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Kreling SES, Reese EM, Cavalluzzi OM, Bozzi NB, Messinger R, Schell CJ, Long RA, Prugh LR. City divided: Unveiling family ties and genetic structuring of coyotes in Seattle. Mol Ecol 2024:e17427. [PMID: 38837263 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Linear barriers pose significant challenges for wildlife gene flow, impacting species persistence, adaptation, and evolution. While numerous studies have examined the effects of linear barriers (e.g., fences and roadways) on partitioning urban and non-urban areas, understanding their influence on gene flow within cities remains limited. Here, we investigated the impact of linear barriers on coyote (Canis latrans) population structure in Seattle, Washington, where major barriers (i.e., interstate highways and bodies of water) divide the city into distinct quadrants. Just under 1000 scats were collected to obtain genetic data between January 2021 and December 2022, allowing us to identify 73 individual coyotes. Notably, private allele analysis underscored limited interbreeding among quadrants. When comparing one quadrant to each other, there were up to 16 private alleles within a single quadrant, representing nearly 22% of the population allelic diversity. Our analysis revealed weak isolation by distance, and despite being a highly mobile species, genetic structuring was apparent between quadrants even with extremely short geographic distance between individual coyotes, implying that Interstate 5 and the Ship Canal act as major barriers. This study uses coyotes as a model species for understanding urban gene flow and its consequences in cities, a crucial component for bolstering conservation of rarer species and developing wildlife friendly cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E S Kreling
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ellen M Reese
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Olivia M Cavalluzzi
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Natalee B Bozzi
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Riley Messinger
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher J Schell
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Laura R Prugh
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Lingle S, Breiter C, Schowalter DB, Wilmshurst JF. Prairie dogs, cattle subsidies and alternative prey: seasonal and spatial variation in coyote diet in a temperate grassland. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wlb3.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lingle
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of Winnipeg Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - C‐Jae Breiter
- Research and Conservation Dept, Assiniboine Park Zoo Winnipeg MB Canada
| | | | - John F. Wilmshurst
- Dept of Geography and Planning, Univ. of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
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Kondzior E, Kowalczyk R, Tokarska M, Borowik T, Zalewski A, Kołodziej-Sobocińska M. Multispecies reservoir of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothridae) in carnivore communities in north-eastern Poland. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:560. [PMID: 33168087 PMCID: PMC7654582 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spirometra erinaceieuropaei is a diphylobothriid tapeworm with a complex life-cycle including definitive, intermediate and paratenic (transport) hosts. Multiple routes of parasite transmission often make it impossible to determine what type of host a specific infected animal is considered to be. Spargana larvae cause sparganosis, a severe food- and water-borne disease mainly found in Asia. In Poland, Spirometra sp. was reported in large carnivores in Białowieża Primeval Forest for the first time in the 1940s and was recently confirmed as S. erinaceieuropaei in several mammals and snakes using molecular methods. Methods In total, 583 carcasses of 9 carnivore species were necropsied between 2013 and 2019 in north-eastern (NE) Poland. The larvae of S. erinaceieuropaei (spargana) were isolated from subcutaneous tissue, counted, and preserved for genetic analyses. We calculated the prevalence and intensity of infection. To assess spatial variation in S. erinaceieuropaei infection probability in NE Poland, we applied a generalized additive model (GAM) with binomial error distribution. To confirm the species affiliation of isolated larvae, we amplified a partial fragment of the 18S rRNA gene (240 bp in length). Results Spirometra larvae were found in the subcutaneous tissue of 172 animals of 7 species and confirmed genetically as S. erinaceieuropaei. The overall prevalence in all studied hosts was 29.5% with a mean infection intensity of 14.1 ± 33.8 larvae per individual. Native European badgers and invasive raccoon dogs were characterized by the highest prevalence. An analysis of parasite spread showed a spatially diversified probability of infection with the highest values occurring in the biodiversity hot spot, Białowieża Primeval Forest. Conclusions Our study revealed that various mammal species (both native and non-native) can serve as S. erinaceieuropaei reservoirs. The frequency and level of infection may differ between selected hosts and likely depend on host diversity and habitat structure in a given area. Further studies are needed to assess the distribution of the parasite throughout Europe and the environmental and biological factors influencing infection severity in wild mammals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Kondzior
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland. .,Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Rafał Kowalczyk
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tokarska
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Tomasz Borowik
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zalewski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
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Kołodziej‐Sobocińska M, Stojak J, Kondzior E, Ruczyńska I, Wójcik JM. Genetic diversity of two mitochondrial DNA genes inSpirometra erinaceieuropaei(Cestoda: Diphyllobothridae) from Poland. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Stojak
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - Eliza Kondzior
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - Iwona Ruczyńska
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - Jan M. Wójcik
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
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Boueroy P, Duenngai K, Eamudomkarn C, Sripan P, Boonmars T, Pumhirunroj B, Artchayasawat A, Songsri J, Chomphumee K, Rattanasuwan P, Laummaunwai P, Khueangchiangkhwang S, Boonjaraspinyo S. Effect of Temperature on the Killing of Opisthorchis viverrini Eggs In Vitro. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:49-53. [PMID: 30840800 PMCID: PMC6409225 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Contaminated liver fluke egg in the environment has led to the high prevalence of human opisthorchiasis associated with cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia. To find the effective lessening methods of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs in the contaminated environment, we investigated the temperature conditions for killing of these trematode eggs in vitro. Numerous O. viverrini eggs were obtained in the proximal part of uteri of adult worms from experimental hamsters. Mature eggs with miracidium were allocated by experimental groups (2 control: positive and negative and 4 treatment: 50, 60, 70, and 80°C) with 0.85% saline, and treated by the experimental plan. Eggs in each experimental groups were observed under the confocal microscope after stain with Propidium Iodide (PI) to evaluate the effect of temperatures. Eggs in 70 and 80°C groups were all killed after over 10 min heated. Majority of eggs in 60°C (10, 15, and 30 min heated), 70 and 80°C (5 min heated) groups were inactivated. However in 50°C group, below half of eggs were to be killed in all time lapse (10, 15 and 30 min). In order to prevent O. viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma, direct treatment of sewage by heating at 70 or 80°C at least 10 min is essential. Therefore, treatment of O. viverrini eggs at a high temperature is a potential method for controlling egg contamination in sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichart Boueroy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kunyarat Duenngai
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Phetchabun 67000, Thailand
| | - Chatanun Eamudomkarn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Panupan Sripan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thidarut Boonmars
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Benjamabhorn Pumhirunroj
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Atchara Artchayasawat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Songsri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanpicha Chomphumee
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Panaratana Rattanasuwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Porntip Laummaunwai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukhonthip Khueangchiangkhwang
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirintip Boonjaraspinyo
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Huang D, Li R, Qiu J, Sun X, Yuan R, Shi Y, Qu Y, Niu Y. Geographical Environment Factors and Risk Mapping of Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Western China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081729. [PMID: 30103558 PMCID: PMC6121593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to reveal the risk factors and predict the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Western China. To do this, we analyzed county-wide data relating to the prevalence of human CE in seven provinces of Western China, along with associated human, natural geographical environmental data. We then used spatial analysis and multiple regression analysis to investigate the correlation between the prevalence of human CE and associated environmental factors and to create a risk map of the disease in the seven provinces. Our analysis showed that grassland area ratio and Tibetan population ratio were independent variables positively correlated with the prevalence of human CE and that gross domestic product (GDP) and land surface temperature (LST; Spring) were negative independent variables. We also created a predictive risk map of human CE that revealed that the high-risk areas were mainly located in the south of Qinghai, the Northwest of Sichuan and most of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Knowledge of the spatial distribution and risk factors associated with human CE could help to prevent and control echinococcosis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Huang
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rendong Li
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
| | - Juan Qiu
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China.
| | - Ruixia Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 420000, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yubing Qu
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yingnan Niu
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Cullingham CI, Thiessen CD, Derocher AE, Paquet PC, Miller JM, Hamilton JA, Coltman DW. Population structure and dispersal of wolves in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. J Mammal 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schurer J, Davenport L, Wagner B, Jenkins E. Effects of sub-zero storage temperatures on endoparasites in canine and equine feces. Vet Parasitol 2014; 204:310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Liang Q, Wen H, Yunus A, Tian Z, Jiang F, Song X. Treatment experiences of pelvic bone hydatidosis. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 18:57-61. [PMID: 24211231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydatid diseases of the pelvic bone are rare, generally incurable, and have high rates of recurrence. METHODS We report nine cases of osseous hydatidosis involving the pelvis. Patients were treated through different surgical options, including simple debridement, bone cement filling with or without internal fixation, reconstruction using a pedicle screw-rod system, and hemipelvic replantation after liquid nitrogen devitalization combined with femoral prosthesis replacement. The therapy was completed by medical treatment or radiotherapy. RESULTS The average follow-up was 7.3 years (range 2-19 years). Whilst five patients were symptom-free at the last follow-up, the remaining patients suffered from hip pain or productive sinuses. CONCLUSIONS Patients must be treated at the early stages of the disease. Total exeresis and individual reconstruction is necessary when osseous and soft tissue involvement is not extensive. Internal fixation should not be used when surgical eradication is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Akbar Yunus
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Xinghua Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
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Seasonal and biogeographical patterns of gastrointestinal parasites in large carnivores: wolves in a coastal archipelago. Parasitology 2012; 139:781-90. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182011002319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYParasites are increasingly recognized for their profound influences on individual, population and ecosystem health. We provide the first report of gastrointestinal parasites in gray wolves from the central and north coasts of British Columbia, Canada. Across 60 000 km2, wolf feces were collected from 34 packs in 2005–2008. At a smaller spatial scale (3300 km2), 8 packs were sampled in spring and autumn. Parasite eggs, larvae, and cysts were identified using standard flotation techniques and morphology. A subset of samples was analysed by PCR and sequencing to identify tapeworm eggs (n=9) andGiardiacysts (n=14). We detected ⩾14 parasite taxa in 1558 fecal samples.Sarcocystissporocysts occurred most frequently in feces (43·7%), followed by taeniid eggs (23·9%),Diphyllobothriumeggs (9·1%),Giardiacysts (6·8%),Toxocara caniseggs (2·1%), andCryptosporidiumoocysts (1·7%). Other parasites occurred in ⩽1% of feces. Genetic analyses revealedEchinococcus canadensisstrains G8 and G10,Taenia ovis krabbei, Diphyllobothrium nehonkaiense,andGiardia duodenalisassemblages A and B. Parasite prevalence differed between seasons and island/mainland sites. Patterns in parasite prevalence reflect seasonal and spatial resource use by wolves and wolf-salmon associations. These data provide a unique, extensive and solid baseline for monitoring parasite community structure in relation to environmental change.
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Janko C, Linke S, Romig T, Thoma D, Schröder W, König A. Infection pressure of human alveolar echinococcosis due to village and small town foxes (Vuples vulpes) living in close proximity to residents. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-011-0515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Takumi K, Van der Giessen J. Transmission dynamics of Echinococcus multilocularis; its reproduction number, persistence in an area of low rodent prevalence, and effectiveness of control. Parasitology 2005; 131:133-40. [PMID: 16038404 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005007456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of high prevalences of Echinococcus multilocularis in the growing fox populations in Central Europe, its total biomass may have increased significantly in the past 20 years. E. multilocularis is now also found in areas outside the known endemic area in Central Europe. Therefore, E. multilocularis, the causative agent of a serious parasitic zoonosis, might be of major concern for public health and a challenge to control. Some experimental field trials to control E. multilocularis using an anti-worm drug reduced parasite burden in a contaminated region during the control campaign, but failed to eradicate the parasite completely. It was our aim to develop a mathematical model describing the biomass of egg, larval, and adult worm stages of the E. multilocularis life-cycle, and simulate a hypothetical control campaign. Additionally, we derived the reproduction number of this parasite and explored conditions for the persistence of the parasite's life-cycle. Our model shows that while control campaigns rapidly reduce the worm burden in the definitive host, and consequently eggs in the environment, the pool of larvae in the intermediate host remains large. The parasite's life-cycle persists in a region where prevalence in the intermediate host is low (∼1%). Therefore, we conclude that the parasite is likely to re-emerge if control is discontinued on the basis of reduced worm population. Continued treatment of the definitive host is required to eradicate the larval stage of the parasite from the intermediate host population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takumi
- Microbiological Laboratory for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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