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Alshammari A, Marzok M, Gattan HS, Salem M, Al-Jabr OA, Selim A. Serosurvey and associated risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in Egyptian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Sci Rep 2023; 13:22788. [PMID: 38123811 PMCID: PMC10733272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neosporosis is a parasitic disease that causes reproductive disorders in animals, making it a barrier to maximum efficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum (N. caninum) antibodies in water buffaloes from four governorates in northern Egypt. A commercial indirect-ELISA test was used to detect antibodies against N. caninum in the serum of 450 water buffaloes. The total seroprevalence of N. caninum in water buffaloes from Egypt was 31.3%, and the highest prevalence was observed in Gharbia governorate. The identified risk factors for N. caninum infections in water buffaloes were sex (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.22-4.17), buffaloes more than 4 years of age ( OR = 5.80, 95%CI: 2.26-14.86), abortion in second trimester (OR = 16.48, 95%%CI: 2.99-34.03), history of abortion (OR = 3.45, 95%CI: 1.58-7.52) and contact with dogs (OR = 2.55, 95%CI: 1.51-4.32). Thus, more studies are needed to determine the role of buffaloes in the epidemiology of neosporosis in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Marzok
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Hattan S Gattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Omar A Al-Jabr
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
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Huang M, Yin Y, Shi K, Zhang H, Cao X, Song X. Neospora caninum seroprevalence in water buffaloes in Guangxi, China. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3274-3279. [PMID: 36165738 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2126369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an important obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes spontaneous abortions in cattle and leads to huge economic losses to the farming industry. Although a high prevalence of N. caninum infection has been reported in Asia, data on the prevalence of water buffaloes in China remain unclear. To understand the seroprevalence of N. caninum infection in water buffaloes and its definitive host dogs in China, a total of 987 water buffalo sera from Guangxi Province were tested using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We obtained an overall seroprevalence of 50.9% (502/987) for water buffalo samples. And the positive rate was higher in border cities (56.8%, 425/748) than in central cities (32.3%, 77/239). We further tested 240 serum samples from dogs in Guangxi and found an overall prevalence of 57.9% (139/240). The high prevalence of N. caninum infection in both dogs and water buffaloes was first reported in southern China, and these data will surely contribute to the prevention and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanwen Yin
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Kaichuang Shi
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinru Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xingju Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Wei XY, An Q, Xue NY, Chen Y, Chen YY, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Wang CR. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum infection in cattle in China from 2011 to 2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2022; 203:105620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Rodrigues AA, Brito DRB, Kono IS, Reis SS, Nino BDSL, Nascimento TVC, Barros LDD, Garcia JL, Cunha IALD. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and risk factors associated with infection in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Maranhão State, Brazil. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 27:100661. [PMID: 35012718 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Maranhão State, Brazil, and identify risk factors associated with infection. In total, 338 buffaloes of different ages and both sexes from four farms were randomly selected. Information about the study region, animals and management was collected using an epidemiological questionnaire. Sera were subjected to an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to detect anti-N caninum antibodies, while N. caninum DNA was detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The overall seroprevalence of N. caninum in buffaloes was 27.5% (93/338), while DNA was detected in 3.0% (3/101) samples. The proportion of positive animals detected by IFAT and PCR simultaneously was 2.6% (2/77). The risk factors for N. caninum infection were contact with fomites (p = 0.022), management conditions (p = 0.005), calving interval of 20 months (p = 0.010) and deworming management (application 3 times a year in adults and calves, p = 0.020; change of anthelmintic group, p = 0.040). By multivariate analysis, management conditions was a risk factor for N. caninum infection with odds ratio of 2.2 (95% CI 1.0-4.6). This is the first report of the prevalence and risk factors for neosporosis in B. bubalis of Maranhão State, Brazil. Thus, N. caninum is widely distributed in buffalo herds in Maranhão, with management conditions being a risk factor for infection. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the importance of buffaloes in the epidemiology of neosporosis in Maranhão State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlan Araujo Rodrigues
- Applied Parasitology Laboratory, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/n° - Boa Vista, 65500-000 Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Danilo Rodrigues Barros Brito
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Federal Institute of Maranhão, Campus São Luís-Maracanã, Avenida dos Curiós, s/n° - Vila Esperança, 65095-460 São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Isabelli Sayuri Kono
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Jardim Portal de Versalhes 1, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sara Silva Reis
- Applied Parasitology Laboratory, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/n° - Boa Vista, 65500-000 Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Souza Lima Nino
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Jardim Portal de Versalhes 1, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thiago Vinícius Costa Nascimento
- Applied Parasitology Laboratory, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/n° - Boa Vista, 65500-000 Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Jardim Portal de Versalhes 1, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Jardim Portal de Versalhes 1, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha
- Applied Parasitology Laboratory, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/n° - Boa Vista, 65500-000 Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil.
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Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies among buffaloes and cattle from Menoufia Province, Egypt. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:952-958. [PMID: 34789977 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main reasons behind performing the current study were the high distribution of the water buffaloes Bubalus bubalis and cattle in Menoufia province, the veterinary importance of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii and the limited information on the seropositivity of these parasites in Menoufia province, Egypt. Therefore, the current study was conducted to estimate the distribution of anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgM and IgG) in water buffaloes and cattle from Menoufia province. ELISA methods based on the surface antigen 1 of N. caninum (NcSAG1t) and the surface antigen 2 of T. gondii (TgSAG2t) were utilized to detect both specific IgM and IgG for these parasites. The overall seroprevalence of N. caninum and T. gondii in cattle of Menoufia Province were (12.21% and 1.91% for IgM) and (14.89% and 3.05% for IgG), respectively. In water buffaloes, seroprevalences of N. caninum and T. gondii were (6.97% and 9.02% for IgM) and (13.52% and 8.2% for IgG), respectively. The mixed infection rate was 1.5% in cattle and 4.92% in buffaloes. No significant differences were detected regarding age or gender. Statistically significant changes in the prevalence of both parasites were demonstrated in relation to a period of the year. In conclusion, seroprevalence of neosporosis was more than toxoplasmosis in cattle and buffaloes in Menoufia Province, Egypt.
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de Barros LD, Garcia JL, Bresciani KDS, Cardim ST, Storte VS, Headley SA. A Review of Toxoplasmosis and Neosporosis in Water Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:455. [PMID: 32851033 PMCID: PMC7431459 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are diseases with worldwide distribution that are associated with reproductive problems in livestock and responsible for economic losses. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge relative to these diseases in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). In general, buffalo are considered resistant to clinical toxoplasmosis because there are studies only reporting serological evidence of natural infection in these animals. Studies have described age, poor hygienic status of the farm, and presence of cats as risk factors for the development of Toxoplasma gondii infection in buffalo. It must be highlighted that buffalo meat, which does not receive adequate freezing treatment, could be a potential source for toxoplasmic human infection as well as the importance of raw buffalo milk in the transmission of toxoplasmosis to human beings. Neospora caninum is considered one of the major causes of abortion and responsible for huge economic losses in cattle. Vertical transmission is the main route to infect calves, and is responsible for maintaining the parasite within a herd. In buffalo, vertical transmission is also described; moreover, although there are indications that N. caninum may be associated with abortion in dairy buffalo, the reproductive importance of neosporosis is apparently lower in buffalo relative to cattle. Most studies have identified a higher time of exposition to N. caninum oocysts relative to age. The household system was also described as a risk factor for infection, possibly due to persistent contact between the home-raised buffalo and canids. The fetal immune competence of buffalo is similar to bovine, and buffalo fetus are highly susceptible to infection during the first trimester of pregnancy, indicating that N. caninum may be an abortigenic agent in buffaloes. Alternatively, it is interesting to note there is evidence that the inflammatory response in pregnant buffalo infected with N. caninum is mild enough to avoid abortion in most cases. It is proposed that the possible transmission of toxoplasmosis through unprocessed milk and buffalo meat may occur, which is important in terms of public health. Additionally, there is strong evidence to suggest that N. caninum may be associated with abortion in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Tosi Cardim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte Do Paraná, Arapongas, Brazil
| | - Victor Sesnik Storte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte Do Paraná, Arapongas, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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McKenny L, O'Handley R, Kovaliski J, Mutze G, Peacock D, Lanyon S. Evidence of infection with Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in South Australia: using wild rabbits as a sentinel species. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:380-387. [PMID: 32350856 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to utilise wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as a sentinel species to study levels of environmental contamination with N. caninum and T. gondii in South Australia, and to examine associations with rainfall, climate and land use. DESIGN Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an apicomplexan parasite, causes the clinical disease toxoplasmosis, which can affect sheep as well as humans and many other animals. Neosporosis, the clinical disease caused by closely related Neospora caninum (N. caninum), causes abortions in cattle, with large economic impacts to cattle industries. METHODS Aliquots of wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) serum were obtained from twelve sites across South Australia over a period of eighteen years, with a total of 2114 samples. An in-house Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) was developed, and samples were screened for the specific antibodies against both T.gondii and N. caninum. RESULTS Overall, 9.9% of samples screened for T. gondii tested positive and 6.1% of samples screened for N. caninum tested positive. There was no difference observed in seroprevalence of T.gondii specific antibodies between samples collected throughout summer, autumn, winter or spring. By contrast, a significantly higher (p=0.030) seroprevalence of N. caninum specific antibodies was observed in spring than any other season. T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies were discovered at sites across a broad area of South Australia, indicating these environments maybe infected with both parasites. CONCLUSION Results provide evidence that suggests N. caninum oocysts may have different survival characteristics, such as varying tolerances to low relative humidity, than T. gondii oocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L McKenny
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - R O'Handley
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Kovaliski
- Invasive Species, Biosecurity SA, Primary Industries and Regions SA, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - G Mutze
- Invasive Species, Biosecurity SA, Primary Industries and Regions SA, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - D Peacock
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.,Invasive Species, Biosecurity SA, Primary Industries and Regions SA, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Lanyon
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
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Olmo L, Reichel MP, Nampanya S, Khounsy S, Wahl LC, Clark BA, Thomson PC, Windsor PA, Bush RD. Risk factors for Neospora caninum, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, and Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo infection in smallholder cattle and buffalo in Lao PDR. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220335. [PMID: 31393897 PMCID: PMC6687104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smallholder large ruminant production in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is characterised by low reproductive efficiency. To determine if common abortifacient bovid infectious diseases are involved, a serological investigation was conducted. Sera was collected from stored and fresh cattle (n = 390) and buffalo (n = 130) samples from 2016-18 from, and then examined for associations in a retrospective risk factor study of 71 herds. The sera were assayed for antibodies to Neospora caninum, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo and Brucella abortus using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. These pathogens were detected in buffalo samples at 78.5% (95% CI 71.4-85.6), 0%, 2.3% (95% CI 0-4.9) and 0%, respectively, and in cattle at 4.4% (95% CI 2.4-6.4), 7.7% (95% CI 3.1-12.3), 12.8% (95% CI 9.5-16.1) and 0.26% (95% CI 0-0.8), respectively. Exposure of buffalo to N. caninum was positively associated with buffalo age, with a predicted seropositivity at birth of 52.8%, increasing to 97.2% by 12 years of age (p = 0.037). Exposure of cattle to L. interrogans serovar Hardjo was more prevalent in females compared to males, was associated with higher titres of BVDV, and was more prevalent in the wet season compared to the dry season. Exposure of cattle to BVDV was more prevalent in males compared to females, the wet and dry seasons were comparable, and was associated with rising antibody titres against N. caninum and L. interrogans serovar Hardjo. The risk factor survey identified that the probability of herds being N. caninum positive increased with farmer age, if farmers believed there were rodents on farm, and if farmers weren't aware that canids or rodents could contaminate bovid feed on their farm. The probability of a herd being positive to L. interrogans serovar Hardjo increased on farms where multiple cows shared the same bull, where farmers had lower husbandry knowledge, and on farms that used water troughs. The probability of a herd being BVDV seropositive increased with increasing herd size and increasing titres to N. caninum. The benchmarking of bovid exposure to emerging abortifacient pathogens and identification of their risk factors potentially informs disease prevention strategies, supporting efforts to establish a biosecure beef supply for enhanced smallholder livestock productivity, public health and food security in Laos and surrounding countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Olmo
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael P Reichel
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sonevilay Nampanya
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.,Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Syseng Khounsy
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Lloyd C Wahl
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bethanie A Clark
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter C Thomson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A Windsor
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell D Bush
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
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Oliveira PRFD, Soares LBF, Borges JDM, Mota RA, Pinheiro Junior JW. Prevalence and associated factors with Neospora caninum infection in female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Pernambuco, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 27:439-445. [PMID: 30427520 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neosporosis is one of the major parasitic diseases that causes reproductive problems, making it a limitation for optimal efficiency in livestock. The aim of the present study was to conduct a seroepidemiological survey for bubaline neosporosis and to analyse associated factors associated with N. caninum infection in female water buffaloes in the State of Pernambuco, northeast Brazil. The prevalence of N. caninum infection in the bubaline herds examined was 35.4% (122/345; 95% CI: 30.4%-40.7%), at least 1 Neospora-positive animal was found in each farm. Associated factors for N. caninum infection identified in this study were exclusive pasture feeding (OR: 5.91, p <0.001) and purchase of animals of free fair and from reputable sellers (OR: 1.85; p =0.045). In this survey, we document the occurrence of neosporosis in female water buffaloes. Associated factors should be controlled in order to reduce the risk of N. caninum infection in these herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bacterioses dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Larice Bruna Ferreira Soares
- Laboratório de Bacterioses dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Jonas de Melo Borges
- Laboratório de Bacterioses dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Laboratório de Bacterioses dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - José Wilton Pinheiro Junior
- Laboratório de Bacterioses dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Olmo L, Dye M, Reichel M, Young J, Nampanya S, Khounsy S, Thomson P, Windsor P, Bush R. Investigation of infectious reproductive pathogens of large ruminants: Are neosporosis, brucellosis, leptospirosis and BVDV of relevance in Lao PDR? Acta Trop 2018; 177:118-126. [PMID: 29024616 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
N. caninum, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, Brucella abortus and Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo are globally significant reproductive pathogens that cause abortion and reproductive loss in large ruminants. Prevalence information is lacking in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) despite the poor reproductive performance of cattle and buffalo. Serological examination of frozen cattle (n=90) and buffalo (n=61) sera by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays provided the first reported screening of some of these pathogens in Laos. Seroprevalence differed amongst these large ruminant species, with N. caninum, BVDV and L. interrogans serovar Hardjo antibodies found in 68.9% (95% CI±11.6), 4.9% (95% CI±5.4) and 3.3% (95% CI±4.5) of buffalo sera, respectively, and in 7.8% (95% CI±5.5), 10.0% (95% CI±6.2) and 22.2% (95% CI±8.6) of cattle sera, respectively. Buffalo sera had a significantly higher seroprevalence of N. caninum compared to cattle (p<0.001) and cattle sera had a significantly higher seroprevalence of L. interrogans serovar Hardjo compared to buffalo (p=0.003). Variability was also observed across provinces for N. caninum in buffalo (p=0.007) and for L. interrogans serovar Hardjo in cattle (p=0.071), suggesting provincial risk factors conducive to pathogen transmission. BVDV and N. caninum seropositivity were negatively associated in buffalo (p=0.018) and cattle (p=0.003). In buffalo, L. interrogans serovar Hardjo and BVDV seropositivity were associated (p=0.035, p=0.039). The identification of antibodies against three major abortifacient pathogens in Laos prompts further research to determine if infection is associated with low reproductive efficiency and the risk factors for infection. This is needed for the development of evidence based prevention strategies for improved large ruminant reproductive management among smallholders in Laos.
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da Silva JB, Nicolino RR, Fagundes GM, Dos Anjos Bomjardim H, Dos Santos Belo Reis A, da Silva Lima DH, Oliveira CMC, Barbosa JD, da Fonseca AH. Serological survey of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle (Bos indicus) and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in ten provinces of Brazil. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 52:30-35. [PMID: 28673459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii among 500 cattle (Bos indicus) and 500 buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) technique. Blood samples from were collected from water buffalo and cattle in 10 municipalities in the northern region of Brazil. The frequency of cattle and water buffaloes seropositive for Neospora caninum in Pará state, Brazil, was 55% and 44%, respectively, and the frequency of cattle and water buffaloes seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii was 52% and 39%, respectively. Seropositivity for both N. caninum and T. gondii was detected in 10.6% of the cattle samples and 14.8% of the buffalo samples. The frequency of cattle positive for N. caninum and T. gondii was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of buffalo in two and three provinces, respectively. Buffaloes had a lower seroprevalence for N. caninum or T. gondii in all of the provinces studied. These results suggest that both species, when exposed to the same risks for N. caninum and T. gondii infection, have a high serological prevalence. Cattle showed a higher probability of being seropositive when exposed to the same risks for N. caninum and T. gondii. Our study, which included an extensive number of blood samples, provides important epidemiological information pertinent to buffalo production in tropical countries that can be used as a basis for disease-management practices in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenevaldo Barbosa da Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - ICA/UFVJM, Av. João Narciso, 1380-Cachoeira, 38610-000 Unaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Romero Nicolino
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - ICA/UFVJM, Av. João Narciso, 1380-Cachoeira, 38610-000 Unaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gisele Maria Fagundes
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Dos Anjos Bomjardim
- Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Rodovia BR 316 Km 61, Bairro Saudade, 68740-970, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil(1)
| | | | | | - Carlos Magno Chaves Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Rodovia BR 316 Km 61, Bairro Saudade, 68740-970, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil(1)
| | - José Diomedes Barbosa
- Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Rodovia BR 316 Km 61, Bairro Saudade, 68740-970, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil(1)
| | - Adivaldo Henrique da Fonseca
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Br 465, Km 07, 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Silva RC, Machado GP. Canine neosporosis: perspectives on pathogenesis and management. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2016; 7:59-70. [PMID: 30050838 PMCID: PMC6055790 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s76969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine neosporosis is a worldwide disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite protozoan Neospora caninum, manifesting mainly neurological symptoms. N. caninum has a heteroxenous life cycle and affects a wide range of warm-blooded animals. The domestic and wild canids are the definitive host of the parasite. They shed oocysts after ingestion of tissue cysts from infected intermediate hosts (ovine, equine, bovine, canine, and many other species), containing bradyzoites, or oocyst-contaminated water and food. The presence of dogs in farms is considered a risk factor for production animals. A wide range of diagnostic methods are currently available, but the most used is serology, ie, indirect fluorescent antibody test specific to the antibody detection in blood serum samples. No vaccine is available, but control strategies should be focused on the vertical and horizontal transmission of the parasite, ie, avoid feeding dogs with raw or undercooked meat, and taking care with water for human and animal consumption. No medicines to control the transplacental transmission are available yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C Silva
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA,
| | - Gustavo P Machado
- Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery of Small Animals, Dr Munhoz Veterinary Hospital, Itápolis, Brazil
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13
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Reichel MP, McAllister MM, Nasir A, Moore DP. A review of Neospora caninum in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:75-9. [PMID: 26298507 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A number of countries in the world have reported infections with Neospora caninum in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), from Africa to Asia, Europe and South America and recently Australia. In general, clinical manifestations (such as abortion) seem rare, which has raised the prospect that buffalo may be inherently resistant to clinical effects of N. caninum infection. Worldwide, the seroprevalence of N. caninum infection (as a measure of exposure determined by the detection of antibody) in buffalo is high, at approximately 48%. This reported seroprevalence is three or four times higher than that reported from the world's cattle populations, which have collective seroprevalence rates of 16.1% for dairy cattle and 11.5% for beef cattle. However, there is a lack of standardisation in seroprevalence studies and some studies may well under-estimate the true level of infection. Epidemiologic evidence supports post-natal transmission, and in utero transmission has also been demonstrated. The causes for water buffalo to have markedly higher seroprevalence but apparently lower neosporosis abortion rates than cattle warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Reichel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371 South Australia, Australia; City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Milton M McAllister
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371 South Australia, Australia
| | - Amar Nasir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary & Animals Sciences, Jhang Subcampus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Dadin P Moore
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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Neverauskas CE, Nasir A, Reichel MP. Prevalence and distribution of Neospora caninum in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle in the Northern Territory of Australia. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:392-6. [PMID: 25992666 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and domestic cattle in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia has never been determined. A total of 480 serum samples from water buffalo and 192 serum samples from cattle, collected by the NT Government from 1993 through to 2001, at 18 different survey sites throughout the Northern Territory were tested by commercial ELISA for anti-N. caninum antibodies. The water buffalo samples demonstrated a seroprevalence of 88.3% (95% CI ± 2.9%), while 31.8% (±6.1%) of the cattle sera tested positive for N. caninum antibodies. Individual buffalo from the same herd, sampled over years, showed considerable fluctuations in S/P ratios. Overall, seropositivity was consistent across buffalo herds, and showed a slight decline over the years. The study presents evidence for the first time that N. caninum infection in water buffalo in the Northern Territory is a highly endemic and that infection rates are higher than those for cattle. This is important for an understanding of any potential sylvatic life cycle of N. caninum in Northern Australia. This survey also tests cattle from that territory for the first time for evidence of N. caninum infection and makes an important contribution to the understanding of disease management issues for the beef industry in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Neverauskas
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Amar Nasir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Subcampus University of Veterinary &Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Michael P Reichel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia.
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15
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Kengradomkij C, Inpankaew T, Kamyingkird K, Wongpanit K, Wongnakphet S, Mitchell TJ, Xuan X, Igarashi I, Jittapalapong S, Stich RW. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) to Neospora caninum in northeast Thailand. Vet Parasitol 2015; 207:156-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Chryssafidis AL, Cantón G, Chianini F, Innes EA, Madureira EH, Soares RM, Gennari SM. Abortion and foetal lesions induced by Neospora caninum in experimentally infected water buffalos (Bubalus bubalis). Parasitol Res 2014; 114:193-9. [PMID: 25324135 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an important species in several countries for its milk and meat production, as well as for transport and other agricultural activities. It is, in general, considered more resistant than cattle to different parasitic diseases, also less demanding for forage quality. It has been postulated that buffalo may be resistant to abortion caused by neosporosis, because of high serological prevalences found in buffalo herds from different localities, with no description of Neospora caninum-related abortion. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential impact of neosporosis in pregnant water buffalo cows. In this work, three pregnant buffalo cows were experimentally infected with Nc-1 strain of N. caninum, and abortion was detected 35 days post-infection. Molecular and histopathological results found in post-mortem tissues are described and discussed, confirming the susceptibility of water buffalos to abortion caused by N. caninum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas L Chryssafidis
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil,
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Moore DP, Konrad JL, San Martino S, Reichel MP, Cano DB, Méndez S, Späth EJL, Odeón AC, Crudeli G, Campero CM. Neospora caninum serostatus is affected by age and species variables in cohabiting water buffaloes and beef cattle. Vet Parasitol 2014; 203:259-63. [PMID: 24792747 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how Neospora caninum serostatus may be affected by variables such as host species (water buffaloes or cattle) and age in animals cohabiting in the same ranch. A convenience cross-sectional study was performed on four ranches in the Northeast of Argentina, where water buffalo are cohabitating with beef cattle. Blood samples were collected from 1350 female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and 880 female beef cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus crossbreeds) from four ranches. Calving and weaning percentages at herd level for each ranch were also recorded. N. caninum antibody levels were measured by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) (reciprocal antibody titers ≥ 100). Serological results were classified into 2 categories (0: negative; 1: positive). A logistic regression model was used to describe the relationship between N. caninum serostatus and specie (water buffalo or cattle), age or ranch and their interactions. Likelihood ratio tests were used to assess the significance of the model and their terms. Odds ratios were estimated and 95% profile likelihood (LR) and Wald confidence intervals (CI) obtained. Overall, specific antibody titers were found in 43.3% (584/1350) of water buffaloes and 28.6% (252/880) of cattle. Seropositive water buffaloes and cattle were observed on all ranches. Age was statistically significant (p=0.01) with an overall estimate of logit (log odds) of age of 0.03 for both species. This indicates that for every one year increase in age, the expected change in log odds of being seropositive increased by 0.03. On three of four ranches a water buffalo was 4.48, 1.54 and 2.25 times more likely to be seropositive than cattle for animals of the same age. The N. caninum serostatus was affected by age in the first place, but also by species on at least three of the four ranches. Calving and weaning percentages were higher in water buffaloes than in beef cattle (p<0.05). Even though the low pathogenicity that N. caninum seems to have in water buffaloes, this study reinforces the importance of this specie as maintenance of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Moore
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - J L Konrad
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - S San Martino
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Balcarce, Argentina
| | - M P Reichel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, SA 5371 South Australia, Australia
| | - D B Cano
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - S Méndez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - E J L Späth
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - A C Odeón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - G Crudeli
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - C M Campero
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
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18
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Control options for Neospora caninum--is there anything new or are we going backwards? Parasitology 2014; 141:1455-70. [PMID: 24667014 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has highlighted and enumerated the economic annual losses due to Neospora caninum abortions worldwide, which should provide strong motivation for the control of bovine neosporosis. However, with the recent withdrawal from sale of the only commercially available vaccine, control options for N. caninum have become more restricted. While researchers continue to work on developing alternative efficacious vaccines, what are the control options presently available for the cattle industries? At the practical level, recommendations for 'Test-and-cull', or 'not breeding from seropositive dams' stand diametrically opposed to alternative options put forward that suggest a primary producer is better advised to keep those cows in the herd that are already seropositive, i.e., assumed to be chronically infected, and indeed those that have already aborted once. Treatment with a coccidiostat has been recommended as the only economically viable option, yet no such treatment has gained official, regulatory approval. Dogs are central to the life cycle of N. caninum and have repeatedly been associated with infection and abortions in cattle by epidemiological studies. Knowledge and understanding of that pivotal role should be able to be put to use in control programmes. The present review canvasses the relevant literature for evidence for control options for N. caninum (some of them proven, many not) and assesses them in the light of the authors' knowledge and experience with control of N. caninum.
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Prevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cattle and water buffaloes and associated abortions in the plateau of Southern Peninsular India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:205-10. [PMID: 22644733 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A seroprevalence study of bovine neosporosis was conducted among 1,927 dairy cattle and 341 water buffaloes from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh states in plateau of southern peninsular India by employing competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, 12.61 and 9.97 % sera samples were found positive for the presence of Neospora caninum antibody, respectively, among cattle and water buffaloes. Out of 1,927 sera samples from cattle, 912 and 1,015 samples were collected from unorganized and organized herds, respectively. The cattle screened were of upgraded Holstein-Friesian and water buffaloes were of graded Surti breed. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher prevalence was found in the cattle in unorganized herds (16.66 %) in comparison to organized herds (8.96 %). The highest seroprevalence was recorded in the age group of 4 years and above in both type of cattle herds and water buffaloes. There was a significant variation of seroprevalence (p < 0.05) observed between different age groups of cattle. The rate of seroprevalence increased with the increment in the age of the animals suggesting a possibility of horizontal mode of transmission of the infection from the environment. The percentage of abortion history was more in seropositive group (51.65 %) in comparison to the seronegative group (5.84 %) and the seropositive cattle were 8.84 times more likely to experience abortion than the seronegative cattle. The occurrence of abortion among different age groups varied significantly (p < 0.05). The findings revealed the presence of neosporosis in the southern peninsular India among cattle and water buffaloes and a strong association between the seroprevalence and abortion.
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Nasir A, Ashraf M, Khan MS, Javeed A, Yaqub T, Avais M, Reichel MP. Prevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in sheep and goats in Pakistan. J Parasitol 2011; 98:213-5. [PMID: 21854220 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2863.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to obtain seroepidemiological information on the Neospora caninum infection status of sheep and goats in different areas of Punjab Province and Azad Kashmir (Pakistan). A cross-sectional study, with the use of a competitive ELISA, showed an overall 27.7% (35 of 128) (95% confidence interval [CI] ± 7.7%) and 8.6% (13 of 142) (95% CI ± 4.6%) seroprevalence of N. caninum antibodies in sheep and goats, respectively. The difference in seroprevalence between sheep and goat populations was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The highest prevalence (37.4% ± 13.2%) was recorded in the tailless breed of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nasir
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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