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Salib A, Jayatilleke N, Seneviratne JA, Mayoh C, De Preter K, Speleman F, Cheung BB, Carter DR, Marshall GM. MYCN and SNRPD3 cooperate to maintain a balance of alternative splicing events that drives neuroblastoma progression. Oncogene 2024; 43:363-377. [PMID: 38049564 PMCID: PMC10824661 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Many of the pro-tumorigenic functions of the oncogene MYCN are attributed to its regulation of global gene expression programs. Alternative splicing is another important regulator of gene expression and has been implicated in neuroblastoma development, however, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We found that MYCN up-regulated the expression of the core spliceosomal protein, SNRPD3, in models of neuroblastoma initiation and progression. High mRNA expression of SNRPD3 in human neuroblastoma tissues was a strong, independent prognostic factor for poor patient outcome. Repression of SNRPD3 expression correlated with loss of colony formation in vitro and reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. The effect of SNRPD3 on cell viability was in part dependent on MYCN as an oncogenic co-factor. RNA-sequencing revealed a global increase in the number of genes being differentially spliced when MYCN was overexpressed. Surprisingly, depletion of SNRPD3 in the presence of overexpressed MYCN further increased differential splicing, particularly of cell cycle regulators, such as BIRC5 and CDK10. MYCN directly bound SNRPD3, and the protein arginine methyltransferase, PRMT5, consequently increasing SNRPD3 methylation. Indeed, the PRMT5 inhibitor, JNJ-64619178, reduced cell viability and SNRPD3 methylation in neuroblastoma cells with high SNRPD3 and MYCN expression. Our findings demonstrate a functional relationship between MYCN and SNRPD3, which maintains the fidelity of MYCN-driven alternative splicing in the narrow range required for neuroblastoma cell growth. SNRPD3 methylation and its protein-protein interface with MYCN represent novel therapeutic targets. Hypothetical model for SNRPD3 as a co-factor for MYCN oncogenesis. SNRPD3 and MYCN participate in a regulatory loop to balance splicing fidelity in neuroblastoma cells. First MYCN transactivates SNRPD3 to lead to high-level expression. Second, SNRPD3 and MYCN form a protein complex involving PRMT5. Third, this leads to balanced alterative splicing (AS) activitiy that is favorable to neuroblastoma. Together this forms as a therapeutic vulnerability where SNRPD3 perturbation or PRMT5 inhibitors are selectively toxic to neuroblastoma by conditionally disturbing splicing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Salib
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nisitha Jayatilleke
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Janith A Seneviratne
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics (CMGG), Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics (CMGG), Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
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Githaka JM, Pirayeshfard L, Goping IS. Cancer invasion and metastasis: Insights from murine pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130375. [PMID: 37150225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer invasion and metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer related mortality. A better understanding of the players that drive the aberrant invasion and migration of tumors cells will provide critical targets to inhibit metastasis. Postnatal pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis is characterized by highly proliferative, invasive, and migratory normal epithelial cells. Identifying the molecular regulators of pubertal gland development is a promising strategy since tumorigenesis and metastasis is postulated to be a consequence of aberrant reactivation of developmental stages. In this review, we summarize the pubertal morphogenesis regulators that are involved in cancer metastasis and revisit pubertal mammary gland transcriptome profiling to uncover both known and unknown metastasis genes. Our updated list of pubertal morphogenesis regulators shows that most are implicated in invasion and metastasis. This review highlights molecular linkages between development and metastasis and provides a guide for exploring novel metastatic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maringa Githaka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Leila Pirayeshfard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Ousalem F, Singh S, Bailey NA, Wong KH, Zhu L, Neky MJ, Sibindi C, Fei J, Gonzalez RL, Boël G, Hunt JF. Comparative genetic, biochemical, and biophysical analyses of the four E. coli ABCF paralogs support distinct functions related to mRNA translation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.11.543863. [PMID: 37398404 PMCID: PMC10312648 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.11.543863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple paralogous ABCF ATPases are encoded in most genomes, but the physiological functions remain unknown for most of them. We herein compare the four Escherichia coli K12 ABCFs - EttA, Uup, YbiT, and YheS - using assays previously employed to demonstrate EttA gates the first step of polypeptide elongation on the ribosome dependent on ATP/ADP ratio. A Δ uup knockout, like Δ ettA , exhibits strongly reduced fitness when growth is restarted from long-term stationary phase, but neither Δ ybiT nor Δ yheS exhibits this phenotype. All four proteins nonetheless functionally interact with ribosomes based on in vitro translation and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments employing variants harboring glutamate-to-glutamine active-site mutations (EQ 2 ) that trap them in the ATP-bound conformation. These variants all strongly stabilize the same global conformational state of a ribosomal elongation complex harboring deacylated tRNA Val in the P site. However, EQ 2 -Uup uniquely exchanges on/off the ribosome on a second timescale, while EQ 2 -YheS-bound ribosomes uniquely sample alternative global conformations. At sub-micromolar concentrations, EQ 2 -EttA and EQ 2 -YbiT fully inhibit in vitro translation of an mRNA encoding luciferase, while EQ 2 -Uup and EQ 2 -YheS only partially inhibit it at ~10-fold higher concentrations. Moreover, tripeptide synthesis reactions are not inhibited by EQ 2 -Uup or EQ 2 -YheS, while EQ 2 -YbiT inhibits synthesis of both peptide bonds and EQ 2 -EttA specifically traps ribosomes after synthesis of the first peptide bond. These results support the four E. coli ABCF paralogs all having different activities on translating ribosomes, and they suggest that there remains a substantial amount of functionally uncharacterized "dark matter" involved in mRNA translation.
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Fan J, Ding Y, Huang H, Xiong S, He L, Guo J. High expression of ABCF1 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in bladder cancer. BMC Urol 2023; 23:37. [PMID: 36932399 PMCID: PMC10022215 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCF1, a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, is involved in the malignant progression of tumors. However, the role of ABCF1 in bladder cancer is poorly understood. In our study, we explored the differential expression of ABCF1 in bladder cancer and normal bladder tissues based on bioinformatic analysis and immunohistochemical results. GSEA was performed to ascertain the potential related signaling pathways of ABCF1. The relationship between ABCF1 expression and bladder cancer progression was analyzed using the GSE13507 dataset. In addition, the differential expression of ABCF1 in the cell lines was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) and Western blotting. ABCF1 was upregulated in bladder cancer, and the high expression of ABCF1 was closely related to sex (P = 0.00056), grade (P = 0.00049), T stage (P = 0.00007), and N stage (P = 0.0076). High expression of ABCF1 was correlated with poor overall survival in bladder cancer patients (P < 0.001). In addition, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that high ABCF1 expression was an independent factor for poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients. Therefore, ABCF1 expression is closely related to the progression of bladder cancer and can be used as a potential indicator of poor prognosis and a therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaWen Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - HaoXuan Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - ShiDa Xiong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ju Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Comparative Analysis of Transcriptional Responses to Genotoxic and Non-Genotoxic Agents in the Blood Cell Model TK6 and the Liver Model HepaRG. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073420. [PMID: 35408779 PMCID: PMC8998745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcript signatures are a promising approach to identify and classify genotoxic and non-genotoxic compounds and are of interest as biomarkers or for future regulatory application. Not much data, however, is yet available about the concordance of transcriptional responses in different cell types or tissues. Here, we analyzed transcriptomic responses to selected genotoxic food contaminants in the human p53-competent lymphoblastoid cell line TK6 using RNA sequencing. Responses to treatment with five genotoxins, as well as with four non-genotoxic liver toxicants, were compared with previously published gene expression data from the human liver cell model HepaRG. A significant overlap of the transcriptomic changes upon genotoxic stress was detectable in TK6 cells, whereas the comparison with the HepaRG model revealed considerable differences, which was confirmed by bioinformatic data mining for cellular upstream regulators or pathways. Taken together, the study presents a transcriptomic signature for genotoxin exposure in the human TK6 blood cell model. The data demonstrate that responses in different cell models have considerable variations. Detection of a transcriptomic genotoxin signature in blood cells indicates that gene expression analyses of blood samples might be a valuable approach to also estimate responses to toxic exposure in target organs such as the liver.
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Cho O, Kim DW, Cheong JY. Screening Plasma Exosomal RNAs as Diagnostic Markers for Cervical Cancer: An Analysis of Patients Who Underwent Primary Chemoradiotherapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1691. [PMID: 34827689 PMCID: PMC8615616 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This preliminary study aimed to screen non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) from plasma exosomes as a new method for cervical cancer diagnosis. Differentially expressed RNAs were initially selected from among a group of 12 healthy individuals (normal group) and a pretreatment group of 30 patients with cervical cancer (cancer group). Then, we analyzed the association between an ncRNA-mRNA network and cancer using ingenuity pathway analysis after secondary selection according to the number and correlation of mRNAs (or ncRNAs) relative to changes in the expression of primarily selected ncRNAs (or mRNAs) before and after chemoradiotherapy. The number of RNAs selected from the initial RNAs was one from 13 miRNAs, four from 42 piRNAs, four from 28 lncRNAs, nine from 18 snoRNAs, 10 from 76 snRNAs, nine from 474 tRNAs, nine from 64 yRNAs, and five from 67 mRNAs. The combination of miRNA (miR-142-3p), mRNAs (CXCL5, KIF2A, RGS18, APL6IP5, and DAPP1), and snoRNAs (SNORD17, SCARNA12, SNORA6, SNORA12, SCRNA1, SNORD97, SNORD62, and SNORD38A) clearly distinguished the normal samples from the cancer group samples. We present a method for efficiently screening eight classes of RNAs isolated from exosomes for cervical cancer diagnosis using mRNAs (or ncRNAs) altered by chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyeon Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Do-Wan Kim
- Ajou Translational Omics Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (D.-W.K.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jae-Youn Cheong
- Ajou Translational Omics Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (D.-W.K.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Human Genome Research and Bio-Resource Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Jiang L, Zhou X, Xu K, Hu P, Bao J, Li J, Zhu J, Wu L. miR-7/EGFR/MEGF9 axis regulates cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8622-8634. [PMID: 34629037 PMCID: PMC8806962 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1988362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people. Our previous study has proved that microRNA-7 (miR-7) exacerbated the OA process. This study was aimed to explore the downstream genes and mechanism regulated by miR-7 to affect OA. Multiple EGF-like-domains 9 (MEGF9) was the predicted target of miR-7 by databases. Luciferase report experiment results confirmed that MEGF9 could bind to miR-7. Among the 10 collected pairs of OA and healthy samples, the expression levels of miR-7 and MEGF9 were both up-regulated when compared with healthy subjects by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The increased MEGF9 levels were due to the interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by co-immunoprecipitation. Evaluations found that upregulation of miR-7 or MEGF9 can increase the expression of EGFR, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and a disintegrin like and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS-5), so as to aggravate cartilage degradation. In addition, this effect induced by miR-7/EGFR/MEGF9 axis was by activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. The IHC and western blot assay results on OA model mice also demonstrated that miR-7/EGFR/MEGF9 axis regulated cartilage degradation in vivo. In summary, miR-7/EGFR/MEGF9 axis may perform a crucial function in the regulation of OA, providing potential for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xindie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Bao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Suichang Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Suichang County People's Hospital in Zhejiang Province), Suichang, LiShui, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Combination of MCM2 With Ki67 and p16 Immunohistochemistry Can Distinguish Uterine Leiomyosarcomas. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2021; 39:354-361. [PMID: 32515921 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of 2 new proliferation markers, cyclin D1 and minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2), in comparison with p16, p53, and Ki67 in differentiating the spectrum of smooth muscle tumors. An institutional database search from 2009 to 2017 identified 10 cases of uterine leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei (LBN), 12 smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential, and 13 leiomyosarcomas (LMS). Ten resected leiomyomas (LM) were included as controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the befitting representative block from each case. Ki67 was <10% in all LMs and LBNs, whereas >10% in all LMSs. Although wild-type in majority of cases, p53 was overexpressed in 38% of LMSs. Cyclin D1 nuclear positivity in LMs, LBNs, and smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentials ranged from 0% to 65% of neoplastic cells with mostly weak to moderate staining intensity. Instead, cyclin D1 expression was <5% in all LMSs. The ratio of MCM2 positivity exhibited a similar wide range (<1%-80%) in LMs, LBNs, and smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentials but interestingly, 92% (12/13) of LMSs were diffusely and strongly positive for MCM2 (>80% cell positivity). Overall, for diagnosis of LMS, the sensitivity for diffuse intense MCM2 staining was higher (92%) compared with diffuse staining for p16 (77%); however, specificity of MCM2 and p16 was comparable (94% and 97%, respectively). Herein, we describe the immunohistochemical profile of 2 new proliferation markers, cyclin D1 and MCM2 in uterine smooth muscle tumors. A combination of diffuse strong MCM2 and p16 reactivity with increased Ki67 index can reliably distinguish LMSs from benign histologic mimics.
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Identification of GSN and LAMC2 as Key Prognostic Genes of Bladder Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071809. [PMID: 32640634 PMCID: PMC7408759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common malignancy with mechanisms of pathogenesis and progression. This study aimed to identify the prognostic hub genes, which are the central modulators to regulate the progression and proliferation in the specific subtype of bladder cancer. The identification of the candidate hub gene was performed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis to construct a free-scale gene co-expression network. The gene expression profile of GSE97768 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was used. The association between prognosis and hub gene was evaluated by The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Four gene-expression modules were significantly related to bladder cancer disease: the red module (human adenocarcinoma lymph node metastasis), the darkturquioise module (grade 2 carcinoma), the lightgreen module (grade 3 carcinoma), and the royalblue module (transitional cell carcinoma lymphatic metastasis). Based on betweenness centrality and survival analysis, we identified laminin subunit gamma-2 (LAMC2) in the grade 2 carcinoma, gelsolin (GSN) in the grade 3 carcinoma, and homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) in the transitional cell carcinoma lymphatic metastasis. Subsequently, the protein levels of LAMC2 and GSN were respectively down-regulated and up-regulated in tumor tissue with the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Our results suggested that LAMC2 and GSN are the central modulators to transfer information in the specific subtype of the disease.
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Liu G, Zhao J, Pan B, Ma G, Liu L. UBE2C overexpression in melanoma and its essential role in G2/M transition. J Cancer 2019; 10:2176-2184. [PMID: 31258721 PMCID: PMC6584412 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin‑conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) is a key regulator of cell cycle progression, and its aberrant expression has been implicated in various malignancies. However, its clinical and biological roles in malignant melanoma is still unclear. In this study, we found a significant high expression level of UBE2C in melanoma by an in silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, which was further validated using fresh melanoma samples. The KM plotter showed that UBE2C level was statistically related to the overall survival (OS) of melanoma patients (p<0.01). RNA interference of UBE2C inhibited the growth of melanoma cells via deactivating ERK/Akt signaling pathways, and blocked the G2/M transition through downregulation of both the level and the activity of mitosis promoting factor (MPF), triggering the apoptosis of melanoma cells. Further, silencing of UBE2C significantly inhibited the xenografted tumor growth on nude mice, indicating an important role of UBE2C in melanoma growth in vivo. Together, our results show that UBE2C may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker as well as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Bone & Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Boyu Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Liren Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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The Role of Nonerythroid Spectrin αII in Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7079604. [PMID: 31186638 PMCID: PMC6521328 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7079604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonerythroid spectrin αII (SPTAN1) is an important cytoskeletal protein that ensures vital cellular properties including polarity and cell stabilization. In addition, it is involved in cell adhesion, cell-cell contact, and apoptosis. The detection of altered expression of SPTAN1 in tumors indicates that SPTAN1 might be involved in the development and progression of cancer. SPTAN1 has been described in cancer and therapy response and proposed as a potential marker protein for neoplasia, tumor aggressiveness, and therapeutic efficiency. On one hand, the existing data suggest that overexpression of SPTAN1 in tumor cells reflects neoplastic and tumor promoting activity. On the other hand, nuclear SPTAN1 can have tumor suppressing effects by enabling DNA repair through interaction with DNA repair proteins. Moreover, SPTAN1 cleavage products occur during apoptosis and could serve as markers for the efficacy of cancer therapy. Due to SPTAN1's multifaceted functions and its role in adhesion and migration, SPTAN1 can influence tumor growth and progression in both positive and negative directions depending on its specific regulation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on SPTAN1 in cancer and depicts several mechanisms by which SPTAN1 could impact tumor development and aggressiveness.
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Majerska J, Feretzaki M, Glousker G, Lingner J. Transformation-induced stress at telomeres is counteracted through changes in the telomeric proteome including SAMHD1. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800121. [PMID: 30456372 PMCID: PMC6238619 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors apply telomeric chromatin analysis to identify factors that accumulate at telomeres during cellular transformation, promoting telomere replication and repair and counteracting oncogene-borne telomere replication stress. Telomeres play crucial roles during tumorigenesis, inducing cellular senescence upon telomere shortening and extensive chromosome instability during telomere crisis. However, it has not been investigated if and how cellular transformation and oncogenic stress alter telomeric chromatin composition and function. Here, we transform human fibroblasts by consecutive transduction with vectors expressing hTERT, the SV40 early region, and activated H-RasV12. Pairwise comparisons of the telomeric proteome during different stages of transformation reveal up-regulation of proteins involved in chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and replication at chromosome ends. Depletion of several of these proteins induces telomere fragility, indicating their roles in replication of telomeric DNA. Depletion of SAMHD1, which has reported roles in DNA resection and homology-directed repair, leads to telomere breakage events in cells deprived of the shelterin component TRF1. Thus, our analysis identifies factors, which accumulate at telomeres during cellular transformation to promote telomere replication and repair, resisting oncogene-borne telomere replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Majerska
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Feretzaki
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Galina Glousker
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Lingner
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Serpin Facilitates Tumor-Suppressive Cell Competition by Blocking Toll-Mediated Yki Activation in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1756-1767.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mancarella C, Pasello M, Ventura S, Grilli A, Calzolari L, Toracchio L, Lollini PL, Donati DM, Picci P, Ferrari S, Scotlandi K. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA-Binding Protein 3 is a Novel Post-Transcriptional Regulator of Ewing Sarcoma Malignancy. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3704-3716. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Nicolau-Neto P, Palumbo A, De Martino M, Esposito F, de Almeida Simão T, Fusco A, Nasciutti LE, Meireles Da Costa N, Ribeiro Pinto LF. UBE2C Is a Transcriptional Target of the Cell Cycle Regulator FOXM1. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040188. [PMID: 29596365 PMCID: PMC5924530 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 (forkhead box protein M1) is a transcription factor that participates in all stages of tumor development, mainly through the control of cell cycle and proliferation, regulating the expression of genes involved in G1/S and G2/M transition and M phase progression. The ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2C) is a member of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome, promoting the degradation of several target proteins along cell cycle progression, during metaphase/anaphase transition. FOXM1 and UBE2C have been found overexpressed in a wide range of different solid tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether UBE2C is a transcriptional target of FOXM1, using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model, in addition to several cancer-deposited data. Our results show that FOXM1 and UBE2C expression present a positive correlation in normal tissues and in 25 distinct tumor types, including ESCC, where these genes are overexpressed. Moreover, FOXM1 binds to UBE2C promoter region in ESCC cell line and transcriptionally activates it, leading to UBE2C upregulation. In conclusion, this study provides evidences that FOXM1 transcriptionally regulates UBE2C expression in ESCC and their deregulation may be a general phenomenon in human neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nicolau-Neto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Tatiana de Almeida Simão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, Fundos, Pavilhão Américo Piquet Carneiro-4° Andar, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, Fundos, Pavilhão Américo Piquet Carneiro-4° Andar, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil.
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UBE2C is overexpressed in ESCC tissues and its abrogation attenuates the malignant phenotype of ESCC cell lines. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65876-65887. [PMID: 27588470 PMCID: PMC5323199 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is widely known as a highly lethal and poor understood cancer, then requiring the search for novel molecular markers to improve its management and patients survival. Recently, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) has been figuring as a prominent tumor biomarker candidate, once it has been recognized as a key player in cell cycle progression. In this way, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression profile of UBE2C gene and protein in ESCC samples, as well as its diagnostic and prognostic marker potential, and its contribution to ESSC genesis and/or progression by performing in vitro functional assays. The analysis of UBE2C gene expression in 52 paired ESCC samples (tumor and respective histologically normal surrounding tissue), by qRT-PCR, revealed that this gene is overexpressed in 73% of ESCC samples. Subsequently, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that UBE2C protein expression was upregulated in all ESCC cases, but absent in the histologically normal tumor surrounding tissues. Moreover, we showed that UBE2C mRNA expression was able to accurately discriminate ESCC tissue from both healthy esophageal and histologically normal tumor surrounding tissues, pointing out its role as a diagnostic marker for this cancer. Finally, we report that UBE2C affects proliferation rates and cell cycle profile of ESCC cell lines, by directly interfering with cyclin B1 protein levels, suggesting its involvement in crucial steps of ESCC carcinogenesis.
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17
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Qiu J, Peng S, Si-Tu J, Hu C, Huang W, Mao Y, Qiu W, Li K, Wang D. Identification of endonuclease domain-containing 1 as a novel tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:360. [PMID: 28532481 PMCID: PMC5440950 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endonuclease domain containing 1 (ENDOD1) is implicated in tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of multiple tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of ENDOD1 in prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS Immunohistochemistry were performed in 30 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 50 cases of PCa to identify its association with clinicopathological characteristics. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect ENDOD1 mRNA and protein expression in normal prostatic epithelial and PCa cell lines. MTT assays were employed to determine the effect of cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to explore the cell cycle distribution and apoptotic effects. Transwell migration and invasion assays were done to evaluate changes in the ability of cell migration and invasion. RESULTS Immunoreactivity scores of ENDOD1 showed no statistical difference between BPH and low-grade PCa, whereas lower immunostaining scores were observed in high-grade compared with low-grade PCa. Real-time PCR data indicated that ENDOD1 mRNA expression was markedly increased in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells and decreased in PC3 and DU145 cells compared to the normal epithelial cells RWPE1. Western blot showed that androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells had the highest protein expression level of ENDOD1, whereas castration-resistant PCa cell lines PC3 and DU145 had significantly lower protein levels. Meanwhile, overexpression of ENDOD1 suppressed cell proliferation, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Conversely, siRNA-mediated silencing of ENDOD1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. No apoptotic effects occurred upon manipulation of ENDOD1 expression. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that ENDOD1 is a novel tumor suppressor in PCa, which may be employed as a new drug target of preventing progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Qiu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Shubin Peng
- Department of Urology and Liver Disease Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Si-Tu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Wentao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Yunhua Mao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Wenhan Qiu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Dejuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
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18
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de Las Heras JI, Zuleger N, Batrakou DG, Czapiewski R, Kerr ARW, Schirmer EC. Tissue-specific NETs alter genome organization and regulation even in a heterologous system. Nucleus 2017; 8:81-97. [PMID: 28045568 PMCID: PMC5287206 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2016.1261230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Different cell types exhibit distinct patterns of 3D genome organization that correlate with changes in gene expression in tissue and differentiation systems. Several tissue-specific nuclear envelope transmembrane proteins (NETs) have been found to influence the spatial positioning of genes and chromosomes that normally occurs during tissue differentiation. Here we study 3 such NETs: NET29, NET39, and NET47, which are expressed preferentially in fat, muscle and liver, respectively. We found that even when exogenously expressed in a heterologous system they can specify particular genome organization patterns and alter gene expression. Each NET affected largely different subsets of genes. Notably, the liver-specific NET47 upregulated many genes in HT1080 fibroblast cells that are normally upregulated in hepatogenesis, showing that tissue-specific NETs can favor expression patterns associated with the tissue where the NET is normally expressed. Similarly, global profiling of peripheral chromatin after exogenous expression of these NETs using lamin B1 DamID revealed that each NET affected the nuclear positioning of distinct sets of genomic regions with a significant tissue-specific component. Thus NET influences on genome organization can contribute to gene expression changes associated with differentiation even in the absence of other factors and overt cellular differentiation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose I de Las Heras
- a The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Nikolaj Zuleger
- a The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Dzmitry G Batrakou
- a The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Rafal Czapiewski
- a The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Alastair R W Kerr
- a The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Eric C Schirmer
- a The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
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19
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Melin M, Rivera P, Arendt M, Elvers I, Murén E, Gustafson U, Starkey M, Borge KS, Lingaas F, Häggström J, Saellström S, Rönnberg H, Lindblad-Toh K. Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies Germ-Line Risk Factors Associated with Canine Mammary Tumours. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006029. [PMID: 27158822 PMCID: PMC4861258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumours (CMT) are the most common neoplasia in unspayed female dogs. CMTs are suitable naturally occurring models for human breast cancer and share many characteristics, indicating that the genetic causes could also be shared. We have performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in English Springer Spaniel dogs and identified a genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 11 (praw = 5.6x10-7, pperm = 0.019). The most associated haplotype spans a 446 kb region overlapping the CDK5RAP2 gene. The CDK5RAP2 protein has a function in cell cycle regulation and could potentially have an impact on response to chemotherapy treatment. Two additional loci, both on chromosome 27, were nominally associated (praw = 1.97x10-5 and praw = 8.30x10-6). The three loci explain 28.1±10.0% of the phenotypic variation seen in the cohort, whereas the top ten associated regions account for 38.2±10.8% of the risk. Furthermore, the ten GWAS loci and regions with reduced genetic variability are significantly enriched for snoRNAs and tumour-associated antigen genes, suggesting a role for these genes in CMT development. We have identified several candidate genes associated with canine mammary tumours, including CDK5RAP2. Our findings enable further comparative studies to investigate the genes and pathways in human breast cancer patients. Dogs provide an excellent model system for several human diseases, including cancer. Heavy breeding for certain behavioural or phenotypic traits has created genetic isolates–breeds–characterised by low levels of genetic variation and a limited number of genetic disease variants within each breed. Cancer is the most common cause of death in dogs today, and canine mammary tumours (CMT) are the most prevalent tumour type in unspayed female dogs. These tumours are very similar to human breast cancer and could therefore be used as a naturally occurring model for the human disease. We have investigated genetic variants associated with CMT in English Springer Spaniels pointing to a gene involved in cell cycle regulation (CDK5RAP2). The CDK5RAP2 could therefore have a key role in the development of mammary tumours and we suggest that further studies should be performed in both dogs and women to investigate CDK5RAP2 and its possible effect on disease and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Melin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, genetics and pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (MM); (KLT)
| | | | - Maja Arendt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ingegerd Elvers
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eva Murén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulla Gustafson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Kaja Sverdrup Borge
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Lingaas
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Saellström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Rönnberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (KLT)
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20
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EGCG regulates the cross-talk between JWA and topoisomerase IIα in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11009. [PMID: 26046674 PMCID: PMC4457146 DOI: 10.1038/srep11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a well-known cancer chemopreventive agent. The potential mechanisms include regulation of multiple molecules. Carcinogenesis in lung cancer is related to the imbalance of tumor suppressor and oncogene. JWA is a structurally novel microtubule-binding protein and is a potential tumor suppressor. DNA topoisomerase IIα is a nuclear enzyme that governs DNA topology and is usually highly expressed in many types of cancer. It serves as a target of anticancer drugs. In the current study, the regulation of JWA and topoisomerase IIα by EGCG, and thereafter the mutual interaction between them was investigated. The results revealed that EGCG up-regulated JWA while decreased topoisomerase IIα expression in both human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and an NSCLC xenograft mice model. There was a negative correlation between JWA and topoisomerase IIα in NSCLC as well as in human NSCLC tissue specimens. Topoisomerase IIα overexpression reduced JWA at the translational level. Meanwhile, JWA-induced topoisomerase IIα degradation was regulated both in the transcriptional and post-translational level. Interestingly, JWA and topoisomerase IIα regulated each other in the cells arrested in G2/M. Furthermore, JWA and topoisomerase IIα synergistically affected NCI-H460 cells invasion. These results may serve a novel mechanism for cancer prevention.
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21
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Bai XH, Cho HR, Moodley S, Liu M. XB130-A Novel Adaptor Protein: Gene, Function, and Roles in Tumorigenesis. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:903014. [PMID: 24995146 PMCID: PMC4068053 DOI: 10.1155/2014/903014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several adaptor proteins have previously been shown to play an important role in the promotion of tumourigenesis. XB130 (AFAP1L2) is an adaptor protein involved in many cellular functions, such as cell survival, cell proliferation, migration, and gene and miRNA expression. XB130's functional domains and motifs enable its interaction with a multitude of proteins involved in several different signaling pathways. As a tyrosine kinase substrate, tyrosine phosphorylated XB130 associates with the p85 α regulatory subunit of phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and subsequently affects Akt activity and its downstream signalling. Tumourigenesis studies show that downregulation of XB130 expression by RNAi inhibits tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Furthermore, XB130 affects tumor oncogenicity by regulating the expression of specific tumour suppressing miRNAs. The expression level and pattern of XB130 has been studied in various human tumors, such as thyroid, esophageal, and gastric cancers, as well as, soft tissue tumors. Studies show the significant effects of XB130 in tumourigenesis and suggest its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Bai
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Hae-Ra Cho
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L7 ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Serisha Moodley
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L7 ; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L7 ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 ; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 ; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1P5
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22
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López-Corral L, Corchete LA, Sarasquete ME, Mateos MV, García-Sanz R, Fermiñán E, Lahuerta JJ, Bladé J, Oriol A, Teruel AI, Martino ML, Hernández J, Hernández-Rivas JM, Burguillo FJ, San Miguel JF, Gutiérrez NC. Transcriptome analysis reveals molecular profiles associated with evolving steps of monoclonal gammopathies. Haematologica 2014; 99:1365-72. [PMID: 24816239 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.087809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A multistep model has been proposed of disease progression starting in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance continuing through multiple myeloma, sometimes with an intermediate entity called smoldering myeloma, and ending in extramedullary disease. To gain further insights into the role of the transcriptome deregulation in the transition from a normal plasma cell to a clonal plasma cell, and from an indolent clonal plasma cell to a malignant plasma cell, we performed gene expression profiling in 20 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, 33 with high-risk smoldering myeloma and 41 with multiple myeloma. The analysis showed that 126 genes were differentially expressed in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering myeloma and multiple myeloma as compared to normal plasma cell. Interestingly, 17 and 9 out of the 126 significant differentially expressed genes were small nucleolar RNA molecules and zinc finger proteins. Several proapoptotic genes (AKT1 and AKT2) were down-regulated and antiapoptotic genes (APAF1 and BCL2L1) were up-regulated in multiple myeloma, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, compared to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. When we looked for those genes progressively modulated through the evolving stages of monoclonal gammopathies, eight snoRNA showed a progressive increase while APAF1, VCAN and MEGF9 exhibited a progressive downregulation. In conclusion, our data show that although monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering myeloma and multiple myeloma are not clearly distinguishable groups according to their gene expression profiling, several signaling pathways and genes were significantly deregulated at different steps of the transformation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Corral
- Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca
| | - Luis Antonio Corchete
- Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca
| | - María Eugenia Sarasquete
- Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca
| | - María Victoria Mateos
- Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca
| | | | | | - Joan Bladé
- Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Clinic, Barcelona
| | - Albert Oriol
- Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jesús F San Miguel
- Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca
| | - Norma C Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca
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De Meulder B, Berger F, Bareke E, Depiereux S, Michiels C, Depiereux E. Meta-analysis and gene set analysis of archived microarrays suggest implication of the spliceosome in metastatic and hypoxic phenotypes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86699. [PMID: 24497970 PMCID: PMC3908947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose to make use of the wealth of underused DNA chip data available in public repositories to study the molecular mechanisms behind the adaptation of cancer cells to hypoxic conditions leading to the metastatic phenotype. We have developed new bioinformatics tools and adapted others to identify with maximum sensitivity those genes which are expressed differentially across several experiments. The comparison of two analytical approaches, based on either Over Representation Analysis or Functional Class Scoring, by a meta-analysis-based approach, led to the retrieval of known information about the biological situation - thus validating the model - but also more importantly to the discovery of the previously unknown implication of the spliceosome, the cellular machinery responsible for mRNA splicing, in the development of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand De Meulder
- Microorganism Biology Research Unit -NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Berger
- Microorganism Biology Research Unit -NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric Bareke
- Sainte Justine University Hospital Center Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sophie Depiereux
- Environmental and Evolutional Research Unit, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carine Michiels
- Cellular Biology Research Unit - NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric Depiereux
- Microorganism Biology Research Unit -NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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24
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Hinrichsen I, Ernst BP, Nuber F, Passmann S, Schäfer D, Steinke V, Friedrichs N, Plotz G, Zeuzem S, Brieger A. Reduced migration of MLH1 deficient colon cancer cells depends on SPTAN1. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:11. [PMID: 24456667 PMCID: PMC3904401 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Defects in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein MLH1 are frequently observed in sporadic and hereditary colorectal cancers (CRC). Affected tumors generate much less metastatic potential than the MLH1 proficient forms. Although MLH1 has been shown to be not only involved in postreplicative MMR but also in several MMR independent processes like cytoskeletal organization, the connection between MLH1 and metastasis remains unclear. We recently identified non-erythroid spectrin αII (SPTAN1), a scaffolding protein involved in cell adhesion and motility, to interact with MLH1. In the current study, the interaction of MLH1 and SPTAN1 and its potential consequences for CRC metastasis was evaluated. Methods Nine cancer cell lines as well as fresh and paraffin embedded colon cancer tissue from 12 patients were used in gene expression studies of SPTAN1 and MLH1. Co-expression of SPTAN1 and MLH1 was analyzed by siRNA knock down of MLH1 in HeLa, HEK293, MLH1 positive HCT116, SW480 and LoVo cells. Effects on cellular motility were determined in MLH1 deficient HCT116 and MLH1 deficient HEK293T compared to their MLH1 proficient sister cells, respectively. Results MLH1 deficiency is clearly associated with SPTAN1 reduction. Moreover, siRNA knock down of MLH1 decreased the mRNA level of SPTAN1 in HeLa, HEK293 as well as in MLH1 positive HCT116 cells, which indicates a co-expression of SPTAN1 by MLH1. In addition, cellular motility of MLH1 deficient HCT116 and MLH1 deficient HEK293T cells was impaired compared to the MLH1 proficient sister clones. Consequently, overexpression of SPTAN1 increased migration of MLH1 deficient cells while knock down of SPTAN1 decreased cellular mobility of MLH1 proficient cells, indicating SPTAN1-dependent migration ability. Conclusions These data suggest that SPTAN1 levels decreased in concordance with MLH1 reduction and impaired cellular mobility in MLH1 deficient colon cancer cells. Therefore, aggressiveness of MLH1-positive CRC might be related to SPTAN1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Brieger
- Medical Clinic I, Biomedical Research Laboratory, Goethe-University, Frankfurt a,M, Germany.
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Feliciano A, Castellvi J, Artero-Castro A, Leal JA, Romagosa C, Hernández-Losa J, Peg V, Fabra A, Vidal F, Kondoh H, Ramón y Cajal S, LLeonart ME. miR-125b acts as a tumor suppressor in breast tumorigenesis via its novel direct targets ENPEP, CK2-α, CCNJ, and MEGF9. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76247. [PMID: 24098452 PMCID: PMC3789742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in diverse biological processes and are emerging as key regulators of tumorigenesis and tumor progression. To explore the dysregulation of miRNAs in breast cancer, a genome-wide expression profiling of 939 miRNAs was performed in 50 breast cancer patients. A total of 35 miRNAs were aberrantly expressed between breast cancer tissue and adjacent normal breast tissue and several novel miRNAs were identified as potential oncogenes or tumor suppressor miRNAs in breast tumorigenesis. miR-125b exhibited the largest decrease in expression. Enforced miR-125b expression in mammary cells decreased cell proliferation by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and reduced anchorage-independent cell growth of cells of mammary origin. miR-125b was found to perform its tumor suppressor function via the direct targeting of the 3’-UTRs of ENPEP, CK2-α, CCNJ, and MEGF9 mRNAs. Silencing these miR-125b targets mimicked the biological effects of miR-125b overexpression, confirming that they are modulated by miR-125b. Analysis of ENPEP, CK2-α, CCNJ, and MEGF9 protein expression in breast cancer patients revealed that they were overexpressed in 56%, 40–56%, 20%, and 32% of the tumors, respectively. The expression of ENPEP and CK2-α was inversely correlated with miR-125b expression in breast tumors, indicating the relevance of these potential oncogenic proteins in breast cancer patients. Our results support a prognostic role for CK2-α, whose expression may help clinicians predict breast tumor aggressiveness. In particular, our results show that restoration of miR-125b expression or knockdown of ENPEP, CK2-α, CCNJ, or MEGF9 may provide novel approaches for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Feliciano
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Castellvi
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Artero-Castro
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A. Leal
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cleofé Romagosa
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Peg
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Fabra
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde E. LLeonart
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Toxicogenomic approaches for understanding molecular mechanisms of heavy metal mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:587-98. [PMID: 23540489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals that are harmful to humans include arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and nickel. Some metals or their related compounds may even cause cancer. However, the mechanism underlying heavy metal-induced cancer remains unclear. Increasing data show a link between heavy metal exposure and aberrant changes in both genetic and epigenetic factors via non-targeted multiple toxicogenomic technologies of the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and epigenome. These modifications due to heavy metal exposure might provide a better understanding of environmental disorders. Such informative changes following heavy metal exposure might also be useful for screening of biomarker-monitored exposure to environmental pollutants and/or predicting the risk of disease. We summarize advances in high-throughput toxicogenomic-based technologies and studies related to exposure to individual heavy metal and/or mixtures and propose the underlying mechanism of action and toxicant signatures. Integrative multi-level expression analysis of the toxicity of heavy metals via system toxicology-based methodologies combined with statistical and computational tools might clarify the biological pathways involved in carcinogenic processes. Although standard in vitro and in vivo endpoint testing of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are considered a complementary approach linked to disease, we also suggest that further evaluation of prominent biomarkers reflecting effects, responses, and disease susceptibility might be diagnostic. Furthermore, we discuss challenges in toxicogenomic applications for toxicological studies of metal mixtures and epidemiological research. Taken together, this review presents toxicogenomic data that will be useful for improvement of the knowledge of carcinogenesis and the development of better strategies for health risk assessment.
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Dassano A, Noci S, Galbiati F, Colombo F, Trincucci G, Pettinicchio A, Dragani TA, Manenti G. Multigenic nature of the mouse pulmonary adenoma progression 1 locus. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:152. [PMID: 23497166 PMCID: PMC3602191 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In an intercross between the SWR/J and BALB/c mouse strains, the pulmonary adenoma progression 1 (Papg1) locus on chromosome 4 modulates lung tumor size, one of several measures of lung tumor progression. This locus has not been fully characterized and defined in its extent and genetic content. Fine mapping of this and other loci affecting lung tumor phenotype is possible using recombinant inbred strains. Results A population of 376 mice, obtained by crossing mice of the SWR/J strain with CXBN recombinant inbred mice, was treated with a single dose of urethane and assayed for multiplicity of large lung tumors (N2lung). A genome-wide analysis comparing N2lung with 6364 autosomal SNPs revealed multiple peaks of association. The Papg1 locus had two peaks, at rs3654162 (70.574 Mb, -logP=2.8) and rs6209043 (86.606 Mb, -logP=2.7), joined by an interval of weaker statistical association; these data confirm the presence of Papg1 on chromosome 4 and reduce the mapping region to two stretches of ~6.8 and ~4.2 Mb, in the proximal and distal peaks, respectively. The distal peak included Cdkn2a, a gene already proposed as being involved in Papg1 function. Other loci possibly modulating N2lung were detected on chromosomes 5, 8, 9, 11, 15, and 19, but analysis for linkage disequilibrium of these putative loci with Papg1 locus suggested that only those on chromosomes 11 and 15 were true positives. Conclusions These findings suggest that Papg1 consists, most likely, of two distinct, nearby loci, and point to putative additional loci on chromosomes 11 and 15 modulating lung tumor size. Within Papg1, Cdkn2a appears to be a strong candidate gene while additional Papg1 genes await to be identified. Greater knowledge of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying the germ-line modulation of lung tumor size in mice is relevant to other species, including humans, in that it may help identify new therapeutic targets in the fight against tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dassano
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
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Glehr M, Fritsch-Breisach M, Lohberger B, Walzer SM, Moazedi-Fuerst F, Rinner B, Gruber G, Graninger W, Leithner A, Windhager R. Influence of resveratrol on rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes analysed with gene chip transcription. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:310-318. [PMID: 23137833 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease that primarily attacks joints and is therefore a common cause of chronic disability and articular destruction. The hyperplastic growth of RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and their resistance against apoptosis are considered pathological hallmarks of RA. The natural antioxidant resveratrol is known for its antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties. This study investigated the effect of resveratrol on RA-FLS. RA-FLS were isolated from the synovium of 10 RA patients undergoing synovectomy or joint replacement surgery. RA-FLS were first stressed by pre-incubation with interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) and then treated with 100 μM resveratrol for 24h. In order to evaluate the influence of resveratrol on the transcription of genes, a Gene Chip Human Gene 1.0 ST Array was applied. In addition, the effect of dexamethasone on proliferation and apoptosis of RA-FLS was compared with that of resveratrol. Gene array analysis showed highly significant effects of resveratrol on the expression of genes involved in mitosis, cell cycle, chromosome segregation and apoptosis. qRT-PCR, caspase-3/7 and proliferation assays confirmed the results of gene array analysis. In comparison, dexamethasone showed little to no effect on reducing cell proliferation and apoptosis. Our in vitro findings point towards resveratrol as a promising new therapeutic approach for local intra-articular application against RA, and further clinical studies will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Glehr
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Wu X, Chen H, Gao Q, Bai J, Wang X, Zhou J, Qiu S, Xu Y, Shi Y, Wang X, Zhou J, Fan J. Downregulation of JWA promotes tumor invasion and predicts poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:325-36. [PMID: 23169062 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified JWA as a novel microtubule-associated protein (MAP), which is implicated in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The aims of the present study were to investigate the biological action and the prognostic significance of JWA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect JWA mRNA and protein expression, respectively, in stepwise metastatic HCC cell lines and HCC tissues. Short hairpin RNA was used to inhibit JWA expression in HCC cells. The effects of JWA depletion on cell migration, invasion, adhesion and in vivo metastasis were investigated. Immunohistochemistry of JWA was conducted in microarrays with tissue from 314 HCC patients who had undergone surgical resection. Prognostic significance was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests. The result showed JWA expression was decreased in the highly metastatic HCC cell lines and HCC tissues. Depletion of JWA caused a notable increase in cell migration, invasion and adhesion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between JWA expression and FAK expression and phosphorylation, RhoA activation and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity in HCC cells. More notably, multivariate analysis revealed that a low level of JWA expression was an independent prognosticator for both recurrence-free and overall survival for HCC patients after surgical resection, especially for AFP-normal HCC patients. Taken together, our data demonstrate that JWA plays a crucial role in HCC progression and suggest JWA may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of, China
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Hao Z, Zhang H, Cowell J. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2C: molecular biology, role in tumorigenesis, and potential as a biomarker. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:723-30. [PMID: 22170434 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) participates in cell cycle progression and checkpoint control by targeted degradation of short-lived proteins. As a conjugating enzyme, it directs polyubiquitination to preferred lysine in the substrates. In addition to its well-known role in cyclin B destruction that is essential for exit from mitosis, UBE2C also plays an important role in mitotic spindle checkpoint control. Cells overexpressing UBE2C ignore the mitotic spindle checkpoint signals and lose genomic stability, which is a hallmark of cancer. UBE2C expression is upregulated upon malignant transformation, and amplification of UBE2C is often seen at the chromosome level in cancers in a manner similar to c-Myc, which is directly upstream of UBE2C. UBE2C levels are upregulated in a wide range of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The level of expression correlates with the aggressiveness of the tumor. High UBE2C expression is predictive of poor survival and perhaps high risk for relapse. UBE2C immunochemistry may be integrated into the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy and gliomas. This minireview summarizes what is known about the function of UBE2C focusing on its role in the regulation of spindle assembly checkpoint, its part in tumorigenesis, and its potential as a tumor marker for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Hao
- Georgia Health Sciences University Cancer Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1120 15th street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Mallonee DH, Crowdus CA, Barger JL, Dawson KA, Power RF. Use of stringent selection parameters for the identification of possible selenium-responsive marker genes in mouse liver and gastrocnemius. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:992-1006. [PMID: 21080100 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is a trace element that, although toxic in higher concentrations, is essential for human and animal health. In this study, we looked at microarray-based gene expression patterns from liver and gastrocnemius tissues in mice fed either a selenium-deficient diet or diets containing sodium selenite, selenomethionine, or a yeast-derived selenium supplement. A p value cutoff of 0.01 was used to identify a select set of selenium-responsive genes that were consistently differentially expressed across three age groups of mice with both ANOVA and t test analyses. A total of 19 gene transcripts were found to be differentially expressed across the three age groups with at least one selenium-deficient/selenium-supplemented diet comparison. Of those 19 genes, 12 had been previously identified as selenoprotein-encoding genes, and four of the genes, Gpx1, Selh, Sep15, and Sepw1, were differentially expressed in both tissues, all three mouse age groups, and all three diet comparisons. Activities associated with non-selenoproteins encoded by selenium-responsive genes included transport and stress response. The selenophosphate synthetase 2 gene Sephs2 in gastrocnemius tissue and the solute carrier gene Slc48a1 in liver tissue, both up-regulated with selenium-deficient diets compared to all three selenium-supplemented diets, are previously overlooked candidates for dietary selenium marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell H Mallonee
- Alltech Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Nicholasville, KY, USA.
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Wang H, Zhang C, Rorick A, Wu D, Chiu M, Thomas-Ahner J, Chen Z, Chen H, Clinton SK, Chan KK, Wang Q. CCI-779 inhibits cell-cycle G2-M progression and invasion of castration-resistant prostate cancer via attenuation of UBE2C transcription and mRNA stability. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4866-76. [PMID: 21593191 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cell-cycle G(2)-M phase gene UBE2C is overexpressed in various solid tumors including castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Our recent studies found UBE2C to be a CRPC-specific androgen receptor (AR) target gene that is necessary for CRPC growth, providing a potential novel target for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we showed that the G(1)-S cell-cycle inhibitor-779 (CCI-779), an mTOR inhibitor, inhibited UBE2C mRNA and protein expression in AR-positive CRPC cell models abl and C4-2B. Treatment with CCI-779 significantly decreased abl cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of cell-cycle progression of both G(2)-M and G(1)-S phases. In addition, exposure of abl and C4-2B cells to CCI-779 also decreased UBE2C-dependent cell invasion. The molecular mechanisms for CCI-779 inhibition of UBE2C gene expression involved a decreased binding of AR coactivators SRC1, SRC3, p300, and MED1 to the UBE2C enhancers, leading to a reduction in RNA polymerase II loading to the UBE2C promoter, and attenuation of UBE2C mRNA stability. Our data suggest that, in addition to its ability to block cell-cycle G(1) to S-phase transition, CCI-779 causes a cell-cycle G(2)-M accumulation and an inhibition of cell invasion through a novel UBE2C-dependent mechanism, which contributes to antitumor activities of CCI-779 in UBE2C overexpressed AR-positive CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Benton MA, Rager JE, Smeester L, Fry RC. Comparative genomic analyses identify common molecular pathways modulated upon exposure to low doses of arsenic and cadmium. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:173. [PMID: 21457566 PMCID: PMC3082247 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the toxic metals arsenic and cadmium is associated with detrimental health effects including cancers of various organs. While arsenic and cadmium are well known to cause adverse health effects at high doses, the molecular impact resulting from exposure to environmentally relevant doses of these metals remains largely unexplored. RESULTS In this study, we examined the effects of in vitro exposure to either arsenic or cadmium in human TK6 lymphoblastoid cells using genomics and systems level pathway mapping approaches. A total of 167 genes with differential expression were identified following exposure to either metal with surprisingly no overlap between the two. Real-time PCR was used to confirm target gene expression changes. The gene sets were overlaid onto protein-protein interaction maps to identify metal-induced transcriptional networks. Interestingly, both metal-induced networks were significantly enriched for proteins involved in common biological processes such as tumorigenesis, inflammation, and cell signaling. These findings were further supported by gene set enrichment analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to compare the transcriptional responses induced by low dose exposure to cadmium and arsenic in human lymphoblastoid cells. These results highlight that even at low levels of exposure both metals can dramatically influence the expression of important cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Ann Benton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Shiozaki A, Liu M. Roles of XB130, a novel adaptor protein, in cancer. J Clin Bioinforma 2011; 1:10. [PMID: 21884627 PMCID: PMC3164603 DOI: 10.1186/2043-9113-1-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor proteins, with multi-modular structures, can participate in the regulation of various cellular functions. During molecular cloning process of actin filament associated protein, we have discovered a novel adaptor protein, referred to as XB130. The human xb130 gene is localized on chromosome 10q25.3, and encodes an 818 amino acid protein. The N-terminal region of XB130 includes several tyrosine phosphorylation sites and a proline-rich sequence that might interact with Src homology 2 and 3 domain-containing proteins, respectively. Our studies have indeed implicated XB130 as a likely substrate and regulator of tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling. Down-regulation of endogenous XB130 with small interfering RNA reduced c-Src activity, IL-8 production and phosphorylation of Akt in human lung epithelial cells. Further, XB130 binds the p85α subunit of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase and subsequently mediates signaling through RET/PTC in thyroid cancer cells. Knockdown of XB130 using small interfering RNA inhibited G1-S phase progression, induced spontaneous apoptosis and enhanced intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic stimulus-induced cell death in human lung and thyroid cancer cells. Growth of tumors in nude mice formed from XB130 short hairpin RNA stably transfected human thyroid cancer cells were significantly reduced, with decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Further, XB130 has a high affinity to lamellipodial F-actin meshwork and is involved in the motility and invasiveness of cancer cells. Gene expression profiling identified 246 genes significantly changed in XB130 short hairpin RNA transfected thyroid cancer cells. Among them, 57 genes are related to cell proliferation or survival, including many transcription regulators. Pathway analysis showed that the top ranked disease related to XB130 is Cancer, and the top molecular and cellular functions are Cellular Growth and Proliferation, and Cell Cycle. These observations suggest that the expression of XB130 may affect cell proliferation, survival, motility and invasion in various cancer cells. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may lead to the discovery of XB130 as an important mediator in tumor development and as a novel therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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Shiozaki A, Lodyga M, Bai XH, Nadesalingam J, Oyaizu T, Winer D, Asa SL, Keshavjee S, Liu M. XB130, a novel adaptor protein, promotes thyroid tumor growth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 178:391-401. [PMID: 21224076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adaptor proteins with multimodular structures can participate in the regulation of various cellular functions. We have cloned a novel adaptor protein, XB130, which binds the p85α subunit of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase and subsequently mediates signaling through RET/PTC in TPC-1 thyroid cancer cells. In the present study, we sought to determine the role of XB130 in the tumorigenesis in vivo and in related molecular mechanisms. In WRO thyroid cancer cells, knockdown of XB130 using small interfering RNA inhibited G(1)-S phase progression, induced spontaneous apoptosis, and enhanced intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic stimulus-induced cell death. Growth of tumors in nude mice formed from XB130 shRNA stably transfected WRO cells were significantly reduced, with decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Microarray analysis identified 246 genes significantly changed in XB130 shRNA transfected cells. Among them, 57 genes are related to cell proliferation or survival, including many transcription regulators. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that the top-ranked disease related to XB130 is cancer, and the top molecular and cellular functions are cellular growth and proliferation and cell cycle. A human thyroid tissue microarray study identified expression of XB130 in normal thyroid tissue as well as in human thyroid carcinomas. These observations suggest that the expression of XB130 in these cancer cells may affect cell proliferation and survival by controlling the expression of multiple genes, especially transcription regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Parris TZ, Danielsson A, Nemes S, Kovács A, Delle U, Fallenius G, Möllerström E, Karlsson P, Helou K. Clinical implications of gene dosage and gene expression patterns in diploid breast carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3860-74. [PMID: 20551037 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deregulation of key cellular pathways is fundamental for the survival and expansion of neoplastic cells. In cancer, regulation of gene transcription can be mediated in a variety of ways. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of gene dosage on gene expression patterns and the effect of other mechanisms on transcriptional levels, and to associate these genomic changes with clinicopathologic parameters. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We screened 97 invasive diploid breast tumors for DNA copy number alterations and changes in transcriptional levels using array comparative genomic hybridization and expression microarrays, respectively. RESULTS The integrative analysis identified an increase in the overall number of genetic alterations during tumor progression and 15 specific genomic regions with aberrant DNA copy numbers in at least 25% of the patient population, i.e., 1q22, 1q22-q23.1, 1q25.3, 1q32.1, 1q32.1-q32.2, 8q21.2-q21.3, 8q22.3, 8q24.3, and 16p11.2 were recurrently gained, whereas 11q25, 16q21, 16q23.3, and 17p12 were frequently lost (P < 0.01). An examination of the expression patterns of genes mapping within the detected genetic aberrations identified 47 unique genes and 1 Unigene cluster significantly correlated between the DNA and relative mRNA levels. In addition, more malignant tumors with normal gene dosage levels displayed a recurrent overexpression of UBE2C, S100A8, and CBX2, and downregulation of LOC389033, STC2, DNALI1, SCUBE2, NME5, SUSD3, SERPINA11, AZGP1, and PIP. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings suggest that the dysregulated genes identified here are critical for breast cancer initiation and progression, and could be used as novel therapeutic targets for drug development to complement classical clinicopathologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, and Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gula stråket 2, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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