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Rashed A, van Herk WG. Pest Elaterids of North America: New Insights and Opportunities for Management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:1-20. [PMID: 37562049 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-123249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The larval stages of click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) species, several of which are serious agricultural pests, are called wireworms. Their cryptic subterranean habitat, resilience, among-species differences in ecology and biology, and broad host range, as well as the lack of objective economic injury thresholds, have rendered wireworms a challenging pest complex to control. Significant progress has been made in recent years, introducing a new effective class of insecticides and improving species identification and our understanding of species-specific phenology, chemical ecology (i.e., adult sex pheromones and larval olfactory cues), and abiotic and biotic factors influencing the efficacy of biological control agents. These new developments have created opportunities for further research into improving our risk assessment, monitoring, and integrated pest management capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Rashed
- Department of Entomology, Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Blackstone, Virginia, USA;
| | - Willem G van Herk
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada;
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Millar JG, Williams L, Serrano JM, Halloran S, Grommes AC, Huseth AS, Kuhar TP, Hanks LM. A Symmetrical Diester as the Sex Attractant Pheromone of the North American Click Beetle Parallelostethus attenuatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Elateridae). J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:598-608. [PMID: 35397045 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hexanoic acid, 1-octanol, 1,8-octanediol, octyl hexanoate, 1,8-octanediol monohexanoate, and 1,8-octanediol dihexanoate were identified in headspace volatiles collected from the crushed abdomen of a female click beetle of the species Parallelostethus attenuatus (Say) (Elaterinae, tribe Elaterini). In field trials carried out in Illinois, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, adult male beetles were strongly attracted to 1,8-octanediol dihexanoate alone. Blends of the dihexanoate with one or more of the other compounds proved to be less attractive than the dihexanoate alone, suggesting that the pheromone of this species may consist of a single compound. The symmetrical diester structure of the pheromone is a novel natural product and appears to be structurally unique among insect pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Livy Williams
- USDA-ARS U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Serrano
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,USDA-ARS Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA, 98951, USA
| | - Sean Halloran
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Anna C Grommes
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Anders S Huseth
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Thomas P Kuhar
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Andrews KR, Gerritsen A, Rashed A, Crowder DW, Rondon SI, van Herk WG, Vernon R, Wanner KW, Wilson CM, New DD, Fagnan MW, Hohenlohe PA, Hunter SS. Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) genomic analysis reveals putative cryptic species, population structure, and adaptation to pest control. Commun Biol 2020; 3:489. [PMID: 32895437 PMCID: PMC7477237 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), known as "wireworms," are agricultural pests that pose a substantial economic threat worldwide. We produced one of the first wireworm genome assemblies (Limonius californicus), and investigated population structure and phylogenetic relationships of three species (L. californicus, L. infuscatus, L. canus) across the northwest US and southwest Canada using genome-wide markers (RADseq) and genome skimming. We found two species (L. californicus and L. infuscatus) are comprised of multiple genetically distinct groups that diverged in the Pleistocene but have no known distinguishing morphological characters, and therefore could be considered cryptic species complexes. We also found within-species population structure across relatively short geographic distances. Genome scans for selection provided preliminary evidence for signatures of adaptation associated with different pesticide treatments in an agricultural field trial for L. canus. We demonstrate that genomic tools can be a strong asset in developing effective wireworm control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Andrews
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
| | - Alida Gerritsen
- Computational Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Arash Rashed
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - David W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Silvia I Rondon
- Oregon State University, Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Hermiston, OR, 97838, USA
| | - Willem G van Herk
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada, V0M 1A0
| | - Robert Vernon
- Sentinel IPM Services, Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada, V2R 3B5
| | - Kevin W Wanner
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | | | - Daniel D New
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Matthew W Fagnan
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Paul A Hohenlohe
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Samuel S Hunter
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
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Labrie G, Gagnon AÈ, Vanasse A, Latraverse A, Tremblay G. Impacts of neonicotinoid seed treatments on soil-dwelling pest populations and agronomic parameters in corn and soybean in Quebec (Canada). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229136. [PMID: 32101547 PMCID: PMC7043745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural soil pests, including wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae), are managed primarily with pesticides applied directly to seeds before sowing. Seeds coated with neonicotinoids have been used widely in Quebec (Canada) for several years. To assess the agronomic and economic value of neonicotinoid seed treatments in soybeans and corn in Quebec, trials were conducted from 2012 to 2016 in 84 fields across seven regions in Quebec. We evaluated the effect of neonicotinoid seed treatments on soil pest densities, crop damage and yield. The results showed that 92.6% of corn fields and 69.0% of soybean fields had less than 1 wireworm per bait trap. However, no significant differences in plant stand or yield were observed between treated and untreated corn or soybeans during the study. This study shows that neonicotinoid seed treatments in field crops in Quebec are useful in less than 5% of cases, given the very low level of pest-associated pressure and damage, and that they should not be used prophylactically. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies need to be developed for soil insect pests to offer effective alternative solutions to producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Labrie
- Centre de recherche sur les grains Inc. (CÉROM), St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie-Ève Gagnon
- Centre de recherche sur les grains Inc. (CÉROM), St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Vanasse
- Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis Latraverse
- Centre de recherche sur les grains Inc. (CÉROM), St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Québec, Canada
| | - Gilles Tremblay
- Centre de recherche sur les grains Inc. (CÉROM), St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Québec, Canada
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Traugott M, Benefer CM, Blackshaw RP, van Herk WG, Vernon RS. Biology, ecology, and control of elaterid beetles in agricultural land. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 60:313-334. [PMID: 25341096 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-021035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Wireworms, the larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), have had a centuries-long role as major soil insect pests worldwide. With insecticidal control options dwindling, research on click beetle biology and ecology is of increasing importance in the development of new control tactics. Methodological improvements have deepened our understanding of how larvae and adults spatially and temporarily utilize agricultural habitats and interact with their environment. This progress, however, rests with a few pest species, and efforts to obtain comparable knowledge on other economically important elaterids are crucial. There are still considerable gaps in our understanding of female and larval ecology; movement of elaterids within landscapes; and the impact of natural enemies, cultivation practices, and environmental change on elaterid population dynamics. This knowledge will allow generation of multifaceted control strategies, including cultural, physical, and chemical measures, tailored toward species complexes and crops across a range of appropriate spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Traugott
- Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Wireworms' Management: An Overview of the Existing Methods, with Particular Regards to Agriotes spp. (Coleoptera: Elateridae). INSECTS 2013; 4:117-52. [PMID: 26466799 PMCID: PMC4553433 DOI: 10.3390/insects4010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are important soil dwelling pests worldwide causing yield losses in many crops. The progressive restrictions in the matter of efficient synthetic chemicals for health and environmental care brought out the need for alternative management techniques. This paper summarizes the main potential tools that have been studied up to now and that could be applied together in integrated pest management systems and suggests guidelines for future research.
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Staudacher K, Pitterl P, Furlan L, Cate PC, Traugott M. PCR-based species identification of Agriotes larvae. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2011; 101:201-10. [PMID: 21034519 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485310000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Click beetle larvae within the genus Agriotes (Coleoptera: Elateridae), commonly known as wireworms, are abundant ground-dwelling herbivores which can inflict considerable damage to field crops. In Central Europe up to 20 species, which differ in their distribution, ecology and pest status, occur in arable land. However, the identification of these larvae based on morphological characters is difficult or impossible. This hampers progress towards controlling these pests. Here, we present a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approach to identify, for the first time, 17 Agriotes species typically found in Central Europe. Diagnostic sequence information was generated and submitted to GenBank, allowing the identification of these species via DNA barcoding. Moreover, multiplex PCR assays were developed to identify the nine most abundant species rapidly within a single-step reaction: Agriotes brevis, A. litigiosus, A. obscurus, A. rufipalpis, A. sordidus, A. sputator, A. ustulatus, A. lineatus and A. proximus. The latter two species remain molecularly indistinguishable, questioning their species status. The multiplex PCR assays proved to be highly specific against non-agrioted elaterid beetles and other non-target soil invertebrates. By testing the molecular identification system with over 900 field-collected larvae, our protocol proved to be a reliable, cheap and quick method to routinely identify Central European Agriotes species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Staudacher
- Institute of Ecology, Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
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