1
|
Jalalpour Choupanan M, Shahbazi S, Reiisi S. Naringenin in combination with quercetin/fisetin shows synergistic anti-proliferative and migration reduction effects in breast cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7489-7500. [PMID: 37480513 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION & AIM Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate among women worldwide. Quercetin/fisetin and naringenin, three well-known flavonoids, have been used to fight against various cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible synergism of quercetin/fisetin with naringenin on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. METHODS In this study, cultured MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with different concentrations of quercetin/fisetin individually and in combination with naringenin. MTT assay and scratch assay was employed to determine cell viability and migration respectively. Real-time PCR was used to study the expression level of apoptosis genes and miR-1275 (tumor suppressor miRNA) and mir-27a-3p (oncogenic miRNA). RESULTS A synergism effect of quercetin/fisetin and naringenin (CI < 1) was observed for both cell lines. Combination therapies were significantly more effective in cell growth reduction, migration suppression and apoptosis induction than single therapies. Gene expression analysis revealed the upregulation of miR-1275 and downregulation miR-27a-3p. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that quercetin/fisetin enhances the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activities in combination with naringenin in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. Therefore, the combination of Que/Fis and Nar can be proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahrzad Shahbazi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Somayeh Reiisi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Targeting cancer through recently developed purine clubbed heterocyclic scaffolds: An overview. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
3
|
Yaghoubi F, Motlagh NSH, Naghib SM, Haghiralsadat F, Jaliani HZ, Moradi A. A functionalized graphene oxide with improved cytocompatibility for stimuli-responsive co-delivery of curcumin and doxorubicin in cancer treatment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1959. [PMID: 35121783 PMCID: PMC8816945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the usage of nanoparticles in various fields such as drug delivery, attracts the attention of many researchers in the treatment of cancers. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the novel drug delivery systems which is used broadly owing to its unique features. In this survey, doxorubicin (DOX) was accompanied by natural medicine, curcumin (CUR), to diminish its side effects and enhance its efficiency. Cytotoxicity assay in human gastric cancer (AGS), prostate cancer (PC3), and ovarian cancer (A2780), was evaluated. Also, the uptake of DOX and CUR into cells, was assessed using a fluorescence microscope. Moreover, real-time PCR was applied for the evaluation of the expression of RB1 and CDK2 genes, which were involved in the cell cycle. In both separate and simultaneous forms, DOX and CUR were loaded with high efficiency and the release behavior of both drugs was pH-sensitive. The higher release rate was attained at pH 5.5 and 42 °C for DOX (80.23%) and CUR (13.06), respectively. The intensity of fluorescence in the free form of the drugs, was higher than the loaded form. In the same concentration, the free form of CUR and DOX were more toxic than the loaded form in all cell lines. Also, free drugs showed more impact on the expression of RB1 and CDK2 genes. Co-delivery of CUR and DOX into the mentioned cell lines, was more effective than the free form of CUR and DOX due to its lower toxicity to normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yaghoubi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Herbal Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Haghiralsadat
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarei Jaliani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shafei MA, Flemban A, Daly C, Kendrick P, White P, Dean S, Qualtrough D, Conway ME. Differential expression of the BCAT isoforms between breast cancer subtypes. Breast Cancer 2020; 28:592-607. [PMID: 33367952 PMCID: PMC8065012 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Biological characterisation of breast cancer subtypes is essential as it informs treatment regimens especially as different subtypes have distinct locoregional patterns. This is related to metabolic phenotype, where altered cellular metabolism is a fundamental adaptation of cancer cells during rapid proliferation. In this context, the metabolism of the essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), catalysed by the human branched-chain aminotransferase proteins (hBCAT), offers multiple benefits for tumour growth. Upregulation of the cytosolic isoform of hBCAT (hBCATc), regulated by c-Myc, has been demonstrated to increase cell migration, tumour aggressiveness and proliferation in gliomas, ovarian and colorectal cancer but the importance of the mitochondrial isoform, hBCATm has not been fully investigated. Methods Using immunohistochemistry, the expression profile of metabolic proteins (hBCAT, IDH) was assessed between breast cancer subtypes, HER2 + , luminal A, luminal B and TNBC. Correlations between the percentage and the intensity of protein expression/co-expression with clinical parameters, such as hormone receptor status, tumour stage, lymph-node metastasis and survival, were determined. Results We show that hBCATc expression was found to be significantly associated with the more aggressive HER2 + and luminal B subtypes, whilst hBCATm and IDH1 associated with luminal A subtype. This was concomitant with better prognosis indicating a differential metabolic reliance between these two subtypes, in which enhanced expression of IDH1 may replenish the α-ketoglutarate pool in cells with increased hBCATm expression. Conclusion The cytosolic isoform of BCAT is associated with tumours that express HER2 receptors, whereas the mitochondrial isoform is highly expressed in tumours that are ER + , indicating that the BCAT proteins are regulated through different signalling pathways, which may lead to the identification of novel targets for therapeutic applications targeting dysregulated cancer metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ahmed Shafei
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Arwa Flemban
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carl Daly
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Paul Kendrick
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Paul White
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Sarah Dean
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - David Qualtrough
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Myra E Conway
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Therapeutic potential of quercetin on human breast cancer in different dimensions. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:39-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
6
|
Seo H, Song J, Kim M, Han DW, Park HJ, Song M. Cordyceps militaris Grown on Germinated Soybean Suppresses KRAS-Driven Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting the RAS/ERK Pathway. Nutrients 2018; 11:E20. [PMID: 30577618 PMCID: PMC6356671 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a commonly used medicinal mushroom containing various therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-cancer activities. This study examined whether Cordyceps militaris on germinated soybeans (GSC) has a suppressive effect on a v-ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-driven colorectal cancer which is notorious for its un-druggable features and the ineffectiveness of conventional therapies against it. GSC extract was prepared and its proximate composition and amino acids were analyzed. The suppressive effects were investigated with the KRAS-driven colorectal cancer cell-line, SW480. SW480 proliferation, clonogenic potential, apoptosis, and the RAS/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway under the GSC treatment were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot, respectively. An in vivo experiment with the SW480 xenograft mouse model was performed. As a result, GSC suppressed cell proliferation by inducing the apoptosis of KRAS-driven colorectal cancer cells and inhibited clonogenic capabilities. The decrease of KRAS and ERK phosphorylation was detected by Western blot. Tumor growth was significantly suppressed when GSC was introduced to the tumor-xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, GSC suppressed KRAS-driven colorectal cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo, and can be used as an alternative or simultaneous approach in colorectal cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HeeJung Seo
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineeering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jisu Song
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Electronics & IT Media Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineeering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Gachon University, Kyungji-do 13120, Korea.
| | - Minjung Song
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fathi MAA, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Abdelhamid D, Abbas SH, Montano MM, Abdel-Aziz M. 1,3,4-oxadiazole/chalcone hybrids: Design, synthesis, and inhibition of leukemia cell growth and EGFR, Src, IL-6 and STAT3 activities. Bioorg Chem 2018; 84:150-163. [PMID: 30502626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole/chalcone hybrids was designed, synthesized, identified with different spectroscopic techniques and biologically evaluated as inhibitors of EGFR, Src, and IL-6. The synthesized compounds showed promising anticancer activity, particularly against leukemia, with 8v being the most potent. The synthesized compounds exhibited strong to moderate cytotoxic activities against K-562, KG-1a, and Jurkat leukemia cell lines in MTT assays. Compound 8v showed the strongest cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 1.95 µM, 2.36 µM and 3.45 µM against K-562, Jurkat and KG-1a leukemia cell lines, respectively. Moreover; the synthesized compounds inhibited EGFR, Src, and IL-6. Compound 8v was most effective at inhibiting EGFR (IC50 = 0.24 μM), Src (IC50 = 0.96 μM), and IL-6 (% of control = 20%). Additionally, most of the compounds decreased STAT3 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ali A Fathi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; Pharmacotherapy Department, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Pharmacology Department, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Dalia Abdelhamid
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abbas
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Monica M Montano
- Pharmacology Department, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rizzolo P, Navazio AS, Silvestri V, Valentini V, Zelli V, Zanna I, Masala G, Bianchi S, Scarnò M, Tommasi S, Palli D, Ottini L. Somatic alterations of targetable oncogenes are frequently observed in BRCA1/2 mutation negative male breast cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74097-74106. [PMID: 27765917 PMCID: PMC5342038 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease. Due to its rarity, MBC research and clinical approach are mostly based upon data derived from its largely known female counterpart. We aimed at investigating whether MBC cases harbor somatic alterations of genes known as prognostic biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets in female breast cancer. We examined 103 MBC cases, all characterized for germ-line BRCA1/2 mutations, for somatic alterations in PIK3CA, EGFR, ESR1 and CCND1 genes. Pathogenic mutations of PIK3CA were detected in 2% of MBCs. No pathogenic mutations were identified in ESR1 and EGFR. Gene copy number variations (CNVs) analysis showed amplification of PIK3CA in 8.1%, EGFR in 6.8% and CCND1 in 16% of MBCs, whereas deletion of ESR1 was detected in 15% of MBCs. Somatic mutations and gene amplification were found only in BRCA1/2 mutation negative MBCs. Significant associations emerged between EGFR amplification and large tumor size (T4), ER-negative and HER2-positive status, between CCND1 amplification and HER2-positive and MIB1-positive status, and between ESR1 deletion and ER-negative status. Our results show that amplification of targetable oncogenes is frequent in BRCA1/2 mutation negative MBCs and may identify MBC subsets characterized by aggressive phenotype that may benefit from potential targeted therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Sara Navazio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Virginia Valentini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ines Zanna
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bianchi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Scarnò
- CINECA (Inter University Consortium for Super Computing), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Yi L, Zhu Y, Zou J, Hong Y, Zheng W. AKT Signaling Pathway in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: Correlation with ERα, ERβ and HER-2 Expression. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 97:185-90. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161109700209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Estradiol exerts most of its effects by direct binding to the estrogen receptor in breast carcinoma, ERβ expression is a useful biomarker for breast cancer in a manner that is independent of ERα expression. However, studies evaluating ERβ expression with certain tumor variables, such as tumor grade and disease-free survival, had produced conflicting results. The Akt signaling pathway currently attracts considerable attention as a new target for effective therapeutic strategies. The current study attempted to compare the relative associations of variables including ERα, ERβ, HER-2/neu and AKT staining with the presence of metastases or survival. Methods and study design Immunohistochemical staining was employed to determine the expression of ERα, ERβ, pAkt and HER-2/neu in 110 cases of primary breast carcinoma. Results Positive ERα, ERβ, pAkt and HER-2/neu expressions were respectively observed in 46.4% (51/110), 59.1% (65/110), 40.9% (45/110) and 31.8% (35/110) of the tumors. pAkt was significantly associated with HER-2/neu overexpression (P <0.005) and axillary lymph node metastasis (P <0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between pAkt and ERα, ERβ, p53 (P >0.05) expressions. Survival analysis showed that pAkt positivity was associated with poor disease-free survival of the patients. Conclusions The current study suggested that activity of the Akt signaling pathway may indicate a poor prognosis in patients with breast carcinoma. The results implied that estrogen can activate the PI3K-Akt pathway through ERα and ERβ-independent mechanisms in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh People's Hospital
| | - Lina Yi
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh People's Hospital
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Jue Zou
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh People's Hospital
| | - Yuelin Hong
- Department of Surgery, The Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Park HJ, Park JB, Lee SJ, Song M. Phellinus linteus Grown on Germinated Brown Rice Increases Cetuximab Sensitivity of KRAS-Mutated Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081746. [PMID: 28800074 PMCID: PMC5578136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and it has recently become a leading cause of death worldwide. Among colon cancers, the v-ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-mutated form is notorious for its non-druggable features. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor, has been introduced as an antitumor therapy; however, secondary resistance and side effects significantly limit its effective use in these cancers. In this study, we prepared Phellinuslinteus on germinated brown rice (PBR) extracts to increase the sensitivity of KRAS-mutated colon cancers to cetuximab. The combined treatment of PBR extract and cetuximab suppressed SW480 cell viability/proliferation, with the cells exhibiting altered cellular morphology and clonogenic potential. AnnexinV–fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide–stained flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed, and PBR extract combined with cetuximab treatment increased apoptosis of the SW480 cells and suppressed their KRAS protein expression. The potential of PBR as a synergistic anticancer agent was further investigated in a tumor-xenografted mouse model. Tumor growth was significantly suppressed with PBR extract and cetuximab co-treatment. In conclusion, PBR increased the sensitivity of KRAS-mutated colon cancer cells to cetuximab, which indicates the potential use of PBR as a medical food against colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Gachon University, Kyungji-Do 13120, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Bin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Sang-Jae Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
- The Research Center for Extremophiles & Marine Microbiology, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Minjung Song
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Büsselberg D, Florea AM. Targeting Intracellular Calcium Signaling ([Ca 2+] i) to Overcome Acquired Multidrug Resistance of Cancer Cells: A Mini-Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050048. [PMID: 28486397 PMCID: PMC5447958 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a main public health problem all over the world. It affects millions of humans no matter their age, gender, education, or social status. Although chemotherapy is the main strategy for the treatment of cancer, a major problem limiting its success is the intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Therefore, cancer drug resistance is a major impediment in medical oncology resulting in a failure of a successful cancer treatment. This mini-overview focuses on the interdependent relationship between intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signaling and multidrug resistance of cancer cells, acquired upon treatment of tumors with anticancer drugs. We propose that [Ca2+]i signaling modulates gene expression of multidrug resistant (MDR) genes which in turn can be modulated by epigenetic factors which in turn leads to modified protein expression in drug resistant tumor cells. A precise knowledge of these mechanisms will help to develop new therapeutic strategies for drug resistant tumors and will improve current chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, POB 24144 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ana-Maria Florea
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Distinct effects of β1 integrin on cell proliferation and cellular signaling in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18430. [PMID: 26728650 PMCID: PMC4700444 DOI: 10.1038/srep18430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An aberrant expression of integrin β1 has been implicated in breast cancer progression. Here, we compared the cell behaviors of wild-type (WT), β1 gene deleted (KO), and β1 gene restored (Res) MDA-MB-231 cells. Surprisingly, the expression of β1 exhibited opposite effects on cell proliferation. These effects were dependent on cell densities, and they showed an up-regulation of cell proliferation when cells were cultured under sparse conditions, and a down-regulation of cell growth under dense conditions. By comparison with WT cells, the phosphorylation levels of ERK in KO cells were consistently suppressed under sparse culture conditions, but consistently up-regulated under dense culture conditions. The phosphorylation levels of EGFR were increased in the KO cells. By contrast, the phosphorylation levels of AKT were decreased in the KO cells. The abilities for both colony and tumor formation were significantly suppressed in the KO cells, suggesting that β1 plays an important role in cell survival signaling for tumorigenesis. These aberrant phenotypes in the KO cells were rescued in the Res cells. Taken together, these results clearly showed the distinct roles of β1 in cancer cells: the inhibition of cell growth and the promotion of cell survival, which may shed light on cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gee JMW, Nicholson RI, Barrow D, Dutkowski CM, Goddard L, Jordan NJ, McClelland RA, Knowlden JM, Francies HE, Hiscox SE, Hutcheson IR. Antihormone induced compensatory signalling in breast cancer: an adverse event in the development of endocrine resistance. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 5:67-77. [PMID: 25961242 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2011.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using MCF7 breast cancer cells, it has been shown that antihormones promote expression/activity of oestrogen-repressed tyrosine kinases, notably EGFR, HER2 and Src. These inductive events confer responsiveness to targeted inhibitors (e.g., gefitinib, trastuzumab, saracatinib). We observed that these antihormone-induced phenomena are common to ER+HER2- and ER+HER2+ breast cancer models in vitro, where targeting of EGFR, HER2 or Src alongside antihormone improves antitumour response and delays/prevents endocrine resistance. Such targeted inhibitors also subvert acquired endocrine resistant cells which retain increased EGFR, HER2 and Src (e.g., TAMR and FASR models derived after 6-12 months of tamoxifen or Faslodex treatment). Thus, antihormone-induced tyrosine kinases comprise "compensatory signalling" crucial in limiting maximal initial antihormone response and subsequently driving acquired resistance in vitro. However, despite such convincing preclinical findings from our group and others, clinical trials examining equivalent antigrowth factor strategies have proved relatively disappointing. Our new studies deciphering underlying causes reveal that further antihormone-promoted events could be pivotal in vivo. Firstly, Faslodex induces HER3 and HER4 which sensitise ER+ cells to heregulin, a paracrine growth factor that overcomes endocrine response and diminishes antitumour effect of agents targeting EGFR, HER2 or Src alongside antihormone. Secondly, extended antihormone exposure (experienced by ER+ cells prior to adjuvant clinical relapse) can "reprogramme" the compensatory kinase profile in vitro, hindering candidate antigrowth factor targeting of endocrine resistance. Faslodex resistant cells maintained with this antihormone for 3 years in vitro lose EGFR/HER2 dependency, gaining alternative mitogenic/invasion kinases. Deciphering these previously unrecognised antihormone-induced events could provide superior treatments to control endocrine relapse in the clinic.
Collapse
|
14
|
D'Angelo RC, Ouzounova M, Davis A, Choi D, Tchuenkam SM, Kim G, Luther T, Quraishi AA, Senbabaoglu Y, Conley SJ, Clouthier SG, Hassan KA, Wicha MS, Korkaya H. Notch reporter activity in breast cancer cell lines identifies a subset of cells with stem cell activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:779-787. [PMID: 25673823 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developmental pathways such as Notch play a pivotal role in tissue-specific stem cell self-renewal as well as in tumor development. However, the role of Notch signaling in breast cancer stem cells (CSC) remains to be determined. We utilized a lentiviral Notch reporter system to identify a subset of cells with a higher Notch activity (Notch(+)) or reduced activity (Notch(-)) in multiple breast cancer cell lines. Using in vitro and mouse xenotransplantation assays, we investigated the role of the Notch pathway in breast CSC regulation. Breast cancer cells with increased Notch activity displayed increased sphere formation as well as expression of breast CSC markers. Interestingly Notch(+) cells displayed higher Notch4 expression in both basal and luminal breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, Notch(+) cells demonstrated tumor initiation capacity at serial dilutions in mouse xenografts, whereas Notch(-) cells failed to generate tumors. γ-Secretase inhibitor (GSI), a Notch blocker but not a chemotherapeutic agent, effectively targets these Notch(+) cells in vitro and in mouse xenografts. Furthermore, elevated Notch4 and Hey1 expression in primary patient samples correlated with poor patient survival. Our study revealed a molecular mechanism for the role of Notch-mediated regulation of breast CSCs and provided a compelling rationale for CSC-targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daejin Choi
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1410 Laney Walker Blvd. CN2136 Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Stevie M Tchuenkam
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1410 Laney Walker Blvd. CN2136 Augusta, GA 30912
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
De Luca A, D’Alessio A, Maiello MR, Gallo M, Bevilacqua S, Frezzetti D, Morabito A, Perrone F, Normanno N. Vandetanib as a potential treatment for breast cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1295-303. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.942034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
16
|
Stengel C, Newman SP, Day JM, Chander SK, Jourdan FL, Leese MP, Ferrandis E, Regis-Lydi S, Potter BVL, Reed MJ, Purohit A, Foster PA. In vivo and in vitro properties of STX2484: a novel non-steroidal anti-cancer compound active in taxane-resistant breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:300-8. [PMID: 24960406 PMCID: PMC4102933 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND STX2484 is a novel non-steroidal compound with potent anti-proliferative activity. These studies aimed to identify STX2484's mechanism of action, in vivo efficacy and activity in taxane-resistant breast cancer models. METHODS Effects of STX2484 and paclitaxel on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed in vitro in drug-resistant (MCF-7(DOX)) and non-resistant cells (MCF-7(WT)). STX2484 efficacy in βIII tubulin overexpression in MCF-7 cells was also determined. Anti-angiogenic activity was quantified in vitro by a co-culture model and in vivo using a Matrigel plug assay. An MDA-MB-231 xenograft model was used to determine STX2484 efficacy in vivo. RESULTS STX2484 is a tubulin disruptor, which induces p53 expression, Bcl2 phosphorylation, caspase-3 cleavage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, STX2484 is a potent anti-angiogenic agent in vitro and in vivo. In breast cancer xenografts, STX2484 (20 mg kg(-1) p.o.) suppressed tumour growth by 84% after 35 days of daily dosing, with limited toxicity. In contrast to paclitaxel, STX2484 efficacy was unchanged in two clinically relevant drug-resistant models. CONCLUSIONS STX2484 is an orally bioavailable microtubule-disrupting agent with in vivo anti-angiogenic activity and excellent in vivo efficacy with no apparent toxicity. Crucially, STX2484 has superior efficacy to paclitaxel in models of clinical drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Stengel
- 1] Oncology Drug Discovery Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK [2] Cancer Institute, UCL, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - S P Newman
- Oncology Drug Discovery Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - J M Day
- Oncology Drug Discovery Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - S K Chander
- Oncology Drug Discovery Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - F L Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - M P Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - E Ferrandis
- Systems Biology, IPSEN, 5 Avenue du Canada, Les Ulis 91966, France
| | - S Regis-Lydi
- Systems Biology, IPSEN, 5 Avenue du Canada, Les Ulis 91966, France
| | - B V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - M J Reed
- Oncology Drug Discovery Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - A Purohit
- Oncology Drug Discovery Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - P A Foster
- 1] Oncology Drug Discovery Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK [2] Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Al-Taweel N, Varghese E, Florea AM, Büsselberg D. Cisplatin (CDDP) triggers cell death of MCF-7 cells following disruption of intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+] i) homeostasis. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:765-74. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana-Maria Florea
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Evensen NA, Li J, Yang J, Yu X, Sampson NS, Zucker S, Cao J. Development of a high-throughput three-dimensional invasion assay for anti-cancer drug discovery. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82811. [PMID: 24349367 PMCID: PMC3859626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of three-dimensional (3-D) high-throughput (HT) screening assays designed to identify anti-cancer invasion drugs is a major hurdle in reducing cancer-related mortality, with the key challenge being assay standardization. Presented is the development of a novel 3-D invasion assay with HT potential that involves surrounding cell-collagen spheres within collagen to create a 3-D environment through which cells can invade. Standardization was achieved by designing a tooled 96-well plate to create a precisely designated location for the cell-collagen spheres and by using dialdehyde dextran to inhibit collagen contraction, maintaining uniform size and shape. This permits automated readout for determination of the effect of inhibitory compounds on cancer cell invasion. Sensitivity was demonstrated by the ability to distinguish varying levels of invasiveness of cancer cell lines, and robustness was determined by calculating the Z-factor. A Z-factor of 0.65 was obtained by comparing the effects of DMSO and anti-β1-integrin antibody, an inhibitory reagent, on the invasion of Du145 cancer cells, suggesting this novel assay is suitable for large scale drug discovery. As proof of principle, the NCI Diversity Compound Library was screened against human invasive cancer cells. Nine compounds exhibiting high potency and low toxicity were identified, including DX-52-1, a compound previously reported to inhibit cell migration, a critical determinant of cancer invasion. The results indicate that this innovative HT platform is a simple, precise, and easy to replicate 3-D invasion assay for anti-cancer drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A. Evensen
- Department of Medicine/Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Medicine/Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nicole S. Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America, and
| | - Stanley Zucker
- Department of Research, Veterans Affair Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States of America
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Medicine/Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
De Luca A, D'Alessio A, Gallo M, Maiello MR, Bode AM, Normanno N. Src and CXCR4 are involved in the invasiveness of breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to lapatinib. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:148-56. [PMID: 24200972 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib is a dual EGFR and ErbB-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has significantly improved the clinical outcome of ErbB-2-overexpressing breast cancer patients. However, patients inexorably develop mechanisms of resistance that limit the efficacy of the drug. In order to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention in lapatinib-resistant patients, we isolated, from ErbB-2-overexpressing SK-Br-3 breast cancer cells, the SK-Br-3 Lap-R-resistant subclone, which is able to routinely grow in 1 µM lapatinib. Resistant cells have a more aggressive phenotype compared with parental cells, as they show a higher ability to invade through a matrigel-coated membrane. Lapatinib-resistant cells have an increased Src kinase activity and persistent levels of activation of ERK1/2 and AKT compared with parental cells. Treatment with the Src inhibitor saracatinib in combination with lapatinib reduces AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and restores the sensitivity of resistant cells to lapatinib. SK-Br-3 Lap-R cells also show levels of expression of CXCR4 that are higher compared with parental cells and are not affected by Src inhibition. Treatment with saracatinib or a specific CXCR4 antibody reduces the invasive ability of SK-Br-3 Lap-R cells, with the two drugs showing cooperative effects. Finally, blockade of Src signaling significantly increases TRAIL-induced cell death in SK-Br-3 Lap-R cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to lapatinib have a more aggressive phenotype compared with their parental counterpart, and that Src signaling and CXCR4 play an important role in this phenomenon, thus representing potential targets for therapeutic intervention in lapatinib-resistant breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Luca
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit; Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"; IRCCS; Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia D'Alessio
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit; Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"; IRCCS; Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Gallo
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit; Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"; IRCCS; Naples, Italy
| | - Monica R Maiello
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit; Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"; IRCCS; Naples, Italy
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute; University of Minnesota; Austin, MN USA
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit; Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"; IRCCS; Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pavlidis ET, Pavlidis TE. Role of bevacizumab in colorectal cancer growth and its adverse effects: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:5051-5060. [PMID: 23964138 PMCID: PMC3746376 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i31.5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis affects both wound healing and malignant cell growth through nutrients and oxygen. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important element involved in this complex process. Inhibition of VEGF influences angiogenesis and may restrict tumor growth and metastatic ability. Modern anti-angiogenic therapy is based on this theory. Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (immunoglobulin G1) which binds with VEGF-A forming a large molecule. It can not be bound with VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors preventing VEGF-A incorporation; thus its activity is inhibited inducing blockage of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Bevacizumab, in combination with chemotherapy or other novel targeted therapeutic agents, is currently used more frequently in clinical practice, mainly for managing advanced colorectal cancer. It is also used for managing other malignancies, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, non small-cell lung cancer, metastatic renal carcinoma and ovarian tumors. Although it is generally considered a safe treatment, there are reports of some rare side effects which should be taken into account. Recent experiments in rats and mice show promising results with a wider therapeutic range.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mohamedali KA, Cao Y, Cheung LH, Hittelman WN, Rosenblum MG. The functionalized human serine protease granzyme B/VEGF₁₂₁ targets tumor vasculature and ablates tumor growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2055-66. [PMID: 23858102 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease granzyme B (GrB) induces apoptosis through both caspase-dependent and -independent multiple-cascade mechanisms. VEGF₁₂₁ binds to both VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR-2 receptors. We engineered a unique GrB/VEGF₁₂₁ fusion protein and characterized its properties in vitro and in vivo. Endothelial and tumor cell lines showed varying levels of sensitivity to GrB/VEGF₁₂₁ that correlated closely to total VEGFR-2 expression. GrB/VEGF₁₂₁ localized efficiently into VEGFR-2-expressing cells, whereas the internalization into VEGFR-1-expressing cells was significantly reduced. Treatment of VEGFR-2(+) cells caused mitochondrial depolarization in 48% of cells by 48 hours. Exposure to GrB/VEGF₁₂₁ induced apoptosis in VEGFR-2(+), but not in VEGFR-1(+), cells and rapid caspase activation was observed that could not be inhibited by treatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor. In vivo, GrB/VEGF₁₂₁ localized in perivascular tumor areas adjacent to microvessels and in other areas in the tumor less well vascularized, whereas free GrB did not specifically localize to tumor tissue. Administration (intravenous) of GrB/VEGF₁₂₁ to mice at doses up to 40 mg/kg showed no toxicity. Treatment of mice bearing established PC-3 tumor xenografts with GrB/VEGF₁₂₁ showed significant antitumor effect versus treatment with GrB or saline. Treatment with GrB/VEGF₁₂₁ at 27 mg/kg resulted in the regression of four of five tumors in this group. Tumors showed a two-fold lower Ki-67-labeling index compared with controls. Our results show that targeted delivery of GrB to tumor vascular endothelial cells or to tumor cells activates apoptotic cascades and this completely human construct may have significant therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Mohamedali
- Corresponding Author: Michael G. Rosenblum, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1950, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Normanno N, Rachiglio AM, Roma C, Fenizia F, Esposito C, Pasquale R, La Porta ML, Iannaccone A, Micheli F, Santangelo M, Bergantino F, Costantini S, De Luca A. Molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine in oncology: challenges and opportunities. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:514-24. [PMID: 22991232 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that target-based agents are active only in molecularly selected populations of patients. Therefore, the identification of predictive biomarkers has become mandatory to improve the clinical development of these novel drugs. Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or rearrangements of the ALK gene in non-small-cell lung cancer, and BRAF mutations in melanoma are clear examples of driver mutations and predictive biomarkers of response to treatment with specific inhibitors. Predictive biomarkers might also identify subgroups of patients that are not likely to respond to specific drugs, as shown for KRAS mutations and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in colorectal carcinoma. The discovery of novel driver molecular alterations and the availability of drugs capable to selectively block such oncogenic mechanisms are leading to a rapid increase in the number of putative biomarkers that need to be assessed in each single patient. In this respect, two different approaches are being developed to introduce a comprehensive molecular characterization in clinical practice: high throughput genotyping platforms, which allow the detection of recognized genetic aberrations in clinical samples, and next generation sequencing that can provide information on all the different types of cancer-causing alterations. The introduction of these techniques in clinical practice will increase the possibility to identify molecular targets in each individual patient, and will also allow to follow the molecular evolution of the disease during the treatment. By using these approaches, the development of personalized medicine for patients with cancer will finally become possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, INT-Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yi YW, Hong W, Kang HJ, Kim HJ, Zhao W, Wang A, Seong YS, Bae I. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway potentiates cytotoxicity of EGFR kinase inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:648-56. [PMID: 23601074 PMCID: PMC3822817 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are known to be intrinsically resistant to inhibitors for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Until now, clinical trials for TNBCs using EGFR inhibitors (EGFRis) as single agents have yielded disappointing results. Here, we report that combinatorial treatment using EGFRis, such as gefitinib or erlotinib, with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors (PI3K/AKTis) demonstrated a synergistic, anti-proliferative effect in cell lines of the basal-like (BL) subtype, a subtype of TNBC. Western blot analysis revealed that the gefitinib/PI-103 combination significantly reduced the level of both phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK in two susceptible BL subtype cell lines, SUM149PT and MDA-MB-468, whereas it had little or no effect on the level of phospho-ERK in two non-susceptible cell lines (HS578T and MDA-MB-231) of mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) TNBC subtype. The gefitinib/PI-103 combination also significantly induced caspase-3/7-mediated PARP cleavage and reduced two anti-apoptotic proteins, XIAP and Bcl-2 in the susceptible cell lines. In addition, the level of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) protein was markedly decreased by gefitinib/PI-103 combination in the BL TNBC cells, but showed no significant change by this combination in MSL subtype cells. These results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of EGFR used in combination of PI3K/AKTis is a potential therapeutic approach to treat a subtype of TNBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
LIU CHUNGHSIEN, LIN CHINGJU, TSAI KANJEN, CHUANG YICHING, HUANG YALING, LEE TSUNGHSIEN, HUANG LIJIAU, CHAN HSUCHIN. Biological evaluation of 9-[(6-chloropyridin-4-yl)methyl]-9H-carbazole-3-carbinol as an anticancer agent. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1501-9. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
25
|
Daniele G, Gallo M, Piccirillo MC, Giordano P, D'Alessio A, Del Giudice A, La Porta ML, Perrone F, Normanno N, De Luca A. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of capecitabine in breast cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:225-35. [PMID: 23301520 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.759939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Capecitabine , an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is adsorbed in its intact form through the intestine and metabolized to 5-FU in tumour cells. In metastatic breast cancer (MBC), capecitabine is an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic option both in monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapeutic or molecular-targeted agents. AREAS COVERED We summarized data on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of capecitabine. We also produced a general review of the most relevant clinical studies of capecitabine in MBC. A literature search was performed using PubMed database including selected articles published in English language up to October 2012. EXPERT OPINION The unique pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic features represent the bases of the reduced toxicity and the activity of capecitabine in several tumours. Although during the past 10 years there has been an increasing use of this drug in MBC both as single agent and in combination, encouraging results of well tolerated and active combinations with novel agents will lead to a more extensive and protracted use of capecitabine. In view of this, some aspects should be further clarified such as the optimal starting dose and the introduction of alternative schedules of treatment.
Collapse
|
26
|
Khajah MA, Al Saleh S, Mathew PM, Luqmani YA. Differential effect of growth factors on invasion and proliferation of endocrine resistant breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41847. [PMID: 22860018 PMCID: PMC3408495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have established several breast cancer cell lines that exhibit a permanent ER-depleted phenotype, induced by shRNA transfection of MCF-7 cells, which afford a useful model for studying acquired endocrine resistance. Previously we showed that MDA-231 as well as ER-silenced cells could invade through simulated extracellular matrix components. However, the contribution of individual serum components responsible for cell invasion was not determined. In the present study, an under-agarose gel assay was used to quantitatively assess the invasive movement of two ER-silenced cell lines (pII and YS2.5) in comparison to the parental MCF-7, the ER negative MDA-231, and normal HBL100 cells, as well as a line that was ER-shRNA transfected but failed to exhibit ER down-regulation (YS1.2). We also examined the effect of the growth factors EGF, IGF-1, TGFβ, PDGFC and RANTES on pII cell invasion and proliferation. All breast cancer cell lines which had reduced ER expression exhibited a serum-dependent invasive ability related to the degree of induced ER loss. TGFβ treatment inhibited pII cell proliferation and enhanced their invasive ability but at a relatively high dose. IGF-1 and EGF enhanced pII cell proliferation, with the latter playing the major role in promoting cell invasion. PDGFC did not affect either process although it is highly expressed in pII cells. Differential effects were observed on activation of Akt and ERK1/2 suggesting their involvement as intracellular mediators of EGF induced invasion, in part through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity. Targeting EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity by erlotinib resulted in significant inhibition of both pII cell proliferation and directional invasion towards EGF suggesting that this drug has potential therapeutic usefulness for preventing spread of particularly endocrine resistant breast cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
New therapies in HER2-positive breast cancer: a major step towards a cure of the disease? Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:494-504. [PMID: 22305205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) predicts a poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer. While the introduction of HER2-targeted therapies, such as the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and the small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, has significantly improved outcomes in HER2+ breast cancer compared with previously available therapies, use of these targeted therapies is often limited by the development of drug resistance and tolerability issues. These limitations create the need for further development and investigation of new targeted therapies that show potent and selective inhibition of these targets or closely connected molecular pathways. Recently, several agents have demonstrated promising activity in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer, either as monotherapy or in combination therapy, including the tyrosine-kinase inhibitors neratinib (HKI-272) and afatinib (BIBW-2992) and the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies pertuzumab and trastuzumab-DM1 (T-DM1). Agents that target other molecular pathways, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin, PI3-kinases, insulin-like growth factor (IGFR), HSP-90, and other kinases also have potential, in combination with anti-HER2 and/or other systemic therapies, to be active in this subtype of breast cancer. Innovative clinical studies are required in well-characterized patient populations to define the true clinical value of these emerging new approaches.
Collapse
|
28
|
Target therapy in elderly breast cancer patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 83:422-31. [PMID: 22257652 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in the management of breast cancer by targeting HER2 and VEGF pathways. Although the efficacy and safety of target therapy in breast cancer have been established, no specific phase III trial has addressed these issues in the elderly population and the only data available derive from subanalyses or retrospective series. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence in this special population and to encourage further well designed studies in elderly breast cancer patients.
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Q, Chen C, Kapadia A, Zhou Q, Harper MK, Schaack J, LaBarbera DV. 3D models of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer metastasis: high-throughput screening assay development, validation, and pilot screen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:141-54. [PMID: 21297102 DOI: 10.1177/1087057110392995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in therapies developed for the treatment of cancer, patient prognosis and mortality rates have improved minimally, and metastasis remains the primary cause of cancer mortality worldwide. An underlying mechanism promoting metastasis in many types of cancer is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here the authors report a novel 3D model of EMT and metastatic breast cancer suitable for high-throughput screening (HTS) drug discovery. The primary assay incorporates the expression of the prognostic biomarker vimentin, as a luciferase reporter of EMT, in basil-like/triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma spheroids. Using this model, the authors developed a number of known antitumor agents as control modulators of EMT. U0126, PKC412, PF2341066, dasatinib, and axitinib downregulated vimentin expression by 70% to 90% as compared to untreated spheroids. Counterassays were developed to measure spheroid viability and the invasive potential of MDA-MB-231 spheroids after small-molecule treatment and used to confirm hits from primary screening. Finally, the authors conducted a pilot screen to validate this model for HTS using a purified library of marine secondary metabolites. From 230 compounds screened, they obtained a Z' score of 0.64, indicative of an excellent assay, and confirmed 4 hits, including isonaamidine B, papuamine, mycalolide E, and jaspamide. This HTS model demonstrates the potential to identify small-molecule modulators of EMT that could be used to discover novel antimetastatic agents for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medial Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hutcheson IR, Goddard L, Barrow D, McClelland RA, Francies HE, Knowlden JM, Nicholson RI, Gee JMW. Fulvestrant-induced expression of ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptors sensitizes oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells to heregulin β1. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R29. [PMID: 21396094 PMCID: PMC3219190 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have previously reported that induction of epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB2 in response to antihormonal agents may provide an early mechanism to allow breast cancer cells to evade the growth-inhibitory action of such therapies and ultimately drive resistant cell growth. More recently, the other two members of the ErbB receptor family, ErbB3 and ErbB4, have been implicated in antihormone resistance in breast cancer. In the present study, we have investigated whether induction of ErbB3 and/or ErbB4 may provide an alternative resistance mechanism to antihormonal action in a panel of four oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines. Methods MCF-7, T47D, BT474 and MDAMB361 cell lines were exposed to fulvestrant (100 nM) for seven days, and effects on ErbB3/4 expression and signalling, as well as on cell growth, were assessed. Effects of heregulin β1 (HRGβ1) were also examined in the absence and presence of fulvestrant to determine the impact of ER blockade on the capacity of this ErbB3/4 ligand to promote signalling and cell proliferation. Results Fulvestrant potently reduced ER expression and transcriptional activity and significantly inhibited growth in MCF-7, T47D, BT474 and MDAMB361 cells. However, alongside this inhibitory activity, fulvestrant also consistently induced protein expression and activity of ErbB3 in MCF-7 and T47D cells and ErbB4 in BT474 and MDAMB361 cell lines. Consequently, fulvestrant treatment sensitised all cell lines to the actions of the ErbB3/4 ligand HRGβ1 with enhanced ErbB3/4-driven signalling activity, reexpression of cyclin D1 and significant increases in cell proliferation being observed when compared to untreated cells. Indeed, in T47D and MDAMB361 HRGβ1 was converted from a ligand having negligible or suppressive growth activity into one that potently promoted cell proliferation. Consequently, fulvestrant-mediated growth inhibition was completely overridden by HRGβ1 in all four cell lines. Conclusions These findings suggest that although antihormones such as fulvestrant may have potent acute growth-inhibitory activity in ER-positive breast cancer cells, their ability to induce and sensitise cells to growth factors may serve to reduce and ultimately limit their inhibitory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain R Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, Radiology & Oncology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Hwang I, Kang YN, Kwon KY, Kwon SY, Kim SP, Lee SS, Jung HR, Choe MS. Comparative Study of Relative Value for Diagnostic Procedure of Surgical Pathology in Korea and United States. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2011.45.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilseon Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yu Na Kang
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kun Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Pyo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Sook Lee
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye Ra Jung
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Choe
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pavlidis ET, Ballas KD, Symeonidis NG, Psarras K, Koliakos G, Kouzi-Koliakos K, Topouridou K, Rafailidis SF, Pavlidis TE, Marakis GN, Sakantamis AK. The effect of bevacizumab on colon anastomotic healing in rats. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010; 25:1465-73. [PMID: 20689957 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-010-1039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of angiogenesis inhibition by bevacizumab, a monoclonal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, on the healing process of colonic anastomoses in rats, assessing some specific involved factors. This new agent is used mainly in metastatic colorectal cancer. The angiogenesis plays an important role in both wound healing and metastatic invasion and spread of malignant cells. There has not been any evidence assessing the optimal time for its safe use in operated patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups. A colonic anastomosis was performed in all rats. Half of them received intraoperatively a single dose of bevacizumab 5 mg/body weight and the rest received placebo. The animals were sacrificed on the 7th (Avastin 7th, placebo 7th) and 14th (Avastin 14th, placebo 14th) postoperative day. The anastomosis was resected and sent for histological study and for tissue biochemical assays (VEGF, endothelin-1 (ET-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), carbonylated proteins, hydroxyproline) using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test was used (of statistical significance when P < 0.05). RESULTS No complication or anastomotic dehiscence was observed. Histology did not reveal statistically significant differences between groups concerning degree of inflammation, fibroblasts, collagen, and fibrosis. Likewise, hydroxyproline levels did not differ. However, some statistically significant differences were found in VEGF, CRP and carbonyl proteins (Avastin 7th vs placebo 7th, placebo 14th vs placebo 7th), ET-1, and PAB (Avastin 14th vs Avastin 7th), which did not finally affect the collagen synthesis marker hydroxyproline, nor did the anastomotic strength. CONCLUSIONS Bevacizumab, when administered intraoperatively, has no significant effect on colon anastomotic healing in rats despite a transient mild ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios T Pavlidis
- Second Propedeutical Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hubalek M, Brunner C, Matthä K, Marth C. Resistance to HER2-targeted therapy: mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance and possible strategies to overcome unresponsiveness to treatment. Wien Med Wochenschr 2010; 160:506-12. [PMID: 20972709 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-010-0838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab has shown significant efficacy in HER2-overexpressing breast cancers and is approved for patients whose tumors carry this abnormality, both in the metastatic and in the adjuvant settings. However, several issues about its optimal use remain unresolved. Many breast cancer patients with HER2 overexpression do not respond to initial therapy with trastuzumab (Herceptin(®)), and a vast majority of these develop resistance to this monoclonal antibody within one year. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms leading to the development of trastuzumab resistance, including circulating HER2 extracellular domain, loss of PTEN, activation of alternative pathways (e.g. IGFR), and receptor-antibody interaction block. Additionally, the possibility of exploring these aberrations as therapeutic targets that potentially overcome resistance to trastuzumab is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hubalek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
EGFR signaling in breast cancer: bad to the bone. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:951-60. [PMID: 20813200 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This family includes EGFR/ErbB1/HER1, ErbB2/HER2/Neu ErbB3/HER3, and ErbB4/HER4. For many years it was believed that EGFR plays a minor role in the development and progression of breast malignancies. However, recent findings have led investigators to revisit these beliefs. Here we will review these findings and propose roles that EGFR may play in breast malignancies. In particular, we will discuss the potential roles that EGFR may play in triple-negative tumors, resistance to endocrine therapies, maintenance of stem-like tumor cells, and bone metastasis. Thus, we will propose the contexts in which EGFR may be a therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
36
|
Foley J, Nickerson NK, Nam S, Allen KT, Gilmore JL, Nephew KP, Riese DJ. EGFR signaling in breast cancer: bad to the bone. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010. [PMID: 20813200 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.08.009s1084-9521(10)00146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This family includes EGFR/ErbB1/HER1, ErbB2/HER2/Neu ErbB3/HER3, and ErbB4/HER4. For many years it was believed that EGFR plays a minor role in the development and progression of breast malignancies. However, recent findings have led investigators to revisit these beliefs. Here we will review these findings and propose roles that EGFR may play in breast malignancies. In particular, we will discuss the potential roles that EGFR may play in triple-negative tumors, resistance to endocrine therapies, maintenance of stem-like tumor cells, and bone metastasis. Thus, we will propose the contexts in which EGFR may be a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Foley
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang B, Rosano JM, Cheheltani R, Achary MP, Kiani MF. Towards a targeted multi-drug delivery approach to improve therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:1159-73. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.513968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
38
|
Carvalho S, Schmitt F. Potential role of PI3K inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer. Future Oncol 2010; 6:1251-63. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, we have witnessed advances in the understanding of molecular events that lead to breast cancer. This knowledge allowed, among other things, the development of novel therapies that target critical pathways involved in this disease. One of these pathways is the PI3K pathway, whose signaling axis has implications on cancer cell growth, survival, motility and metabolism. In the present review, the potential role of PI3K inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer is discussed. The fast pace of development of these drugs urges the discussion on the advantages and pitfalls of their application and impact in the future therapy of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Carvalho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology & Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200–465, Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hardy KM, Booth BW, Hendrix MJC, Salomon DS, Strizzi L. ErbB/EGF signaling and EMT in mammary development and breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2010; 15:191-9. [PMID: 20369376 PMCID: PMC2889136 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-010-9172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases via cognate Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like peptide ligands constitutes a major group of related signaling pathways that control proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. In this respect, clinical trials with various ErbB receptor blocking antibodies and specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors have proven to be partially efficacious in the treatment of this heterogeneous disease. Induction of an embryonic program of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer, whereupon epithelial tumor cells convert to a more mesenchymal-like phenotype, facilitates the migration, intravasation, and extravasation of tumor cells during metastasis. Breast cancers which exhibit properties of EMT are highly aggressive and resistant to therapy. Activation of ErbB signaling can regulate EMT-associated invasion and migration in normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells, as well as modulating discrete stages of mammary gland development. The purpose of this review is to summarize current information regarding the role of ErbB signaling in aspects of EMT that influence epithelial cell plasticity during mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. How this information may contribute to the improvement of therapeutic approaches in breast cancer will also be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M. Hardy
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Robert H. Lurie, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg, School of Medicine, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 222, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Brian W. Booth
- Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Mary J. C. Hendrix
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Robert H. Lurie, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg, School of Medicine, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 222, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - David S. Salomon
- Laboratory of Mammary Gland Biology and Tumorigenesis, Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Strizzi
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Robert H. Lurie, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg, School of Medicine, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 222, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou HB, Lee JH, Mayne CG, Carlson KE, Katzenellenbogen JA. Imaging progesterone receptor in breast tumors: synthesis and receptor binding affinity of fluoroalkyl-substituted analogues of tanaproget. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3349-60. [PMID: 20355713 PMCID: PMC2884396 DOI: 10.1021/jm100052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) is estrogen regulated, and PR levels in breast tumors can be used to predict the success of endocrine therapies targeting the estrogen receptor (ER). Tanaproget is a nonsteroidal progestin agonist with very high PR binding affinity and excellent in vivo potency. When appropriately radiolabeled, it might be used to image PR-positive breast tumors noninvasively by positron emission tomography (PET). We describe the synthesis and PR binding affinities of a series of fluoroalkyl-substituted 6-aryl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[d][1,3]oxazine-2-thiones, analogues of Tanaproget. Some of these compounds have subnanomolar binding affinities, higher than that of either Tanaproget itself or the high affinity PR ligand R5020. Structure-binding affinity relationships can be rationalized by molecular modeling of ligand complexes with PR, and the enantioselectivity of binding has been predicted. These compounds are being further evaluated as potential diagnostic PET imaging agents for breast cancer, and enantiomerically pure materials of defined stereochemistry are being prepared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jae Hak Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,
| | - Christopher G. Mayne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,
| | - Kathryn E. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen C, Peng J, Xia H, Wu Q, Zeng L, Xu H, Tang H, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Pang D, Li Y. Quantum-dot-based immunofluorescent imaging of HER2 and ER provides new insights into breast cancer heterogeneity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:095101. [PMID: 20110584 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/9/095101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous tumor, and better understanding of its heterogeneity is essential to improving treatment effect. Quantum dot (QD)-based immunofluorescent nanotechnology (QD-IHC) for molecular pathology has potential advantages in delineating tumor heterogeneity. This potential is explored in this paper by QD-IHC imaging of HER2 and ER. BC heterogeneity can be displayed more clearly and sensitively by QD-IHC than conventional IHC in BC tissue microarrays. Furthermore, the simultaneous imaging of ER and HER2 might help understand their interactions during the process of evolution of heterogeneous BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Mouse models of human cancer have played a vital role in understanding tumorigenesis and answering experimental questions that other systems cannot address. Advances continue to be made that allow better understanding of the mechanisms of tumor development, and therefore the identification of better therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. We review major advances that have been made in modeling cancer in the mouse and specific areas of research that have been explored with mouse models. For example, although there are differences between mice and humans, new models are able to more accurately model sporadic human cancers by specifically controlling timing and location of mutations, even within single cells. As hypotheses are developed in human and cell culture systems, engineered mice provide the most tractable and accurate test of their validity in vivo. For example, largely through the use of these models, the microenvironment has been established to play a critical role in tumorigenesis, since tumor development and the interaction with surrounding stroma can be studied as both evolve. These mouse models have specifically fueled our understanding of cancer initiation, immune system roles, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, and the relevance of molecular diversity observed among human cancers. Currently, these models are being designed to facilitate in vivo imaging to track both primary and metastatic tumor development from much earlier stages than previously possible. Finally, the approaches developed in this field to achieve basic understanding are emerging as effective tools to guide much needed development of treatment strategies, diagnostic strategies, and patient stratification strategies in clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Walrath
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
D'Alessio A, De Luca A, Maiello MR, Lamura L, Rachiglio AM, Napolitano M, Gallo M, Normanno N. Effects of the combined blockade of EGFR and ErbB-2 on signal transduction and regulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 123:387-96. [PMID: 19946741 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of breast cancer cells with a combination of the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) gefitinib and the anti-ErbB-2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab results in a synergistic antitumor effect. In this study, we addressed the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. The activation of signaling pathways and the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins were studied in SK-Br-3 and BT-474 breast cancer cells, following treatment with EGFR and/or ErbB-2 inhibitors. Treatment with the gefitinib/trastuzumab combination produced, as compared with a single agent, a more prolonged blockade of AKT and MAPK activation, a more pronounced accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, a more significant increase in the levels of p27(kip1) and of hypophosphorylated pRb2, and a decrease in the levels of Cyclin D1 and survivin. Similar findings were observed with the EGFR/ErbB-2 inhibitor lapatinib. Gefitinib, trastuzumab, and their combination increased the stability of p27(kip1), with the combination showing the highest effects. Blockade of both receptors with gefitinib/trastuzumab or lapatinib induced a significant increase in the levels of p27(kip1) mRNA and in the nuclear levels of the p27(kip1) transcription factor FKHRL-1. Inhibition of PI3K signaling also produced a significant raise in p27(kip1) mRNA. Finally, down-modulation of FKHRL-1 with siRNAs prevented the lapatinib-induced increase of p27(kip1) mRNA. The synergism deriving from EGFR and ErbB-2 blockade is mediated by several different alterations in the activation of signaling proteins and in the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, including transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of p27(kip1) expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia D'Alessio
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, INT-Fondazione Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|