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Cárdenas MQ, Justo MCN, Reyes ADRP, Cohen SC. Diversity of Nematoda and Digenea from different species of characiform fishes from Tocantins River, Maranhão, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e005122. [PMID: 35894419 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During a survey of the helminth fauna of characiform fishes from the Tocantins River, Brazil, 185 fish specimens from 22 species were studied. Twelve species of Nematoda and nine species of Digenea were collected. Some of these helminth species were reported for the first time in their hosts, thus representing new host records: Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. in Bivibranchia notata, Brycon pesu, Chalceus macrolepidotus, Hemiodus microlepis and Hemiodus unimaculatus; Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus in Triportheus elongatus; Goezia sp. (larva) in Boulengerella cuvieri; Rhabdochona acuminata in Brycon pesu and Triportheus trifurcatus; Raphidascaris sp. (larva) in Caenotropus labyrinthicus; Cosmoxynema vianai in Cyphocharax gouldingi; Rondonia rondoni in Leporinus fasciatus and Mylesinus paucisquamatus; Klossinemella iheringi in Mylesinus paucisquamatus; Cucullanidae gen. sp. in Myloplus rubripinnis; Rhabdochona sp. in Triportheus elongatus; Alphamphistoma sp. in Myleus setiger; Chalcinotrema sp. in Cyphocharax gouldingi; Pacudistoma guianense in Hemiodus unimaculatus and Myleus torquatus; Pseudocladorchis cylindricus in Hemiodus unimaculatus; Dadaytrema oxycephala in Mylesinus paucisquamatus; Travassosinia dilatata in Myloplus asterias; and Genarchella genarchella in Raphiodon vulpinus. Studies identifying new hosts and new localities for parasites have contributed to the knowledge of local biodiversity. A list of previous records of helminths included in the present study, providing hosts, localities, and references, is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Querido Cárdenas
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Márcia Cristina Nascimento Justo
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Amanda da Rocha Paula Reyes
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Simone Chinicz Cohen
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Velasco-Hogan A, Huang W, Serrano C, Kisailus D, Meyers MA. Tooth structure, mechanical properties, and diet specialization of Piranha and Pacu (Serrasalmidae): A comparative study. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:531-545. [PMID: 34428562 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between diet, bite performance, and tooth structure is a topic of common interest for ecologists, biologists, materials scientists, and engineers. The highly specialized group of biters found in Serrasalmidae offers a unique opportunity to explore their functional diversity. Surprisingly, the piranha, whose teeth have a predominantly cutting function and whose main diet is soft flesh, is capable of exerting a greater bite force than a similarly sized pacu, who feeds on a hard durophagous diet. Herein, we expand our understanding of diet specialization in the Serrasalmidae family by investigating the influence of elemental composition and hierarchical structure on the local mechanical properties, stress distribution, and deformation mechanics of teeth from piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri) and pacu (Colossoma macropomum). Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses combined with nanoindentation and finite element simulations are used to probe the hierarchical features to uncover the structure-property relationships in piranha and pacu teeth. We show that the pacu teeth support a durophagous diet through its broad cusped-shaped teeth, thicker-irregular enameloid, interlocking interface of the dentin-enameloid junction, and increased hardness of the cuticle layer due to the larger concentrations of iron present. Comparatively, the piranha teeth are well suited for piercing due to their conical-shape which we report as having the greatest stiffness at the tip and evenly distributed enameloid. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The hierarchical structure and local mechanical properties of the piranha and pacu teeth are characterized and related to their feeding habits. Finite element models of the anterior teeth are generated to map local stress distribution under compressive loading. Bioinspired designs from the DEJ interface are developed and 3D printed. The pacu teeth are hierarchically structured and have local mechanical properties more suitable to a durophagous diet than the piranha. The findings here can provide insight into the design and fabrication of layered materials with suture interfaces for applications that require compressive loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Velasco-Hogan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Carlos Serrano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - David Kisailus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Marc A Meyers
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, United States.
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3
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Hyperspectral data as a biodiversity screening tool can differentiate among diverse Neotropical fishes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16157. [PMID: 34373560 PMCID: PMC8352966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral data encode information from electromagnetic radiation (i.e., color) of any object in the form of a spectral signature; these data can then be used to distinguish among materials or even map whole landscapes. Although hyperspectral data have been mostly used to study landscape ecology, floral diversity and many other applications in the natural sciences, we propose that spectral signatures can be used for rapid assessment of faunal biodiversity, akin to DNA barcoding and metabarcoding. We demonstrate that spectral signatures of individual, live fish specimens can accurately capture species and clade-level differences in fish coloration, specifically among piranhas and pacus (Family Serrasalmidae), fishes with a long history of taxonomic confusion. We analyzed 47 serrasalmid species and could distinguish spectra among different species and clades, with the method sensitive enough to document changes in fish coloration over ontogeny. Herbivorous pacu spectra were more like one another than they were to piranhas; however, our method also documented interspecific variation in pacus that corresponds to cryptic lineages. While spectra do not serve as an alternative to the collection of curated specimens, hyperspectral data of fishes in the field should help clarify which specimens might be unique or undescribed, complementing existing molecular and morphological techniques.
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Phylogenomics of the Neotropical fish family Serrasalmidae with a novel intrafamilial classification (Teleostei: Characiformes). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 153:106945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kolmann MA, Hughes LC, Hernandez LP, Arcila D, Betancur-R R, Sabaj MH, López-Fernández H, Ortí G. Phylogenomics of Piranhas and Pacus (Serrasalmidae) Uncovers How Dietary Convergence and Parallelism Obfuscate Traditional Morphological Taxonomy. Syst Biol 2020; 70:576-592. [PMID: 32785670 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amazon and neighboring South American river basins harbor the world's most diverse assemblages of freshwater fishes. One of the most prominent South American fish families is the Serrasalmidae (pacus and piranhas), found in nearly every continental basin. Serrasalmids are keystone ecological taxa, being some of the top riverine predators as well as the primary seed dispersers in the flooded forest. Despite their widespread occurrence and notable ecologies, serrasalmid evolutionary history and systematics are controversial. For example, the sister taxon to serrasalmids is contentious, the relationships of major clades within the family are inconsistent across different methodologies, and half of the extant serrasalmid genera are suggested to be non-monophyletic. We analyzed exon capture to reexamine the evolutionary relationships among 63 (of 99) species across all 16 serrasalmid genera and their nearest outgroups, including multiple individuals per species to account for cryptic lineages. To reconstruct the timeline of serrasalmid diversification, we time-calibrated this phylogeny using two different fossil-calibration schemes to account for uncertainty in taxonomy with respect to fossil teeth. Finally, we analyzed diet evolution across the family and comment on associated changes in dentition, highlighting the ecomorphological diversity within serrasalmids. We document widespread non-monophyly of genera within Myleinae, as well as between Serrasalmus and Pristobrycon, and propose that reliance on traits like teeth to distinguish among genera is confounded by ecological homoplasy, especially among herbivorous and omnivorous taxa. We clarify the relationships among all serrasalmid genera, propose new subfamily affiliations, and support hemiodontids as the sister taxon to Serrasalmidae. [Characiformes; exon capture; ichthyochory; molecular time-calibration; piscivory.].
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kolmann
- Dept of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Dept of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queens Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - L C Hughes
- Dept of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Dept of Ichthyology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - L P Hernandez
- Dept of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - D Arcila
- Dept of Ichthyology, Sam Noble Museum, 2401 Chautauqua Ave, Norman, OK 73072, USA.,Dept of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 660 Parrington Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - R Betancur-R
- Dept of Ichthyology, Sam Noble Museum, 2401 Chautauqua Ave, Norman, OK 73072, USA.,Dept of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 660 Parrington Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - M H Sabaj
- Dept of Ichthyology, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - H López-Fernández
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - G Ortí
- Dept of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Dept of Ichthyology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA
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Beltrão H, Zuanon J, Ferreira E. Checklist of the ichthyofauna of the Rio Negro basin in the Brazilian Amazon. Zookeys 2019; 881:53-89. [PMID: 31662611 PMCID: PMC6813176 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.881.32055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents an extensive review of published and unpublished occurrence records of fish species in the Rio Negro drainage system within the Brazilian territory. The data was gathered from two main sources: 1) litterature compilations of species occurrence records, including original descriptions and revisionary studies; and 2) specimens verification at the INPA fish collection. The results reveal a rich and diversified ichthyofauna, with 1,165 species distributed in 17 orders (+ two incertae sedis), 56 families, and 389 genera. A large portion of the fish fauna (54.3% of the species) is composed of small-sized fishes < 10 cm in standard length. The main groups are Characiformes (454 species; 39.0%), Siluriformes (416; 35.7%), Gymnotiformes (105; 9.0%), and Cichliformes (102; 8.8%). The species composition differs between the main aquatic environments, such as: main channel (159 species), lakes (296), tributary rivers (596), small streams (234), seasonal beaches (186), and rapids (41). Part of the ichthyofauna is shared with adjacent basins, such as the Orinoco, rivers of the Guiana Shield, lower Solimões/Amazonas and upper Amazonas, which contributes to the remarkable ichthyofaunal diversity of the basin. A high rate of species endemism was observed in Characidae (24), Loricariidae (18), Cichlidae (18) and Callichthyidae (18), totalling 156 species (13.4%) endemic to the basin. An estimation of the species richness for the Rio Negro basin, considering 23 published references, resulted in 1,466 and 1,759 species (Jackknife 1 and 2, respectively), which seems reasonable when considering the large number of morphotypes left out of the present list and the low sampling effort in many areas of the basin. The results presented herein provide an additional tool for environmental managers and decision makers for conservation purposes of one of the richest and most well-preserved sub-basins of the Rio Amazonas system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio Beltrão
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM; Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos PPG-CIPET; Av. Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, Manaus-AM, Brazil Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | - Jansen Zuanon
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA; Coordenação de Biodiversidade; Av. André Araújo, 2936, Caixa Postal 478, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
| | - Efrem Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA; Coordenação de Biodiversidade; Av. André Araújo, 2936, Caixa Postal 478, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
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7
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Kolmann MA, Cohen KE, Bemis KE, Summers AP, Irish FJ, Hernandez LP. Tooth and consequences: Heterodonty and dental replacement in piranhas and pacus (Serrasalmidae). Evol Dev 2019; 21:278-293. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Kolmann
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington District of Columbia
- Department of Biology, Friday Harbor Laboratories University of Washington Friday Harbor Washington
| | - Karly E. Cohen
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington District of Columbia
- Department of Biology, Friday Harbor Laboratories University of Washington Friday Harbor Washington
| | - Katherine E. Bemis
- Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point Virginia
| | - Adam P. Summers
- Department of Biology, Friday Harbor Laboratories University of Washington Friday Harbor Washington
| | - Frances J. Irish
- Department of Biological Sciences Moravian College Bethlehem Pennsylvania
| | - L. Patricia Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington District of Columbia
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8
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Huie JM, Summers AP, Kolmann MA. Body shape separates guilds of rheophilic herbivores (Myleinae: Serrasalmidae) better than feeding morphology. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1635/053.166.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Huie
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adam P. Summers
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
| | - Matthew A. Kolmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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9
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Neurocranium shape variation of piranhas and pacus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) in association with ecology and phylogeny. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Andrade MC, Jégu M, Buckup PA, Netto-Ferreira AL. A new Myleus species (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from the Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:1902-1914. [PMID: 29624697 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Myleus pachyodus, a new serrasalmid species, is described from the Rio Teles Pires and Rio Jamanxim, both tributaries of the Rio Tapajós in Mato Grosso and Pará states, Brazil. The new species differs from all congeners by having a remarkable ontogenetic thickening of the teeth shifting from slender incisiform in juveniles to thick bulky teeth at standard length ≥ 100 mm, whereas congeners present slender, antero-posteriorly flat teeth throughout all life stages. The new species further differs from congeners by having 18-20 branched dorsal-fin rays, by the lack of a diastema between contralateral outer series of premaxillary teeth and by the presence of 16-25 prepelvic spines, with the anteriormost spine never reaching the vertical through the pectoral-fin origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Andrade
- Laboratório de Ictiologia do Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Perimetral, 2651, Terra-Firme, 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - M Jégu
- Laboratoire d'Icthyologie, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP26, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - P A Buckup
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A L Netto-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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11
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Machado VN, Collins RA, Ota RP, Andrade MC, Farias IP, Hrbek T. One thousand DNA barcodes of piranhas and pacus reveal geographic structure and unrecognised diversity in the Amazon. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8387. [PMID: 29849152 PMCID: PMC5976771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Piranhas and pacus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) are a charismatic but understudied family of Neotropical fishes. Here, we analyse a DNA barcode dataset comprising 1,122 specimens, 69 species, 16 genera, 208 localities, and 34 major river drainages in order to make an inventory of diversity and to highlight taxa and biogeographic areas worthy of further sampling effort and conservation protection. Using four methods of species discovery-incorporating both tree and distance based techniques-we report between 76 and 99 species-like clusters, i.e. between 20% and 33% of a priori identified taxonomic species were represented by more than one mtDNA lineage. There was a high degree of congruence between clusters, with 60% supported by three or four methods. Pacus of the genus Myloplus exhibited the most intraspecific variation, with six of the 13 species sampled found to have multiple lineages. Conversely, piranhas of the Serrasalmus rhombeus group proved difficult to delimit with these methods due to genetic similarity and polyphyly. Overall, our results recognise substantially underestimated diversity in the serrasalmids, and emphasise the Guiana and Brazilian Shield rivers as biogeographically important areas with multiple cases of across-shield and within-shield diversifications. We additionally highlight the distinctiveness and complex phylogeographic history of rheophilic taxa in particular, and suggest multiple colonisations of these habitats by different serrasalmid lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria N Machado
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genétic Animal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av., General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão, 3000, 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Rupert A Collins
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genétic Animal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av., General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão, 3000, 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Rafaela P Ota
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, CP 2223, Petrópolis, 69080-971, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2651, Terra Firme, 66040-830, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Izeni P Farias
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genétic Animal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av., General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão, 3000, 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genétic Animal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av., General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão, 3000, 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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12
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Pastana MNL, Dagosta FCP, Esguícero ALH. A new sexually dichromatic miniature Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the Rio Formiga, upper Rio Juruena basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, with a review of sexual dichromatism in Characiformes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:1301-1318. [PMID: 28905382 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyphessobrycon myrmex sp. nov., is described from the Rio Formiga, upper Rio Juruena, upper Rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from congeners by having the lower half of the body deeply pigmented with dark chromatophores, chromatophores concentrated above the anal fin and forming a broad, diffuse, dark midlateral stripe and by having a dense concentration of dark chromatophores along unbranched dorsal-fin rays and distal portions of the two or three subsequent branched rays. In life, H. myrmex exhibits a conspicuous sexual dichromatism, with adult males red to orange and females and immatures pale yellow. A list containing 108 sexually dichromatic taxa in six families of Characiformes is provided and the distribution of this poorly known type of dimorphism across the Characiformes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N L Pastana
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494, 04218-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - F C P Dagosta
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494, 04218-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, Km 12 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - A L H Esguícero
- Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FFCLRP, Departamento de Biologia, Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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13
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A new species of Tometes Valenciennes 1850 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin based on integrative analysis of molecular and morphological data. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170053. [PMID: 28422969 PMCID: PMC5396854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new large serrasalmid species of Tometes is described from the Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin. Tometes siderocarajensissp. nov. is currently found in the rapids of the Itacaiúnas River Basin, and formerly inhabited the lower Tocantins River. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners, except from T. ancylorhynchus, by the presence of lateral space between 1st and 2nd premaxillary teeth, and by the absence of lateral cusps in these two teeth. However, T. siderocarajensissp. nov. can be differentiated from syntopic congener T. ancylorhynchus by an entirely black with mottled red body in live specimens, densely pigmented pelvic fins with a high concentration of dark chromatophores, and the presence of 39 to 41 rows of circumpeduncular scales (vs. silvery body coloration with slightly reddish overtones on middle flank during breeding period in live specimens, hyaline to slightly pale coloration on distalmost region of pelvic fins, and 30 to 36 rows of circumpeduncular scales). Additionally, molecular sequence shows that T. siderocarajensissp. nov. is reciprocally monophyletic, and diagnosable from all congeners by having two autapomorphic molecular characters in the mitochondrial gene COI. The phylogenetic reconstruction still show that T. siderocarajensissp. nov. is closely related to T. trilobatus. This is the first molecular study using an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular sequence data for all described species of Tometes. These findings increase the number of formally described species of Tometes to seven. A key to the Tometes species is provided.
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Young HS, McCauley DJ, Galetti M, Dirzo R. Patterns, Causes, and Consequences of Anthropocene Defaunation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anthropocene defaunation, the global extinction of faunal species and populations and the decline in abundance of individuals within populations, has been predominantly documented in terrestrial ecosystems, but indicators suggest defaunation has been more severe in freshwater ecosystems. Marine defaunation is in a more incipient stage, yet pronounced effects are already apparent and its rapid acceleration seems likely. Defaunation now impacts the planet's wildlife with profound cascading consequences, ranging from local to global coextinctions of interacting species to the loss of ecological services critical for humanity. Slowing defaunation will require aggressively reducing animal overexploitation and habitat destruction; mitigating climate disruption; and stabilizing the impacts of human population growth and uneven resource consumption. Given its omnipresence, defaunation should receive status of major global environmental change and should be addressed with the same urgency as deforestation, pollution, and climatic change. Global action is needed to prevent defaunation's current trajectory from catalyzing the planet's sixth major extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary S. Young
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Douglas J. McCauley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 13506–900 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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15
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Andrade MC, Sousa LM, Ota RP, Jégu M, Giarrizzo T. Redescription and Geographical Distribution of the Endangered Fish Ossubtus xinguense Jégu 1992 (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) with Comments on Conservation of the Rheophilic Fauna of the Xingu River. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161398. [PMID: 27662358 PMCID: PMC5035070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The monotypic species Ossubtus xinguense was originally described based on scarce material putatively divided into juveniles and adults. Ossubtus xinguense has a restricted distribution and was previously known only from a few rapids downstream of the city of Altamira, in the Volta Grande stretch of the Middle Xingu River. Until recently, the species was rare in museums because its habitat (large rapids) is difficult to sample. Large-scale collecting efforts targeting rapids throughout the Xingu River basin have yielded an abundance of new material. Based on an analysis of the type series and freshly preserved specimens, we redescribe O. xinguense and provide detailed osteological descriptions along with comments about its relationships within Serrasalmidae. Furthermore, we expand the geographical distribution of the species and discuss its conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo C. Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Cidade Universitária Professor José Silveira Netto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leandro M. Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Altamira, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Altamira, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafaela P. Ota
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Michel Jégu
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Laboratoire d’Icthyologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Cidade Universitária Professor José Silveira Netto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Altamira, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Altamira, PA, Brazil
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16
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Andrade MC, Jégu M, Giarrizzo T. Tometes kranponhah and Tometes ancylorhynchus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), two new phytophagous serrasalmids, and the first Tometes species described from the Brazilian Shield. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:467-494. [PMID: 26725331 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two new species of Tometes from the Brazilian Shield rapids are described. Tometes kranponhah is endemic to the Xingu River basin, whereas Tometes ancylorhynchus occurs both in the Xingu and the Tocantins-Araguaia River basins. The two species are sympatric in the Xingu drainages and have many similarities in morphology and colouration. Major diagnostic differences are the dark pigmentation on the opercle of T. kranponhah and its distinct snout shape and arrangement of premaxillary teeth. In addition, T. kranponhah is a large fish that is abundant in the Xingu River, whereas T. ancylorhynchus is a medium-sized fish for which there are few records.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Av. Perimetral 2651, 66040-830, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 1, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - M Jégu
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Laboratoire d'Icthyologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP26, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - T Giarrizzo
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Av. Perimetral 2651, 66040-830, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 1, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Cel. José Porfírio 2515, 68372-010, Altamira, PA, Brazil
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17
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Andrade MC, Jégu M, Giarrizzo T. A new large species of Myloplus (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) from the Rio Madeira basin, Brazil. Zookeys 2016:153-67. [PMID: 27110164 PMCID: PMC4829807 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.571.5983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myloplus zorroi sp. n. is described from the Rio Madeira Basin in Amazonia. The new species had been treated as an undescribed Tometes species because of the absence of a marked abdominal keel and few small spines forming its prepelvic serrae, features commonly found in the species of the Myleus clade of the Serrasalmidae (species of genera Myleus, Mylesinus, Ossubtus and Tometes) and also in species of Utiaritichthys. Myloplus zorroi sp. n. shares the following characters with its congeners and Utiaritichthys: molariform teeth (versus incisiform teeth in Myleus clade members); a labial row of premaxillary teeth separated from lingual row by an internal gap (versus absence of internal gap between premaxillary teeth rows); and an ascending process of premaxilla wide from its base to the tip (versus ascending process tapering from its base to the tip). Like other Myloplus species, Myloplus zorroi sp. n. differs from Utiariticthys by having a deeper body, approximately 60% of standard length (versus usually less than 50% of standard length). Considering all the morphological evidence, including the presence of 13-19 low spines forming the prepelvic serrae in Myloplus zorroi sp. n. versus more than 20 high spines forming a marked prepelvic keel in other species of Mylopus, the new species is here assigned to Myloplus. Comparisons of the new species with nominal species of Myloplus, representatives of the Myleus clade, and other related taxa are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo C Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Cidade Universitária Prof. José Silveira Netto. Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Grupo de Ecologia Aquática. Avenida Perimetral, 2651, Terra Firme, 66077830. Belém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca. Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Cidade Universitária Prof. José Silveira Netto. Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 1, Guamá, 66075110. Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Michel Jégu
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR BOREA, Laboratoire d´Icthyologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, MNHN, CP26, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Cidade Universitária Prof. José Silveira Netto. Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Grupo de Ecologia Aquática. Avenida Perimetral, 2651, Terra Firme, 66077830. Belém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca. Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Cidade Universitária Prof. José Silveira Netto. Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 1, Guamá, 66075110. Belém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação. Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas. Avenida Cel. José Porfírio, 2515, São Sebastião, 68372010. Altamira, PA, Brazil
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18
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Andrade MC, Jesus AJS, Giarrizzo T. Length-weight relationships and condition factor of the eaglebeak pacu Ossubtus xinguense Jégu, 1992 (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae), an endangered species from Rio Xingu rapids, northern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:102-5. [PMID: 26691082 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.01214bm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the length-weight relationships and condition factor for the endangered rheophilic fish Ossubtus xinguense Jégu from Rio Xingu rapids. This species is threatened by construction of the third largest hydroelectric in the world, the Belo Monte dam close to the city of Altamira, northern Brazil. Specimens were collected in the dry season between July 2012 and September 2012. Male specimens have body length larger than females, atypical in serrasalmid fishes, and different length-weight relationships were found between adult and juvenile specimens. This study presents the first biological characteristics for O. xinguense.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - A J S Jesus
- Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - T Giarrizzo
- Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Pereira TNA, Castro RMC. A new species of Utiaritichthys Miranda Ribeiro (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from the Serra dos Parecis, Tapajós drainage. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20130137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Utiaritichthysesguiceroi is described from the upper portion of the rio Juruena, rio Tapajós drainage, Mato Grosso State, Central Brazil. The new species distinguished from its two congeners, U. sennaebragai Miranda Ribeiro and U. longidorsalis Jégu, Tito de Morais & Santos, by having 99 to 101 perforated scales on lateral line (vs. 69 to 83), presence of 17 to19 prepelvic spines (vs. 9-13 in U. sennaebragai and 28-31 in U. longidorsalis), 20 to 21 postpelvic spines (vs. 15 to 19 in U. sennaebragai, and 14 in U. longidorsalis), and 23 to 25 circumpeduncular scales (vs. 30-48 in U. sennaebragai, and 33-35 in U. longidorsalis). Furthermore, the new species differs from U. longidorsalis by having larger interdorsal width, and adipose-fin base length (11.8-15.6 vs. 7.1-7.9% of SL, and 4.2-5.8 vs. 3.7-3.8% of SL, respectively).
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