationship between the training regimen (F(1, 179)=4.01; p=0.047) and competitive level (F(2, 178)=3.59; p=0.031) and the BSQ scores. Moreover, the results indicated a statistically significant relationship between the training regimen (F(1, 179)=4.01; p=0.047) and the competitive level (F(2, 178)=3.59; p=0.031), with DMS dissatisfaction subscale scores. Conclusion Sports variables (training regimen and competitive level) were related to dissatisfaction in regard to leanness and muscle tone, although they demonstrated different magnitudes. Level of evidence III; study case-control.
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Kling J, Kwakkenbos L, Diedrichs PC, Rumsey N, Frisén A, Brandão MP, Silva AG, Dooley B, Rodgers RF, Fitzgerald A. Systematic review of body image measures. Body Image 2019; 30:170-211. [PMID: 31394462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review synthesizes and critically appraises measurement properties of influential body image measures. Eight measures that met the definition of an assessment of body image (i.e., an individual's cognitive or affective evaluation of their body or appearance with a positive or negative valence), and scored high on systematic expert priority ranking, were included. These measures were: the Body Appreciation Scale (original BAS and BAS-2), the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Centre for Appearance Research Valence Scale, the Drive for Muscularity Scale, two subscales of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, one subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory 3, and two subscales of the Multidimensional Body Relations Questionnaire. Articles assessing these scales' psychometric properties (N = 136) were evaluated for their methodological quality using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist, and a best evidence synthesis was performed. The results supported the majority of measures in terms of reliability and validity; however, suitability varied across populations, and some measurement properties were insufficiently evaluated. The measures are discussed in detail, including recommendations for their future use in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kling
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Linda Kwakkenbos
- Behavioural Science Institute, Clinical Psychology, Radboud University, Postbus 9104, 6500, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Phillippa C Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS161QY, UK.
| | - Nichola Rumsey
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS161QY, UK.
| | - Ann Frisén
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria Piedade Brandão
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Cintesis, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Anabela G Silva
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Cintesis, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Barbara Dooley
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France.
| | - Amanda Fitzgerald
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Amaral ACS, Stice E, Ferreira MEC. A controlled trial of a dissonance-based eating disorders prevention program with Brazilian girls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 32:13. [PMID: 32026167 PMCID: PMC6967323 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-019-0126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that most young women with eating disorders do not receive treatment, implementing effective prevention programs is a public health priority. The Body Project is a group-based eating disorder prevention program with evidence of both efficacy and effectiveness. This trial evaluated the efficacy of this prevention program with Brazilian girls, as no published study has tested whether this intervention is culturally sensitive and efficacious with Latin-American adolescents. METHODS Female students were allocated to a dissonance-based intervention (n = 40) or assessment-only (n = 22) condition. The intervention was a dissonance-based program, consisted of four group sessions aimed to reduce thin-ideal internalization. The sessions included verbal, written, and behavioral exercises. The intervention group was evaluated at pretest and posttest; assessment-only controls completed measures at parallel times. RESULTS Compared to assessment-only controls, intervention participants showed a significantly greater reduction in body dissatisfaction, sociocultural influence of the media, depressive symptoms, negative affect, as well as significantly greater increases in body appreciation. There were no significant effects for disordered eating attitudes and eating disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that this dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program was culturally sensitive, or at least culturally adaptive, and efficacious with Brazilian female adolescents. Indeed, the average effect size was slightly larger than has been observed in the large efficacy trial of this prevention program and in recent meta-analytic reviews. TRIAL REGISTRATION RBR-7prdf2 . Registered 13 August 2018 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Soares Amaral
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southern of Minas Gerais, 204 Monsenhor José Augusto, São José, Barbacena, 36205-018, Brazil.
| | - Eric Stice
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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da Silva WR, Swami V, Nogueira Neves A, Marôco J, Ochner CN, Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos J. The Body Shape Questionnaire Is Not Invariant Across Sex: Evidence From Portuguese-Speaking University Students. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 126:462-476. [PMID: 30922204 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519839537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) is a widely used measure of body shape concerns that was originally designed for use with women but has more recently been used with boys and men. The latter use may be problematic, given that no previous study has demonstrated sex invariance for BSQ scores. To determine the extent to which BSQ scores are sex invariant, we asked Portuguese-speaking women ( n = 1,613) and men ( n = 871) to complete the full BSQ (34 items). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a hypothesized 32-item model of BSQ scores and shorter versions had acceptable fit indices in women and men, separately. However, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that these BSQ model scores had configural but not metric, scalar, or strict sex invariance. Differential item analysis indicated significant item-functioning differences on 19 of the 32 retained BSQ items. Thus, BSQ scores are not sex invariant, making problematic the results of previous studies that have compared latent BSQ scores across sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Roberto da Silva
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science of São Paulo State University, Brazil
| | - Viren Swami
- 2 Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.,3 Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Angela Nogueira Neves
- 4 Division of Research and extension of School of Physical Education of the Army, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Marôco
- 5 William James Center for Research, University Institute of Psychological, Social, and Life Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christopher N Ochner
- 6 Hospital Corporation of America, Physician Services Group, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Lemes DCM, Câmara SG, Alves GG, Aerts D. Body image satisfaction and subjective wellbeing among ninth-grade students attending state schools in Canoas, Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:4289-4298. [PMID: 30540012 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182312.14742016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, body image is linked to subjective well-being. This study aimed to identify variables related to overall well-being (life satisfaction, health perception, happiness, and optimism) that discriminate between teenagers who are satisfied with body image and those who are dissatisfied. A cross-sectional, school- based study was conducted involving a sample of 1,460 ninth-grade students attending state schools in Canoas in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The following instruments were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire; the Economic Classification Criteria Brazil; the Body Shape Questionnaire; the Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale; the Happiness Measures; and health perception and perceived optimism. The data was analyzed using univariate analysis and multiple discriminant analysis. A total of 1,091 participants (74.7%) were satisfied with their body image. The variables that contributed most to the discrimination between groups were sex (0.680), self satisfaction (0.644), health perception (0.630), and level of happiness with health (0.601). Adopting an approach where having a positive body image is seen as a key element of mental and physical health can help make health care services more accessible to adolescents and promote more effective and less regulatory care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carolina Molina Lemes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva , Universidade Luterana do Brasil . R. São Luis 101, Centro. 92420-280 Canoas RS Brasil .
| | - Sheila Gonçalves Câmara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia e Saúde , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre . Porto Alegre RS Brasil
| | - Gehysa Guimarães Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde , Universidade Luterana do Brasil . Canoas RS Brasil
| | - Denise Aerts
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva , Universidade Luterana do Brasil . R. São Luis 101, Centro. 92420-280 Canoas RS Brasil .
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Morais NDSD, Miranda VPN, Priore SE. Imagem corporal de adolescentes do sexo feminino e sua associação à composição corporal e ao comportamento sedentário. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:2693-2703. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018238.12472016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a imagem corporal e sua associação à composição corporal, indicadores antropométricos e comportamento sedentário de adolescentes do sexo feminino. Estudo transversal com adolescentes do sexo feminino de Viçosa, MG. A imagem corporal foi avaliada por meio do Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e pela Escala de Silhuetas. O percentual de gordura (%GC) e outros parâmetros antropométricos foram aferidos. O comportamento sedentário (CS) foi avaliado a partir da soma do tempo de tela (TT) e do tempo de celular (TC). A amostra foi composta por 274 adolescentes, a maioria com IMC adequado (81,6%), porém, 53,9% apresentaram o % GC elevado. Mais da metade das adolescentes apresentaram o CS elevado, 68,2% com o TT e 54,7% com o TC acima de 2h. A insatisfação corporal manifestou-se em 45,7%, e 50,2% desejaram uma silhueta diferente da atual. O perímetro da cintura (PC) (OR = 11,94, IC = 2,744 – 51,728) e a relação cintura-estatura (RCE) (OR = 10,535, IC = 3,109 – 35,698) foram as medidas mais associadas à insatisfação corporal. Todas as medidas de composição corporal apresentaram associação significativa com a insatisfação corporal, sendo o PC e o RCE os fatores mais condicionantes. O CS mostrou-se elevado, no entanto, não se associou com a avaliação negativa da imagem corporal.
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Fortes LDS, Ferreira MEC, Oliveira SFMD, Paes PP, Almeida SS. Influência da insatisfação corporal direcionada à magreza na restrição alimentar e nos sintomas bulímicos: uma investigação prospectiva com jovens nadadoras. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Regis JMO, Ramos-Cerqueira ATA, Lima MCP, Torres AR. Social anxiety symptoms and body image dissatisfaction in medical students: prevalence and correlates. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and body image dissatisfaction (BID) are common problems among college students, but few studies focused on medical students. We aimed to estimate the prevalence, severity and correlates of SAD symptoms and BID among medical students of a Brazilian public university. Methods A cross-sectional study with 479 students, using structured instruments: Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Bivariate analyses were followed by logistic regression models to obtain independent predictors of SAD symptoms, BID and both outcomes combined. Results Most students were single (99%) and female (58.7%). The prevalence rates of SAD symptoms (SPIN ≥ 19) and BID (BSQ ≥ 81) were 36.3% and 34.7%, respectively. Depressive symptoms (BDI ≥ 19) occurred in 8.8% of the sample. SAD symptoms were independently associated with: BID, thoughts of abandoning the course, difficulty making friends, depressive symptoms, and mental health treatment prior to university. Besides SAD symptoms, BID was associated with female sex, difficulty making friends, depressive symptoms, and body mass index (BMI). Seventy-eight students (16.3%) presented SAD symptoms and BID, which was associated with female sex, difficulty making friends, dissatisfaction with the course, depressive symptoms and BMI. Conclusion SAD symptoms and BID are common and related problems that should be screened for among medical students. The identification of specific correlates could contribute to the elaboration of preventive measures, minimizing the distress and negative impact of these mental health problems on relationships and academic performance.
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Miranda VPN, Morais NSD, Faria ERD, Amorim PRDS, Marins JCB, Franceschini SDCC, Teixeira PC, Priore SE. BODY DISSATISFACTION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR IN FEMALE ADOLESCENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 36:482-490. [PMID: 29791682 PMCID: PMC6322812 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2018;36;4;00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the association of body image with physical activity level, body
composition, and sedentary behavior (SB) of female adolescents. Methods: Exploratory cross-sectional study conducted with 120 female adolescents aged
between 14-19 years, from the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Southeast
Brazil. Body image was evaluated with a Body Silhouette Scale (BSS) and a
Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Weight, height, and waist circumference
values were analyzed, as well as the waist-to-height ratio and body fat
percentage. The physical activity level (PAL) was assessed by 24-hour
Physical Activity Recall and SB by screen time, that is, time spent in front
of a TV, playing video game, on the computer and using tablets, and,
separately, the cell phone time. Results: Mean age was 16.5±1.5 years, and most adolescents were eutrophic (77.6%),
sedentary/low PAL (84.2%), with high screen time (85.2%) and cell phone time
(58.7%). Body dissatisfaction was stated in 40.6% of BSQ and 45.8% of BSS
evaluations. Body distortion was identified in 52.9% of participants. All
body composition measures, along with cell phone time and PAL, were
associated with body dissatisfaction, the more active adolescents presenting
higher levels of dissatisfaction. Conclusions: This study concluded that female adolescents with higher cell phone time
also present higher body dissatisfaction, as well as the most physically
active ones. All body composition measurements were associated with body
dissatisfaction, mainly body mass index, waist circumference, and
waist-to-height ratio.
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Ribeiro-Silva RDC, Fiaccone RL, Conceição-Machado MEPD, Ruiz AS, Barreto ML, Santana MLP. Body image dissatisfaction and dietary patterns according to nutritional status in adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94:155-161. [PMID: 28801145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of data on the association between body self-perception and eating patterns in Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and eating patterns by the anthropometric status in adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 1496 adolescents was conducted. The participants completed the Body Shape Questionnaire. Demographic, anthropometric, and socioeconomic data were collected, as well as information regarding the pubertal development and dietary intake. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of interest. RESULTS Body image dissatisfaction was identified in 19.5% of the adolescents. Three dietary patterns were identified: (1) the Western pattern was composed of sweets and sugars, soft drinks, typical dishes, pastries, fast food, beef, milk, and dairy products; (2) the Traditional pattern was composed of oils, chicken, fish, eggs, processed meat products, cereals (rice, cassava flour, pasta, etc.), baked beans, and bread; and (3) the Restrictive pattern was composed of granola, roots, vegetables, and fruit. Among overweight/obese adolescents, the data indicated a negative association of slight body image dissatisfaction (OR: 0.240 [0.100; 0.576]) and moderate body image dissatisfaction (OR: 0.235 [0.086; 0.645]) with the Western dietary pattern. Additionally, in this group, there was a positive association between high body image dissatisfaction and the Restrictive pattern (OR: 2.794 [1.178; 6.630]). CONCLUSION Amongst overweight/obese adolescents, those with slight and moderate body image dissatisfaction were less likely to follow a Western-like dietary pattern when compared with those satisfied with their body image. Additionally, in this group, adolescents with high body image dissatisfaction was more likely to follow a restrictive pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Escola de Nutrição, Departamento Ciência da Nutrição, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Ana Santos Ruiz
- Universidad de Alicante, Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maurício Lima Barreto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Mônica Leila Portela Santana
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Escola de Nutrição, Departamento Ciência da Nutrição, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Ribeiro‐Silva RDC, Fiaccone RL, Conceição‐Machado MEPD, Ruiz AS, Barreto ML, Santana MLP. Body image dissatisfaction and dietary patterns according to nutritional status in adolescents. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Mazzaia MC, Santos RMC. Fatores de risco para transtornos alimentares em graduandos de enfermagem. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0194201800065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo: Identificar a presença de fatores de risco em estudantes de enfermagem para o desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com graduandos de enfermagem de universidade pública, onde foi utilizado questionário de caracterização, Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT) e Questionário de Imagem Corporal (BSQ). Para análise dos dados foi utilizado análise descritiva, correlação de Pearson e regressão linear. Resultados: de 120 graduandos, 30 (25%) apresentaram alteração do comportamento alimentar, 55 (45,8%) insatisfação com imagem corporal. Observou-se correlação simples positiva entre os instrumentos EAT e BSQ (p<0,001) onde 20 (66,7%) dos 55 graduandos com alterações de BSQ apresentaram também alterações de EAT; associação significativa entre comportamento alimentar de risco (EAT) e o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) acima do estado de eutrofia; associação significativa entre preocupação com a imagem corporal (BQS) e o ano de graduação, com destaque para terceiro e quarto anos. Houve diferença significativa entre os instrumentos utilizados e idade, a mostrar que, na amostra estudada, os graduandos mais jovens apresentaram-se com maior risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares. Conclusão: Graduandos de enfermagem apresentaram fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares com a presença de preocupação com imagem corporal e alteração de comportamento alimentar. Etiologia multifatorial dos transtornos alimentares sugere que pesquisas devem focalizar prevenção, com foco na construção, em jovens, de conceito positivo sobre autoimagem e sobre si mesmos, a desenvolver o pensamento crítico sobre padrões de imagem e imposições midiáticas e sociais.
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Dunker KLL, Claudino AM. Validity and Reliability of the Brazilian Version of the Weight Control Behaviors Scale. J Pediatr 2017; 189:143-148.e1. [PMID: 28709630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate the weight-control behaviors (WCBs) scale and to evaluate its psychometric properties. STUDY DESIGN We made use of data from a cluster-randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of the Brazilian New Moves Program. The Brazilian New Moves Program was a multicomponent intervention aimed at preventing weight-related problems among adolescent girls in public schools in São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS Healthy and unhealthy WCBs were strongly associated. A 2-factor solution was the best model to explain the correlation across items, including following constructs: (1) healthy WCB: exercising, eating more fruits and vegetables, drinking less regular soda or sweetened drinks, eating fewer sweets, and paying attention to portion sizes; and (2) unhealthy WCB: skipping meals and the presence of any other, combined unhealthy weight-control behaviors, including fasting, eating little, going on a diet, vomiting, taking diet pills, using diuretics (water pills), using laxatives, using food substitutes (powder/special drinks), and smoking more cigarettes. The WCB scale was determined to be reliable (internally consistent) and valid, with high scores positively associated with body dissatisfaction and high body mass index values. Individual reliability values were high for factors representing healthy and unhealthy WCBs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the use of the WCB scale as a screening tool for overall weight control behaviors among female adolescents. This assessment tool should be considered in future observational and experimental prospective studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-6ddpb3.
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Amaral ACS, Ferreira MEC. Body dissatisfaction and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: A longitudinal study. Body Image 2017; 22:32-38. [PMID: 28570920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a longitudinal investigation of body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls, in order to evaluate the influence of biological, psychological, and sociocultural predictors for body dissatisfaction, and its association with eating disorder symptoms. Validated self-administered scales were selected, thereby assessing the various aspects of body image, symptoms of eating disorders, depression, and self-esteem. Four hundred and ninety-eight adolescents (236 girls) participated in the study. Most of the evaluated outcomes remained stable for over a year. Overall, results pointed to sociocultural influence, as evaluated by SATAQ-3, as the main influencing factor on body dissatisfaction in both boys and girls, with less drastic effects seen for both biological and psychological variables. Body dissatisfaction also predicted symptoms of eating disorders. These results produce longitudinal evidence of the importance of sociocultural influence on body image among Brazilian boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Soares Amaral
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southern of Minas Gerais, 204 Monsenhor José Augusto, Barbacena, 36205018, Brazil.
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Latiff AA, Muhamad J, Rahman RA. Body image dissatisfaction and its determinants among young primary-school adolescents. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 13:34-41. [PMID: 31435300 PMCID: PMC6694944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Awareness of body image perception among children and adolescents has been rising during recent years. The objectives of this study were to identify body image dissatisfaction and its associated factors among primary-school students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven randomly selected primary schools, involving students aged 11 to 12. A guided self-administered questionnaire, which included sociodemographic data, body mass index (BMI) parameters, and body image perception (Childress Contour Drawing Rating Scale), was used. Results This study involved 776 primary-school students. Approximately 60.1% of students had body image dissatisfaction, which was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with sex and Body Mass Index (BMI). Females had 2.07 times higher rates of body image dissatisfaction (b = 0.73, OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.53, 2.81, p < 0.001) compared to their male counterparts when adjusted for other variables. Overweight/obese students had 4.06 times greater body image dissatisfaction (b = 1.40, OR = 4.06, 95% CI 2.70, 6.10, p < 0.001) compared to students with normal BMI when adjusted for other variables. Conclusion This study highlights a high prevalence of body image dissatisfaction that is correlated with sex and BMI among primary-school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmira Ab Latiff
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Juliawati Muhamad
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Razlina A Rahman
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Preventing weight-related problems among adolescent girls: A cluster randomized trial comparing the Brazilian 'New Moves' program versus observation. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 12:102-115. [PMID: 28797704 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing the Brazilian version of the New Moves program (NMP) versus observation among Brazilian adolescent girls. METHODS Ten schools were randomly allocated to the Brazilian NMP or the observation arm. Study participants included 12-14-year-old girls. Recruitment occurred between February 2014 and March 2015. The NMP included sports, nutritional support, motivational interviews, collective lunch, and parental information materials. Our main outcome was the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Secondary outcomes included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Unhealthy Weight-Control Behaviors Index, as well as body mass index. Study results were evaluated through generalized estimating equations. RESULTS A total of 270 adolescents participated in the study. At baseline, mean age was 13.4 years, and average BMI was 21.4. The intervention did not result in any statistically significant differences between the NMP and the observation arm, including BSQ (predicted means of 64.33 - IC 95% 59.2-69.47 vs. 62.02 - IC 95% 56.63-67.4), respectively) and our secondary outcomes. Adherence was low during the intervention (32.9%) and maintenance (19.1%) phases of the program. CONCLUSION The New Moves program did not lead to significant changes in our measured outcomes. Future studies should investigate whether changes might occur when comprehensive behavioral programs are sustained over longer periods while also being customized to local population characteristics.
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Neves CM, Filgueiras Meireles JF, Berbert de Carvalho PH, Schubring A, Barker-Ruchti N, Caputo Ferreira ME. Body dissatisfaction in women's artistic gymnastics: A longitudinal study of psychosocial indicators. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1745-1751. [PMID: 27690759 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1235794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction is prevalent in women's artistic gymnastics (WAG). Cross-sectional research points to social and individual risk factors, however it does not account for potential changes in body dissatisfaction during an athletic season. This study aimed to determine how gymnasts' body dissatisfaction, risk factors for eating disorders, media internalisation, perfectionism and mood state change during pre-competition, competition and post-competition seasons and to identify how these psychosocial indicators impact on body dissatisfaction during the athletic year. The sample consisted of 20 Brazilian elite women's artistic gymnasts aged 10-16 years. Data were obtained from a 9-month study using: Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ); Eating Attitude Test-26; Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3); Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS); Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and triceps and subscapular skinfolds. Body dissatisfaction was higher during the competition season and disordered eating, perfectionism and vigour values were higher in the pre-competition season. Disordered eating has been found as the strongest predictor of body dissatisfaction during all seasons, and mood state partly contributed to body dissatisfaction in the competitive season. Stakeholders should understand that body dissatisfaction and the prevalence of disordered eating may change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mockdece Neves
- a Faculty of Physical Education and Sport , Federal University of Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
| | | | | | - Astrid Schubring
- c Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Natalie Barker-Ruchti
- c Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Could obesity mediate psychopathology and suicidal ideation in adolescents? An Egyptian study. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xme.0000490934.67457.1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Fortes LDS, Cipriani FM, Paes ST, Coelho FD, Ferreira MEC. Relação entre o estado de humor e os comportamentos alimentares de risco para os transtornos alimentares em adolescentes. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a relação entre o estado de humor e os comportamentos alimentares de risco para os transtornos alimentares (TA) em adolescentes do sexo feminino. Métodos Participaram 397 adolescentes com idade entre 12 e 17 anos. Utilizaram-se as subescalas do Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para avaliar os comportamentos alimentares de risco para os TA. Utilizou-se a Escala de Humor de Brunel (BRUMS) para avaliar o estado humor negativo (ansiedade, tensão, depressão, confusão mental, raiva e fadiga). Conduziram-se a Regressão Logística Binária e a Análise Multivariada de Covariância para analisar os dados. Resultados Evidenciou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre o estado de humor negativo e os comportamentos alimentares de risco para os TA (X2 = 25,71; Wald = 31,92; p = 0,001). Identificou-se diferença de escore na subescala Dieta entre as adolescentes com alto e baixo estado de humor negativo [F (1, 396) = 13,40; p = 0,04], fato que não foi encontrado para as subescalas Bulimia e Preocupação com Alimentos [F (1, 396) = 1,69; p = 0,09] e Autocontrole Oral [F (1, 396) = 0,95; p = 0,17]. Conclusão Os comportamentos alimentares de risco para os TA estiveram relacionados ao estado de humor negativo.
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Fortes LDS, Filgueiras JF, Oliveira FDC, Almeida SS, Ferreira MEC. Etiological model of disordered eating behaviors in Brazilian adolescent girls. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 32:e000024115. [PMID: 27167040 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00024115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to construct an etiological model of disordered eating behaviors in Brazilian adolescent girls. A total of 1,358 adolescent girls from four cities participated. The study used psychometric scales to assess disordered eating behaviors, body dissatisfaction, media pressure, self-esteem, mood, depressive symptoms, and perfectionism. Weight, height, and skinfolds were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (%F). Structural equation modeling explained 76% of variance in disordered eating behaviors (F(9, 1,351) = 74.50; p = 0.001). The findings indicate that body dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between media pressures, self-esteem, mood, BMI, %F, and disordered eating behaviors (F(9, 1,351) = 59.89; p = 0.001). Although depressive symptoms were not related to body dissatisfaction, the model indicated a direct relationship with disordered eating behaviors (F(2, 1,356) = 23.98; p = 0.001). In conclusion, only perfectionism failed to fit the etiological model of disordered eating behaviors in Brazilian adolescent girls.
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Silva WR, Dias JCR, Maroco J, Campos JADB. Factors that contribute to the body image concern of female college students. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2016; 18:785-97. [PMID: 26982295 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5497201500040009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the contribution of sociodemographic and labor variables and body mass index to body image concern. METHODS In order to estimate body image concern, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Weight Concerns Scale (WCS) were applied. A confirmatory factor analysis of scales was carried out. The reason χ2 by degree of freedom ratio (χ2/df ), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Normed Fit Index (NFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used. Convergent validity was assessed through the average variance extracted and composed reliability and the internal consistency through standardized Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α). A structural model was developed, and the body image concern was the second-order main construct. The model appropriation was evaluated based on the goodness-of-fit indices. The z test was used to estimate the significance of trajectories (β) using a 5% significance level. RESULTS Totally, 595 female college students participated in the study, with a mean age of 20.42 ± 2.44 years. The entire model, with the inclusion of all independent variables, showed unsatisfactory adjustment and was refined. The final model presented a satisfactory adjustment (χ2/df = 5.75; CFI = 0.87; NFI = 0.85; RMSEA = 0.09) with inclusion of medication use because of studies (β = 0.08; p = 0.04), academic performance (β = 0.09; p = 0.02), economic class (β = 0.08; p = 0.03), and body mass index (β = 0.44; p < 0.001). This model explained 22% of body image concern. CONCLUSION Medication use due to studies, academic performance, economic class and body mass index significantly contribute to body image concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Roberto Silva
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Chioda Ribeiro Dias
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - João Maroco
- Departamento de Ciências Psicológicas, Unidade de Investigação em Psicologia e Saúde, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa, Portugal
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Meireles JFF, Amaral ACS, Neves CM, Conti MA, Ferreira MEC. [Psychometric evaluation of the Body Change Questionnaire for adolescents]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 31:2291-301. [PMID: 26840810 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00110414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine construct validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility of the Body Change Questionnaire (BCQ). A total of 439 female and male adolescents (13-22 years of age) were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and correlation between the scores of the BCQ and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Scale Silhouettes (SS). Reliability was assessed through internal consistency and reproducibility using test-retest and intra-class correlation. The scale presented a six-factor structure that almost entirely accounted for the instrument's subscales. Correlations for the total sample between BCQ and scores of the other questionnaires ranged from 0.37 to 0.46. Internal consistency varied from 0.78 to 0.96 for each of the factors, and intra-class correlation was consistent with good reproducibility. The test-retest scores showed no statistically significant differences for the total sample or according to sex. The BCQ showed good psychometric qualities for Brazilian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Soares Amaral
- Campus Barbacena, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Barbacena, Brasil
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Fortes LDS, Amaral ACS, Almeida SDS, Conti MA, Ferreira MEC. Qualidades Psicométricas do Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para Adolescentes Brasileiros do Sexo Masculino. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-3772e323220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou avaliar as qualidades psicométricas do Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para adolescentes brasileiros do sexo masculino. A amostra foi composta por 357 jovens, com idade entre 10 e 19 anos. Os resultados evidenciaram que 32,8% variância dos dados foram explicados por um único fator e o instrumento foi capaz de diferenciar seus escores em função do estado nutricional (p<0,05), além de correlacionar-se com as medidas de insatisfação corporal (rho=0,50). Confirmou sua consistência interna (α>0,88), não registrando diferença entre os escores (teste-reteste) (p<0,68) e apresentando o coeficiente de correlação intra-classe de 0,93. Concluiu-se que o EAT-26 comprovou suas qualidades psicométricas para o grupo estudado.
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Amaral ACS, Conti MA, Ferreira MEC, Meireles JFF. Avaliação Psicométrica do Questionário de Atitudes Socioculturais em Relação à Aparência-3 (SATAQ-3) para Adolescentes. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-37722015042419471479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as qualidades psicométricas do Questionário de Atitudes Socioculturais em Relação à Aparência-3 para adolescentes brasileiros. A amostra total foi composta por 600 adolescentes (254 meninos), os quais participaram em fases distintas da pesquisa: avaliação da compreensão verbal da escala, avaliação da validade de construto, validade e confiabilidade, e a terceira etapa referiu-se à avaliação da reprodutibilidade (teste-reteste). Todos os itens apresentaram adequada compreensão verbal entre os adolescentes. O instrumento apresentou estrutura fatorial composta por sete fatores (α > 0,40), cujos índices de ajustamento foram aceitáveis, correlação positiva e significativa com a satisfação corporal (r = 0,41, p < 0,001) e estabilidade. As qualidades psicométricas do SATAQ-3 para adolescentes foram parcialmente confirmadas, sendo sua utilização indicada para essa população.
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Fortes LDS, Ferreira MEC, Costa PRDF, Lira HAADS, Andrade J, Silva ALAGD. Comparação do comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares entre adolescentes atletas e não atletas. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares (CRTA) entre não atletas e atletas de esportes estéticos, endurance ou com divisão de classe de peso. Métodos Participaram 187 adolescentes atletas e 200 sujeitos que compuseram o grupo de não atletas. Foi utilizado o Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para avaliar o CRTA. Conduziu-se análise multivariada de covariância para comparar as subescalas do EAT-26 segundo o grupo e o sexo. Resultados Os resultados demonstraram que todos os escores das subescalas do EAT-26 foram maiores no sexo feminino quando comparado ao masculino, independente do grupo (p < 0,05). Ademais, as subescalas do EAT-26 foram semelhantes entre atletas e não atletas do sexo feminino, e no masculino evidenciaram-se maiores pontuações para as subescalas Dieta e Autocontrole Oral no grupo de não atletas quando comparado aos atletas (p < 0,05). Conclusão Os atletas não apresentaram maiores escores nas subescalas do EAT-26 quando comparados ao grupo de não atletas.
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Abstract
Abstract Because of the increasing number of Brazilian studies on body image (BI), the aim of the present study was to review Brazilian scientific research on the construction and adaptation of systematic assessment instruments for this construct. After conducting a broad literature search, 34 BI assessment studies were analyzed, including 27 adaptation studies and seven construction studies. The results were summarized based on the procedures that were used for the adaptation and construction of BI assessment instruments, indicating strong convergence among most researchers with regard to national and international recommendations on techniques to drive such processes and test the psychometric properties before implementing the instruments in professional practice.
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Fortes LDS, Meireles JFF, Paes ST, Dias FC, Cipriani FM, Ferreira MEC. An association between the internalization of body image, depressive symptoms and restrictive eating habits among young males. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2015; 20:3457-66. [PMID: 26602723 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320152011.00152015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to analyze the relationship between the internalization of body image and depressive symptoms with restrictive eating habits among young males. Three hundred and eighty-three male adolescents, aged between twelve and seventeen, took part in this survey. The "Overall Internalization" and "Athletic Internalization" sub-scales taken from the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) were used to evaluate the internalization of body images. The Major Depression Inventory (MDI) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. The "Diet" sub-scale from the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to evaluate restrictive eating habits. The logistic regression findings indicated 2.01 times greater chances of youngsters with a high level of overall internalization adopting restrictive eating habits (Wald = 6.16; p = 0.01) when compared with those with low levels. On the other hand, the regression model found no significant association between "Athletic Internalization" (Wald = 1.16; p = 0.23) and depressive symptoms (Wald = 0.81; p = 0.35) with eating restrictions. The findings made it possible to conclude that only overall internalization was related to eating restrictions among young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Sousa Fortes
- Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil,
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FORTES LDS, Meireles JFF, NEVES CM, ALMEIDA SS, FERREIRA MEC. Disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, and mood state in female adolescents. REV NUTR 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1415-52732015000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, mood, and disordered eating in female adolescents. Methods Three hundred and seventy one adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years of age participated in this research. The Body Shape Questionnaire, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Brunel Mood Scale, and the Eating Attitudes Test - 26 were used to assess, respectively, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, mood state, and disordered eating. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the Eating Attitudes Test subscale scores. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to compare the Eating Attitudes Test subscale scores according to body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, and mood state classifications. Results The findings showed that body dissatisfaction (p=0.001), perfectionism (p=0.04), and mood state (p=0.05) were associated with disordered eating in the female adolescents evaluated. Despite the statistically significant results obtained for all independent variables, it is worth mentioning that body dissatisfaction was the main determinant of disordered eating in the multiple regression model. Conclusion It can be concluded that body dissatisfaction explains the variance in disordered eating; however, it is also important to note that perfectionism and mood state are also associated to the disordered eating in female adolescents, although to a lesser extent.
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Miranda VPN, Conti MA, de Carvalho PHB, Bastos RR, Ferreira MEC. Body image in different periods of adolescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 32:63-9. [PMID: 24676192 PMCID: PMC4182998 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822014000100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze body image in different periods of adolescence. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled students aged ten to 19 years old of public
schools in small districts of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. The Body Shape
Questionnaire (BSQ), the Body Dissatisfaction Assessment Scale for Teenagers and
the Silhouette Scale for Teenagers (SST) were used. Adolescence phases were
classified according to the subjects' ages. Weight and height were measured in
order to calculate the body mass index and the nutritional status. Results were
analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The study emolled 531 teenagers (318 females). The average age was 15.6± 2 .2 years and 84.6% were eutrophic. The prevalence of body dissatisfaction varied
from 28.9% (BSQ) to 78.9% (SST). Overweight adolescents presented greater
dissatisfaction (BSQ: OR 3.66, p<0.001; SST: OR 4.108,
p<0.001). Dissatisfaction also occurred for females and
those at the early adolescence (p<0.05). Conclusions: A low prevalence of dissatisfaction with the body image was observed among
adolescents in small towns of Minas Gerais; however, most of them wished a
different silhouette than the current one. The results showed that younger
adolescents had higher dissatisfaction than their peers, as well as female and
overweighed adolescents.
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Fortes LDS, Meireles JFF, Neves CM, Almeida SS, Ferreira MEC. Autoestima, insatisfação corporal e internalização do ideal de magreza influenciam os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares? REV NUTR 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1415-52732015000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a influência da autoestima, da insatisfação corporal e da internalização do ideal de magreza nos comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares de adolescentes do sexo feminino. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 471 jovens. Utilizou-se a Escala de Autoestima de Rosemberg, o Body Shape Questionnaire e o Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 para avaliar autoestima, insatisfação corporal e internalização do ideal de magreza, respectivamente. As subescalas do Eating Attitudes Test foram utilizadas para avaliar os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicaram influência dos escores do Body Shape Questionnaire (p<0,05) e da Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (p<0,05) em todas as subescalas do Eating Attitudes Test. Em contrapartida, os achados não demonstraram influência da Escala de Autoestima de Rosemberg nos escores das subescalas do Eating Attitudes Test (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que a insatisfação corporal e a internalização do ideal de magreza influenciam os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares em adolescentes do sexo feminino, fato que não foi evidenciado para a autoestima.
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