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Chen HX, Zeng JL, Gao YY, Zhang D, Li Y, Li L. Morphology and genetic characterization of Physaloptera sibirica Petrow & Gorbunov, 1931 (Spirurida: Physalopteridae), from the hog-badger Arctonyx collaris Cuvier (Carnivora: Mustelidae), with molecular phylogeny of Physalopteridae. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:227. [PMID: 37420256 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nematodes of the family Physalopteridae (Spirurida: Physalopteroidea) commonly parasitize the alimentary canal of all major vertebrate groups. However, many physalopterid species are not adequately described, especially regarding the detailed morphology of the cephalic end. The current genetic database for Physaloptera species is still very limited, which seriously hampers molecular-based species identification. Additionally, the systematic status of some genera and the evolutionary relationships of the subfamilies in the Physalopteridae remain under debate. METHODS New morphological data for Physaloptera sibirica was gathered using light and scanning electron microscopy based on newly collected specimens from the hog badger Arctonyx collaris Cuvier (Carnivora: Mustelidae) in China. Six different genetic markers, including nuclear small ribosomal DNA (18S), large ribosomal DNA (28S) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and subunit 2 (cox2), and the 12S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of P. sibirica were sequenced and analyzed for the first time to our knowledge. Additionally, to construct a basic molecular phylogenetic framework for the Physalopteridae, phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the cox1 and 18S + cox1 genes using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation displayed the details of the cephalic structures, deirids, excretory pore, caudal papillae, vulva, phasmids and egg of P. sibirica for the first time to our knowledge. Pairwise comparison of the sequences obtained for P. sibirica did not reveal intraspecific divergence regarding the 18S, 28S, cox1 and 12S genetic markers and a low level of divergence in the ITS (0.16%) and cox2 (2.39%) regions. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses showed that the representatives of Physalopteridae formed two major clades (species of Physalopterinae + Thubunaeinae parasitic in terrestrial vertebrates and Proleptinae only occurring in marine or freshwater fishes). Turgida turgida was found nested among representatives of Physaloptera. Physaloptera sibirica clustered together with P. rara. Physalopteroides sp. (Thubunaeinae) formed a sister relationship to the physalopterine Abbreviata caucasica. CONCLUSIONS Physaloptera sibirica was redescribed, which is the fourth nematode parasite reported from the hog badger A. collaris, and A. collaris represents a new host for P. sibirica. The phylogenetic results challenged the validity of the subfamily Thubunaeinae and of the genus Turgida and supported dividing the family Physalopteridae into two subfamilies, Physalopterinae and Proleptinae. However, we do not make any immediate systematic changes in the Physalopteridae, because a more rigorous study with broader representation of the Physalopteridae is required. These present findings contribute to morphologically identifying P. sibirica more accurately and provide new insights into the systematics of the Physalopteridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xia Chen
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lu Zeng
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yun Gao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline Cell Biology; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Macedo LC, Willkens Y, Silva LMO, Gardner SL, Melo FTDV, Santos JND. “Revisiting the past”: a redescription of Physaloptera retusa (Nemata, Physalopteridae) from material deposited in museums and new material from Amazon lizards. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA 2023; 32:e017422. [PMID: 36995839 PMCID: PMC10062017 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Physaloptera Rudolphi, 1819 is a genus of nematodes that includes approximately 100 species parasitic in vertebrates around the world. From these, approximately 30 occur in the Neotropical region, with nine reported from neotropical reptiles. Physaloptera spp. are recognized by their distinct morphology of the apical end and characters of the reproductive system. However, despite the fact that the morphological characters for species diagnosis have been firmly established, we frequently find identification problems regarding poorly detailed descriptions and poorly preserved specimens. These may lead to taxonomic incongruencies. Physaloptera retusa (Rudolphi, 1819) is the most common species of the genus and has been reported from several species of neotropical reptiles. Based on our reexaminations of nematode specimens identified as P. retusa from different museum collections, we provide a detailed redescription including the type material, voucher specimens and new specimens recovered currently and showed in this study with new morphological data obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy tools.
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Alves PV, Couto JV, Pereira FB. Redescription of the two most recorded Physaloptera (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) parasitizing lizards in the Americas: first step towards a robust species identification framework. Syst Parasitol 2022; 99:63-81. [PMID: 35040088 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-021-10016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite being the two most recorded species of Physaloptera from lizards in the Americas, P. retusa and P. lutzi are either incompletely described or have accumulated inaccurate morphological data through the years. Here, we redescribe both species from Tropidurus torquatus in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, including evaluation of specimens from the Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. In P. retusa, the presence and location of amphids, presence and pattern of porous areas on pseudolabia, detailed pattern of cuticular ornamentations on ventral surface of the caudal bursa, structure of cloacal labia, presence of dome-shaped elevation between the last pair of postcloacal papillae and location of phasmids in males, were revealed for the first time. Additional morphometric data are also provided. In P. lutzi, the detailed morphological analysis revealed for the first time, porous areas on pseudolabia, as well as presence of amphids, phasmids, and the detailed ornamentation and papillae arrangement on the male bursa. Also, the presence of an internal tripartite and an external triangular labial tooth in the specimens were observed to be constant, diverging from the assertions by other authors. Finally, in P. lutzi was possible to observe that deirids are consistently located close to muscular oesophagus base with excretory pore slightly posterior to it, and the vulva is always close to anal aperture. The present observations confirmed the validity of P. lutzi and strengthened its taxonomic diagnosis. An up-to-date list of records of both species is provided, including a brief discussion on their host spectrum and geographic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vieira Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - João Victor Couto
- Departamento de Parasitologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bisaggio Pereira
- Departamento de Parasitologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Natalio Castillo G, Acosta JC, Gonzalez-Rivas CJ, Ramallo G. Parasitic nematodes of reptiles (lizards and snakes) in the Monte Desert of Argentina. ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI H 2020. [DOI: 10.17109/azh.66.4.319.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematodes are little known in the Argentine herpetofauna. In order to increase and contribute to the knowledge of parasitism in reptiles, we studied nematodes found in three species of lizards (Aurivela longicauda, Liolaemus darwinii, and Liolaemus riojanus) and one species of snake (Philodryas trilineata) from the Monte desert of center-west Argentina. We registered generalist nematodes common of the herpetofauna that belonged to two taxa: Physaloptera sp. (Physalopteridae) (larvae and adults specimens) and Parapharyngodon riojensis (Pharyngodonidae) (adults specimens). Liolaemus darwinii had low prevalence of nematodes (30%) and a mean intensity of 1.3±0.4 (1-2). The lizard A. longicauda had higher parasitic diversity with medium prevalence (50 and 12.5%) and mean intensities of 1.3±0.4 (1-2) corresponding to adult stages of Physaloptera sp. and Parapharyngodon riojensis. Due to the low number of studied specimens, precise conclusions cannot be drawn for Liolaemus riojanus and P. trilineata. The four reptile species correspond to new host records from Argentina, and the information provided contributes to the knowledge of endoparasitism in reptiles of the Argentine Monte region.
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A new species of Physaloptera (Nematoda: Spirurida) from Proechimys gardneri (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from the Amazon rainforest and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the genus. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e68. [PMID: 31337449 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nematodes of the genus Physaloptera are globally distributed and more than 100 species are known. Their life cycle involves insects, including beetles, cockroaches and crickets, as intermediate hosts. This study describes a new species of Physaloptera and reports molecular phylogenetic analyses to determine its relationships within the family Physalopteridae. Physaloptera amazonica n. sp. is described from the stomach of the caviomorph rodent Proechimys gardneri collected in the Amazon rainforest in the state of Acre, Brazil. The species is characterized by the male having the first and second pair of sessile papillae asymmetrically placed, lacking a median papilla-like protuberance between the third pairs of sessile papillae, differentiated by size and shape of the spicules, while females have four uterine branches. For both nuclear 18S rRNA and MT-CO1 gene-based phylogenies, we recovered Turgida sequences forming a clade nested within Physaloptera, thus making Physaloptera paraphyletic to the exclusion of Turgida, suggesting that the latter may have evolved from the former monodelphic ancestral state to a derived polydelphic state, or that some species of Physaloptera may belong to different genera. Relationships between most taxa within Physaloptera were poorly resolved in our phylogenies, producing multifurcations or a star phylogeny. The star-like pattern may be attributed to evolutionary processes where past simultaneous species diversification events took place. Physaloptera amazonica n. sp. formed an independent lineage, separately from the other species of Physaloptera, thus supporting the status of a new species. However, all molecular data suggested a closer relationship with other Neotropical species. In conclusion, we added a new species to this already largely diverse genus Physaloptera, bringing new insights to its phylogenetic relationships. Further analyses, adding more species and markers, should provide a better understanding of the evolutionary history of physalopterids.
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Silva CDS, Ávila RW, Morais DH. Helminth Community Dynamics in a Population of Pseudopaludicola Pocoto (Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) from Northeast-Brazilian. Helminthologia 2018; 55:292-305. [PMID: 31662661 PMCID: PMC6662005 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2018-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic variation in low latitudes influences the dynamics and structure of parasite communities. Environmental changes caused by dry and rainy seasons alter prevalence and abundance of endoparasite communities. In addition to providing a list of the helminth species associated with the swamp frog Pseudopaludicola pocoto, this study aimed to investigate the effects of rainfall and temperature on parasitological descriptors of helminths associated with P. pocoto in an area of the semiarid zone. A total of 817 swamp frog specimens were collected between 2013 and 2017, with four sampling expeditions during the dry season and four during the rainy season. Environmental parameters of temperature and rainfall were compared to the parasitological descriptors of prevalence, abundance and mean infection intensity of the parasite community using a multivariate linear regression. A richness of eight parasite species was identified, including Nematoda (Rhabdias sp., Cosmocerca parva, Oxyascaris oxyascaris, Physaloptera sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Spiroxys sp. and unidentified nematode) and Acanthocephala (cystacanths). Rainfall levels had a significant effect on the infection intensity of Rhabdias sp. being the presence of this species higher during the rainy season, whereas no influence of temperature was observed on the helminth community.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. De S. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz Pimenta 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz Pimenta 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R. W. Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz Pimenta 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz Pimenta 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - D. H. Morais
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz Pimenta 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), PA 275, km 13, zona Rural. CEP 68515-000, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil
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Chen HX, Ju HD, Li Y, Li L. Further study on Physaloptera clausa Rudolphi, 1819 (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) from the Amur hedgehog Erinaceus amurensis Schrenk (Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae). Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:846-852. [PMID: 29035865 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to further study the detailed morphology of Physaloptera clausa Rudolphi, 1819, based on the material collected from the Amur hedgehog E. amurensis Schrenk in China. The results revealed a few previously unreported morphological features and some morphological and morphometric variability between our specimens and the previous studies. The present supplementary morphological characters and morphometric data could help us to recognize this species more accurately.
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Lopes DA, Gomes DC, Knoff M. Type material of Acanthocephala, Nematoda and other non-helminths phyla (Cnidaria, Annelida, and Arthropoda) housed in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1979 to 2016. Zookeys 2017; 711:1-52. [PMID: 29134026 PMCID: PMC5674181 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.711.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The third part of the catalogue of type material in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), comprising types deposited between 1979 and 2016, is presented to complement the first list of all types that was published in 1979. This part encompasses Acanthocephala, Nematoda and the other non-helminth phyla Cnidaria, Annelida, and Arthropoda. Platyhelminthes was covered in the first (Monogenoidea) and second (Rhabditophora Trematoda and Cestoda) parts of the catalogue published in September 2016 and March 2017, respectively. The present catalogue comprises type material for 116 species distributed across five phyla, nine classes, 50 families, and 80 genera. Specific names are listed systematically, followed by type host, infection site, type locality, and specimens with their collection numbers and references. Species classification and nomenclature are updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A. Lopes
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Delir Corrêa Gomes
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Knoff
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Fedatto-Bernardon F, Dutra-Vieira T, Müller G. First record of Brachylaima (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) in Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae). REV MEX BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Teixeira AAM, Brito SV, Teles DA, Ribeiro SC, Araujo-Filho JA, Lima VF, Pereira AMA, Almeida WO. Helminths of the Lizard Salvator merianae (Squamata, Teiidae) in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 77:312-317. [PMID: 27579974 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lizard Salvator merianae is a widely distributed species in South America, occurring from southern Amazonia to the eastern Andes and northern Patagonia. Studies on the parasitic fauna of this lizard have revealed that it is a host for helminths in various Brazilian biomes. The present work provides new parasitological data on the gastrointestinal nematodes associated with the lizard S. merianae. Sixteen specimens were analyzed from nine different locations in a semi-arid region in northeastern Brazil. Five species of nematodes were identified. Oswaldofilaria petersi was first recorded as a parasite of the S. merianae, thus increasing the knowledge of the fauna of parasites that infect large Neotropical lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A M Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia - DSE, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza - CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Cidade Universitária, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - S V Brito
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, Boa Vista, CEP 65500-000, Chapadinha, MA, Brazil
| | - D A Teles
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia - DSE, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza - CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Cidade Universitária, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - S C Ribeiro
- Instituto de Formação de Educadores - IFE, Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Rua Olegário Emílio de Araújo, s/n, Campus Brejo Santo, CEP 63260-000, Brejo Santo, CE, Brazil
| | - J A Araujo-Filho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia - DSE, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza - CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Cidade Universitária, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - V F Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - A M A Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - W O Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
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Vieira TD, Fedatto-Bernardon F, Müller G. Diaphanocephalus galeatus (Nematoda: Diaphanocephalidae), parasite of Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) in southern Brazil. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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