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Katsaounis D, Harbour N, Williams T, Chaplain MA, Sfakianakis N. A Genuinely Hybrid, Multiscale 3D Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Modelling Framework. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:64. [PMID: 38664343 PMCID: PMC11045634 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
We introduce in this paper substantial enhancements to a previously proposed hybrid multiscale cancer invasion modelling framework to better reflect the biological reality and dynamics of cancer. These model updates contribute to a more accurate representation of cancer dynamics, they provide deeper insights and enhance our predictive capabilities. Key updates include the integration of porous medium-like diffusion for the evolution of Epithelial-like Cancer Cells and other essential cellular constituents of the system, more realistic modelling of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition models with the inclusion of Transforming Growth Factor beta within the tumour microenvironment, and the introduction of Compound Poisson Process in the Stochastic Differential Equations that describe the migration behaviour of the Mesenchymal-like Cancer Cells. Another innovative feature of the model is its extension into a multi-organ metastatic framework. This framework connects various organs through a circulatory network, enabling the study of how cancer cells spread to secondary sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Katsaounis
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Nicholas Harbour
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas Williams
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Aj Chaplain
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, UK
| | - Nikolaos Sfakianakis
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, UK
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2
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Fonseca P, Cui W, Struyf N, Tong L, Chaurasiya A, Casagrande F, Zhao H, Fernando D, Chen X, Tobin NP, Seashore-Ludlow B, Lundqvist A, Hartman J, Göndör A, Östling P, Holmgren L. A phenotypic screening approach to target p60AmotL2-expressing invasive cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:107. [PMID: 38594748 PMCID: PMC11003180 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells have the ability to invade and form small clusters that protrude into adjacent tissues, a phenomenon that is frequently observed at the periphery of a tumor as it expands into healthy tissues. The presence of these clusters is linked to poor prognosis and has proven challenging to treat using conventional therapies. We previously reported that p60AmotL2 expression is localized to invasive colon and breast cancer cells. In vitro, p60AmotL2 promotes epithelial cell invasion by negatively impacting E-cadherin/AmotL2-related mechanotransduction. METHODS Using epithelial cells transfected with inducible p60AmotL2, we employed a phenotypic drug screening approach to find compounds that specifically target invasive cells. The phenotypic screen was performed by treating cells for 72 h with a library of compounds with known antitumor activities in a dose-dependent manner. After assessing cell viability using CellTiter-Glo, drug sensitivity scores for each compound were calculated. Candidate hit compounds with a higher drug sensitivity score for p60AmotL2-expressing cells were then validated on lung and colon cell models, both in 2D and in 3D, and on colon cancer patient-derived organoids. Nascent RNA sequencing was performed after BET inhibition to analyse BET-dependent pathways in p60AmotL2-expressing cells. RESULTS We identified 60 compounds that selectively targeted p60AmotL2-expressing cells. Intriguingly, these compounds were classified into two major categories: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitors and Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif (BET) inhibitors. The latter consistently demonstrated antitumor activity in human cancer cell models, as well as in organoids derived from colon cancer patients. BET inhibition led to a shift towards the upregulation of pro-apoptotic pathways specifically in p60AmotL2-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS BET inhibitors specifically target p60AmotL2-expressing invasive cancer cells, likely by exploiting differences in chromatin accessibility, leading to cell death. Additionally, our findings support the use of this phenotypic strategy to discover novel compounds that can exploit vulnerabilities and specifically target invasive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fonseca
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weiyingqi Cui
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nona Struyf
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Le Tong
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayushi Chaurasiya
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felipe Casagrande
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Honglei Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dinura Fernando
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinsong Chen
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Tobin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anita Göndör
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Akershus Universitetssykehus, 1478, Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
| | - Päivi Östling
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, U2, Bioclinicum J6:20, Solnavägen 30, 171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cai G, Li X, Lin SS, Chen SJ, Rodgers NC, Koning KM, Bi D, Liu AP. Matrix confinement modulates 3D spheroid sorting and burst-like collective migration. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00126-0. [PMID: 38490482 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
While it is known that cells with differential adhesion tend to segregate and preferentially sort, the physical forces governing sorting and invasion in heterogeneous tumors remain poorly understood. To investigate this, we tune matrix confinement, mimicking changes in the stiffness and confinement of the tumor microenvironment, to explore how physical confinement influences individual and collective cell migration in 3D spheroids. High levels of confinement lead to cell sorting while reducing matrix confinement triggers the collective fluidization of cell motion. Cell sorting, which depends on cell-cell adhesion, is crucial to this phenomenon. Burst-like migration does not occur for spheroids that have not undergone sorting, regardless of the degree of matrix confinement. Using computational Self-Propelled Voronoi modeling, we show that spheroid sorting and invasion into the matrix depend on the balance between cell-generated forces and matrix resistance. The findings support a model where matrix confinement modulates 3D spheroid sorting and unjamming in an adhesion-dependent manner, providing insights into the mechanisms of cell sorting and migration in the primary tumor and toward distant metastatic sites. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment significantly influence cancer cell migration within the primary tumor, yet how these properties affect intercellular interactions in heterogeneous tumors is not well understood. By utilizing calcium and calcium chelators, we dynamically alter collagen-alginate hydrogel stiffness and investigate tumor cell behavior within co-culture spheroids in response to varying degrees of matrix confinement. High confinement is found to trigger cell sorting while reducing confinement for sorted spheroids facilitates collective cell invasion. Notably, without prior sorting, spheroids do not exhibit burst-like migration, regardless of confinement levels. This work establishes that matrix confinement and intercellular adhesion regulate 3D spheroid dynamics, offering insights into cellular organization and migration within the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Cai
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shan-Shan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Samuel J Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicole C Rodgers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine M Koning
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Allen P Liu
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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4
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Chen S, Zhang K, Zou J, Yu Z, Gai C, Chai X, Zhao Q, Zou Y. Further structural optimization and SAR study of sungsanpin derivatives as cell-invasion inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 99:129627. [PMID: 38272189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the major causes of death in patients with cancer, and cell invasion plays a fundamental part in this process. Because of the absence of efficacious treatments, caring for these patients is challenging. Recently, we optimized the structure of the naturally occurring lasso peptide sungsanpin. We identified two peptides, octapeptide S3 and cyclic peptide S4, which inhibited invasion into A549 cells effectively. We undertook an alanine scan of S3 to explore the structure-activity relationship. The linear octapeptide S3-4 and cyclic peptide S4-1 exhibited improved inhibition of invasion into A549 cells. We modified S3-4 to obtain S3-4K, which displayed much higher inhibitory activity against invasion into A549 cells than S3-4. Of all peptides tested, S4-1 upregulated significantly mRNA of tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase TIMP-1 and TIMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jihua Zou
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, PR China
| | - Zhou Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Conghao Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Yan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Saxena N, Chakraborty S, Dutta S, Bhardwaj G, Karnik N, Shetty O, Jadhav S, Zafar H, Sen S. Stiffness-dependent MSC homing and differentiation into CAFs - implications for breast cancer invasion. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261145. [PMID: 38108421 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity and extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening have been shown to be drivers of breast cancer invasiveness. Here, we examine how stiffness-dependent crosstalk between cancer cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within an evolving tumor microenvironment regulates cancer invasion. By analyzing previously published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, we establish the existence of a subpopulation of cells in primary tumors, secondary sites and circulatory tumor cell clusters of highly aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that co-express MSC and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) markers. By using hydrogels with stiffnesses of 0.5, 2 and 5 kPa to mimic different stages of ECM stiffening, we show that conditioned medium from MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells cultured on 2 kPa gels, which mimic the pre-metastatic stroma, drives efficient MSC chemotaxis and induces stable differentiation of MSC-derived CAFs in a TGFβ (TGFB1)- and contractility-dependent manner. In addition to enhancing cancer cell proliferation, MSC-derived CAFs on 2 kPa gels maximally boost local invasion and confer resistance to flow-induced shear stresses. Collectively, our results suggest that homing of MSCs at the pre-metastatic stage and their differentiation into CAFs actively drives breast cancer invasion and metastasis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Saxena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay,Mumbai 400076, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Soura Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sarbajeet Dutta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Garvit Bhardwaj
- Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Nupur Karnik
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Omshree Shetty
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Sameer Jadhav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay,Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Hamim Zafar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine , IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Shamik Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Li P, Ge H, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Li P, Luo J, Zhang W, Tian Z, Zhao X. Disrupting of IGF2BP3-stabilized HK2 mRNA by MYO16-AS1 competitively binding impairs LUAD migration and invasion. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04887-w. [PMID: 38041756 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Since invasive cancer is associated with poor clinical outcomes, exploring the molecular mechanism underlying LUAD progression is crucial to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced disease. Herein, we found that MYO16-AS1 is expressed mainly in lung tissue but is notably downregulated in LUAD tissues. Overexpression of MYO16-AS1 inhibited the migration and invasion of LUAD cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that H3K27Ac modification mediated MYO16-AS1 transcription. Furthermore, we found that MYO16-AS1 competitively bound to the IGF2BP3 protein and in turn reduced IGF2BP3 protein binding to HK2 mRNA, decreasing HK2 mRNA stability and inhibiting glucose metabolism reprogramming and LUAD cell invasion in vitro and in vivo. The finding that the MYO16-AS1/IGF2BP3-mediated glucose metabolism reprogramming mechanism regulates HK2 expression provides novel insight into the process of LUAD invasion and suggests that MYO16-AS1 may be a therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Li
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haibo Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangfeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjia Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Peichao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Junwen Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Chest Cancer, Key Laboratory of Thoracic Cancer in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Chest Cancer, Key Laboratory of Thoracic Cancer in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China.
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Micalet A, Tappouni LJ, Peszko K, Karagianni D, Lam A, Counsell JR, Quezada SA, Moeendarbary E, Cheema U. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) regulates invasion and matrix remodelling in colorectal cancer. Matrix Biol Plus 2023; 19-20:100137. [PMID: 38020586 PMCID: PMC10667746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells remodel their local physical environment through processes of matrix reorganisation, deposition, stiffening and degradation. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which is encoded by the PLAU gene, is an extracellular proteolytic enzyme known to be involved in cancer progression and tumour microenvironment (TME) remodelling. Perturbing uPA therefore has a strong potential as a mechano-based cancer therapy. This work is a bioengineering investigation to validate whether 1) uPA is involved in matrix degradation and 2) preventing matrix degradation by targeting uPA can reduce cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Methods To this aim, we used an engineered 3D in vitro model, termed the tumouroid, that appropriately mimics the tumour's native biophysical environment (3 kPa). A CRISPR-Cas9 mediated uPA knockout was performed to introduce a loss of function mutation in the gene coding sequence. Subsequently, to validate the translational potential of blocking uPA action, we tested a pharmacological inhibitor, UK-371,801. The changes in matrix stiffness were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Invasion was quantified using images of the tumouroid, obtained after 21 days of culture. Results We showed that uPA is highly expressed in invasive breast and colorectal cancers, and these invasive cancer cells locally degrade their TME. PLAU (uPA) gene knock-out (KO) completely stopped matrix remodelling and significantly reduced cancer invasion. Many invasive cancer gene markers were also downregulated in the PLAU KO tumouroids. Pharmacological inhibition of uPA showed similarly promising results, where matrix degradation was reduced and so was the cancer invasion. Conclusion This work supports the role of uPA in matrix degradation. It demonstrates that the invasion of cancer cells was significantly reduced when enzymatic breakdown of the TME matrix was prevented. Collectively, this provides strong evidence of the effectiveness of targeting uPA as a mechano-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auxtine Micalet
- UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Luke J. Tappouni
- UCL Centre for Targeted Cancer Therapies, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Peszko
- UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Despoina Karagianni
- Immune Regulation and Tumour Immunotherapy Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Lam
- UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Counsell
- UCL Centre for Targeted Cancer Therapies, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio A. Quezada
- Immune Regulation and Tumour Immunotherapy Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- 199 Biotechnologies Ltd., Gloucester Road, London W2 6LD, United Kingdom
| | - Umber Cheema
- UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, United Kingdom
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Hosseini V, Montazersaheb S, Hejazi N, Aslanabadi S, Mohammadinasr M, Hejazi MS. A snapshot of miRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Difference between cancer cells and corresponding normal cells. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154731. [PMID: 37573620 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes the most aggressive tumors of the oral cavity and is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Although recent clinical treatment strategies have improved the survival rate, the outcome of OSCC patients still remains dismal because of the lack of efficient diagnostic and treatment tools. As one of the main actors of OSCC scenario, microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in triggering, progression and metastasis through the regulation of various cancer-related signaling pathways. Identification followed by precise study of the biology and mechanism of action of miRNAs will greatly help to provide valuable insights regarding OSCC development and can be considered as an anti-OSCC target. In the current review, we have provided a focused summary of the latest published papers on the role of miRNAs in apoptosis, cell cycle, proliferation, EMT and metastasis of OSCC as well as the role of long noncoding RNAs in the modulation of miRNAs in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Hosseini
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Narges Hejazi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sina Aslanabadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mina Mohammadinasr
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Hua X, Zou R, Bai X, Yang Y, Lu J, Huang C. Differential functions of RhoGDIβ in malignant transformation and progression of urothelial cell following N-butyl-N-(4-hydmoxybutyl) nitrosamine exposure. BMC Biol 2023; 21:181. [PMID: 37635218 PMCID: PMC10463823 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional role of Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor beta (RhoGDIβ) in tumor biology appears to be contradictory across various studies. Thus, the exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential functions of this protein in urinary bladder carcinogenesis is highly significant in the field. Here, RhoGDIβ expression patterns, biological functions, and mechanisms leading to transformation and progression of human urothelial cells (UROtsa cells) were evaluated following varying lengths of exposure to the bladder carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydmoxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). RESULTS It was seen that compared to expression in vehicle-treated control cells, RhoGDIβ protein expression was downregulated after 2-month of BBN exposure, but upregulated after 6-month of exposure. Assessments of cell function showed that RhoGDIβ inhibited UROtsa cell growth in cells with BBN for 2-month exposure, whereas it promoted the invasion of cells treated with BBN for 6 months. Mechanistic studies revealed that 2-month of BBN exposure markedly attenuated DNMT3a abundance, and this led to reduced miR-219a promoter methylation, increased miR-219a binding to the RhoGDIβ mRNA 3'UTR, and reduced RhoGDIβ protein translation. While after 6-mo of BBN treatment, the cells showed increased PP2A/JNK/C-Jun axis phosphorylation and this in turn mediated overall RhoGDIβ mRNA transcription and protein expression as well as invasion. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that RhoGDIβ is likely to inhibit the transformation of human urothelial cells during the early phase of BBN exposure, whereas it promotes invasion of the transformed/progressed urothelial cells in the late stage of BBN exposure. The studies also suggest that RhoGDIβ may be a useful biomarker for evaluating the progression of human bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hua
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ronghao Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Bai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Githaka JM, Pirayeshfard L, Goping IS. Cancer invasion and metastasis: Insights from murine pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130375. [PMID: 37150225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer invasion and metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer related mortality. A better understanding of the players that drive the aberrant invasion and migration of tumors cells will provide critical targets to inhibit metastasis. Postnatal pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis is characterized by highly proliferative, invasive, and migratory normal epithelial cells. Identifying the molecular regulators of pubertal gland development is a promising strategy since tumorigenesis and metastasis is postulated to be a consequence of aberrant reactivation of developmental stages. In this review, we summarize the pubertal morphogenesis regulators that are involved in cancer metastasis and revisit pubertal mammary gland transcriptome profiling to uncover both known and unknown metastasis genes. Our updated list of pubertal morphogenesis regulators shows that most are implicated in invasion and metastasis. This review highlights molecular linkages between development and metastasis and provides a guide for exploring novel metastatic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maringa Githaka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Leila Pirayeshfard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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11
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Lu T, Li T, Wu MK, Zheng CC, He XM, Zhu HL, Li L, Man RJ. Molecular simulations required to target novel and potent inhibitors of cancer invasion. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1367-1377. [PMID: 37676052 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2254695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is a computational approach used to discover, develop, and analyze drugs and active molecules with similar biochemical properties. Molecular simulation technology has significantly accelerated drug research and reduced manufacturing costs. It is an optimized drug discovery method that greatly improves the efficiency of novel drug development processes. AREASCOVERED This review discusses the development of molecular simulations of effective cancer inhibitors and traces the main outcomes of in silico studies by introducing representative categories of six important anticancer targets. The authors provide views on this topic from the perspective of both medicinal chemistry and artificial intelligence, indicating the major challenges and predicting trends. EXPERT OPINION The goal of introducing CADD into cancer treatment is to realize a highly efficient, accurate, and desired approach with a high success rate for identifying potent drug candidates. However, the major challenge is the lack of a sophisticated data-filtering mechanism to verify bottom data from mixed-quality references. Consequently, despite the continuous development of algorithms, computer power, and interface optimization, specific data filtering mechanisms will become an urgent and crucial issue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Meng-Ke Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Chi-Chong Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Mei He
- Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, China
| | - Ruo-Jun Man
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
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12
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Gupta R, Kadhim MM, Turki Jalil A, Obayes AM, Aminov Z, Alsaikhan F, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Ramaiah P, Tayyib NA, Luo X. Multifaceted role of NF-κB in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: Molecular landscape, therapeutic compounds and nanomaterial approaches. Environ Res 2023; 228:115767. [PMID: 36966991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The predominant kind of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that its treatment have been troublesome difficulties for physicians due to aggressive behavior of tumor cells in proliferation and metastasis. Moreover, stemness of HCC cells can result in tumor recurrence and angiogenesis occurs. Another problem is development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in HCC cells. Genomic mutations participate in malignant behavior of HCC and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) has been one of the oncogenic factors in different human cancers that after nuclear translocation, it binds to promoter of genes in regulating their expression. Overexpression of NF-κB has been well-documented in increasing proliferation and invasion of tumor cells and notably, when its expression enhances, it induces chemoresistance and radio-resistance. Highlighting function of NF-κB in HCC can shed some light on the pathways regulating progression of tumor cells. The first aspect is proliferation acceleration and apoptosis inhibition in HCC cells mediated by enhancement in expression level of NF-κB. Moreover, NF-κB is able to enhance invasion of HCC cells via upregulation of MMPs and EMT, and it triggers angiogenesis as another step for increasing spread of tumor cells in tissues and organs. When NF-κB expression enhances, it stimulates chemoresistance and radio-resistance in HCC cells and by increasing stemness and population of cancer-stem cells, it can provide the way for recurrence of tumor. Overexpression of NF-κB mediates therapy resistance in HCC cells and it can be regulated by non-coding RNAs in HCC. Moreover, inhibition of NF-κB by anti-cancer and epigenetic drugs suppresses HCC tumorigenesis. More importantly, nanoparticles are considered for suppressing NF-κB axis in cancer and their prospectives and results can also be utilized for treatment of HCC. Nanomaterials are promising factors in treatment of HCC and by delivery of genes and drugs, they suppress HCC progression. Furthermore, nanomaterials provide phototherapy in HCC ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, District-Mathura, U. P., India
| | - Mustafa M Kadhim
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10022, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq.
| | | | - Zafar Aminov
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Makhtumkuli Str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia; Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Ecuador
| | | | - Nahla A Tayyib
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm al- Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuanming Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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13
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Katsaounis D, Chaplain MAJ, Sfakianakis N. Stochastic differential equation modelling of cancer cell migration and tissue invasion. J Math Biol 2023; 87:8. [PMID: 37318599 PMCID: PMC10271912 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Invasion of the surrounding tissue is a key aspect of cancer growth and spread involving a coordinated effort between cell migration and matrix degradation, and has been the subject of mathematical modelling for almost 30 years. In this current paper we address a long-standing question in the field of cancer cell migration modelling. Namely, identify the migratory pattern and spread of individual cancer cells, or small clusters of cancer cells, when the macroscopic evolution of the cancer cell colony is dictated by a specific partial differential equation (PDE). We show that the usual heuristic understanding of the diffusion and advection terms of the PDE being one-to-one responsible for the random and biased motion of the solitary cancer cells, respectively, is not precise. On the contrary, we show that the drift term of the correct stochastic differential equation scheme that dictates the individual cancer cell migration, should account also for the divergence of the diffusion of the PDE. We support our claims with a number of numerical experiments and computational simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Katsaounis
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS Scotland, UK
| | - Mark A. J. Chaplain
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS Scotland, UK
| | - Nikolaos Sfakianakis
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS Scotland, UK
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14
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Saleem HM, Ramaiah P, Gupta J, Jalil AT, Kadhim NA, Alsaikhan F, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Tayyib NA, Guo Q. Nanotechnology-empowered lung cancer therapy: From EMT role in cancer metastasis to application of nanoengineered structures for modulating growth and metastasis. Environ Res 2023:115942. [PMID: 37080268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in both males and females, and it is the first causes of cancer-related deaths. Chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy are conventional treatment of lung cancer and recently, immunotherapy has been also appeared as another therapeutic strategy for lung tumor. However, since previous treatments have not been successful in cancer therapy and improving prognosis and survival rate of lung tumor patients, new studies have focused on gene therapy and targeting underlying molecular pathways involved in lung cancer progression. Nanoparticles have been emerged in treatment of lung cancer that can mediate targeted delivery of drugs and genes. Nanoparticles protect drugs and genes against unexpected interactions in blood circulation and improve their circulation time. Nanoparticles can induce phototherapy in lung cancer ablation and mediating cell death. Nanoparticles can induce photothermal and photodynamic therapy in lung cancer. The nanostructures can impair metastasis of lung cancer and suppress EMT in improving drug sensitivity. Metastasis is one of the drawbacks observed in lung cancer that promotes migration of tumor cells and allows them to establish new colony in secondary site. EMT can occur in lung cancer and promotes tumor invasion. EMT is not certain to lung cancer and it can be observed in other human cancers, but since lung cancer has highest incidence rate, understanding EMT function in lung cancer is beneficial in improving prognosis of patients. EMT induction in lung cancer promotes tumor invasion and it can also lead to drug resistance and radio-resistance. Moreover, non-coding RNAs and pharmacological compounds can regulate EMT in lung cancer and EMT-TFs such as Twist and Slug are important modulators of lung cancer invasion that are discussed in current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Muwafaq Saleem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, AL-Anbar, Iraq.
| | | | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Pin Code 281406, UP, India
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq.
| | | | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia; Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Ecuador
| | - Nahla A Tayyib
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al- Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingdong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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15
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Weiss F, Atlasy N, van Reijmersdal V, Stunnenberg H, Hulsbergen-Veelken C, Friedl P. 3D spheroid culture to examine adaptive therapy response in invading tumor cells. In Vitro Model 2023; 1:463-471. [PMID: 37096022 PMCID: PMC10119213 DOI: 10.1007/s44164-022-00040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
3D in vitro culture models of cancer cells in extracellular matrix (ECM) have been developed to investigate drug targeting and resistance or, alternatively, mechanisms of invasion; however, models allowing analysis of shared pathways mediating invasion and therapy resistance are lacking. To evaluate therapy response associated with cancer cell invasion, we here used 3D invasion culture of tumor spheroids in 3D fibrillar collagen and applied Ethanol-Ethyl cinnamate (EtOH-ECi) based optical clearing to detect both spheroid core and invasion zone by subcellular-resolved 3D microscopy. When subjected to a single dose of irradiation (4 Gy), we detected significant cell survival in the invasion zone. By physical separation of the core and invasion zone, we identified differentially regulated genes preferentially engaged in invading cells controlling cell division, repair, and survival. This imaging-based 3D invasion culture may be useful for the analysis of complex therapy-response patterns in cancer cells in drug discovery and invasion-associated resistance development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44164-022-00040-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Weiss
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nader Atlasy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vince van Reijmersdal
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Hulsbergen-Veelken
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Cancer Genomics Centre, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Margadant C. Cell Migration in Three Dimensions. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:1-14. [PMID: 36653698 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration plays an essential role in many pathophysiological processes, including embryonic development, wound healing, immunity, and cancer invasion, and is therefore a widely studied phenomenon in many different fields from basic cell biology to regenerative medicine. During the past decades, a multitude of increasingly complex methods have been developed to study cell migration. Here we compile a series of current state-of-the-art methods and protocols to investigate cell migration in a variety of model systems ranging from cells, organoids, tissue explants, and microfluidic systems to Drosophila, zebrafish, and mice. Together they cover processes as diverse as nuclear deformation, energy consumption, endocytic trafficking, and matrix degradation, as well as tumor vascularization and cancer cell invasion, sprouting angiogenesis, and leukocyte extravasation. Furthermore, methods to study developmental processes such as neural tube closure, germ layer specification, and branching morphogenesis are included, as well as scripts for the automated analysis of several aspects of cell migration. Together, this book constitutes a unique collection of methods of prime importance to those interested in the analysis of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coert Margadant
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Zhang J, Reinhart-King CA. Analysis of Energy-Driven Leader-Follower Hierarchy During Collective Cancer Cell Invasion. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:247-262. [PMID: 36653712 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many solid tumors can invade the surrounding three-dimensional (3D) tissue in a collective manner, and increasing evidence suggests that collective migration makes cancer cell clusters more invasive and metastatic than individual cells. A cohesive cohort of cancer cells can have many advantages over individual cells, including more efficient bioenergetics that have been recently identified. Minimization of bioenergetic costs during collective cell migration drives leader-follower dynamics and contributes to enhanced cancer invasion. Hence, it is critical to understand the migratory and bioenergetic dynamics of cancer collective invasion. While analysis of structures and dynamics in a 3D space has been a challenging task, here we describe a widely applicable method to analyze the energy-driven leader-follower hierarchy during cancer collective invasion. An in vitro tumor spheroid model is employed to reproduce the in vivo collective behaviors of cancer cells while allowing high spatiotemporal resolution imaging, where the leader-follower dynamics can be analyzed by tracking nuclear positions. As glucose is one of the main energy sources that fuel cancer cell migration, the quantification of glucose uptake along the invading strands provides an estimate of the energy demand associated with collective invasion. Finally, we describe a method to quantify the dynamics of intracellular energy level using the PercevalHR ATP:ADP ratio biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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18
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Jeong BY, Cho KH, Jeong KJ, Cho SJ, Won M, Kim SH, Cho NH, Hur GM, Yoon SH, Park HW, Mills GB, Lee HY. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced amphiregulin secretion by cancer-associated fibroblasts augments cancer cell invasion. Cancer Lett 2022; 551:215946. [PMID: 36209972 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key structural components of the tumor microenvironment and are closely associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a biolipid produced extracellularly and involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. LPA has recently been implicated in the education and transdifferentiation of normal fibroblasts (NFs) into CAFs. However, little is known about the effects of LPA on CAFs and their participation in cancer cell invasion. In the present study, we identified a critical role of LPA-induced amphiregulin (AREG) secreted from CAFs in cancer invasiveness. CAFs secrete higher amounts of AREG than NFs, and LPA induces AREG expression in CAFs to augment their invasiveness. Strikingly, knocking out the AREG gene in CAFs attenuates cancer invasiveness and metastasis. Mechanistically, LPA induces Yes-associated protein (YAP) activation and Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1) expression through the LPAR1 and LPAR3/Gi/Rho signaling axes, leading to AREG expression. Furthermore, we provide evidence that metformin, a biguanide derivative, significantly inhibits LPA-induced AREG expression in CAFs to attenuate cancer cell invasiveness. Collectively, the present data show that LPA induces AREG expression through YAP and Zeb1 in CAFs to promote cancer cell invasiveness, with the process being inhibited by metformin, providing potential biomarkers and therapeutic avenues to interdict cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea; Division of Oncological Sciences Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- Division of Oncological Sciences Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Su Jin Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Won
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee Yoon
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35364, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Division of Oncological Sciences Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Hoi Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
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Gargalionis AN, Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG. Mechanobiology of solid tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166555. [PMID: 36150659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical features of cancer cells emerge as a distinct trait during development and progression of solid tumors. Herein, we discuss recent key findings regarding the impact of various types of mechanical stresses on cancer cell properties. Data suggest that different mechanical forces, alterations of matrix rigidity and tumor microenvironment facilitate cancer hallmarks, especially invasion and metastasis. Moreover, a subset of mechanosensory proteins are responsible for mediating mechanically induced oncogenic signaling and response to chemotherapy. Delineating cancer dynamics and decoding of respective signal transduction mechanisms will provide new therapeutic strategies against solid tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
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20
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Zhou J, Sun X, Zhang X, Yang H, Jiang Z, Luo Q, Liu Y, Wang G. miR-107 is involved in the regulation of NEDD9-mediated invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:533. [PMID: 35549691 PMCID: PMC9097419 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a metastasis-related protein, NEDD9 has been reported in breast cancer (BC) metastasis research. However, there are few studies on the upstream regulators of NEDD9, especially involving the potential role of miRNAs. The purpose of this study was to explain whether miR-107 potentially regulates NEDD9, which may lead to invasion and metastasis of BC. Methods MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were transduced with lentiviruses to construct stably transduced cells with miR-107 overexpression, miR-107 silencing or empty vectors. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the binding of miR-107 and NEDD9. The scratch test and Transwell assay were used to measure cell migration and invasion ability, respectively. For the study of metastasis in vivo, we injected MDA-MB-231 cells into the fat pad of nude mice to develop an orthotopic breast cancer model. Results We found that NEDD9 expression correlates with the prognosis of BC patients. In BC cell lines, NEDD9 was positively correlated with cell migration ability. Further research revealed that miR-107 inhibited NEDD9 expression by targeting the 3′-untranslated region of NEDD9. Overexpression of miR-107 suppressed the expression of NEDD9, thereby inhibiting the invasion, migration and proliferation of BC cells, but interference with miR-107 promoted the expression of NEDD9 as well as invasion, migration and proliferation. In an in vivo model, overexpression of miR-107 decreased the expression of NEDD9 and inhibited tumour growth, invasion and metastasis; however, these effects were reversed by inhibiting miR-107. Conclusions These findings indicated the potential role of miR-107 in regulating NEDD9 in the invasion, migration and proliferation of BC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09603-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianglin Sun
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhenglin Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Alvarez-Elizondo MB, Weihs D. Breast cancer stem cells: mechanobiology reveals highly invasive cancer cell subpopulations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:134. [PMID: 35171381 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a typically small subpopulation of highly tumorigenic cells that can self-renew, differentiate, drive tumor progression, and may mediate drug resistance and metastasis. Metastasis driving CSCs are expected to be highly invasive. To determine the relative invasiveness of CSCs, we isolate distinct subpopulations in the metastatic, MDA-MB-231 breast-cancer cell line, identified by the stem-cell markers aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD44. We determine CSC-subpopulation invasiveness levels using our rapid (2 h) mechanobiology-based assay. Specifically, invasive cells forcefully push and indent the surface of physiological-stiffness synthetic gels to cell-scale depths, where the percentage of indenting cells and their attained depths have previously provided clinically relevant predictions of the metastatic risk in different cancer types. We observe that the small (3.2%) CD44+ALDH+ cell-subpopulation indents more and attains significantly deeper depths (65% indenting to 6 ± 0.3 µm) relative to CD44+ALDH-, CD44-ALDH-, CD44-ALDH+ cells, and the whole-sample control (with 18-44% indenting cells reaching average depths of 4.4-5 µm). The CD44+ALDH+ similarly demonstrates twofold higher migratory capacity in Boyden chambers. The higher invasiveness of CD44+ALDH+ cells reveals their likely role in facilitating disease progression, providing prognostic markers for increased risk of recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daphne Weihs
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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22
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Zheng X, Chang F, Rong Y, Tuszynski GP. G-protein coupled receptor-associated sorting protein 1 (GASP-1), a ubiquitous tumor marker, promotes proliferation and invasion of triple negative breast cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 125:104751. [PMID: 35122807 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have identified the novel protein GASP-1 (G protein coupled receptor-associated sorting protein 1) that appears to be a universal cancer marker and the expression of which in tumor tissue and patient sera is predictive of cancer severity (Tuszynski et al. 2011; Zheng et al. 2012; Zheng 2013; Chang and Tuszynski, 2020). In preliminary results we discovered that a GASP-1 antibody inhibited the growth of the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and transient reduction of GASP-1 in these cells decreased their proliferation. To further substantiate these results, we over and under-expressed GASP-1 in stable clones of MDA-MB-231 cells and evaluated their growth and invasive activities. Cells under-expressing GASP-1 failed to grow after 4 days in culture and eventually died. In contrast GASP-1 expressing cells grew exponentially. Similarly, GASP-1 under-expressing cells formed 30% fewer colonies in soft agar as compared to controls and whereas GASP-1 over-expressing cells formed 2-fold more colonies than controls. In tumor cell invasion assays GASP-1 over-expressing cells were over 10-fold more invasive than controls whereas GASP-1 under-expressing cells were over 10-fold less invasive than controls. In IHC staining studies of breast cancer cells, we found that the overexpressed GASP-1 appear in granules of different sizes that are directly correlated with cancer invasiveness. Our results strongly indicate that GASP-1 promotes proliferation and invasion of the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and targeting GASP-1 for treatment of breast cancer is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Frank Chang
- Department of Biology, Temple University College of Science and Technology, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Rong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - George P Tuszynski
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, PA, USA.
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23
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Fakhari S, Jalili A, Nikkhoo B, Ghaderi B, Boshagh MA, Mirzaie S, Moradzad M. MT2-MMP is differentially expressed in multiple myeloma cells and mediates their growth and progression. Cell Signal 2022; 92:110248. [PMID: 35041985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Membrane type-matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are known as key regulators of cancer progression/metastasis. However, their roles in the growth and progression of multiple myeloma (MM) have not been yet elucidated. METHODS AND MATERIALS The expression of 6 MT-MMPs in MM, B cell lines, and normal peripheral blood (PB) cells were measured by RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. B lymphocytes, CD19-/CD138-, and CD19-/CD138+ cells, known as malignant plasma cells (MPC), were sorted from bone marrow (BM) aspirations of 10 MM patients, and MT2-MMP expression was examined in these cells using qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Moreover, the expression of MT2-MMP in BM biopsies from 13 normal individuals and 14 MM patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. MT2-MMP was also knocked down in U266 cells using siRNA technology and the adhesion, invasion, migration abilities, and cell proliferation were determined and compared with scrambled ones in both in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Our results showed that MT2-MMP expression is significantly higher in MM cell lines and MPC cells than B cell lines and other PB- or BM-derived cells. MT2-MMP is expressed in BM biopsies from all 14 patients with MM, and 67.85% ± 32.38 of BM cells were positive for MT2-MMP. In contrast, only 0.38 ± 0.76 of BM biopsies from normal individuals were positive for MT2-MMP. Importantly, MT2-MMP was expressed in all the patients' BM biopsies at the diagnosis, but not in the remission phase. MT2-MMP siRNA significantly decreased adhesion, invasion, migration, and 3D cell proliferation of U266 cells. Moreover, in the xenographic model, MT2-MMP siRNA prevented the growth and development of plasmacytoma. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MT2-MMP is strongly expressed in MM cells and plays important role in the growth and progression of these cells, suggesting that MT2-MMP is an appropriate biomarker in diagnosis and therapeutic interventions of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Fakhari
- Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Jalili
- Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Bahram Nikkhoo
- Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bayazid Ghaderi
- Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Boshagh
- Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sako Mirzaie
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moradzad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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24
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Wilms C, Lepka K, Häberlein F, Edwards S, Felsberg J, Pudelko L, Lindenberg TT, Poschmann G, Qin N, Volbracht K, Prozorovski T, Meuth SG, Kahlert UD, Remke M, Aktas O, Reifenberger G, Bräutigam L, Odermatt B, Berndt C. Glutaredoxin 2 promotes SP-1-dependent CSPG4 transcription and migration of wound healing NG2 glia and glioma cells: Enzymatic Taoism. Redox Biol 2021; 49:102221. [PMID: 34952462 PMCID: PMC8715126 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox regulation of specific cysteines via oxidoreductases of the thioredoxin family is increasingly being recognized as an important signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate that the cytosolic isoform of the vertebrate-specific oxidoreductase Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2c) regulates the redox state of the transcription factor SP-1 and thereby its binding affinity to both the promoter and an enhancer region of the CSPG4 gene encoding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2). This leads to an increased number of NG2 glia during in vitro oligodendroglial differentiation and promotes migration of these wound healing cells. On the other hand, we found that the same mechanism also leads to increased invasion of glioma tumor cells. Using in vitro (human cell lines), ex vivo (mouse primary cells), and in vivo models (zebrafish), as well as glioblastoma patient tissue samples we provide experimental data highlighting the Yin and Yang of redox signaling in the central nervous system and the enzymatic Taoism of Grx2c. CSPG4 promoter binding of the transcription factor SP-1 depends on glutaredoxin 2 Cytosolic glutaredoxin 2 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation into NG2 glia Migration and wound healing capacity of NG2 glia is increased by glutaredoxin 2 Glutaredoxin 2 increases invasion of human glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wilms
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaudia Lepka
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Häberlein
- Institute for Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Felsberg
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Linda Pudelko
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, HeinrichHeineUniversity Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nan Qin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Volbracht
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Prozorovski
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf D Kahlert
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Clinic for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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25
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Patwardhan S, Mahadik P, Shetty O, Sen S. ECM stiffness-tuned exosomes drive breast cancer motility through thrombospondin-1. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121185. [PMID: 34808560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer progression features ECM stiffening due to excess deposition and crosslinking of collagen, which dramatically influence tumor behaviour and fate. The mechanisms by which extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening drives breast cancer invasion is an area of active research. Here we demonstrate the role of exosomes in ECM stiffness triggered breast cancer invasiveness. Using stiffness tuneable hydrogel ECM scaffolds, we show that stiff ECMs promote exosome secretion in a YAP/TAZ pathway-dependent manner. Interestingly, blocking exosome synthesis and secretion by GW4869 abrogated stiffness regulated motility and contractility in breast cancer cells. Reciprocally, exogenous addition of ECM stiffness-tuned exosomes orchestrated a series of changes in cell morphology, adhesion, protrusion dynamics resulting in fostered cell motility and invasion. Proteomic analysis of exosomal lysates followed by overrepresentation analysis and interactome studies revealed enrichment of cell adhesion and cell migration proteins in exosomes from stiff ECM cultures compared to that of soft ones. Quantitative proteomics of exosomes combined with genomic analysis of human breast tumor tissues (TCGA database) identified thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) as a prospective regulator of stiffness-dependent cancer invasion. Knockdown studies confirmed that the pro-invasive effects of stiffness-tuned exosomes are fuelled by exosomal THBS1. We further demonstrated that exosomal THBS1 mediates these stiffness-induced effects by engaging matrix metalloproteinase and focal adhesion kinase. Our studies establish the pivotal role of exosomal communication in ECM stiffness dependent cell migration with exosomal THBS1 as a master regulator of cancer invasion, which can be further exploited as a potential theranostic for improved breast cancer management.
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26
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Barai A, Mukherjee A, Das A, Saxena N, Sen S. α-actinin-4 drives invasiveness by regulating myosin IIB expression and myosin IIA localization. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272699. [PMID: 34730180 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the mechanoresponsive actin crosslinking protein α-actinin-4 (ACTN4) regulates cell motility and invasiveness remains incompletely understood. Here we show that in addition to regulating protrusion dynamics and focal adhesion formation, ACTN4 transcriptionally regulates expression of non-muscle myosin IIB (NMM IIB), which is essential for mediating nuclear translocation during 3D invasion. We further show that an indirect association between ACTN4 and NMM IIA mediated by a functional F-actin cytoskeleton is essential for retention of NMM IIA at the cell periphery and modulation of focal adhesion dynamics. A protrusion-dependent model of confined migration recapitulating experimental observations predicts a dependence of protrusion forces on the degree of confinement and on the ratio of nucleus to matrix stiffness. Together, our results suggest that ACTN4 is a master regulator of cancer invasion that regulates invasiveness by controlling NMM IIB expression and NMM IIA localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Barai
- Dept. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhishek Mukherjee
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Mumbai, India.,Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Alakesh Das
- Dept. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Dept. of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Neha Saxena
- Dept. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shamik Sen
- Dept. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
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27
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Lucanus AJ, Thike AA, Tan XF, Lee KW, Guo S, King VPC, Yap VB, Bay BH, Tan PH, Yip GW. KIF21A regulates breast cancer aggressiveness and is prognostic of patient survival and tumor recurrence. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 191:63-75. [PMID: 34698969 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Invasion of carcinoma cells into surrounding tissue affects breast cancer staging, influences choice of treatment, and impacts on patient outcome. KIF21A is a member of the kinesin superfamily that has been well-studied in congenital extraocular muscle fibrosis. However, its biological relevance in breast cancer is unknown. This study investigated the functional roles of KIF21A in this malignancy and examined its expression pattern in breast cancer tissue. METHODS The function of KIF21A in breast carcinoma was studied in vitro by silencing its expression in breast cancer cells and examining the changes in cellular activities. Immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer tissue microarrays was performed to determine the expression patterns of KIF21A. RESULTS Knocking down the expression of KIF21A using siRNA in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 human breast cancer cells resulted in significant decreases in tumor cell migration and invasiveness. This was associated with reduced Patched 1 expression and F-actin microfilaments. Additionally, the number of focal adhesion kinase- and paxillin-associated focal adhesions was increased. Immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer tissue microarrays showed that KIF21A was expressed in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of carcinoma cells. Predominance of cytoplasmic KIF21A was significantly associated with larger tumors and high grade cancer, and prognostic of cause-specific overall patient survival and breast cancer recurrence. CONCLUSION The data demonstrates that KIF21A is an important regulator of breast cancer aggressiveness and may be useful in refining prognostication of this malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J Lucanus
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore.,School of Anatomy, Human Biology and Physiology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Aye Aye Thike
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Xing Fei Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Kee Wah Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Shiyuan Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Victoria P C King
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Von Bing Yap
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - George W Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore.
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28
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Wiener GI, Kadosh D, Weihs D. Mechanical interactions of invasive cancer cells through their substrate evolve from additive to synergistic. J Biomech 2021; 129:110759. [PMID: 34601215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-contacting, adjacent cancer cells can mechanically interact through their substrate to increase their invasive and migratory capacities that underly metastases-formation. Such mechanical interactions may induce additive or synergistic enhancement of invasiveness, potentially indicating different underlying force-mechanisms. To identify cell-cell-gel interactions, we monitor the time-evolution of three-dimensional traction strains induced by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells adhering on physiological-stiffness (1.8 kPa) collagen gels and compare to simulations. Single metastatic cells apply strain energies of 0.2-2 pJ (average 0.51 ± 0.06 pJ) at all observation times (30-174 min) inducing a mechanical volume-of-effect in the collagen gel that is initially (<60 min from seeding) on the cell-volume scale (∼3000 µm3) and on average increases with time from cell seeding. When cells adhere closely adjacent, at short times (<60 min) we distinguish the additive contributions of neighboring cells to the strains, while at longer times strain fields are synergistically amplified and may facilitate increased cooperative/collective cancer-cell-invasiveness. The results of well-spaced and closely adjacent cells at short times match our simulations of additive deformations induced by radially applied strains with experimentally based inverse-distance decay. We thus reveal a time-dependent evolution from additive to synergistic interactions of adjacently adhering cells that may facilitate metastatic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy I Wiener
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Dana Kadosh
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel(1)
| | - Daphne Weihs
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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29
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Kortam S, Merkher Y, Kramer A, Metanes I, Ad-El D, Krausz J, Har-Shai Y, Weihs D. Rapid, quantitative prediction of tumor invasiveness in non-melanoma skin cancers using mechanobiology-based assay. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1767-1774. [PMID: 34120276 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers, including basal and squamous cell carcinomas (BCC and SCC), are the most common malignancies worldwide. BCC/SCC cancers are generally highly localized and can be surgically excised; however, invasive tumors may be fatal. Current diagnosis of skin cancer and prognosis of potential invasiveness are based mainly on clinical-pathological factors of the biopsied lesions. SCC invasiveness is also predicted by histomorphological factors, such as the degree of differentiation or the mitotic index, while BCCs are typically considered non-invasive. The above subjective measures do not provide direct, objective prognosis of cellular invasiveness in each specific sample. Hence, we have developed a mechanobiology-based approach to rapidly determine sample invasiveness. Here, cells from 15 fresh tissue samples of suspected non-melanoma skin cancer were seeded on physiological-stiffness (2.4 kPa) synthetic gels, and within 1-h invasive cell subsets were observed to push/indent the gel surface; clinicopathological results were separately obtained using standard protocols. The percentage of indenting cells from invasive (26.2 ± 2.4%) and non-invasive (4.8 ± 0.5%) SCC samples differed significantly (p < 0.0001), with well-separated invasiveness cutoffs of, respectively, > 12% and < 5%. The mechanical invasiveness directly agrees with the SCC cell-differentiation state, where over 3.3-fold more (p < 0.0001) cells from moderately differentiated samples indent the gels as compared to well-differentiated cell samples. In BCCs, < 20% of cells typically indented, and a highly migratory, desmoplastic sample was identified with 46%. By providing rapid, quantitative, early prognosis of invasiveness and potential metastatic risk, our rapid technology may facilitate informed (bed-side) decision making and choice of disease-management protocols on the time-scale of the initial diagnosis and surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Kortam
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yulia Merkher
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aviv Kramer
- The Unit of Plastic Surgery, The Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine,, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Issa Metanes
- The Unit of Plastic Surgery, The Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine,, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dean Ad-El
- The Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery & Burns, Petach Tikva and the Faculty of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Judit Krausz
- The Department of Pathology, Ha-Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Yaron Har-Shai
- The Unit of Plastic Surgery, The Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine,, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daphne Weihs
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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Mohammadi E, Tabatabaei M, Habibi-Anbouhi M, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M. Chemical inhibitor anticancer drugs regulate mechanical properties and cytoskeletal structure of non-invasive and invasive breast cancer cell lines: Study of effects of Letrozole, Exemestane, and Everolimus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 565:14-20. [PMID: 34087508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of their target and mechanism, anticancer drugs directly influence biological behavior of cancer cells by activating chemical signaling pathways. Due to the complex interaction between diverse signaling pathways, these drugs may profoundly impact the physical characteristics of cancer cells and regulate their mechanical properties. In this study, the effects of two Aromatase Inhibitor (Letrozole and Exemestane), and one mTOR Inhibitor (Everolimus) on cell mechanical properties, actin content/distribution, and nuclear areas of two invasive and non-invasive breast cancer cell line after 24 h treatment with concentrations previously reported were investigated. While metabolic activity of cell lines was highly affected by drug treatment, significant alterations in Young's modulus of cell bodies, nuclear areas, and actin content and distribution were reported with higher impact on invasive cells. It was concluded that regulation of mechanical behavior of cells by all three drugs emphasizes the cross talk between chemical and physical signaling cascades, and describes a correlation between biological and physical behaviors of cancer cells which might give an insight to a better understanding of mechanisms by which anti-cancer drugs function to enhance their performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mohammadi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Franssen LC, Sfakianakis N, Chaplain MAJ. A novel 3D atomistic-continuum cancer invasion model: In silico simulations of an in vitro organotypic invasion assay. J Theor Biol 2021; 522:110677. [PMID: 33781776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We develop a three-dimensional genuinely hybrid atomistic-continuum model that describes the invasive growth dynamics of individual cancer cells in tissue. The framework explicitly accounts for phenotypic variation by distinguishing between cancer cells of an epithelial-like and a mesenchymal-like phenotype. It also describes mutations between these cell phenotypes in the form of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). The proposed model consists of a hybrid system of partial and stochastic differential equations that describe the evolution of epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like cancer cells, respectively, under the consideration of matrix-degrading enzyme concentrations and the extracellular matrix density. With the help of inverse parameter estimation and a sensitivity analysis, this three-dimensional model is then calibrated to an in vitro organotypic invasion assay experiment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea C Franssen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK; Roche, pRED, Translational Modeling & Simulation, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Mark A J Chaplain
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK.
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Suveges S, Eftimie R, Trucu D. Directionality of Macrophages Movement in Tumour Invasion: A Multiscale Moving-Boundary Approach. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:148. [PMID: 33211193 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Invasion of the surrounding tissue is one of the recognised hallmarks of cancer (Hanahan and Weinberg in Cell 100: 57–70, 2000. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9), which is accomplished through a complex heterotypic multiscale dynamics involving tissue-scale random and directed movement of the population of both cancer cells and other accompanying cells (including here, the family of tumour-associated macrophages) as well as the emerging cell-scale activity of both the matrix-degrading enzymes and the rearrangement of the cell-scale constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM) fibres. The involved processes include not only the presence of cell proliferation and cell adhesion (to other cells and to the extracellular matrix), but also the secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes. This is as a result of cancer cells as well as macrophages, which are one of the most abundant types of immune cells in the tumour micro-environment. In large tumours, these tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) have a tumour-promoting phenotype, contributing to tumour proliferation and spread. In this paper, we extend a previous multiscale moving-boundary mathematical model for cancer invasion, by considering also the multiscale effects of TAMs, with special focus on the influence that their directional movement exerts on the overall tumour progression. Numerical investigation of this new model shows the importance of the interactions between pro-tumour TAMs and the fibrous ECM, highlighting the impact of the fibres on the spatial structure of solid tumour.
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Alvarez-Elizondo MB, Merkher Y, Shleifer G, Gashri C, Weihs D. Actin as a Target to Reduce Cell Invasiveness in Initial Stages of Metastasis. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:1342-52. [PMID: 33145677 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the relative roles of the cell cytoskeleton, and specific importance of actin in facilitating mechanical aspects of metastatic invasion. A crucial step in metastasis, the typically lethal spread of cancer to distant body-sites, is cell invasion through dense tissues composed of extracellular matrix and various non-cancerous cells. Cell invasion requires cell-cytoskeleton remodeling to facilitate dynamic morphological changes and force application. We have previously shown invasive cell subsets in heterogeneous samples can rapidly (2 h) and forcefully indent non-degradable, impenetrable, synthetic gels to cell-scale depths. The amounts of indenting cells and their attained depths provide the mechanical invasiveness of the sample, which as we have shown agrees with the in vitro metastatic potential and the in vivo metastatic risk in humans. To identify invasive force-application mechanisms, we evaluated changes in mechanical invasiveness following chemical perturbations targeting the structure and function of cytoskeleton elements and associated proteins. We evaluate effects on short-term (2-hr) indentations of single, well-spaced or closely situated cells as compared to long-time-scale Boyden chamber migration. We show that actomyosin inhibition may be used to reduce (mechanical) invasiveness of single or collectively invading cells, while actin-disruption may induce escape-response of treated single-cells, which may promote metastasis.
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Xu H, Dun S, Gao Y, Ming J, Hui L, Qiu X. TMEM107 inhibits EMT and invasion of NSCLC through regulating the Hedgehog pathway. Thorac Cancer 2020; 12:79-89. [PMID: 33124203 PMCID: PMC7779196 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane protein 107 (TMEM107) is a key regulator of the cilium composition and Hedgehog signaling. Lower TMEM107 gene copies are correlated with poor prognosis in non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, TMEM107 protein expression, localization, and function in NSCLC remain unclear. Methods We first evaluated TMEM107 expression in 12 newly diagnosed cases of NSCLC and paired adjacent healthy tissues by western blotting. We then used an immunohistochemical method to detect TMEM107 expression in 106 paraffin‐embedded NSCLC and corresponding normal samples and analyzed its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Moreover, we determined the impact of TMEM107 upregulation and downregulation on invasion, EMT and Hedgehog pathway in NSCLC cells. Results Our results showed that TMEM107 is localized in the cytoplasm and that its expression was lower in NSCLC. TMEM107 expression was positively correlated with cell differentiation and negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis. In A549 and HCC460 cells, downregulation of TMEM107 facilitated cell invasion and upregulated the expression of the Hedgehog pathway target protein Gli1, invasion‐associated proteins N‐cadherin, vimentin, MMP2, and MMP9, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inhibited the expression of E‐cadherin. Treatment with the Hedgehog pathway inhibitor GANT61 attenuated TMEM107‐knockdown–induced EMT and invasiveness. Conclusions These results indicate that TMEM107 inhibits EMT and invasion by negatively regulating Hedgehog signaling and that it is downregulated in NSCLC. Key points TMEM107 expression is lower in NSCLC tissues and correlates with poor prognosis TMEM107 inhibits invasion of NSCLC cells TMEM107 inhibits EMT of NSCLC cells Downregulation of TMEM107 activates the Hedgehog signaling pathway Downregulation of TMEM107 promotes EMT and migration in NSCLC by activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Xu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Dun
- Health Team of PLA 96853, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Ming
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Linping Hui
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Shuttleworth R, Trucu D. Cell-Scale Degradation of Peritumoural Extracellular Matrix Fibre Network and Its Role Within Tissue-Scale Cancer Invasion. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:65. [PMID: 32458057 PMCID: PMC7250813 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Local cancer invasion of tissue is a complex, multiscale process which plays an essential role in tumour progression. During the complex interaction between cancer cell population and the extracellular matrix (ECM), of key importance is the role played by both bulk two-scale dynamics of ECM fibres within collective movement of the tumour cells and the multiscale leading edge dynamics driven by proteolytic activity of the matrix-degrading enzymes (MDEs) that are secreted by the cancer cells. As these two multiscale subsystems share and contribute to the same tumour macro-dynamics, in this work we develop further the model introduced in Shuttleworth and Trucu (Bull Math Biol 81:2176–2219, 2019. 10.1007/s11538-019-00598-w) by exploring a new aspect of their interaction that occurs at the cell scale. Specifically, here we will focus on understanding the cell-scale cross talk between the micro-scale parts of these two multiscale subsystems which get to interact directly in the peritumoural region, with immediate consequences both for MDE micro-dynamics occurring at the leading edge of the tumour and for the cell-scale rearrangement of the naturally oriented ECM fibres in the peritumoural region, ultimately influencing the way tumour progresses in the surrounding tissue. To that end, we will propose a new modelling that captures the ECM fibres degradation not only at macro-scale in the bulk of the tumour but also explicitly in the micro-scale neighbourhood of the tumour interface as a consequence of the interactions with molecular fluxes of MDEs that exercise their spatial dynamics at the invasive edge of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Shuttleworth
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland, UK
| | - Dumitru Trucu
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland, UK
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Zhou Z, Zhou Q, Wu X, Xu S, Hu X, Tao X, Li B, Peng J, Li D, Shen L, Cao Y, Yang L. VCAM-1 secreted from cancer-associated fibroblasts enhances the growth and invasion of lung cancer cells through AKT and MAPK signaling. Cancer Lett 2020; 473:62-73. [PMID: 31904479 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) could promote cancer progression in many malignancies. However, the mechanism by which CAFs promote the growth and metastasis of lung cancer remains poorly defined. In the present study, CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were isolated from human lung cancer and adjacent tissue. The data showed that the conditional medium (CM) of CAFs could increase the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) showed a higher expression in CAF-CM than NF-CM, and blocking VCAM-1 in CAF-CM attenuated the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. Further, the results showed that VCAM-1 secreted from CAFs activated AKT and MAPK signaling via receptor α4β1 integrin (very-late antigen (VLA)-4) in lung cancer cells. Moreover, CAFs promoted VCAM-1 expression and tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis indicated a positive correlation on the CAF marker protein alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and VCAM-1 expression, which was associated with a poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. These findings demonstrate that the VCAM-1 secreted from CAFs enhances growth and invasion by activating the AKT and MAPK signaling of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 40078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 40078, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 40078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - San Xu
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 40078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xuxiu Tao
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 40078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jinwu Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 40078, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 40078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 40078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Eslami Amirabadi H, Tuerlings M, Hollestelle A, SahebAli S, Luttge R, van Donkelaar CC, Martens JWM, den Toonder JMJ. Characterizing the invasion of different breast cancer cell lines with distinct E-cadherin status in 3D using a microfluidic system. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:101. [PMID: 31760501 PMCID: PMC6875428 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion protein that plays a prominent role in cancer invasion. Inactivation of E-cadherin in breast cancer can arise from gene promoter hypermethylation or genetic mutation. Depending on their E-cadherin status, breast cancer cells adopt different morphologies with distinct invasion modes. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can also affect the cell morphology and invasion mode. In this paper, we used a previously developed microfluidic system to quantify the three-dimensional invasion of breast cancer cells with different E-cadherin status, namely MCF-7, CAMA-1 and MDA-MB-231 with wild type, mutated and promoter hypermethylated E-cadherin, respectively. The cells migrated into a stable and reproducible microfibrous polycaprolactone mesh in the chip under a programmed stable chemotactic gradient. We observed that the MDA-MB-231 cells invaded the most, as single cells. MCF-7 cells collectively invaded into the matrix more than CAMA-1 cells, maintaining their E-cadherin expression. The CAMA-1 cells exhibited multicellular multifocal infiltration into the matrix. These results are consistent with what is seen in vivo in the cancer biology literature. In addition, comparison between complete serum and serum gradient conditions showed that the MDA-MB-231 cells invaded more under the serum gradient after one day, however this behavior was inverted after 3 days. The results showcase that the microfluidic system can be used to quantitatively assess the invasion behavior of cancer cells with different E-cadherin expression, for a longer period than conventional invasion models. In the future, it can be used to quantitatively investigate effects of matrix structure and cell treatments on cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eslami Amirabadi
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Healthy living division, TNO, Zeist, the Netherlands
- Institute for Pharmeceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Tuerlings
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - A Hollestelle
- Department of Medical oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S SahebAli
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - R Luttge
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - C C van Donkelaar
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - J W M Martens
- Department of Medical oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J M J den Toonder
- Microsystems group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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He Y, Xiong L, Gao X, Hai M, Liu Y, Wang G, Chen G, Shuai J, Jiao Y, Zhang X, Liu R, Liu L. Morphological quantification of proliferation-to-invasion transition in tumor spheroids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129460. [PMID: 31672655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis determines the lethality of cancer. In most clinical cases, patients are able to live with tumor proliferation before metastasis. Thus, the transition from tumor proliferation to metastasis/invasion is essential. However, the mechanism is still unclear and especially, the proliferation-to-metastasis/invasion transition point has not been well defined. Therefore, quantitative characterization of this transition is urgently needed. METHODS We have successfully developed a home-built living-cell incubation system combined with an inverted optical microscope, and a systematic, quantitative approach to describing the major characteristic morphological parameters for the identification of the critical transition points for tumor-cell spheroids in a collagen fiber scaffold. RESULTS The system focuses on in vitro tumor modeling, e.g. the development of tumor-cell spheroids in a collagen fiber scaffold and the monitoring of cell transition from proliferation to invasion. By applying this approach to multiple tumor spheroid models, such as U87 (glioma tumor), H1299 (lung cancer), and MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) cells, we have obtained quantitative morphological references to evaluate the proliferation-to-invasion transition time, as well as differentiating the invasion potential of tumor cells upon environmental changes, i.e. drug application. CONCLUSIONS Our quantitative approach provides a feasible clarification for the proliferation-to-invasion transition of in vitro tumor models (spheroids). Moreover, the transition time is a useful reference for the invasive potential of tumor cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This quantitative approach is potentially applicable to primary tumor cells, and thus has potential applications in the fields of cancer metastasis investigations and clinical diagnostics.
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Shuttleworth R, Trucu D. Multiscale dynamics of a heterotypic cancer cell population within a fibrous extracellular matrix. J Theor Biol 2019; 486:110040. [PMID: 31604075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Local cancer cell invasion is a complex process involving many cellular and tissue interactions and is an important prerequisite for metastatic spread, the main cause of cancer related deaths. As a tumour increases in malignancy, the cancer cells adopt the ability to mutate into secondary cell subpopulations giving rise to a heterogeneous tumour. This new cell subpopulation often carries higher invasive abilities and permits a quicker spread of the tumour. Building upon the recent multiscale modelling framework for cancer invasion within a fibrous ECM introduced in Shuttleworth and Trucu, (2019), in this paper we consider the process of local invasion by a heterotypic tumour consisting of two cancer cell populations mixed with a two-phase ECM. To that end, we address the double feedback link between the tissue-scale cancer dynamics and the cell-scale molecular processes through the development of a two-part modelling framework that crucially incorporates the multiscale dynamic redistribution of oriented fibres occurring within a two-phase extra-cellular matrix and combines this with the multiscale leading edge dynamics exploring key matrix-degrading enzymes molecular processes along the tumour interface that drive the movement of the cancer boundary. The modelling framework will be accompanied by computational results that explore the effects of the underlying fibre network on the overall pattern of cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dumitru Trucu
- University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 4HN, United Kingdom.
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40
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Shen CN, Goh KS, Huang CR, Chiang TC, Lee CY, Jeng YM, Peng SJ, Chien HJ, Chung MH, Chou YH, Hsieh CC, Kulkarni S, Pasricha PJ, Tien YW, Tang SC. Lymphatic vessel remodeling and invasion in pancreatic cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2019; 47:98-113. [PMID: 31495721 PMCID: PMC6796580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lymphatic system is involved in metastasis in pancreatic cancer progression. In cancer staging, lymphatic spread has been used to assess the invasiveness of tumor cells. However, from the endothelium's perspective, the analysis downplays the peri-lesional activities of lymphatic vessels. This unintended bias is largely due to the lack of 3-dimensional (3-D) tissue information to depict the lesion microstructure and vasculature in a global and integrated fashion. Methods We targeted the pancreas as the model organ to investigate lymphatic vessel remodeling in cancer lesion progression. Transparent pancreases were prepared by tissue clearing to facilitate deep-tissue, tile-scanning microscopy for 3-D lymphatic network imaging. Findings In human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we identify the close association between the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions and the lymphatic network. In mouse models of PanIN (elastase-CreER;LSL-KrasG12D and elastase-CreER;LSL-KrasG12D;p53+/−), the 3-D image data reveal the peri-lesional lymphangiogenesis, endothelial invagination, formation of the bridge/valve-like luminal tubules, vasodilation, and luminal invasion. In the orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer, we identify the localized, graft-induced lymphangiogenesis and the peri- and intra-tumoral lymphatic vessel invasion. Interpretation The integrated view of duct lesions and vascular remodeling suggests an active role, rather than a passive target, of lymphatic vessels in the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Our 3-D image data provide insights into the pancreatic cancer microenvironment and establish the technical and morphological foundation for systematic detection and 3-D analysis of lymphatic vessel invasion. Fund Taiwan Academia Sinica (AS-107-TP-L15 and AS-105-TP-B15), Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 106-2321-B-001-048, 106-0210-01-15-02, 106-2321-B-002-034, and 106-2314-B-007-004-MY2), and Taiwan National Health Research Institutes (NHRI EX107-10524EI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - King-Siang Goh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ruei Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chen Chiang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Chien
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital - Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Che Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Subhash Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pankaj J Pasricha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Tien
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shiue-Cheng Tang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Cell migration is essential for a wide range of biological processes such as embryo morphogenesis, wound healing, regeneration, and also in pathological conditions, such as cancer. In such contexts, cells are required to migrate as individual entities or as highly coordinated collectives, both of which requiring cells to respond to molecular and mechanical cues from their environment. However, whilst the function of chemical cues in cell migration is comparatively well understood, the role of tissue mechanics on cell migration is just starting to be studied. Recent studies suggest that the dynamic tuning of the viscoelasticity within a migratory cluster of cells, and the adequate elastic properties of its surrounding tissues, are essential to allow efficient collective cell migration in vivo. In this review we focus on the role of viscoelasticity in the control of collective cell migration in various cellular systems, mentioning briefly some aspects of single cell migration. We aim to provide details on how viscoelasticity of collectively migrating groups of cells and their surroundings is adjusted to ensure correct morphogenesis, wound healing, and metastasis. Finally, we attempt to show that environmental viscoelasticity triggers molecular changes within migrating clusters and that these new molecular setups modify clusters' viscoelasticity, ultimately allowing them to migrate across the challenging geometries of their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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Guo C, Huang T, Wang QH, Li H, Khanal A, Kang EH, Zhang W, Niu HT, Dong Z, Cao YW. Monocarboxylate transporter 1 and monocarboxylate transporter 4 in cancer-endothelial co-culturing microenvironments promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of renal cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:170. [PMID: 31297034 PMCID: PMC6599352 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Warburg effect demonstrates the importance of glycolysis in the development of primary and metastatic cancers. We aimed to explore the role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and MCT4, two essential transporters of lactate, in renal cancer progression during cancer-endothelial cell co-culturing. Methods Renal cancer cells (786-O) and human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were single-cultured or co-cultured in transwell membranes in the presence or absence of a MCT-1/MCT-4 specific blocker, 7ACC1. Cell proliferation was evaluated with the CCK-8 kit, while cell migration, after a scratch and invasion in transwell chambers, was evaluated under a microscope. Real-time qPCR and western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of MCT1 and MCT4, respectively. The concentration of lactic acid in the culture medium was quantified with an l-Lactic Acid Assay Kit. Results 786-O cells and HUVECs in the co-culturing mode exhibited significantly enhanced proliferation and migration ability, compared with the cells in the single-culturing mode. The expression of MCT1 and MCT4 was increased in both 786-O cells and HUVECs in the co-culturing mode. Co-culturing promoted the invasive ability of 786-O cells, and markedly increased extracellular lactate. Treatments with 7ACC1 attenuated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and down-regulated the levels of MCT1/MCT4 expression and extracellular lactate. Conclusions The Warburg effect accompanied with high MCT1/MCT4 expression in the cancer-endothelial microenvironments contributed significantly to renal cancer progression, which sheds new light on targeting MCT1/MCT4 and glycolytic metabolism in order to effectively treat patients with renal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- 1Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Tao Huang
- 1Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Qing-Hai Wang
- 1Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Hong Li
- 1Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Aashish Khanal
- 1Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - En-Hao Kang
- 2Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, 401 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Hai-Tao Niu
- 1Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Zhen Dong
- 1Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Yan-Wei Cao
- 1Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
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Hwang HJ, Oh MS, Lee DW, Kuh HJ. Multiplex quantitative analysis of stroma-mediated cancer cell invasion, matrix remodeling, and drug response in a 3D co-culture model of pancreatic tumor spheroids and stellate cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:258. [PMID: 31200779 PMCID: PMC6567511 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a stroma-rich carcinoma, and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are a major component of this dense stroma. PSCs play significant roles in metastatic progression and chemoresistance through cross-talk with cancer cells. Preclinical in vitro tumor model of invasive phenotype should incorporate three-dimensional (3D) culture of cancer cells and PSCs in extracellular matrix (ECM) for clinical relevance and predictability. METHODS PANC-1 cells were cultured as tumor spheroids (TSs) using our previously developed minipillar chips, and co-cultured with PSCs, both embedded in collagen gels. Effects of PSC co-culture on ECM fiber network, invasive migration of cancer cells, and expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were examined. Conditioned media was also analyzed for secreted factors involved in cancer cell-PSC interactions. Inhibitory effect on cancer cell invasion was compared between gemcitabine and paclitaxel at an equitoxic concentration in PANC-1 TSs co-cultured with PSCs. RESULTS Co-culture condition was optimized for the growth of TSs, activation of PSCs, and their interaction. Increase in cancer cell invasion via ECM remodeling, invadopodia formation and EMT, as well as drug resistance was recapitulated in the TS-PSC co-culture, and appeared to be mediated by cancer cell-PSC interaction via multiple secreted factors, including IL-6, IL-8, IGF-1, EGF, TIMP-1, uPA, PAI-1, and TSP-1. Compared to gemcitabine, paclitaxel showed a greater anti-invasive activity, which was attributed to suppresion of invadopodia formation in cancer cells as well as to PSC-specific cytotoxicity abrogating its paracrine signaling. CONCLUSIONS Here, we established 3D co-culture of TSs of PANC-1 cells and PSCs using minipillar histochips as a novel tumoroid model of PDAC. Our results indicate usefulness of the present co-culture model and multiplex quantitative analysis method not only in studying the role of PSCs and their interactions with tumor cell towards metastatic progression, but also in the drug evaluation of stroma-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Hwang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Oh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Medical & Bio Device, #B-9, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-ku, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
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Karedath T, Ahmed I, Al Ameri W, Al-Dasim FM, Andrews SS, Samuel S, Al-Azwani IK, Mohamoud YA, Rafii A, Malek JA. Silencing of ANKRD12 circRNA induces molecular and functional changes associated with invasive phenotypes. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:565. [PMID: 31185953 PMCID: PMC6558796 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) that form through non-canonical backsplicing events of pre-mRNA transcripts are evolutionarily conserved and abundantly expressed across species. However, the functional relevance of circRNAs remains a topic of debate. Methods We identified one of the highly expressed circRNA (circANKRD12) in cancer cell lines and characterized it validated it by Sanger sequencing, Real-Time PCR. siRNA mediated silencing of the circular junction of circANKRD12 was followed by RNA Seq analysis of circANKRD12 silenced cells and control cells to identify the differentially regulated genes. A series of cell biology and molecular biology techniques (MTS assay, Migration analysis, 3D organotypic models, Real-Time PCR, Cell cycle analysis, Western blot analysis, and Seahorse Oxygen Consumption Rate analysis) were performed to elucidate the function, and underlying mechanisms involved in circANKRD12 silenced breast and ovarian cancer cells. Results In this study, we identified and characterized a circular RNA derived from Exon 2 and Exon 8 of the ANKRD12 gene, termed here as circANKRD12. We show that this circRNA is abundantly expressed in breast and ovarian cancers. The circANKRD12 is RNase R resistant and predominantly localized in the cytoplasm in contrast to its source mRNA. We confirmed the expression of this circRNA across a variety of cancer cell lines and provided evidence for its functional relevance through downstream regulation of several tumor invasion genes. Silencing of circANKRD12 induces a strong phenotypic change by significantly regulating cell cycle, increasing invasion and migration and altering the metabolism in cancer cells. These results reveal the functional significance of circANKRD12 and provide evidence of a regulatory role for this circRNA in cancer progression. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the functional relevance of circANKRD12 in various cancer cell types and, based on its expression pattern, has the potential to become a new clinical biomarker. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5723-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thasni Karedath
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box No, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box No, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wafa Al Ameri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box No, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima M Al-Dasim
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box No, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Simeon S Andrews
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box No, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samson Samuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman K Al-Azwani
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasmin Ali Mohamoud
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joel A Malek
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box No, 24144, Doha, Qatar. .,Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Tian Z, Luo Y, Zhu J, Hua X, Xu J, Huang C, Jin H, Huang H, Huang C. Transcriptionally elevation of miR-494 by new ChlA-F compound via a HuR/JunB axis inhibits human bladder cancer cell invasion. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2019; 1862:822-833. [PMID: 31167152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is characterized by a poor overall survival rate in patients. Therefore, innovation and evaluation of idea anti-cancer compounds is of importance for reducing the mortality of MIBCs. The chemotherapeutic activity of ChlA-F, a novel C8 fluoride derivative of cheliensisin A with potent anti-neoplastic properties, was barely investigated. We reported here that ChlA-F treatment significantly induced miR-494 expression and suppressed cell invasion in human MIBC cells. Our results indicated that miR-494 was downregulated in M1 metastatic BC patients in comparison to non-metastatic (M0) BC patients, and such downregulation was also well correlated with over survival rate for MIBC patients. Mechanistically, ChlA-F-induced upregulation of miR-494 was due to a HuR-mediated increase in JunB mRNA stabilization and protein expression, which led to an increase in miR-494 transcription via directly binding to the miR-494 promoter region, while the upregulated miR-494 was able to bind the 3'-UTR region of c-Myc mRNA, resulting in decreased c-Myc mRNA stability and protein expression and further reducing the transcription of c-Myc-regulated MMP-2 and ultimately inhibiting BC invasion. Our results provide the first evidence showing that miR-494 downregulation was closely associated with BC metastatic status and overall BC survival, and ChlA-F was able to reverse the level of miR-494 with a profound inhibition of human BC invasion in human invasive BC cells. Our studies also reveal that ChlA-F is a promising therapeutic compound for BCs and miR-494 could also serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of MIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxian Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yisi Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Shuttleworth R, Trucu D. Multiscale Modelling of Fibres Dynamics and Cell Adhesion within Moving Boundary Cancer Invasion. Bull Math Biol 2019; 81:2176-219. [PMID: 30980344 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recognised as one of the hallmarks of cancer, local cancer cell invasion is a complex multiscale process that combines the secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes with a series of altered key cell processes (such as abnormal cell proliferation and changes in cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion leading to enhanced migration) to degrade important components of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and this way spread further in the human tissue. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the invasion process, we pay special attention to the interacting dynamics between the cancer cell population and various constituents of the surrounding tumour microenvironment. To that end, we consider the key role that ECM plays within the human body tissue, and in particular we focus on the special contribution of its fibrous proteins components, such as collagen and fibronectin, which play an important part in cell proliferation and migration. In this work, we consider the two-scale dynamic cross-talk between cancer cells and a two-component ECM (consisting of both a fibre and a non-fibre phase). To that end, we incorporate the interlinked two-scale dynamics of cell–ECM interactions within the tumour support that contributes simultaneously both to cell adhesion and to the dynamic rearrangement and restructuring of the ECM fibres. Furthermore, this is embedded within a multiscale moving boundary approach for the invading cancer cell population, in the presence of cell adhesion at the tissue scale and cell-scale fibre redistribution activity and leading edge matrix-degrading enzyme molecular proteolytic processes. The overall modelling framework will be accompanied by computational results that will explore the impact on cancer invasion patterns of different levels of cell adhesion in conjunction with the continuous ECM fibres rearrangement.
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Sapudom J, Kalbitzer L, Wu X, Martin S, Kroy K, Pompe T. Fibril bending stiffness of 3D collagen matrices instructs spreading and clustering of invasive and non-invasive breast cancer cells. Biomaterials 2018; 193:47-57. [PMID: 30554026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix stiffening of breast tissues has been clinically correlated with malignant transformation and poor prognosis. An increase of collagen fibril diameter and lysyl-oxidase mediated crosslinking has been observed in advanced tumor stages. Many current reports suggest that the local mechanical properties of single fibrillar components dominantly regulate cancer cell behavior. Here, we demonstrate by an independent control of fibril diameter and intrafibrillar crosslinking of three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices that fibril bending stiffness instructs cell behavior of invasive and non-invasive breast cancer cells. Two types of collagen matrices with fibril diameter of either 650 nm or 800 nm at a similar pore size of 10 μm were reconstituted and further modified with the zero-length crosslinker 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) at concentrations of 0, 20, 100 and 500 mM. This approach yields two sets of collagen matrices with overlapping variation of matrix elasticity. With these matrices we could prove the common assumption that matrix elasticity of collagen networks is bending dominated with a linear dependence on fibril bending stiffness. We derive that the measured variation of matrix elasticity is directly correlated to the variation of fibril bending stiffness, being independently controlled either by fibril diameter or by intrafibrillar crosslinking. We use these defined matrices to demonstrate that the adjustment of fibril bending stiffness allows to instruct the behavior of two different breast cancer cell lines, invasive MDA-MB-231 (human breast carcinoma) and non-invasive MCF-7 cells (human breast adenocarcinoma). Invasiveness and spreading of invasive MDA-MB-231 cells as well as clustering of non-invasive MCF-7 cells is thereby investigated over a broad parameter range. Our results demonstrate and quantify the direct dependence of cancer cell phenotypes on the matrix mechanical properties on the scale of single fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Liv Kalbitzer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Xiancheng Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Steve Martin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Klaus Kroy
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04009, Germany
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
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Ma X, Yu C, Wang P, Xu W, Wan X, Lai CSE, Liu J, Koroleva-Maharajh A, Chen S. Rapid 3D bioprinting of decellularized extracellular matrix with regionally varied mechanical properties and biomimetic microarchitecture. Biomaterials 2018; 185:310-321. [PMID: 30265900 PMCID: PMC6186504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as the fifth most common malignant cancer, develops and progresses mostly in a cirrhotic liver where stiff nodules are separated by fibrous bands. Scaffolds that can provide a 3D cirrhotic mechanical environment with complex native composition and biomimetic architecture are necessary for the development of better predictive tissue models. Here, we developed photocrosslinkable liver decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and a rapid light-based 3D bioprinting process to pattern liver dECM with tailorable mechanical properties to serve as a platform for HCC progression study. 3D bioprinted liver dECM scaffolds were able to stably recapitulate the clinically relevant mechanical properties of cirrhotic liver tissue. When encapsulated in dECM scaffolds with cirrhotic stiffness, HepG2 cells demonstrated reduced growth along with an upregulation of invasion markers compared to healthy controls. Moreover, an engineered cancer tissue platform possessing tissue-scale organization and distinct regional stiffness enabled the visualization of HepG2 stromal invasion from the nodule with cirrhotic stiffness. This work demonstrates a significant advancement in rapid 3D patterning of complex ECM biomaterials with biomimetic architecture and tunable mechanical properties for in vitro disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Claire Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pengrui Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Weizhe Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xueyi Wan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Cheuk Sun Edwin Lai
- Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Justin Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anna Koroleva-Maharajh
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Goertzen C, Eymael D, Magalhaes M. Three-Dimensional Quantification of Spheroid Degradation-Dependent Invasion and Invadopodia Formation. Biol Proced Online 2018; 20:20. [PMID: 30356830 PMCID: PMC6190556 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-018-0085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich, proteolytic structures that enable cancer cell to invade into the surrounding tissues. Several in vitro invasion assays have been used in the literature ranging from directional quantitative assays to complex three-dimensional (3D) analyses. One of the main limitations of these assays is the lack of quantifiable degradation-dependent invasion in a three-dimensional (3D) environment that mimics the tumor microenvironment. In this article, we describe a new invasion and degradation assay based on the currently available tumor spheroid model that allows long-term high-resolution imaging of the tumor, precise quantification, and visualization of matrix degradation and multichannel immunocytochemistry. By incorporating a degradation marker (DQ-Green BSA) into a basement-membrane matrix, we demonstrate the ability to quantitate cancer cell-induced matrix degradation in 3D. Also, we describe a technique to generate histological sections of the tumor spheroid allowing the detection of invadopodia formation in the 3D tumor spheroid. This new technique provides a clear advantage for studying cancer in vitro and will help address critical questions regarding the dynamics of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Goertzen
- 1Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Denise Eymael
- 1Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- 1Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, room 495, Toronto, ON M5G1G6 Canada.,3Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
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Saini H, Rahmani Eliato K, Silva C, Allam M, Mouneimne G, Ros R, Nikkhah M. The Role of Desmoplasia and Stromal Fibroblasts on Anti-cancer Drug Resistance in a Microengineered Tumor Model. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:419-33. [PMID: 31719892 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known to participate in anti-cancer drug resistance by upregulating desmoplasia and pro-survival mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. In this regard, anti-fibrotic drugs (i.e., tranilast) have been repurposed to diminish the elastic modulus of the stromal matrix and reduce tumor growth in presence of chemotherapeutics (i.e., doxorubicin). However, the quantitative assessment on impact of these stromal targeting drugs on matrix stiffness and tumor progression is still missing in the sole presence of CAFs. Methods We developed a high-density 3D microengineered tumor model comprised of MDA-MB-231 (highly invasive breast cancer cells) embedded microwells, surrounded by CAFs encapsulated within collagen I hydrogel. To study the influence of tranilast and doxorubicin on fibrosis, we probed the matrix using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and assessed matrix protein deposition. We further studied the combinatorial influence of the drugs on cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Results Our results demonstrated that the combinatorial action of tranilast and doxorubicin significantly diminished the stiffness of the stromal matrix compared to the control. The two drugs in synergy disrupted fibronectin assembly and reduced collagen fiber density. Furthermore, the combination of these drugs, condensed tumor growth and invasion. Conclusion In this work, we utilized a 3D microengineered model to tease apart the role of tranilast and doxorubicin in the sole presence of CAFs on desmoplasia, tumor growth and invasion. Our study lay down a ground work on better understanding of the role of biomechanical properties of the matrix on anti-cancer drug efficacy in the presence of single class of stromal cells.
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