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Yang X, Liu P, Yu H, Ling M, Ma M, Wang Q, Tang X, Shen Z, Zhang Y. Comparative analysis of the intestinal flora of BmNPV-resistant and BmNPV-sensitive silkworm varieties. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106649. [PMID: 38636568 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a very common and infectious virus that affects silkworms and hinders silk production. To investigate the intestinal flora of BmNPV-resistant and BmNPV-sensitive silkworm varieties, 16 S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was performed. The results of the cluster analysis showed that the intestinal flora of the resistant silkworm variety was more abundant than that of the sensitive silkworm variety. This was found even when infection with BmNPV caused a sharp decline in the number of intestinal floral species in both resistant and sensitive silkworm varieties. The abundances of the intestinal flora, including Aureimonas, Ileibacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, and Halomonas, in the resistant variety were considerably greater after infection with BmNPV than those in the sensitive variety. After infection with BmNPV, four kinds of important intestinal bacteria, namely, f_Saccharimonadaceae, Peptostreptococcus, Aureirmonas, and f_Rhizobiaceae, were found in the resistant silkworm variety. In the sensitive silkworm variety, only Faecalibaculum was an important intestinal bacterium. The differential or important bacteria mentioned above might be involved in immunoreaction or antiviral activities, especially in the intestines of BmNPV-resistant silkworms. By conducting a functional enrichment analysis, we found that BmNPV infection did not change the abundance of important functional components of the intestinal flora in resistant or sensitive silkworm varieties. However, some functional factors, such as the biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism of secondary metabolites (e.g., terpenoids and polyketides) and lipid transport and metabolism, were more important in the resistant silkworm variety than in the sensitive variety; thus, these factors may increase the resistance of the host to BmNPV. To summarize, we found significant differences in the composition, abundance, and function of the intestinal flora between resistant and sensitive silkworm varieties, especially after infection with BmNPV, which might be closely related to the resistance of resistant silkworm varieties to BmNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Pai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Haodong Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Min Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Mingzhen Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xudong Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Liu S, Zhan Z, Zhang X, Chen X, Xu J, Wang Q, Zhang M, Liu Y. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) mixtures induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disruption in silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169782. [PMID: 38176555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Mixed legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are commonly found in soil and dust; however, the potential toxicity of PFAS mixtures (mPFASs) in insects is unknown. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), we evaluated the adverse effects of mPFASs on silkworms, a typical lepidopteran insect. After exposure to mPFASs, the silkworm midgut was enriched with high levels of PFASs, which induced histopathological changes. The composition of the midgut microbiota was significantly affected by mPFAS exposure, and functional predictions revealed significant disruption of some metabolic pathways. RNA-seq analysis revealed that mPFASs significantly changed the transcription profiles. Functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes also revealed that biological processes related to metabolic pathways and the digestive system were significantly affected, similar to the results of the gut microbiota analysis, suggesting that mPFAS exposure had an adverse effect on the metabolic function of silkworms and may further affect their normal growth. Finally, the significant correlation between abundance changes in the gut microbiota and metabolism/digestion-related genes further highlighted the role of the gut microbiota in mPFAS-related processes affecting the metabolic functions of silkworms. To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the toxic effects of mPFASs in insects and provide basic data for further PFAS toxicity investigations in insects and comprehensive ecological risk assessments of mPFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Zhigao Zhan
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Xinghui Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China; College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China.
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Gouda MNR, Subramanian S, Kumar A, Ramakrishnan B. Microbial ensemble in the hives: deciphering the intricate gut ecosystem of hive and forager bees of Apis mellifera. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:262. [PMID: 38302671 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome of honey bees significantly influences vital traits and metabolic processes, including digestion, detoxification, nutrient provision, development, and immunity. However, there is a limited information is available on the gut bacterial diversity of western honey bee populations in India. This study addresses the critical knowledge gap and outcome of which would benefit the beekeepers in India. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigates the gut bacterial diversity in forager and hive bees of Indian Apis mellifera, employing both culture-based and culture-independent methods. In the culturable study, a distinct difference in gut bacterial alpha and beta diversity between forager and hive bees emerges. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria dominate, with hive bees exhibiting a Firmicutes-rich gut (65%), while foragers showcase a higher proportion of Proteobacteria (37%). Lactobacillus in the hive bee foregut aligns with the findings by other researchers. Bacterial amplicon sequencing analysisreveals a more intricate bacterial composition with 18 identified phyla, expanding our understanding compared to culturable methods. Hive bees exhibit higher community richness and diversity, likely due to diverse diets and increased social interactions. The core microbiota includes Snodgrassella alvi, Gilliamella apicola, and Bombilactobacillus mellis and Lactobacillus helsingborgensis, crucial for digestion, metabolism, and pathogen resistance. The study emphasises bacteria's role in pollen and nectar digestion, with specific groups like Lactobacillus and Bifidobobacterium spp. associated with carbohydrate metabolism and polysaccharide breakdown. These microbes aid in starch and sucrose digestion, releasing beneficial short-chain fatty acids. CONCLUSION This research highlights the intricate relationship between honey bees and their gut microbiota, showcasing how the diverse and complex microbiome helps bees overcome dietary challenges and enhances overall host health. Understanding these interactions contributes to bee ecology knowledge and has implications for honey bee health management, emphasising the need for further exploration and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Rudra Gouda
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sabtharishi Subramanian
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Aundy Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Yuan S, Sun Y, Chang W, Zhang J, Sang J, Zhao J, Song M, Qiao Y, Zhang C, Zhu M, Tang Y, Lou H. The silkworm (Bombyx mori) gut microbiota is involved in metabolic detoxification by glucosylation of plant toxins. Commun Biol 2023; 6:790. [PMID: 37516758 PMCID: PMC10387059 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbivores have evolved the ability to detoxify feed components through different mechanisms. The oligophagous silkworm feeds on Cudrania tricuspidata leaves (CTLs) instead of mulberry leaves for the purpose of producing special, high-quality silk. However, CTL-fed silkworms are found to have smaller bodies, slower growth and lower silk production than those fed mulberry leaves. Here, we show that the high content of prenylated isoflavones (PIFs) that occurred in CTLs is converted into glycosylated derivatives (GPIFs) in silkworm faeces through the silkworm gut microbiota, and this biotransformation is the key process in PIFs detoxification because GPIFs are found to be much less toxic, as revealed both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, adding Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic to remodel the gut microbiota could beneficially promote silkworm growth and development. Consequently, this study provides meaningful guidance for silk production by improving the adaptability of CTL-fed silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangzhi Yuan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Chang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jifa Sang
- Linyi University, Yishui, Linyi, 276400, P. R. China
| | - Jiachun Zhao
- Linyi University, Yishui, Linyi, 276400, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Song
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Qiao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China.
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Khan KA, Ganeshprasad DN, Sachin HR, Shouche YS, Ghramh HA, Sneharani AH. Gut microbial diversity in Apis cerana indica and Apis florea colonies: a comparative study. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1149876. [PMID: 37252382 PMCID: PMC10213700 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1149876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Honey bee gut microbiota have an important role in host health, nutrition, host-symbiont interaction, and interaction behavior with the surrounding environment. Recent discoveries of strain-level variation, characteristics of protective and nutritional capabilities, and reports of eco-physiological significance to the microbial community have emphasized the importance of honey bee gut microbiota. Many regions of Asia and Africa are inhabited by the dwarf honey bee, Apis florea. Studying its microflora and potential for pollination is therefore of foremost importance. Methods In the present investigation, we aimed to explore the gut bacteriobiome composition of two distinct honey bee species, Apis florea and Apis cerana indica using high throughput sequencing. Functional predictions of bee gut bacterial communities using PICRUSt2 was carried out. Results and discussion The phylum Proteobacteria dominated the bacterial community in both A. cerana indica (50.1%) and A. florea (86.7%), followed by Firmicutes (26.29 and 12.81%), Bacteroidetes (23.19 and 0.04%) and Actinobacteria (0.4 and 0.02%) respectively. The gut bacteria of A. cerana indica was more diverse than that of A. florea. The observed variations in bacterial genomic diversity among these critical pollinator species may have been influenced by the apiary management techniques, ecological adaptation factors or habitat size. These variations can have a significant effect in understanding host-symbiont interactions and functioning of gut microbiota highlighting the importance of metagenomic survey in understanding microbial community ecology and evolution. This is the first comparative study on variation in bacterial diversity between two Asian honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Mahala Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - D. N. Ganeshprasad
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Centre, Mangalore University, Chikka Aluvara, Karnataka, India
| | - H. R. Sachin
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Centre, Mangalore University, Chikka Aluvara, Karnataka, India
| | - Yogesh S. Shouche
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Hamed A. Ghramh
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. H. Sneharani
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Centre, Mangalore University, Chikka Aluvara, Karnataka, India
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Shu Q, Wang Y, Gu H, Zhu Q, Liu W, Dai Y, Li F, Li B. Effects of artificial diet breeding on intestinal microbial populations at the young stage of silkworm (Bombyx mori). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023:e22019. [PMID: 37096338 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an economically important insect and serves as a model organism for Lepidoptera. To investigate the effects of the intestinal microbial population on the growth and development of larvae fed an artificial diet (AD) during the young stages, we analyzed the characteristics of the intestinal microbial population using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Our results revealed that the intestinal flora of the AD group tended to be simple by the 3rd-instar, which Lactobacillus accounting for 14.85% and leading to a decreased pH in the intestinal fluid. In contrast, the intestinal flora of silkworms in the mulberry leaf (ML) group showed continuous growth of diversity, with Proteobacteria accounting for 37.10%, Firmicutes accounting for 21.44%, and Actinobacteria accounting for 17.36%. Additionally, we detected the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes at different instars and found that the activity of digestive enzymes in the AD group increased by larval instar. Protease activity in the AD group was lower during the 1st- to 3rd-instars compared to the ML group, while α-amylase and lipase activities were significantly higher in the AD group during the 2nd- and 3rd-instar compared to the ML group. Furthermore, our experimental results indicated that changes in the intestinal population decreased the pH and affected the activity of proteases, which might contribute to the slower growth and development of larvae in the AD group. In summary, this study provides a reference for investigating the relationship between artificial diet and intestinal flora balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Shu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanfei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoyi Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Suzhou Taihu Snow Silk Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Suzhou Taihu Snow Silk Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Li C, Xu S, Xiang C, Xu S, Zhou Q, Zhang J. The gut microbiota of silkworm are altered by antibiotic exposure. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:2203-2212. [PMID: 36287136 PMCID: PMC9714379 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, antibiotics have frequently been detected in soil, lakes, and rivers. Antibiotic residues in the environment may alter microbial structure and cause bacterial resistance, but their effect on interactions among host microbiota is still poorly understood. To investigate this issue, here we used silkworm (Bombyx mori) fed on antibiotic-treated mulberry leaf as a model to explore the effects of antibiotic exposure on gut bacteria and fungi. We observed that elimination of fungi significantly reduced bacterial richness and diversity in silkworm intestine after exposure to the antifungal amphotericin B, while the elimination of bacteria dramatically increased the richness and diversity of fungi after exposure to the antibacterial ampicillin-streptomycin. Thus, antibiotic-treated mulberry leaf significantly altered the community structure of microbiota in the gut of silkworm. Clearance of gut bacteria enhanced the correlation between gut fungi and leaf-derived fungi, while clearance of gut fungi promoted abnormal proliferation of gut bacteria. These data provide a simple model to explore the comprehensive effect of diet-derived bacteria, fungi, and antibiotics on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityChina,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal EcologyGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Shuo Xu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicalChina
| | - Chunjie Xiang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicalChina
| | - Shixia Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityChina
| | - Qihai Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityChina
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicalChina
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8
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Tan M, Li Y, Xu J, Yan S, Jiang D. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Colonized Populus alba × P. berolinensis Seedlings on the Microbial and Metabolic Status of Gypsy Moth Larvae. INSECTS 2022; 13:1002. [PMID: 36354825 PMCID: PMC9697668 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are considered as important biological factors that can affect insect resistance of plants. Herein, we used AMF-poplar seedlings that could either increase or decrease the resistance to gypsy moth larvae, to elucidate the mechanism of mycorrhizal-induced insect resistance/susceptibility at the larval microbial and metabolic levels. Our results found that larval plant consumption and growth were significantly inhibited in the Glomus mossae (GM)-colonized seedlings, whereas they were enhanced in the Glomus intraradices (GI)-colonized seedlings. GM inoculation reduced the beneficial bacteria abundance in the larval gut and inhibited the detoxification and metabolic functions of gut microbiota. However, GI inoculation improved the larval gut environment by decreasing the pathogenic bacteria and activating specific metabolic pathways. Furthermore, GM inoculation triggers a metabolic disorder in the larval fat body, accompanied by the suppression of detoxification and energy production pathways. The levels of differentially accumulated metabolites related to amino acid synthesis and metabolism and exogenous toxin metabolism pathways were significantly increased in the GI group. Taken together, the disadaptation of gypsy moth larvae to leaves of GM-colonized seedlings led to the GM-induced insect resistance in poplar, and to the GI-induced insect susceptibility involved in the improvement of larval gut environment and fat body energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Tan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yaning Li
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jinsheng Xu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Wang Q, Sun Z, Ma S, Liu X, Xia H, Chen K. Molecular mechanism and potential application of bacterial infection in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:104381. [PMID: 35245606 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a representative species of Lepidoptera, Bombyx mori has been widely studied and applied. However, bacterial infection has always been an important pathogen threatening the growth of silkworms. Bombyx mori can resist various pathogenic bacteria through their own physical barrier and innate immune system. However, compared with other insects, such as Drosophila melanogaster, research on the antibacterial mechanism of silkworms is still in its infancy. This review systematically summarized the routes of bacterial infection in silkworms, the antibacterial mechanism of silkworms after ingestion or wounding infection, and the intestinal bacteria and infection of silkworms. Finally, we will discuss silkworms as a model animal for studying bacterial infectious diseases and screening antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhonghe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hengchuan Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China.
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10
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Li X, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Gao T, Zhao Y, Liu S, Su Q, Wei C, Yang Y, Long Y. Bacillus cereus (EG-Q3) in the Gut of Ectropis grisescens Contributes to Host Response to Starvation Conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:785415. [PMID: 35479626 PMCID: PMC9037983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.785415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut bacteria of insects play an important role in their nutrition, maintenance, and ecological adaption. Ectropis grisescens is the most important leaf-feeding pest in tea gardens in China. In order to explore whether E. grisescens adaptation under starvation stress is related to its gut bacteria, we used a culture-independent method to compare the composition and diversity of their gut bacteria under starvation treatment. The results revealed no significant changes in core gut bacteria composition and diversity within 24 h of starvation. However, non-core gut bacterial Bacillus increased significantly under starvation conditions. B. cereus strain EG-Q3 isolated from the gut of E. grisescens in carbon source-selected medium showed the ability to degrade fat bodies from E. grisescens in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the fat-lowering ratio of E. grisescens fed with B. cereus strain EG-Q3 (6.76 ± 1.281%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.96 ± 0.801%, t = 4.15, df = 8, p < 0.01) after starvation for 4 h. These findings suggest that non-core gut bacterial B. cereus strain EG-Q3 contributes to host adaptation to starvation. Together, this research provides evidence that E. grisescens may benefit from non-core gut bacteria under starvation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Su
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanhua Long
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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11
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Li G, Zheng X, Zhu Y, Long Y, Xia X. Bacillus symbiont drives alterations in intestinal microbiota and circulating metabolites of lepidopteran host. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4049-4064. [PMID: 35191580 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The symbiotic association between bacterial symbionts and insect hosts is a complicated process that is not completely understood. Herein, we used a silkworm model to study the association between symbiotic Bacillus and lepidopteran insect by investigating the changes in intestinal microbiota and hemolymph circulating metabolites of silkworm after symbiotic Bacillus subtilis treatment. Results showed that B. subtilis can generate a variety of primary and secondary metabolites, such as B vitamins and antimicrobial compounds, to provide micronutrients and enhance the pathogen resistance of their insect host. Shifts in the relative abundance of Enterococcus, Brevibacterium, Buttiauxella, Pseudomonas, Brevundimonas, and Limnobacter had significant correlations with the concentrations of differential metabolites (e.g., phospholipids and certain amino acids) in insect hemolymph. The antimicrobial compounds secreted by B. subtilis were the primary driving force for the reconstruction of intestinal microbiota. Meanwhile, the altered levels of circulating metabolites in multiple metabolic pathways were potential an adaptive mechanism of insect hosts in response to the shifts of intestinal microbiota. Our findings provided concrete evidence that bacterial intestinal symbiont can alter the physiological state of insects and highlighted the importance of the compositional alterations of intestinal microbiota as a source of variation in circulating metabolites of insect hosts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yaohang Long
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Xia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Zhong H, Zhang J, Li F, Chen J. Gut microbial communities associated with phenotypically divergent populations of the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker, 1863). Sci Rep 2021; 11:15010. [PMID: 34294783 PMCID: PMC8298391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilo suppressalis (Walker, 1863) is a serious stem borer of rice and water-oat plants, and has phenotypically diverged into rice and water-oat populations. Insect gut microbiota plays an important role in the host life and understanding the dynamics of this complicated ecosystem may improve its biological control. The effect of diet and gut compartments on the gut microflora of divergent populations of C. suppressalis is not fully clear. Herein, we characterized the gut microbiota of C. suppressalis populations fed on two hosts (i.e., water-oats fruit pulps and rice seedlings), by sequencing the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Gut bacterial communities showed variation in relative abundance among C. suppressalis populations fed on water-oats fruit pulps or rice seedlings. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes became the predominant phyla, and Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae and Halomonadaceae were the predominant family in all C. suppressalis populations. The highest bacteria diversity was found in the midgut of the rice population fed on water-oat fruit pulps. Bacterial communities in the midgut were more diverse than those in the hindgut. The bacterial genera distribution showed great differences due to diet types and gut compartments among populations. Our results demonstrated that the host plants tested had a considerable impact on gut bacterial composition of C. suppressalis populations. Additionly, the unique gut morphology and physiological conditions (viz., oxygen content, enzymes) also contributed to variation in microbiomes. In conclusion, our study provided an important insight into investigation of insect-bacteria symbioses, and biocontrol of this species and other related lepidopterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhong
- grid.410744.20000 0000 9883 3553Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 China ,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Juefeng Zhang
- grid.410744.20000 0000 9883 3553Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 China ,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Fang Li
- grid.410744.20000 0000 9883 3553Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 China ,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Jianming Chen
- grid.410744.20000 0000 9883 3553Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 China ,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Hangzhou, 310021 China
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13
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Das S, Gaur NK, Shaikh OH, Kumbhar US. Feeding gastrostomy stoma site cutaneous myiasis: a rare entity. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/7/e244352. [PMID: 34301709 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Infestation of any dead or necrotic tissues by the larvae of flies (maggots) is myiasis. This form of habitation is not restricted to any particular tissues in the body and can occur anywhere. However, myiasis at the surgical stoma site is very rare. We present a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with metastatic carcinoma of the oesophagus who underwent feeding gastrostomy (FG). The patient later presented with worms at the FG site. We removed the FG tube, cleared all the maggots, thoroughly cleaned the wound and placed a new FG tube. Although its occurrences have been reported enough in medical history, there are only two documented cases of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy stoma site myiasis. Hence, we present the first case in the literature of cutaneous myiasis around an FG stoma site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasis Das
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Gaur
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Oseen Hajilal Shaikh
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Uday Shamrao Kumbhar
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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14
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Yeruva T, Vankadara S, Ramasamy S, Lingaiah K. Identification of Potential Probiotics in the Midgut of Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori Through Metagenomic Approach. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:635-640. [PMID: 31401774 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms play an important role in the growth and development of numerous insect species. The mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera), harbors several bacteria in its midgut aiding the metabolic processes; however, the variability of bacterial spp. present in the midgut and their role(s) in the growth and development of the silkworm are poorly understood. The present work compares the diversity of midgut bacterial communities in silkworms of variable voltinism (Pure Mysore, PM: multivoltine; CSR2: bivoltine and PM × CSR2: crossbreed) through metagenomics. The predominance of Enterococcus (30.30%) followed by Bacillus (16.96%) was observed in PM, whereas Lactobacillus (56.56%) followed by Enterococcus (10.58%) was seen only in CSR2. Interestingly, crossbreed midgut harbored diverse bacterial communities (36.21% Lactobacillus, 25.94% Bacillus, 8.1% Enterococcus, and 18.37% uncultured bacteria). Metagenomic profiles indicate variability in the gut bacterial population in different kinds of silkworms influencing the physiological activities accordingly. The dominant bacteria, particularly lactobacilli, bacilli, and enterococci could be further explored for identifying the potential probiotic consortia based on a literature survey and potential involvement in nutrient absorption, disease/stress tolerance, and improved economic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirupathaiah Yeruva
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570008, India.
| | - Sivaprasad Vankadara
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570008, India
| | - Sumathy Ramasamy
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570008, India
| | - Kusuma Lingaiah
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570008, India
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15
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Sangannavar PA, Kumar JS, Subrahmanyam G, Kutala S. Genomics and omics tools to assess complex microbial communities in silkworms: A paradigm shift towards translational research. J Microbiol Methods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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MsangoSoko K, Gandotra S, Chandel RK, Sharma K, Ramakrishinan B, Subramanian S. Composition and Diversity of Gut Bacteria Associated with the Eri Silk Moth, Samia ricini, (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) as Revealed by Culture-Dependent and Metagenomics Analysis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1367-1378. [PMID: 32522967 PMCID: PMC9728191 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2002.02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The polyphagous eri silk moth, Samia ricini, is associated with various symbiotic gut bacteria believed to provide several benefits to the host. The larvae of S. ricini were subjected to isolation of gut bacteria using culture-dependent 16S rRNA generic characterization, metagenomics analysis and qualitative enzymatic assays. Sixty culturable aerobic gut bacterial isolates comprising Firmicutes (54%) and Proteobacteria (46%); and twelve culturable facultative anaerobic bacteria comprising Proteobacteria (92%) and Firmicutes (8%) were identified inhabiting the gut of S. ricini. The results of metagenomics analysis revealed the presence of a diverse community of both culturable and un-culturable gut bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria (60%) and Firmicutes (20%) associated with seven orders. An analysis of the results of culturable isolation indicates that these bacterial isolates inhabited all the three compartments of the gut. Investigation on persistence of bacteria coupled with metagenomics analysis of the fifth instar suggested that bacteria persist in the gut across the different instar stages. In addition, enzymatic assays indicated that 48 and 75% of culturable aerobic, and 75% of anaerobic gut bacterial isolates had cellulolytic, lipolytic and nitrate reductase activities, thus suggesting that they may be involved in food digestion and nutritional provision to the host. These bacterial isolates may be good sources for profiling novel genes and biomolecules for biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondwani MsangoSoko
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Sakshi Gandotra
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Chandel
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Kirti Sharma
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | | | - Sabtharishi Subramanian
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India,Corresponding author Phone: +91-01125842482 +91-8076595366 E-mail:
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17
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Isolation, optimization and molecular characterization of lipase producing bacteria from contaminated soil. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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18
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Ojha A, Zhang W. A comparative study of microbial community and dynamics of Asaia in the brown planthopper from susceptible and resistant rice varieties. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:139. [PMID: 31234788 PMCID: PMC6591912 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper (BPH) is likely the most destructive, piercing and sucking monophagous insect pest of rice that causes substantial economic losses to farmers. Although yeast-like symbionts (YLS) and virus transmission have been observed in the BPH, the bacterial population inhabiting the BPH has received minimal research attention. Labelling BPH-associated bacterial species may shed light on BPH biology and the interaction between the BPH and rice to provide novel approaches for the efficient control of this insect pest. RESULTS We examined RNA-seq results to identify bacterial populations present in different generations of BPHs maintained on susceptible or resistant rice varieties. Overall, 87 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined from the BPH-F0, F6 and F16 generations. These OTUs had Shannon and Simpson index values of 0.37-0.6 and 0.56-1.19, respectively. The evenness values of 0.7-1.00 showed the vastness of the bacterial diversity recovered from the BPH samples. The results showed high species diversity in the BPHs collected from susceptible rice and a high number of members of unclassified bacteria in the BPHs isolated from resistant rice. We noticed that Proteobacteria OTUs were predominant across all samples. Furthermore, PCR data of Asaia species showed variable DNA amplification across the BPH samples collected from susceptible or resistant varieties. The identification of Asaia in BPH eggs and BPH-egg-infected rice revealed its influence on the interaction between the BPH egg and rice. CONCLUSIONS The BPHs had clear differences in their microbiomes and in their ability to feed on different rice hosts. These variations could have an essential impact on host adaptation and interaction. These results provide a better understanding of the bacterial diversity and interaction of the microbiome of different generations of BPHs. Furthermore, PCR data of Asaia sp. variation across the BPH samples (isolated from different host genotypes selected from the field and laboratory, including BPH eggs and egg-infected rice tissues), suggest that Asaia could be an important member of the insect microbiome involved in adaptation, its interaction with rice and, most importantly, as a paratransgenic tool for insect control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ojha
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Wu HX, Chen X, Chen H, Lu Q, Yang Z, Ren W, Liu J, Shao S, Wang C, King-Jones K, Chen MS. Variation and diversification of the microbiome of Schlechtendalia chinensis on two alternate host plants. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200049. [PMID: 30408037 PMCID: PMC6224032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schlechtendalia chinensis, a gall-inducing aphid, has two host plants in its life cycle. Its wintering host is a moss (typically Plagiomnium maximoviczii) and its main host is Rhus chinensis (Sumac), on which it forms galls during the summer. This study investigated bacteria associated with S. chinensis living on the two different host plants by sequencing 16S rRNAs. A total of 183 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) from 50 genera were identified from aphids living on moss, whereas 182 OTUs from 49 genera were found from aphids living in Sumac galls. The most abundant bacterial genus among identified OTUs from aphids feeding on both hosts was Buchnera. Despite similar numbers of OTUs, the composition of bacterial taxa showed significant differences between aphids living on moss and those living on R. chinensis. Specifically, there were 12 OTUs from 5 genera (family) unique to aphids living on moss, and 11 OTUs from 4 genera (family) unique to aphids feeding in galls on R. chinensis. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) also revealed that bacteria from moss-residing aphids clustered differently from aphids collected from galls. Our results provide a foundation for future analyses on the roles of symbiotic bacteria in plant-aphid interactions in general, and how gall-specific symbionts differ in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Wu
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Zixiang Yang
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Weibin Ren
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Shuxia Shao
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China.,Southwest Forestry University, Bailongsi, Kunming City, Yunnan, PR. China
| | - Kirst King-Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Biological Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ming-Shun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
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20
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Liu R, Wang W, Liu X, Lu Y, Xiang T, Zhou W, Wan Y. Characterization of a Lipase From the Silkworm Intestinal Bacterium Bacillus pumilus With Antiviral Activity Against Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Nucleopolyhedrovirus In Vitro. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5160786. [PMID: 30395292 PMCID: PMC6215977 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether Bombyx mori Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) intestinal microorganism play a role in the host defence system against viral pathogens, a lipase gene from the silkworm intestinal bacterium Bacillus pumilus SW41 was characterized, and antiviral activity of its protein against B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) was tested. The lipase gene has an open-reading frame of 648 bp, which encodes a 215-amino-acid enzyme with a 34-amino-acid signal peptide. The recombinant lipase (without signal peptide) was expressed and purified by using an Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) expression system. The total enzyme activity of this recombinant lipase reached 277.40 U/mg at the optimum temperature of 25°C and optimum pH value of 8.0. The antiviral test showed that a relative high concentration of the recombinant lipase reduced BmNPV infectivity in vitro, which resulted in decreased viral DNA abundance and viral occlusion bodies. Besides, the preincubation method also suggested that the lipase probably directly acting on the budded virions. The results suggest that the lipase from intestinal bacterium B. pumilus SW41 is a potential antiviral factor for silkworm against BmNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Liu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Xiang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongji Wan
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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21
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Gandotra S, Kumar A, Naga K, Bhuyan PM, Gogoi DK, Sharma K, Subramanian S. Bacterial community structure and diversity in the gut of the muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), from India. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 27:603-619. [PMID: 29663550 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis, is exclusively present in the northeastern regions of India and rearing of this silkworm is a vocation unique to this region in the world. Through culture-dependent techniques, generic identification using 16S ribosomal RNA probes, diversity analysis and qualitative screening for enzyme activities, our studies have identified a number of bacterial isolates, viz. Bacillus spp., Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Acinetobacter sp. and Alcaligens sp., inhabiting the gut of the muga silkworm. Analysis of the culturable bacterial community from the gut of An. assamensis revealed that Bacillus (54%) was the predominant bacterial genus followed by Serratia (24%), Pseudomonas (10%) and Alcaligens (6%). Significant differences in the Shannon-Wiener (H') and Simpson (D) diversity indices of gut bacteria were recorded for An. assamensis collected from different regions. H' and D values were found to be highest for An. assamensis from the Titabar region (H' = 4.73 ± 0.43; D = 10.00 ± 0.11) and lowest for individuals from the Mendipathar region (H' = 2.1 ± 0.05; D = 0.04 ± 0.00) of northeastern India. Qualitative screening for enzyme activities identified about 26 gut bacterial isolates having significantly higher cellulose, amylase and lipase activities. These isolates probably contribute to the digestion and nutrition of their host insect, An. assamensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gandotra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Naga
- Division of Entomology, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - P M Bhuyan
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Jorhat, India
| | - D K Gogoi
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Jorhat, India
| | - K Sharma
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S Subramanian
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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22
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Dong HL, Zhang SX, Chen ZH, Tao H, Li X, Qiu JF, Cui WZ, Sima YH, Cui WZ, Xu SQ. Differences in gut microbiota between silkworms ( Bombyx mori) reared on fresh mulberry ( Morus alba var. multicaulis) leaves or an artificial diet. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26188-26200. [PMID: 35541943 PMCID: PMC9082819 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial diets for silkworms have many potential applications and they are important in sericulture. However, the challenges of weak larvae and low silk protein synthesis efficiency in silkworms reared on artificial diets have not been resolved. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to analyse the differences between the gut microbiota of 5th-instar larvae reared on mulberry leaves and larvae reared on an artificial diet. The results showed that at the phylum level, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria are the dominant bacteria in the intestines of silkworm larvae of all the strains. But the abundance of dominant bacteria in the gut microbiota differed between the silkworm strains that were reared on mulberry leaves, as well as between the silkworm strains that were reared on the artificial diet, while the gut microbiota diversity was lower in the silkworm strains that were reared on the artificial diet. Prediction of the functions of the gut microbiota in the hosts indicated that there was no significant difference between the silkworm strains that were reared on mulberry leaves, while there were significant differences between silkworm strains reared on the artificial diet. When the silkworm diet changed from mulberry leaves to the artificial diet, changes in gut microbiota in the silkworms affected host nutrient metabolism and immune resistance. These changes may be related to the adaptation of silkworms to their long evolutionary history of eating mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Dong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong 271018 China
| | - Zhuo-Hua Chen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hui Tao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jian-Feng Qiu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wen-Zhao Cui
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yang-Hu Sima
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NEAER), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wei-Zheng Cui
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong 271018 China
| | - Shi-Qing Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NEAER), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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Bacteria encountered in raw insect, spider, scorpion, and centipede taxa including edible species, and their significance from the food hygiene point of view. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Briones-Roblero CI, Rodríguez-Díaz R, Santiago-Cruz JA, Zúñiga G, Rivera-Orduña FN. Degradation capacities of bacteria and yeasts isolated from the gut of Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 62:1-9. [PMID: 27544667 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) feed on the xylem and phloem of their host, which are composed of structural carbohydrates and organic compounds that are not easily degraded by the insects. Some of these compounds might be hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes produced by microbes present in the gut of these insects. In this study, we evaluated the enzymatic capacity of bacteria (Acinetobacter lwoffii, Arthrobacter sp., Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas azotoformans, and Rahnella sp.) and yeasts (Candida piceae, Candida oregonensis, Cyberlindnera americana, Zygoascus sp., and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) isolated from the Dendroctonus rhizophagus gut to hydrolyze cellulose, xylan, pectin, starch, lipids, and esters. All isolates, with the exception of C. piceae, showed lipolytic activity. Furthermore, P. putida, P. azotoformans, C. americana, C. piceae, and R. mucilaginosa presented amylolytic activity. Esterase activity was shown by A. lwoffii, P. azotoformans, and Rahnella sp. Cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities were present only in Arthrobacter sp. and P. azotoformans. The pectinolytic activity was not recorded in any isolate. This is the first study to provide evidence on the capacity of microbes associated with the D. rhizophagus gut to hydrolyze specific substrates, which might cover part of the nutritional requirements for the development, fitness, and survival of these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos I Briones-Roblero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - José A Santiago-Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico
| | - Flor N Rivera-Orduña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Prol. Carpio Esq. Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, C. P. 11340, México D. F, Mexico.
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25
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Berasategui A, Shukla S, Salem H, Kaltenpoth M. Potential applications of insect symbionts in biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:1567-1577. [PMID: 26659224 PMCID: PMC4737797 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic interactions between insects and microorganisms are widespread in nature and are often the source of ecological innovations. In addition to supplementing their host with essential nutrients, microbial symbionts can produce enzymes that help degrade their food source as well as small molecules that defend against pathogens, parasites, and predators. As such, the study of insect ecology and symbiosis represents an important source of chemical compounds and enzymes with potential biotechnological value. In addition, the knowledge on insect symbiosis can provide novel avenues for the control of agricultural pest insects and vectors of human diseases, through targeted manipulation of the symbionts or the host-symbiont associations. Here, we discuss different insect-microbe interactions that can be exploited for insect pest and human disease control, as well as in human medicine and industrial processes. Our aim is to raise awareness that insect symbionts can be interesting sources of biotechnological applications and that knowledge on insect ecology can guide targeted efforts to discover microorganisms of applied value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Berasategui
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
- Biochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Shantanu Shukla
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Hassan Salem
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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26
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Li GN, Xia XJ, Zhao HH, Sendegeya P, Zhu Y. Identification and Characterization of Bacillus cereus SW7-1 in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2015; 15:iev121. [PMID: 26411789 PMCID: PMC4626674 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial diseases of silkworms cause significant reductions in sericulture and result in huge economic loss. This study aimed to identify and characterize a pathogen from diseased silkworm. SW7-1, a pathogenic bacterial strain, was isolated from the diseased silkworm. The strain was identified on the basis of its bacteriological properties and 16S rRNA gene sequence. The colony was round, slightly convex, opaque, dry, and milky on a nutrient agar medium, the colony also exhibited jagged edges. SW7-1 was Gram-positive, without parasporal crystal, and 0.8-1.2 by 2.6-3.4 µm in length, resembling long rods with rounded ends. The strain was positive to most of the physiological biochemical tests used in this study. The strain could utilize glucose, sucrose, and maltose. The results of its 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that SW7-1 shared the highest sequence identity (>99%) with Bacillus cereus strain 14. The bacterial strain was highly susceptible to gentamycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin and moderately susceptible to tetracycline and rifampicin. It exhibited resistance to other antibiotics. SW7-1 had hemolytic activity and could produce extracellular casease, lipase, and amylase. SW7-1 could reproduce septicemia-like symptoms with high mortality rate when re-fed to healthy silkworm. .The median lethal concentration (LC50) was 5.45 × 10(4) cfu/ml. Thus, SW7-1 was identified as B. cereus, which is a pathogen for silkworm and human infections are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Li
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xue-Juan Xia
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhao
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Parfait Sendegeya
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing 400716, China
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Skowron MA, Guzow-Krzemińska B, Barańska S, Jędrak P, Węgrzyn G. A rapidly progressing, deadly disease of Actias selene (Indianmoonmoth) larvae associated with a mixed bacterial and baculoviral infection. J Biosci 2015; 40:487-95. [PMID: 26333395 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of an infectious disease in captive-bred Lepidoptera can cause death of all the caterpillars within days. A mixed baculoviral-bacterial infection observed among Actias selene (Hubner 1807), the Indian moon moth (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), larvae was characterized and followed by a photographic documentation of the disease progression. The etiological agents were determined using mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It appeared that the disease was caused by a mixed infection of larvae with a baculovirus and Morganella morganii. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the virus and microbiological description of the pathogenic bacterium are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Skowron
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland,
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Lin XL, Pan QJ, Tian HG, Douglas AE, Liu TX. Bacteria abundance and diversity of different life stages of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), revealed by bacteria culture-dependent and PCR-DGGE methods. INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 22:375-385. [PMID: 26013400 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial abundance and diversity of different life stages (fourth instar larvae, pupae and adults) of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., collected from field and reared in laboratory, were investigated using bacteria culture-dependent method and PCR-DGGE analysis based on the sequence of bacteria 16S rRNA V3 region gene. A large quantity of bacteria was found in all life stages of P. xylostella. Field population had higher quantity of bacteria than laboratory population, and larval gut had higher quantity than pupae and adults. Culturable bacteria differed in different life stages of P. xylostella. Twenty-five different bacterial strains were identified in total, among them 20 strains were presented in larval gut, only 8 strains in pupae and 14 strains in adults were detected. Firmicutes bacteria, Bacillus sp., were the most dominant species in every life stage. 15 distinct bands were obtained from DGGE electrophoresis gel. The sequences blasted in GenBank database showed these bacteria belonged to six different genera. Phylogenetic analysis showed the sequences of the bacteria belonged to the Actinobacteri, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Serratia sp. in Proteobacteria was the most abundant species in larval gut. In pupae, unculturable bacteria were the most dominant species, and unculturable bacteria and Serratia sp. were the most dominant species in adults. Our study suggested that a combination of molecular and traditional culturing methods can be effectively used to analyze and to determine the diversity of gut microflora. These known bacteria may play important roles in development of P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin-Jian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Gang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Angela E Douglas
- Department of Entomology and Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Endosymbiotic Bacteria Associated with the Mealy Bug, Rhizoecus amorphophalli (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:268491. [PMID: 27355014 PMCID: PMC4897479 DOI: 10.1155/2014/268491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mealy bug, Rhizoecus amorphophalli, is a menace to the aroid farmers due to the intensive infestation on stored tubers. Spraying of pesticides was able to control this pest but it always left a chance for fungal growth. Bacterial endosymbionts associated with the insects provide several benefits to their host. Since such endosymbionts play a vital role even in the physiology of their host, revealing the types of bacteria associated with mealy bug will give basic information, which may throw light on the management of this noxious pest. The present study is the first to identify bacterial endosymbionts associated with R. amorphophalli employing phenotypic characterization and 16S rDNA sequencing. Three culturable bacteria, namely, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus gallinarum, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, were isolated from R. amorphophalli. Moreover, the antibiotic susceptibility tests against the isolated bacteria showed that all the isolates were susceptible to the three antibiotics tested, except cephalexin. Recently, endosymbionts are used as effective biocontrol agents (BCAs) and the present study will stand as a connecting link in identification and effective utilization of these endosymbionts as BCAs for management of R. amorphophalli.
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Bansal R, Mian MAR, Michel AP. Microbiome diversity of Aphis glycines with extensive superinfection in native and invasive populations. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 6:57-69. [PMID: 24596263 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Associations among insects and microbes can lead to beneficial or parasitic interactions. Using 454 sequencing of 16S RNA genes, we compared microbiome diversity and abundance among field-collected (F) and laboratory-reared (L) populations of the invasive soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), a pest of soybean. Additionally, we screened A. glycines populations from native (Japan, South Korea and China) and invasive regions (North America) to broadly determine the microbiome diversity. Our results suggested that Arsenophonus (relative abundance of 54.6%), Buchnera (38.7%) and Wolbachia (3.7%) were the major bacteria associated with A. glycines. Arsenophonus was the most abundant in F populations but was significantly reduced in L populations; additional bacteria species also had lower relative abundances in L populations. Native and invasive populations were largely similar in bacteria communities and revealed substantial superinfection of Arsenophonus and Wolbachia. The lone exception was a lack of Arsenophonus in A. glycines from Japan. Divergent selection pressures among natural and laboratory populations were inferred as factors driving the differential bacterial communities observed. Our results will allow for improved comparative aphid-symbiont research and broaden our understanding of the interactions among insects, endosymbionts and their environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Bansal
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
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