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Karimi F, Dinarvand N, Sabaghan M, Azadbakht O, Ataee S, Kharazinejad E, Moazamfard M. Diabetes and ovarian cancer: risk factors, molecular mechanisms and impact on prognosis. Endocrine 2024; 83:1-9. [PMID: 37552417 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Diabetes mellitus has been linked to a lower rate of cancer survival and an increase in the incidence of most malignancies. Investigations showed that diabetes might affect ovarian cancer (OC) prognosis and survival. Based on the current information, this study intends to review the risk factors, molecular pathways, and impact of diabetes on OC. METHODS The data was derived from online databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria were original studies, which included the risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and impact of diabetes on OC. The effect of different antidiabetic drugs was also discussed in this manuscript. All of the clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies were included in the present study. RESULTS The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus negatively affects the survival and prognosis in OC cases. The epidemiologic data shows that the risk of OC increases in patients with diabetes mellitus compared to the healthy population. Insulin-like growth factors family was raised in diabetic patients, which target several mechanisms, including targeting oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and tumor markers. Antidiabetic drugs such as metformin, sitagliptin, and rosiglitazone have a promising effect on elongation of survival and enhancement of prognosis in OC patients. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for OC in women, and it negatively impacts survival and prognosis. Molecular mechanisms such as IGF family, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines have been identified to explain this relationship. Antidiabetic drugs like metformin, sitagliptin, and rosiglitazone have shown promise in improving survival and prognosis of OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Karimi
- Department of Physiology, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Negar Dinarvand
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sabaghan
- Department of Parasiotology, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Omid Azadbakht
- Department of Radiology Technology, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Shima Ataee
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kharazinejad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Moazamfard
- Instructor of Operating Room, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
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2
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Shao M, Jiang L, Meng Z, Xu J. Computational Drug Repurposing Based on a Recommendation System and Drug-Drug Functional Pathway Similarity. Molecules 2022; 27:1404. [PMID: 35209193 PMCID: PMC8878172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing identifies new clinical indications for existing drugs. It can be used to overcome common problems associated with cancers, such as heterogeneity and resistance to established therapies, by rapidly adapting known drugs for new treatment. In this study, we utilized a recommendation system learning model to prioritize candidate cancer drugs. We designed a drug-drug pathway functional similarity by integrating multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations such as gene expression, copy number variation (CNV), and DNA methylation. When compared with other similarities, such as SMILES chemical structures and drug targets based on the protein-protein interaction network, our approach provided better interpretable models capturing drug response mechanisms. Furthermore, our approach can achieve comparable accuracy when evaluated with other learning models based on large public datasets (CCLE and GDSC). A case study about the Erlotinib and OSI-906 (Linsitinib) indicated that they have a synergistic effect to reduce the growth rate of tumors, which is an alternative targeted therapy option for patients. Taken together, our computational method characterized drug response from the viewpoint of a multi-omics pathway and systematically predicted candidate cancer drugs with similar therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Shao
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Applied Mathematics, Changsha University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Leiming Jiang
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Applied Mathematics, Changsha University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jianzhen Xu
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China
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3
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Li SS, Ip CKM, Tang MYH, Tang MKS, Tong Y, Zhang J, Hassan AA, Mak ASC, Yung S, Chan TM, Ip PP, Lee CL, Chiu PCN, Lee LTO, Lai HC, Zeng JZ, Shum HC, Wong AST. Sialyl Lewis x-P-selectin cascade mediates tumor-mesothelial adhesion in ascitic fluid shear flow. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2406. [PMID: 31160622 PMCID: PMC6547673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-specific colonization suggests that specific cell–cell recognition is essential. Yet, very little is known about this particular interaction. Moreover, tumor cell lodgement requires binding under shear stress, but not static, conditions. Here, we successfully isolate the metastatic populations of cancer stem/tumor-initiating cells (M-CSCs). We show that the M-CSCs tether more and roll slower than the non-metastatic (NM)-CSCs, thus resulting in the preferential binding to the peritoneal mesothelium under ascitic fluid shear stress. Mechanistically, this interaction is mediated by P-selectin expressed by the peritoneal mesothelium. Insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 carrying an uncommon non-sulfated sialyl-Lewisx (sLex) epitope serves as a distinct P-selectin binding determinant. Several glycosyltransferases, particularly α1,3-fucosyltransferase with rate-limiting activity for sLex synthesis, are highly expressed in M-CSCs. Tumor xenografts and clinical samples corroborate the relevance of these findings. These data advance our understanding on the molecular regulation of peritoneal metastasis and support the therapeutic potential of targeting the sLex-P-selectin cascade. Tumor cell in the peritoneum are often exposed to shear forces generated by ascitic flow during metastasis. Here, the authors show that metastatic cancer stem cells tether more and roll slower than the non-metastatic counterparts, and that sialyl-Lewisx -P-selectin axis mediates peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Carman K M Ip
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew Y H Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Maggie K S Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yin Tong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jiangwen Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ayon Ahmed Hassan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Abby S C Mak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tak-Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Philip P Ip
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Centre of Reproduction Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Zhang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Alice S T Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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4
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Hsu CF, Huang HS, Chen PC, Ding DC, Chu TY. IGF-axis confers transformation and regeneration of fallopian tube fimbria epithelium upon ovulation. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:597-609. [PMID: 30852161 PMCID: PMC6441876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fallopian tube fimbria is regarded as the main tissue of origin and incessant ovulation as the main risk factor of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Previously, we discovered the tumorigenesis activity of human ovulatory follicular fluid (FF) upon injection to the mammary fat pad of Trp53-null mice. We also found a mutagenesis activity of FF-ROS and a apoptosis-rescuing activity of Hb from retrograde menstruation. However, neither of them can explain the tumorigenesis activities of FF. Methods From two cohorts of ovulatory FF retrieved from IVF patients, the main growth factor responsible for the transformation of human fimbrial epithelial cells was identified. Mechanism of activation, ways of signal transduction of the growth factor, as well as the cellular and genetic phenotypes of the malignant transformation was characterized. Findings In this study, we showed that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis proteins, including IGFBP-bound IGF2 as well as the IGFBP-lytic enzyme PAPP-A, are abundantly present in FF. Upon engaging with glycosaminoglycans on the membrane of fimbrial epithelial cells, PAPP-A cleaves IGFBPs and releases IGF2 to bind with IGF-1R. Through the IGF-1R/AKT/mTOR and IGF-1R/AKT/NANOG pathways, FF-IGF leads to stemness and survival, and in the case of TP53/Rb or TP53/CCNE1 loss, to clonal expansion and malignant transformation of fimbrial epithelial cells. By depleting each IGF axis component from FF, we proved that IGF2, IGFBP2/6, and PAPP-A are all essential and confer the majority of the transformation and regeneration activities. Interpretation This study revealed that the FF–IGF axis functions to regenerate tissue damage after ovulation and promote the transformation of fimbrial epithelial cells that have been initiated by p53- and Rb-pathway disruptions. Fund The study was supported by grants of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 106-2314-B-303-001-MY2; MOST 105-2314-B-303-017-MY2; MOST 107-2314-B-303-013-MY3), and Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taiwan (TCMMP104-04-01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Fang Hsu
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Shun Huang
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pao-Chu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medical Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.
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5
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is most lethal malignancy among all gynecological cancer. Large bodies of evidences suggest that mitochondrial-derived ROS play a critical role in the development and progression of OC. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a membrane-associated lactonase with anti-oxidant properties. PON2 deficiency aggravates mitochondrial ROS formation, systemic inflammation, and atherosclerosis. The role of PON2 in cancer development remains unknown. In this report, in human, we identified that PON2 expression is higher in early stages (but not in late stages) of OC when compared to normal tissue. Using a mouse xenograft model of OC, we demonstrate that overexpression of PON2 prevents tumor formation. Mechanistically, PON2 decreases OC cell proliferation by inhibiting insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression and signaling. Intriguingly, PON2 reduces c-Jun-mediated transcriptional activation of IGF-1 gene by decreasing mitochondrial superoxide generation. In addition, PON2 impairs insulin like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in OC cells by altering cholesterol homeostasis, which resulted in reduced caveolin-1/IGF-1R interaction and IGF-1R phosphorylation. Taken together, we report for the first time that PON2 acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stage of OC by reducing IGF-1 production and its signaling, indicating PON2 activation might be a fruitful strategy to inhibit early stage ovarian tumor.
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6
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O'Flanagan CH, O'Shea S, Lyons A, Fogarty FM, McCabe N, Kennedy RD, O'Connor R. IGF-1R inhibition sensitizes breast cancer cells to ATM-related kinase (ATR) inhibitor and cisplatin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56826-56841. [PMID: 27472395 PMCID: PMC5302955 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the IGF-1 signalling axis is clearly a roadblock in targeting this receptor in cancer therapy. Here, we sought to identify mediators of resistance, and potential co-targets for IGF-1R inhibition. By using an siRNA functional screen with the IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) BMS-754807 in MCF-7 cells we identified several genes encoding components of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways as mediators of resistance to IGF-1R kinase inhibition. These included ATM and Ataxia Telangiectasia and RAD3-related kinase (ATR). We also observed a clear induction of DDR in cells that were exposed to IGF-1R TKIs (BMS-754807 and OSI-906) as indicated by accumulation of γ-H2AX, and phosphorylated Chk1. Combination of the IGF-1R/IR TKIs with an ATR kinase inhibitor VE-821 resulted in additive to synergistic cytotoxicity compared to either drug alone. In MCF-7 cells with stably acquired resistance to the IGF-1R TKI (MCF-7-R), DNA damage was also observed, and again, dual inhibition of the ATR kinase and IGF-1R/IR kinase resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity. Interestingly, dual inhibition of ATR and IGF-1R was more effective in MCF-7-R cells than parental cells. IGF-1R TKIs also potentiated the effects of cisplatin in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Overall, our findings identify induction of DDR by IGF-1R kinase inhibition as a rationale for co-targeting the IGF-1R with ATR kinase inhibitors or cisplatin, particularly in cells with acquired resistance to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara H O'Flanagan
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sandra O'Shea
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Amy Lyons
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionola M Fogarty
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nuala McCabe
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Richard D Kennedy
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rosemary O'Connor
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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7
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Oza A, Kaye S, Van Tornout J, Sessa C, Gore M, Naumann RW, Hirte H, Colombo N, Chen J, Gorla S, Poondru S, Singh M, Steinberg J, Yuen G, Banerjee S. Phase 2 study evaluating intermittent and continuous linsitinib and weekly paclitaxel in patients with recurrent platinum resistant ovarian epithelial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 149:275-282. [PMID: 29454514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linsitinib, an oral, dual inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor, in combination with weekly paclitaxel, may improve clinical outcomes compared with paclitaxel alone in patients with refractory or platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This open-label phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT00889382) randomized patients with refractory or platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (1:1:1) to receive either oral intermittent linsitinib (600mg once daily on Days 1-3 per week) combined with paclitaxel (80mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, and 15; Arm A) or continuous linsitinib (150mg twice daily) in combination with paclitaxel (Arm B), or paclitaxel alone (Arm C). Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety/tolerability. RESULTS A total of 152 women were randomized to treatment (n=51 Arm A; n=51 Arm B, n=50 Arm C). In combination with paclitaxel, neither intermittent linsitinib (median PFS 2.8months; 95% confidence interval [CI]:2.5-4.4) nor continuous linsitinib (median PFS 4.2months; 95% CI:2.8-5.1) improved PFS over weekly paclitaxel alone (median PFS 5.6months; 95% CI:3.2-6.9). No improvement in ORR, DCR, or OS in either linsitinib dosing schedule was observed compared with paclitaxel alone. Adverse event (AE) rates, including all-grade and grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs, and treatment-related AEs leading to discontinuation, were higher among patients receiving intermittent linsitinib compared with the other treatment arms. CONCLUSION Addition of intermittent or continuous linsitinib with paclitaxel did not improve outcomes in patients with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer compared with paclitaxel alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Stanley Kaye
- The Royal Marsden and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Cristiana Sessa
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martin Gore
- The Royal Marsden and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Wendel Naumann
- Levine Cancer Institute at Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Hal Hirte
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jihong Chen
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, IL, USA
| | - Seema Gorla
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Geoff Yuen
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, IL, USA
| | - Susana Banerjee
- The Royal Marsden and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Jackson AL, Sun W, Kilgore J, Guo H, Fang Z, Yin Y, Jones HM, Gilliam TP, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. Phenformin has anti-tumorigenic effects in human ovarian cancer cells and in an orthotopic mouse model of serous ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100113-100127. [PMID: 29245964 PMCID: PMC5725006 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have been associated with increased risk and worse outcomes in ovarian cancer (OC). The biguanide metformin is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and is also believed to have anti-tumorigenic benefits. Metformin is highly hydrophilic and requires organic cation transporters (OCTs) for entry into human cells. Phenformin, another biguanide, was taken off the market due to an increased risk of lactic acidosis over metformin. However, phenformin is not reliant on transporters for cell entry; and thus, may have increased potency as both an anti-diabetic and anti-tumorigenic agent than metformin. Thus, our goal was to evaluate the effect of phenformin on established OC cell lines, primary cultures of human OC cells and in an orthotopic mouse model of high grade serous OC. In three OC cell lines, phenformin significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, induced cell cycle G1 arrest and apoptosis, caused cellular stress, inhibited adhesion and invasion, and activation of AMPK and inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Phenformin also exerted anti-proliferative effects in seven primary cell cultures of human OC. Lastly, phenformin inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse model of serous OC, coincident with decreased Ki-67 staining and phosphorylated-S6 expression and increased expression of caspase 3 and phosphorylated-AMPK. Our findings demonstrate that phenformin has anti-tumorigenic effects in OC as previously demonstrated by metformin but it is yet to be determined if it is superior to metformin for the potential treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Jackson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua Kilgore
- Houston Methodist Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Fang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah M. Jones
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy P. Gilliam
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L. Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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9
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Han J, Wysham WZ, Zhong Y, Guo H, Zhang L, Malloy KM, Dickens HK, Huh G, Lee D, Makowski L, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. Increased efficacy of metformin corresponds to differential metabolic effects in the ovarian tumors from obese versus lean mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110965-110982. [PMID: 29340030 PMCID: PMC5762298 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for ovarian cancer (OC) and associated with worse outcomes for this disease. We assessed the anti-tumorigenic effects of metformin in human OC cell lines and a genetically engineered mouse model of high grade serous OC under obese and lean conditions. Metformin potently inhibited growth in a dose-dependent manner in all four human OC cell lines through AMPK/mTOR pathways. Treatment with metformin resulted in G1 arrest, induction of apoptosis, reduction of invasion and decreased hTERT expression. In the K18-gT121+/-; p53fl/fl; Brca1fl/fl (KpB) mouse model, metformin inhibited tumor growth in both lean and obese mice. However, in the obese mice, metformin decreased tumor growth by 60%, whereas tumor growth was only decreased by 32% in the lean mice (p=0.003) compared to vehicle-treated mice. The ovarian tumors from obese mice had evidence of impaired mitochondrial complex 2 function and energy supplied by omega fatty acid oxidation rather than glycolysis as compared to lean mice, as assessed by metabolomic profiling. The improved efficacy of metformin in obesity corresponded with inhibition of mitochondrial complex 1 and fatty acid oxidation, and stimulation of glycolysis in only the OCs of obese versus lean mice. In conclusion, metformin had anti-tumorigenic effects in OC cell lines and the KpB OC pre-clinical mouse model, with increased efficacy in obese versus lean mice. Detected metabolic changes may underlie why ovarian tumors in obese mice have heightened susceptibility to metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weiya Z Wysham
- Legacy Medical Group, Gynecologic Oncology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yan Zhong
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Kim M Malloy
- Virginia Tech/Carilion Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hallum K Dickens
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gene Huh
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Insulin growth factor (IGF) 1, IGF-binding proteins and ovarian cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas 2016; 94:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Craig ER, Londoño AI, Norian LA, Arend RC. Metabolic risk factors and mechanisms of disease in epithelial ovarian cancer: A review. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 143:674-683. [PMID: 27751590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epithelial ovarian cancer continues to be the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. Patients with both diabetes mellitus and obesity have poorer outcomes, yet research correlating metabolic abnormalities, such as metabolic syndrome, to ovarian cancer risk and outcomes is lacking. This article reviews the literature regarding metabolic derangements and their relationship to epithelial ovarian cancer, with a focus on potential mechanisms behind these associations. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles in the English language regarding epithelial ovarian cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, with a focus on studies conducted since 1990. RESULTS Obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome have been associated with poor outcomes in epithelial ovarian cancer. More studies investigating the relationship between metabolic syndrome and epithelial ovarian cancer are needed. A variety of pathologic factors may contribute to cancer risk in patients with metabolic derangements, including altered adipokine and cytokine expression, altered immune responses to tumor cells, and changes in pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways. CONCLUSION More research is needed to examine the effects of metabolic syndrome on epithelial ovarian cancer risk and mortality, as well as the underlying pathophysiologies in patients with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome that may be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Craig
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Angelina I Londoño
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in cancerogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 772:78-104. [PMID: 28528692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family components in carcinogenesis of several human tumors is based on numerous epidemiological and pre-clinical studies, experiments in vivo and in vitro and on attempts at application of drugs affecting the IGF axis. Investigative hypotheses in original studies were based on biological functions manifested by the entire family of IGF (ligands, receptors, linking proteins, adaptor molecules). In the context of carcinogenesis the most important functions of IGF family involve intensification of proliferation and inhibition of cell apoptosis and effect on cell transformation through synthesis of several regulatory proteins. IGF axis controls survival and influences on metastases of cells. Interactions of IGF axis components may be of a direct or indirect nature. The direct effects are linked to activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, in which the initiating role is first of all played by IGF-1 and IGF-1R. Activity of this signaling pathway leads to an increased mitogenesis, cell cycle progression, and protection against different apoptotic stresses. Indirect effects of the axis depend on interactions between IGF and other molecules important for cancer etiology (e.g. sex hormones, products of suppressor genes, viruses, and other GFs) and the style of life (nutrition, physical activity). From the clinical point of view, components of IGF system are first of all considered as diagnostic serous and/or tissue biomarkers of a given cancer, prognostic factors and attractive target of modern anti-tumor therapies. Several mechanisms in which IGF system components act in the process of carcinogenesis need to be clarified, mainly due to multifactorial etiology of the neoplasms. Pin-pointing of the role played in carcinogenesis by any single signaling pathway remains particularly difficult. The aim of this review is to summarize the current data of several epidemiological studies, experiments in vitro and on animal models, to increase our understanding of the complex role of IGF family components in the most common human cancers.
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13
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Braczkowski R, Białożyt M, Plato M, Mazurek U, Braczkowska B. Expression of insulin-like growth factor family genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2016; 20:130-6. [PMID: 27358591 PMCID: PMC4925729 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2016.58720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Despite significant progress in the pathology of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), diagnostic and predictive factors of major importance have not been discovered. Some hopes are associated with insulin-like growth factors. The aim of the study was to compare the expression of genes for insulin-like growth factor family in tumours and in tissue of kidneys without cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-two patients years with clear cell renal cell cancer were qualified to the study group; patients nephrectomised because of hydronephrosis were included in the control group. Expression of genes were evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS Expression of IGFR-1 gene in tumour accounts for about 60% of cases. The incidence is higher than in corresponding adjacent non-cancerous kidney tissues and higher (but with no statistical significance) than in kidney without cancer. Expression of IGFR-2 gene in tumours has not been established. The incidence of the expression in corresponding adjacent non-cancerous kidney tissues is small. Expression of this gene has been present in all specimens from kidneys without cancer. Expression of IGFBP-3 gene ascertained in all (except four) cases of ccRCC and in the majority of clippings from adjacent tissue. It was not found in kidneys from the control group. IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGFR-1 mRNA copy numbers in ccRCC were higher than in the material from the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Braczkowski
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Marta Plato
- Department of Pharmaclogy, School of Medicine, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacology, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Braczkowska
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine Katowice, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
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14
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English DP, Menderes G, Black J, Schwab CL, Santin AD. Molecular diagnosis and molecular profiling to detect treatment-resistant ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:769-82. [PMID: 27169329 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1188692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial ovarian cancer remains the gynecologic tumor with the highest rate of recurrence after initial optimal cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Unfortunately, with the development of recurrent ovarian cancer often comes the discovery of chemo-resistant disease. The absence of improvement in long term survival, notwithstanding the use of newer agents as is seen in other cancers, emphasizes the need for improved understanding of the processes that lead to chemo-resistant disease. AREAS COVERED This review will cover the following topics: 1. Molecular and cellular mechanisms in platinum and paclitaxel resistance 2. Other molecular mediators of chemo-resistance 3. Expression of stem cell markers in ovarian cancer and relationship to chemo-resistance 4. MicroRNA and long non-coding RNA expression in chemo-resistant ovarian cancer 5. Determination of chromosomal aberrations as markers of chemo-resistance 6. Molecular profiling in chemo-resistant disease. A standard MEDLINE search was performed using the key words; ovarian cancer, chemo-resistant disease, molecular profiling, cancer stem cells and chemotherapy. Expert Commentary: Over the next few years the challenge remains to precisely determine the mechanisms responsible for the onset and maintenance of chemo-resistance and to effectively target these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P English
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Gulden Menderes
- b Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Jonathan Black
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Carlton L Schwab
- b Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- b Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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15
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Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGF) and IGF-Binding Proteins (IGFBP) in the Serum of Patients with Ovarian Tumors. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:814-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Macaulay VM, Middleton MR, Eckhardt SG, Rudin CM, Juergens RA, Gedrich R, Gogov S, McCarthy S, Poondru S, Stephens AW, Gadgeel SM. Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Linsitinib (OSI-906) and Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2897-907. [PMID: 26831715 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cross-talk between type I IGF receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor (INSR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediates resistance to individual receptor blockade. This study aimed to determine the MTD, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary antitumor activity of linsitinib, a potent oral IGF1R/INSR inhibitor, with EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This open-label, dose-escalation study investigated linsitinib schedules S1: once daily intermittent (days 1-3 weekly); S2, once daily continuous; S3, twice-daily continuous; each with erlotinib 100-150 mg once daily; and a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) expansion cohort. RESULTS Ninety-five patients were enrolled (S1, 44; S2, 24; S3, 12; expansion cohort, 15) and 91 treated. Seven experienced dose-limiting toxicities: QTc prolongation (3), abnormal liver function (2), hyperglycemia (1), and anorexia (1). Common adverse events included drug eruption (84%), diarrhea (73%), fatigue (68%), nausea (58%), vomiting (40%). MTDs for linsitinib/erlotinib were 450/150 mg (S1), 400/100 mg (S2). On the basis of prior monotherapy data, S3 dosing at 150 mg twice daily/150 mg once daily was the recommended phase II dose for the expansion cohort. There was no evidence of drug-drug interaction. Pharmacodynamic data showed IGF-1 elevation and reduced IGF1R/INSR phosphorylation, suggesting pathway inhibition. Across schedules, 5/75 (7%) evaluable patients experienced partial responses: spinal chordoma (268+ weeks), rectal cancer (36 weeks), three NSCLCs including 2 adenocarcinomas (16, 72 weeks), 1 squamous wild-type EGFR NSCLC (36 weeks). Disease control (CR+PR+SD) occurred in 38 of 75 (51%), and 28 of 91 (31%) patients were on study >12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The linsitinib/erlotinib combination was tolerable with preliminary evidence of activity, including durable responses in cases unlikely to respond to erlotinib monotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2897-907. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine M Macaulay
- University Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark R Middleton
- University Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Dale OT, Aleksic T, Shah KA, Han C, Mehanna H, Rapozo DCM, Sheard JDH, Goodyear P, Upile NS, Robinson M, Jones TM, Winter S, Macaulay VM. IGF-1R expression is associated with HPV-negative status and adverse survival in head and neck squamous cell cancer. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:648-55. [PMID: 25896444 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are treated with surgery, radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy, but survival from locally-advanced disease remains poor, particularly in patients whose tumors are negative for Human papillomavirus (HPV). Type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) is known to promote tumorigenesis and resistance to cancer therapeutics. Here, we assessed IGF-1R immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing 852 cores from 346 HNSCC patients with primary tumors in the oropharynx (n = 231), larynx (85), hypopharynx (28), oral cavity (2). Of these, 236 (68%) were HPV-negative, 110 (32%) positive. IGF-1R was detected in the cell membrane of 36% and cytoplasm of 92% of HNSCCs; in 64 cases with matched normal tonsillar epithelium, IGF-1R was overexpressed in the HNSCCs (P < 0.001). Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were reduced in patients whose tumors contained high membrane IGF-1R [OS: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.63, P = 0.006; DSS: HR = 1.63, P = 0.016], cytoplasmic IGF-1R (OS: HR = 1.58, P = 0.009; DSS: HR = 1.58, P = 0.024) and total IGF-1R (OS: HR = 2.02, P < 0.001; DSS: HR = 2.2, P < 0.001). High tumor IGF-1R showed significant association with high-tumor T-stage (P < 0.001) and HPV-negativity (P < 0.001), and was associated with shorter OS when considering patients with HPV-positive (P = 0.01) and negative (P = 0.006) tumors separately. IGF-1R was independently associated with survival in multivariate analysis including HPV, but not when lymphovascular invasion, perineural spread and T-stage were included. Of these factors, only IGF-1R can be manipulated; the association of IGF-1R with aggressive disease supports experimental incorporation of anti-IGF-1R agents into multimodality treatment programs for HPV-negative and high IGF-1R HPV-positive HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T Dale
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK, The Blenheim Head and Neck Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK, Present address: ENT Department, University Hospital Bristol, Bristol BS2 8EG, UK
| | - Tamara Aleksic
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Ketan A Shah
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Cheng Han
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (INHANSE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Davy C M Rapozo
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (INHANSE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jon D H Sheard
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Paul Goodyear
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK and
| | - Navdeep S Upile
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK and
| | - Max Robinson
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK
| | - Terence M Jones
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK and
| | - Stuart Winter
- The Blenheim Head and Neck Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Valentine M Macaulay
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK,
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE The obese population in the United States is reaching epic proportions, and obesity is linked to an increased risk for several cancers including gynecologic cancers. Obesity is not only a risk factor but also a marker of poor prognosis. It is crucial to develop novel treatment strategies to target this population. Metformin is a biguanide drug, typically used for diabetes treatment, currently being studied to evaluate its role in the treatment and prevention of gynecologic cancers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review the underlying biologic mechanisms of metformin's antitumorigenic effects. We assessed the epidemiologic and preclinical data that support the use of metformin in patients with endometrial and ovarian cancer. Finally, we reviewed current clinical trials that incorporate metformin as a prevention or treatment strategy for gynecologic cancers. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A thorough search of PubMed for all current literature was performed. All preclinical, clinical, and epidemiologic reviews were evaluated across all cancers, with a focus on gynecologic cancer. RESULTS The preclinical, epidemiologic, and clinical data evaluated in this review are strongly supportive of the use of metformin for the prevention and treatment of gynecologic cancer. On the basis of these data, centers are currently enrolling for clinical trials using metformin in patients diagnosed with gynecologic malignancies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The data supporting the use of metformin in the prevention and treatment of cancers are building, including that of endometrial and ovarian cancer. The association between obesity, insulin resistance, as well as increased risk and poor outcomes in endometrial and ovarian cancer patients makes metformin an attractive agent for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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Gershtein E, Kushlinskii N. Clinical prospects of IGF-signaling system components study in ovarian cancer patients. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2015; 30:75-85. [PMID: 25941918 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2014-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Among various auto/paracrine growth-regulating signaling pathways an important role belongs to that of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin. IGF-signaling system is actively involved in the regulation of both normal ovarian function and ovarian tumor growth. On the one hand, all members of this system are expressed in malignant ovarian epithelial cells, and the prognostic significance of this expression has been revealed for some of them in ovarian cancer patients in several studies. On the other hand, circulating IGFs/IGFBPs levels have not been undoubtedly associated with ovarian cancer risk or disease progression, but some of them can be regarded as supplementary serological ovarian cancer markers. An important route to the clinical application of IGF-signaling system studies in ovarian cancer is the growing possibility of using specific molecular targeted agents to suppress its growth-stimulating and other activities. However, the introduction of such agents to practical oncology has met serious problems, with the main difficulties resulting from the absence of reliable predictive molecular markers and metabolic side effects due to the tight connection between IGF-signaling and insulin-regulated processes. The prognostic and diagnostic values of various IGF system components and the current state of corresponding molecular targeted therapies development for ovarian cancer are reviewed.
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20
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Seto KKY, Andrulis IL. Atypical protein kinase C zeta: potential player in cell survival and cell migration of ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123528. [PMID: 25874946 PMCID: PMC4397019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most aggressive gynaecological cancers, thus understanding the different biological pathways involved in ovarian cancer progression is important in identifying potential therapeutic targets for the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential roles of Protein Kinase C Zeta (PRKCZ) in ovarian cancer. The atypical protein kinase C isoform, PRKCZ, is involved in the control of various signalling processes including cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell motility, all of which are important for cancer development and progression. Herein, we observe a significant increase in cell survival upon PRKCZ over-expression in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells; additionally, when the cells are treated with small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting PRKCZ, the motility of SKOV3 cells decreased. Furthermore, we demonstrate that over-expression of PRKCZ results in gene and/or protein expression alterations of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Collectively, our study describes PRKCZ as a potential regulatory component of the IGF1R and ITGB3 pathways and suggests that it may play critical roles in ovarian tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. Y. Seto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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21
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Ribeiro JR, Freiman RN. Estrogen signaling crosstalk: Implications for endocrine resistance in ovarian cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:160-73. [PMID: 24565562 PMCID: PMC4127339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to anti-estrogen therapies is a prominent challenge in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Tumors develop endocrine resistance by acquiring adaptations that help them rely on alternative oncogenic signaling cascades, which crosstalk with estrogen signaling pathways. An understanding of estrogen signaling crosstalk with these growth promoting cascades is essential in order to maximize efficacy of anti-estrogen treatments in ovarian cancer. Herein, we provide an overview of estrogen signaling in ovarian cancer and discuss the major challenges associated with anti-estrogen therapies. We also review what is currently known about how genomic and non-genomic estrogen signaling pathways crosstalk with several major oncogenic signaling cascades. The insights provided here illustrate existing strategies for targeting endocrine resistant ovarian tumors and may help identify new strategies to improve the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Ribeiro
- Brown University, Pathobiology Graduate Program, 70 Ship St., Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Richard N Freiman
- Brown University, Pathobiology Graduate Program, 70 Ship St., Providence, RI 02903, USA; Brown University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, 70 Ship St., Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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22
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Agulló-Ortuño MT, Díaz-García CV, Agudo-López A, Pérez C, Cortijo A, Paz-Ares L, López-Ríos F, Pozo F, de Castro J, Cortés-Funes H, López Martín JA. Relevance of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor gene expression as a prognostic factor in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:43-53. [PMID: 25081930 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Signalling through the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is implicated in carcinogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to cytotoxic cancer therapies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of IGF-1R expression in surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and responses to IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor NVP-ADW742 in a panel of lung cancer cell lines. METHODS Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR in 115 NSCLC samples and in a panel of 6 NSCLC cell lines. Cytotoxicity experiments with IGF-1R inhibitor and conventional systemic drugs such as paclitaxel in cell lines were realised. RESULTS Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) was differentially expressed across histologic subtypes, with the lowest levels observed in squamous cell tumours. Median survival was longer in patients with squamous tumour histology expressing low IGF-1R levels. In multivariable analysis, ageing and high tumour stage were significant predictors of worse overall survival. The hazard of death was lower in patients with squamous histology and low IGF-1R gene expression. There was no correlation between IGF-1R expression and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in cell lines tested. However, combination drug treatment resulted in synergistically enhanced antiproliferative effects on several cell lines. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IGF-1R is a potential target for therapy in NSCLC patients. Combination therapies will have an important role in treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Agulló-Ortuño
- Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Córdoba S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Huang YF, Cheng WF, Wu YP, Cheng YM, Hsu KF, Chou CY. Circulating IGF system and treatment outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:217-29. [PMID: 24273235 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aggressive epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) frequently progress and become fatal, even when cytoreduction surgery plus platinum-based chemotherapy are performed. Thus, the early detection of high-risk subgroups is important in order to provide opportunities for better treatment outcomes, using alternative therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to explore the expression of circulating IGF system components and their relationship with treatment outcome in EOC. We included 228 patients with a median follow-up time of 44 months at two tertiary centers. There were 68 cancer deaths and 108 cases of cancer progression in the cohort. Preoperative serum levels of total IGF1, IGF2, IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), and IGFBP3 were analyzed using an ELISA and were then converted into an IGF1:IGFBP3 molar ratio. The risks of mortality and progression were estimated using Cox regression models in univariate and multivariate analyses. Our results showed that high IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP3 levels were significantly associated with an early cancer stage, non-serous histology, and optimal cytoreduction. High IGFBP2 levels were associated with an advanced stage and serous histology. Overall and progression-free survival durations were significantly better among patients with high IGF1 (P=0.003 and P=0.001), IGF2 (P=0.003 and P=0.02), or IGFBP3 levels (P=0.02 and P=0.008). In multivariate analysis, serum IGFBP2 levels were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio=1.84, 95% CI: 1.07-3.18, P=0.03), indicating that IGFBP2 could be used as an early predictor of EOC-related mortality. The combination of elevated IGFBP2 and reduced IGF1 levels at diagnosis could further facilitate the identification of a patient subgroup with the worst prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Center for Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Tang J, Li J, Zeng G, Tang Y, Tian W, He J, York JP, Xia X. Antisense oligonucleotide suppression of human IGF-1R inhibits the growth and survival of in vitro cultured epithelial ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:71. [PMID: 24103397 PMCID: PMC3851551 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical evaluation of the anti-neoplastic activity of antisense oligonucleotide (AS) suppression of human insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods Ovarian cancer cells from 36 patients with EOC were investigated under serum-free tissue culture conditions. IGF-I production was evaluated by standard ELISA. IGF-IR and phosphorylated IRS-1, AKT, and MAP kinase expression and protein levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Cancer cell growth and proliferation assays were performed in triplicates using MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNNEL assay. Results All ovarian cancer tissue samples tested produced IGF-I and expressed IGF-IR, supporting the existence of an autocrine loop. Treatment of primary ovarian cancer cell lines with an IGF-1R AS inhibited growth and proliferation and decreased clonogenicity in soft agar assay. AS treatment was demonstrated to inhibit the expression of IGF-1R and decrease the concentration of phosphorylated IRS-1, AKT, and MAP kinase signaling protein downstream of the IGF-IR. We also observed that the IGF-1R AS sensitized cancer cell lines to cisplatin in vitro through the PI3K pathway. Conclusions IGF-IR enhances the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human ovarian cancer cells and inhibition of IGF-IR by AS oligonucleotide treatment potentiates the activity of cisplatin in vitro. Therefore, IGF-1R is a potential molecular target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xianjiahu Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China.
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Hwang KA, Park MA, Kang NH, Yi BR, Hyun SH, Jeung EB, Choi KC. Anticancer effect of genistein on BG-1 ovarian cancer growth induced by 17 β-estradiol or bisphenol A via the suppression of the crosstalk between estrogen receptor α and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:637-46. [PMID: 23933164 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between estrogen receptor (ER) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathway plays an important role in proliferation of and resistance to endocrine therapy to estrogen dependent cancers. Estrogen (E2) upregulates the expression of components of IGF-1 system and induces the downstream of mitogenic signaling cascades via phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). In the present study, we evaluated the xenoestrogenic effect of bisphenol A (BPA) and antiproliferative activity of genistein (GEN) in accordance with the influence on this crosstalk. BPA was determined to affect this crosstalk by upregulating mRNA expressions of ERα and IGF-1R and inducing phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt in protein level in BG-1 ovarian cancer cells as E2 did. In the mouse model xenografted with BG-1 cells, BPA significantly increased a tumor burden of mice and expressions of ERα, pIRS-1, and cyclin D1 in tumor mass compared to vehicle, indicating that BPA induces ovarian cancer growth by promoting the crosstalk between ER and IGF-1R signals. On the other hand, GEN effectively reversed estrogenicity of BPA by reversing mRNA and protein expressions of ERα, IGF-1R, pIRS-1, and pAkt induced by BPA in cellular model and also significantly decreased tumor growth and in vivo expressions of ERα, pIRS-1, and pAkt in xenografted mouse model. Also, GEN was confirmed to have an antiproliferative effect by inducing apoptotic signaling cascades. Taken together, these results suggest that GEN effectively reversed the increased proliferation of BG-1 ovarian cancer by suppressing the crosstalk between ERα and IGF-1R signaling pathways upregulated by BPA or E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea
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Kang NH, Hwang KA, Lee HR, Choi DW, Choi KC. Resveratrol regulates the cell viability promoted by 17β-estradiol or bisphenol A via down-regulation of the cross-talk between estrogen receptor α and insulin growth factor-1 receptor in BG-1 ovarian cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:373-9. [PMID: 23810794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and estrogens appear to promote development of estrogen-dependent cancers, including breast and ovarian carcinomas. In this study, we evaluated the cell viability effect of BPA on BG-1 human ovarian cancer cells, along with the growth inhibitory effect of resveratrol (trans-3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene; RES), a naturally occurring phytoestrogen. In addition, we investigated the underlying mechanism(s) of BPA and RES in regulating the interaction between estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signals, a non- genomic pathway induced by 17β-estradiol (E2). BPA induced a significant increase in BG-1 cell growth and up-regulated mRNA levels of ERα and IGF-1R. In parallel with its mRNA level, the protein expression of ERα was induced, and phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS-1), phosphorylated Akt1/2/3, and cyclin D1 were increased by BPA or E2. However, RES effectively reversed the BG-1 cell proliferation induced by E2 or BPA by inversely down-regulating the expressions of ERα, IGF-1R, p-IRS-1, and p-Akt1/2/3, and cyclin D1 at both transcriptional and translational levels. Taken together, these results suggest that RES is a novel candidate for prevention of tumor progression caused by EDCs, including BPA via effective inhibition of the cross-talk of ERα and IGF-1R signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Hee Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Westin SN, Herzog TJ, Coleman RL. Investigational agents in development for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:213-29. [PMID: 22661305 PMCID: PMC4103697 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although significant success has been achieved in the treatment of advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer, there is clearly room for improvement. The use of targeted agents in this patient population has the promise to provide improved survival and quality of life. There are a myriad of relevant pathways under exploration in all settings of ovarian cancer. Clinical trial data are accumulating for antiangiogenic therapy, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-specific inhibitors and multiple angiogenic signaling target inhibitors, as well as poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Other types of tumorigenic pathway inhibitors, including those that target phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (AKT), Src, folate receptor alpha, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathways are in earlier phases of development for ovarian cancer. Attempts to target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of ovarian tumors have been met with limited success; however, newer agents that inhibit this pathway show promise. Finally, with recognition of the role of Wee-1 in p53-deficient tumors, an inhibitor of this tyrosine kinase is being evaluated in recurrent ovarian cancer. The logistical challenge is to determine the optimal timing and proper combinations of novel agents independently as well as concomitantly with conventional chemotherapeutics. Reported results have been modest; however, our growing understanding of these pathways will be potentially reflected in greater impact on response and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Bruchim I, Werner H. Targeting IGF-1 signaling pathways in gynecologic malignancies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:307-20. [PMID: 23294364 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.749863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The signaling pathways of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) have been implicated in the etiology of a number of epithelial neoplasms including prostate, breast, colon and more recently, gynecologic cancers. The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is expressed in most transformed cells, where it displays potent anti-apoptotic, cell-survival and potentially, transforming activities. IGF-1R expression and activation are typical hallmarks associated with tumor initiation and progression. Multiple approaches have been used to abrogate IGF-1R signaling for targeted cancer therapy including antibodies and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These novel IGF-1R targeting agents have produced significant experimental and clinical results in many cancers and generated considerable optimism in the field of cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED The authors will review important research advances regarding the role of the IGF axis in cancer, particularly preclinical and clinical studies in cervical, uterine and ovarian cancers. The significance of tumor expression and circulating levels of the IGF pathway as well as targeting therapies of the IGF axis in the gynecologic cancers will be discussed. EXPERT OPINION Accumulating data confirm that the IGF-1R pathway has an important role in gynecologic cancers and in vivo and in vitro studies have shown a significant impact of IGF-1R targeted therapies in these malignancies, mainly ovarian and endometrial cancers. Currently, ongoing preclinical and clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of IGF-1R targeting. A better understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the regulation of the IGF system will improve the ability to develop effective treatment modalities for these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Bruchim
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Lau MT, Leung PCK. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway mediates insulin-like growth factor 1-induced E-cadherin down-regulation and cell proliferation in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 326:191-8. [PMID: 22922215 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is produced by ovarian cancer cells and it has been suggested that it plays an important role in tumor progression. In this study, we report that IGF1 treatment down-regulated E-cadherin by up-regulating E-cadherin transcriptional repressors, Snail and Slug, in human ovarian cancer cells. The pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) suggests that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is required for IGF1-induced E-cadherin down-regulation. Moreover, IGF1 up-regulated Snail and Slug expression via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Finally, IGF1-induced cell proliferation was abolished by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism in which IGF1 down-regulates E-cadherin expression through the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and the up-regulation of Snail and Slug in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Tat Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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The insulin and igf-I pathway in endocrine glands carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:635614. [PMID: 22927847 PMCID: PMC3423951 DOI: 10.1155/2012/635614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine cancers are a heterogeneous group of diseases that may arise from endocrine cells in any gland of the endocrine system. These malignancies may show an aggressive behavior and resistance to the common anticancer therapies. The etiopathogenesis of these tumors remains mostly unknown. The normal embryological development and differentiation of several endocrine glands are regulated by specific pituitary tropins, which, in adult life, control the function and trophism of the endocrine gland. Pituitary tropins act in concert with peptide growth factors, including the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which are considered key regulators of cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. While pituitary TSH is regarded as tumor-promoting factor for metastatic thyroid cancer, the role of other pituitary hormones in endocrine cancers is uncertain. However, multiple molecular abnormalities of the IGF system frequently occur in endocrine cancers and may have a role in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor progression and resistance to therapies. Herein, we will review studies indicating a role of IGF system dysregulation in endocrine cancers and will discuss the possible implications of these findings for tumor prevention and treatment, with a major focus on cancers from the thyroid, adrenal, and ovary, which are the most extensively studied.
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Diaz-Padilla I, Malpica AL, Minig L, Chiva LM, Gershenson DM, Gonzalez-Martin A. Ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma: A comprehensive update. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 126:279-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dalamaga M, Diakopoulos KN, Mantzoros CS. The role of adiponectin in cancer: a review of current evidence. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:547-94. [PMID: 22547160 PMCID: PMC3410224 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excess body weight is associated not only with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) but also with various types of malignancies. Adiponectin, the most abundant protein secreted by adipose tissue, exhibits insulin-sensitizing, antiinflammatory, antiatherogenic, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties. Circulating adiponectin levels, which are determined predominantly by genetic factors, diet, physical activity, and abdominal adiposity, are decreased in patients with diabetes, CVD, and several obesity-associated cancers. Also, adiponectin levels are inversely associated with the risk of developing diabetes, CVD, and several malignancies later in life. Many cancer cell lines express adiponectin receptors, and adiponectin in vitro limits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Recent in vitro studies demonstrate the antiangiogenic and tumor growth-limiting properties of adiponectin. Studies in both animals and humans have investigated adiponectin and adiponectin receptor regulation and expression in several cancers. Current evidence supports a role of adiponectin as a novel risk factor and potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer. In addition, either adiponectin per se or medications that increase adiponectin levels or up-regulate signaling pathways downstream of adiponectin may prove to be useful anticancer agents. This review presents the role of adiponectin in carcinogenesis and cancer progression and examines the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the association between adiponectin and malignancy in the context of a dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity. Understanding of these mechanisms may be important for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against obesity-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon General University Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Shen H, Fang Y, Dong W, Mu X, Liu Q, Du J. IGF-1 receptor is down-regulated by sunitinib induces MDM2-dependent ubiquitination. FEBS Open Bio 2011; 2:1-5. [PMID: 23650573 PMCID: PMC3642090 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin like growth factor receptor subtype 1(IGF-1R) plays an important role in cancers transformation and progression. The aim is to investigate the effects of sunitinib on IGF-1R cell signaling transduction, especially on receptor phosphorylation and ubiquitination. In HEK293 cells, IGF-1R signaling pathways are activated in response to IGF-1, which induces obvious phosphorylations of receptor tyrosine and Akt, ERK. However, the phosphorylations of receptor tyrosine, Akt and ERK were significant inhibited by sunitinib. We found that both IGF-1 and sunitinib obviously down regulated the IGF-1R expression. For analysis the ubiquitination, HEK293 cells were simulated with 100 ng/ml IGF-1 or 10 nM sunitinib for 10 min after serum starvation for 24 h. Both IGF-1 and sunitinib could obviously induce the IGF-1R ubiquitination at 10 min compared with control (only serum free, no stimulation), indicating IGF-1 and sunitinib down-regulate the IGF-1R by increasing the receptor degradation through ubiquitination dependent proteasome pathway. We also found that MDM2 combined to IGF-1R in response to sunitinib stimulation. To confirm it, HEK293 cells were transfected with human HA-MDM2 (+MDM2) or siRNA to MDM2 (−MDM2). Following 24 h serum starvation, cells were stimulated with 10 nM sunitinib for 10 min. In over-expressed MDM2 cells, IGF-1R was more ubiquitinated than that in mock-transfected cells (control), and no ubiquitination in −MDM2 cells. These results mean that sunitinib mediates ubiquitination of IGF-1R dependent on MDM2. In summary, sunitinib could block signaling transduction and mediate degradation of IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
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King ER, Zu Z, Tsang YTM, Deavers MT, Malpica A, Mok SC, Gershenson DM, Wong KK. The insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway is a potential therapeutic target for low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 123:13-8. [PMID: 21726895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the overexpression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R) in low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC), and to investigate whether the IGF-1 pathway is a potential therapeutic target for low-grade SOC. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed on serous borderline ovarian tumors (SBOTs) and low-grade SOC, and overexpression of IGF-1 in low-grade SOC was validated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The effect of exogenous IGF-1 on cell proliferation was determined in cell lines by cell proliferation assays, cell migration assays, and Western blot. Signaling pathways downstream of IGF-1 and the effects of the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 were investigated by Western blot analysis and by generating IGF-1R short hairpin RNA stable knockdown cell lines. Low- and high-grade cell lines were treated with the dual IGF-1R- and insulin receptor-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitor OSI-906, and cellular proliferation was measured. RESULTS mRNA analysis and immunostaining revealed significantly higher IGF-1 expression in low-grade SOCs than in SBOTs or high-grade SOCs. In response to exogenous treatment with IGF-1, low-grade cell lines exhibited more intense upregulation of phosphorylated AKT than did high-grade cell lines, an effect that was diminished with IGF-1R knockdown and MK-2206 treatment. Low-grade SOC cell lines were more sensitive to growth inhibition with OSI-906 than were high-grade cell lines. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 is overexpressed in low-grade SOCs compared with SBOTs and high-grade SOCs. Additionally, low-grade SOC cell lines were more responsive to IGF-1 stimulation and IGF-1R inhibition than were high-grade lines. The IGF-1 pathway is therefore a potential therapeutic target in low-grade SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R King
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Pearce CL, Doherty JA, Van Den Berg DJ, Moysich K, Hsu C, Cushing-Haugen KL, Conti DV, Ramus SJ, Gentry-Maharaj A, Menon U, Gayther SA, Pharoah PDP, Song H, Kjaer SK, Hogdall E, Hogdall C, Whittemore AS, McGuire V, Sieh W, Gronwald J, Medrek K, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Chenevix-Trench G, Beesley J, Webb PM, Berchuck A, Schildkraut JM, Iversen ES, Moorman PG, Edlund CK, Stram DO, Pike MC, Ness RB, Rossing MA, Wu AH. Genetic variation in insulin-like growth factor 2 may play a role in ovarian cancer risk. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:2263-72. [PMID: 21422097 PMCID: PMC3090188 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling axis plays an important role in cancer biology. We hypothesized that genetic variation in this pathway may influence risk of ovarian cancer. A three-center study of non-Hispanic whites including 1880 control women, 1135 women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer and 321 women with borderline epithelial ovarian tumors was carried out to test the association between tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) (n=58) in this pathway and risk of ovarian cancer. We found no association between variation in IGF1, IGFBP1 or IGFBP3 and risk of invasive disease, whereas five tSNPs in IGF2 were associated with risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer at P<0.05 and followed-up one of the associated SNPs. We conducted genotyping in 3216 additional non-Hispanic white cases and 5382 additional controls and were able to independently replicate our initial findings. In the combined set of studies, rs4320932 was associated with a 13% decreased risk of ovarian cancer per copy of the minor allele carried (95% confidence interval 0.81-0.93, P-trend=7.4 × 10(-5)). No heterogeneity of effect across study centers was observed (p(het)=0.25). IGF2 is emerging as an important gene for ovarian cancer; additional genotyping is warranted to further confirm these associations with IGF2 and to narrow down the region harboring the causal SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Lu L, Schwartz P, Scarampi L, Rutherford T, Canuto EM, Yu H, Katsaros D. MicroRNA let-7a: a potential marker for selection of paclitaxel in ovarian cancer management. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 122:366-71. [PMID: 21571355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Let-7 is a family of small non-coding RNAs regulating the expression of many genes that control important cellular activities. Let-7 is shown in vitro to sensitize cancer cells to platinum, but induce ovarian cancer resistance to paclitaxel. This study aims to investigate the effect of let-7a expression on survival outcomes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients treated with different chemotherapy. METHODS Let-7a expression was measured with qRT-PCR in ovarian tumors of 178 EOC patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy with and without paclitaxel after surgery. Survival analysis was performed to assess the effects of let-7a and chemotherapy on disease outcomes. RESULTS Let-7a expression was detectable in the EOC samples, but the expression was not associated with disease stage, tumor grade, histology and debulking results. Patients who responded to platinum with paclitaxel had significantly lower let-7a than those who did not. Survival analyses showed that patients with high let-7a had better survival compared to those with low let-7a when they were treated with platinum without paclitaxel. The hazards ratios (HRs) for death and disease progression were 0.52 (95% CI: 0.29-0.96) and 0.48 (0.26-0.89) for high let-7a when compared to low let-7a, respectively. However, when patients were treated with platinum and paclitaxel, high let-7a was associated with worse progression-free and overall survival. The HRs for death and disease progression were 3.87 (95% CI: 1.28-11.66) and 3.48 (95% CI: 1.25-9.67) for high let-7a when compared to low let-7a, respectively. Further studies showed that among patients with low let-7a, those treated with paclitaxel in addition to platinum survived better than those treated without paclitaxel [adjusted-HRs were 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15-0.66) for death and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.22-0.75) for disease], while among those with high let-7a, the two types of treatment made no difference in patient survival. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that the beneficial impact of the addition of paclitaxel on EOC survival was significantly linked to let-7a levels, and that miRNAs such as let-7a may be a useful marker for selection of chemotherapeutic agents in EOC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA
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Cheung LWT, Mak ASC, Cheung ANY, Ngan HYS, Leung PCK, Wong AST. P-cadherin cooperates with insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor to promote metastatic signaling of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in ovarian cancer via p120 catenin. Oncogene 2011; 30:2964-74. [PMID: 21317933 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a potent prometastatic factor in ovarian cancer, but the intracellular signaling events are not well understood. The classical Gα(q)-phospholipase C signal transduction pathway known to operate in the pituitary is not involved in GnRH actions at non-pituitary targets. Here we showed that GnRH treatment of ovarian cancer cells led to a rapid and remarkable tyrosine phosphorylation of p120 catenin (p120(ctn)), which was mediated by P-cadherin. The use of P-cadherin small interfering RNA or neutralizing antibodies to inhibit P-cadherin expression and function resulted in diminished p120(ctn) activation, confirming that the effect was P-cadherin specific. On exploring how P-cadherin, which lacks intrinsic kinase activity, might regulate the activation of p120(ctn), we found that P-cadherin could induce the ligand-independent activation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Inhibition of IGF-1R expression or its activity significantly inhibited GnRH-induced p120(ctn) activation, and the subsequent cell migration and invasion. In addition, we showed that IGF-1R regulation by P-cadherin was associated with complex formation between IGF-1R and P-cadherin, and this regulation was also observed to be in vivo correlated with metastasis. Furthermore, using a mouse model of ovarian cancer metastasis, GnRH receptor knockdown was shown to diminish peritoneal dissemination of tumors and ascites formation. These findings suggest for the first time that GnRH can initiate an outside-in p120(ctn) signal transduction through the cross-talk between P-cadherin and IGF-1R, thus providing a novel molecular mechanism by which GnRH may control the high level of aggressiveness and invasion and metastasis potential that are characteristic of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W T Cheung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zhu Y, Fariña JB, Meshack S, Santoveña A, Patel S, Oliva A, Llabrés M, Hodsdon ME, Booth CJ, Dannies PS. Anti-tumor effects of adenovirus containing human growth hormone sequences in a mouse model of human ovarian cancer. Endocrine 2010; 37:430-9. [PMID: 20960164 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Women with ovarian cancer have a low survival rate and develop resistance to chemotherapy, so new approaches to treatment are needed. We unexpectedly found administration of a replication-deficient adenovirus containing human growth hormone sequences (AdXGH) was beneficial in a mouse model of human ovarian cancer. Intraperitoneal injections of AdXGH prolonged median survival from a mean of 31 ± 1.2 to 40 ± 1.4 days in immunodeficient SCID mice given SKOV3.ip1 human ovarian cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity. Adenovirus containing human prolactin or del32-71growth hormone sequences had no effect. Repeated injection of growth hormone or implantation of tablets with sustained growth hormone release did not increase survival. Control mice had overlapping tumors throughout the peritoneal cavity and liver and frequent lung metastases 24 days after tumor cell injection. Mice that received two injections of AdXGH had no lung metastases. Mice that received four injections had no lung or liver metastases and peritoneal fibrosis. They did not survive longer than mice that received two injections, but they had enlarged livers with hepatocellular changes, indicating that a limitation of increasing the dose is liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Cadherin switching and activation of p120 catenin signaling are mediators of gonadotropin-releasing hormone to promote tumor cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2010; 29:2427-40. [PMID: 20118984 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor expression is often elevated in ovarian cancer, but its potential role in ovarian cancer metastasis has just begun to be revealed. Cadherin switching is a crucial step during tumorigenesis, particularly in metastasis. Here, we showed that GnRH is an inducer of E- to P-cadherin switching, which is reminiscent of that seen during ovarian tumor progression. Overexpression of P-cadherin significantly enhanced, whereas knockdown of P-cadherin reduced migration and invasion regardless of E-cadherin expression, suggesting that inappropriate expression of P-cadherin contributes to the invasive phenotype. These effects of P-cadherin were mediated by activation of the Rho GTPases, Rac1, and Cdc42, through accumulation of p120 catenin (p120(ctn)) in the cytoplasm. The use of p120(ctn) small interfering RNA or chimeric cadherin construct to inhibit p120(ctn) expression and cytoplasmic localization, respectively, resulted in significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion, with a concomitant reduction in Rac1 and Cdc42 activation, confirming that the effect was p120(ctn) specific. Similarly, the migratory/invasive phenotype could be reversed by expression of dominant-negative Rac1 and Cdc42. These results identify for the first time cadherin switching and p120(ctn) signaling as important targets of GnRH function and as novel mediators of invasiveness and tumor progression in ovarian cancer.
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Pharmacokinetics analysis of sustained release hGH biodegradable implantable tablets using a mouse model of human ovarian cancer. Int J Pharm 2010; 388:175-80. [PMID: 20060456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the pharmacokinetic of human growth hormone (hGH) implantable tablets tested on a human ovarian cancer mouse model. In order to obtain a sustained release device which permits to administer a high dose of the hormone that keeps its integrity and stability, three different formulations of hGH-poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were elaborated by direct compression method varying hormone load, PLGA content and compactation time. In vitro studies showed that drug release was mainly controlled by hormone load. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted by using immunodeficient female mice. Four days before the insertion of hGH implantable tablets in the peritoneal cavity, every mouse received 5x10(6) human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3.ip1). Hormone serum levels were monitored through bleeding from eye orbital vessels. The population pharmacokinetic model used was based on the in series tank model and model parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. The null hypothesis test about differences between formulations leads us to the conclusion that the three formulations showed the same kinetic behavior except for the hGH load. The hormone release was extended all over 2 weeks but no increase or decrease in survival time was observed. These results suggest that hGH serum levels do not facilitate tumoral cells proliferation, an expected effect of hGH and this could explain why survival times of mice treated with implantable tablets are not shorter than those treated with the control ones.
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Beauchamp MC, Yasmeen A, Knafo A, Gotlieb WH. Targeting insulin and insulin-like growth factor pathways in epithelial ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:257058. [PMID: 20069126 PMCID: PMC2804114 DOI: 10.1155/2010/257058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies, due in part to the diagnosis at an advanced stage caused by the lack of specific signs and symptoms and the absence of reliable tests for screening and early detection. Most patients will respond initially to treatment but about 70% of them will suffer a recurrence. Therefore, new therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to overcome chemoresistance observed in ovarian cancer patients. Evidence accumulates suggesting that the insulin/insulin growth factor (IGF) pathways could act as a good therapeutic target in several cancers, including ovarian cancer. In this paper, we will focus on the role of insulin/IGF in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Beauchamp
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Ariane Knafo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Walter H. Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
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Bruchim I, Attias Z, Werner H. Targeting the IGF1 axis in cancer proliferation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:1179-92. [PMID: 19663648 DOI: 10.1517/14728220903201702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The IGF network of ligands, cell-surface receptors and IGF-binding proteins has important roles at multiple levels, including the cellular, organ and organism levels. The IGF system mediates growth, differentiation and developmental processes, and is also involved in various metabolic activities. Dysregulation of IGF system expression and action is linked to diverse pathologies, ranging from growth deficits to cancer development. Targeting of the IGF axis emerged in recent years as a promising therapeutic approach in conditions in which the IGF system is involved. Specific IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) targeting, in particular, produced the best experimental and clinical results so far, and generated significant optimism in the field. This review provides a basic analysis of the role of the IGF1R in cancer biology and explores the functional interactions between the IGF signaling pathways and various cancer genes (e.g., oncogenes, tumor suppressors). In addition, we review a number of specific malignancies in which the IGF system is involved and summarize recent data on preclinical and clinical studies employing IGF1R-targeted modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Bruchim
- Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA-binding protein IMP3 plays an important role in embryogenesis and recent reports suggest an involvement in tumorigenesis. Although IMP3 expression has been well studied in mouse and human fetal and adult gonads, its role in ovarian cancer is unknown. We investigated the expression of IMP3 at protein and mRNA levels in a cohort of primary ovarian carcinomas and in 11 ovarian cancer cell lines. Western blot analysis revealed an expression of IMP3 in all ovarian cancer cell lines and immunohistochemistry demonstrated a positive cytoplasmic staining in 32 of 68 carcinomas (47%). In contrast, epithelium of borderline tumors, as well as, benign ovarian lesions and normal ovaries exhibited only weak or no IMP3 expression. In univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis, IMP3 protein expression was significantly associated with better overall survival (P=0.048). To confirm these findings, we further determined IMP3 mRNA expression in 43 ovarian cancer specimens by real time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A significant correlation between protein and mRNA levels (r=0.414, P=0.006), as well as a correlation of IMP3 mRNA expression with patient overall survival (P=0.044), was observed. Our results demonstrate that IMP3 is expressed in a subpopulation of ovarian cancer and a marker of good prognosis.
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Eckstein N, Servan K, Hildebrandt B, Pölitz A, von Jonquières G, Wolf-Kümmeth S, Napierski I, Hamacher A, Kassack MU, Budczies J, Beier M, Dietel M, Royer-Pokora B, Denkert C, Royer HD. Hyperactivation of the insulin-like growth factor receptor I signaling pathway is an essential event for cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:2996-3003. [PMID: 19318572 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platinum plays a central role in the therapy of ovarian cancer, and the emergence of platinum resistance is a major obstacle for clinical management of the disease. We treated A2780 ovarian cancer cells by weekly cycles of cisplatin over a period of 6 months and unveiled that enhanced insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) expression and autocrine IGF-I are associated with hyperactivation of the IGF-IR and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K) pathways in cisplatin-resistant cells. IGF-IR expression levels increased during treatment cycles and correlated with cisplatin resistance. Purified IGF-I induced cisplatin resistance in diverse ovarian cancer cell lines, and small molecule inhibitors proved that IGF-IR and PI3K are essential for cisplatin resistance. Similar results were obtained with BG-1 ovarian cancer cells. Cytogenetic and array comparative genomic hybridization analyses revealed selection and de novo formation of chromosomal alterations during resistance development. An analysis of gene expression profiles of primary ovarian carcinomas identified the regulatory subunit PIK3R2 of PI3-kinase as a significant negative prognosis factor for ovarian cancer. We conclude that targeting the IGF-IR and the PI3K pathways is a promising new strategy to treat cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Eckstein
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Bonn, Germany
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Chitnis MM, Yuen JSP, Protheroe AS, Pollak M, Macaulay VM. The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6364-70. [PMID: 18927274 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Research conducted over the past two decades has shown the importance of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance to existing forms of cancer therapy. The IGF1R itself has only recently been accepted as a credible treatment target, however, perhaps reflecting the potential problems for drug design posed by normal tissue IGF1R expression, and close homology with the insulin receptor. Currently approximately 12 anti-IGF1R therapeutics are undergoing clinical evaluation, including blocking antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review will summarize the principal signaling pathways activated by IGF1R and the preclinical data that validated this receptor as a treatment target. We will review clinical progress in the testing of IGF1R inhibitory drug candidates, the relative benefits and potential toxicities of coinhibition of the insulin receptor, and the rationale for combining IGF1R blockade with other cancer treatments. An understanding of IGF1R signaling is important because it will guide the incorporation of appropriate molecular markers into clinical trial design. This will be key to the identification of patients most likely to benefit, and so will influence the ability of IGF1R inhibition to make the transition from experimental intervention to clinical therapy.
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Gotlieb WH, Saumet J, Beauchamp MC, Gu J, Lau S, Pollak MN, Bruchim I. In vitro metformin anti-neoplastic activity in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 110:246-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2007] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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