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Mitrotti A, Giliberti M, Di Leo V, di Bari I, Pontrelli P, Gesualdo L. Hidden genetics behind glomerular scars: an opportunity to understand the heterogeneity of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis? Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1685-1707. [PMID: 37728640 PMCID: PMC11026212 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a complex disease which describes different kinds of kidney defects, not exclusively linked with podocyte defects. Since nephrin mutation was first described in association with early-onset nephrotic syndrome (NS), many advancements have been made in understanding genetic patterns associated with FSGS. New genetic causes of FSGS have been discovered, displaying unexpected genotypes, and recognizing possible site of damage. Many recent large-scale sequencing analyses on patients affected by idiopathic chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidney failure (KF) of unknown origin, or classified as FSGS, have revealed collagen alpha IV genes, as one of the most frequent sites of pathogenic mutations. Also, recent interest in complex and systemic lysosomal storage diseases, such as Fabry disease, has highlighted GLA mutations as possible causes of FSGS. Tubulointerstitial disease, recently classified by KDIGO based on genetic subtypes, when associated with UMOD variants, may phenotypically gain FSGS features, as well as ciliopathy genes or others, otherwise leading to completely different phenotypes, but found carrying pathogenic variants with associated FSGS phenotype. Thus, glomerulosclerosis may conceal different heterogeneous conditions. When a kidney biopsy is performed, the principal objective is to provide an accurate diagnosis. The broad spectrum of phenotypic expression and genetic complexity is demonstrating that a combined path of management needs to be applied. Genetic investigation should not be reserved only to selected cases, but rather part of medical management, integrating with clinical and renal pathology records. FSGS heterogeneity should be interpreted as an interesting opportunity to discover new pathways of CKD, requiring prompt genotype-phenotype correlation. In this review, we aim to highlight how FSGS represents a peculiar kidney condition, demanding multidisciplinary management, and in which genetic analysis may solve some otherwise unrevealed idiopathic cases. Unfortunately there is not a uniform correlation between specific mutations and FSGS morphological classes, as the same variants may be identified in familial cases or sporadic FSGS/NS or manifest a variable spectrum of the same disease. These non-specific features make diagnosis challenging. The complexity of FSGS genotypes requires new directions. Old morphological classification does not provide much information about the responsible cause of disease and misdiagnoses may expose patients to immunosuppressive therapy side effects, mistaken genetic counseling, and misguided kidney transplant programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Mitrotti
- Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Marica Giliberti
- Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Leo
- Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ighli di Bari
- Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Ghaffari-Nasab A, Ghiasi F, Keyhanmanesh R, Roshangar L, Salmani Korjan E, Nazarpoor N, Mirzaei Bavil F. Bone marrow-derived c-kit positive stem cell administration protects against diabetes-induced nephropathy in a rat model by reversing PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:603-615. [PMID: 37129768 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy has been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of systemic administration of rat bone marrow-derived c-kit positive (c-kit+) cells on diabetic nephropathy in male rats, focusing on PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway and apoptosis as a possible therapeutic mechanism. Twenty-eight animals were randomly classified into four groups: Control group (C), diabetic group (D), diabetic group, intravenously received 50 μl phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 3 × 105 c-kit- cells (D + ckit-); and diabetic group, intravenously received 50 μl PBS containing 3 × 105 c-Kit positive cells (D + ckit+). Control and diabetic groups intravenously received 50 μl PBS. C-kit+ cell therapy could reduce renal fibrosis, which was associated with attenuation of inflammation as indicated by decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the kidney tissue. In addition, c-kit+ cells restored the expression levels of PI3K, pAKT, and GSK-3β proteins. Furthermore, renal apoptosis was decreased following c-kit+ cell therapy, evidenced by the lower apoptotic index in parallel with the increased Bcl-2 and decreased Bax and Caspase-3 levels. Our results showed that in contrast to c-kit- cells, the administration of c-kit+ cells ameliorate diabetic nephropathy and suggested that c-kit+ cells could be an alternative cell source for attenuating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Ghaffari-Nasab
- Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghiasi
- Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran
| | - Elnaz Salmani Korjan
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Nazarpoor
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Mirzaei Bavil
- Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran.
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Hu S, Hang X, Wei Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhao L. Crosstalk among podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in diabetic kidney disease: an updated review. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:136. [PMID: 38374141 PMCID: PMC10875896 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a long-term and serious complication of diabetes that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by proteinuria, glomerular damage, and renal fibrosis, leading to end-stage renal disease, and the pathogenesis is complex and involves multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among three kinds of intraglomerular cells including podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and mesangial cells (MCs), the alterations in one cell type can produce changes in the others. The cell-to-cell crosstalk plays a crucial role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and homeostasis. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in understanding the pathological changes and interactions of these three types of cells in DKD and then focused on the signaling pathways and factors that mediate the crosstalk, such as angiopoietins, vascular endothelial growth factors, transforming growth factor-β, Krüppel-like factors, retinoic acid receptor response protein 1 and exosomes, etc. Furthermore, we also simply introduce the application of the latest technologies in studying cell interactions within glomerular cells and new promising mediators for cell crosstalk in DKD. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the glomerular crosstalk in DKD and highlights its importance for the development of novel intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwan Hu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xing Hang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Moriyama S, Hieda M, Kisanuki M, Kawano S, Yokoyama T, Fukata M, Kusaba H, Maruyama T, Baba E, Akashi K, Fukuda H. Both New-Onset and Pre-Existing Hypertension Indicate Favorable Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated With Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy. Circ J 2024; 88:217-225. [PMID: 36476830 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-22-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a frequent adverse event caused by vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway (VSP) inhibitors. However, the impact of hypertension on clinical outcomes during VSP inhibitor therapy remains controversial.Methods and Results: We reviewed 3,460 cancer patients treated with VSP inhibitors from the LIFE Study database, comprising Japanese claims data between 2016 and 2020. Patients were stratified into 3 groups based on the timing of hypertension onset: (1) new-onset hypertension (n=569; hypertension developing after VSP inhibitor administration); (2) pre-existing hypertension (n=1,790); and (3) no hypertension (n=1,101). Time to treatment failure (TTF) was used as the primary endpoint as a surrogate for clinical outcomes. The median (interquartile range) TTF in the new-onset and pre-existing hypertension groups was 301 (133-567) and 170 (72-358) days, respectively, compared with 146 (70-309) days in the non-hypertensive group (P<0.001 among all groups). In an adjusted Cox proportional hazard model, new-onset (hazard ratio [HR] 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50-0.68; P<0.001) and pre-existing (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.73-0.98; P=0.026) hypertension were independent factors for prolonged TTF. The TTF of new-onset hypertension was longer than that of pre-existing hypertension (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.62-0.76; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted that new-onset hypertension induced by VSP inhibitors was an independent factor for favorable clinical outcomes. Pre-existing hypertension before VSP inhibitor initiation was also a significant factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Moriyama
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital
| | - Michinari Hieda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital
| | - Megumi Kisanuki
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital
| | - Shotaro Kawano
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hamanomachi Hospital
| | - Taku Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital
| | - Mitsuhiro Fukata
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital
| | - Hitoshi Kusaba
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital
- Division of Oncology, Hamanomachi Hospital
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital
- Division of Cardiology, Haradoi Hospital
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Kyushu University
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital
| | - Haruhisa Fukuda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University
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Liu X, Mao Z, Yuan M, Li L, Tan Y, Qu Z, Chen M, Yu F. Glomerular mTORC1 activation was associated with podocytes to endothelial cells communication in lupus nephritis. Lupus Sci Med 2023; 10:10/1/e000896. [PMID: 37147021 PMCID: PMC10163597 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was initiated to evaluate the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway involved in renal endothelial-podocyte crosstalk in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS We compared the kidney protein expression patterns of 10 patients with LN with severe endothelial-podocyte injury and 3 patients with non-severe endothelial-podocyte injury on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney tissues using label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for quantitative proteomics analysis. Podocyte injury was graded by foot process width (FPW). The severe group was referred to patients with both glomerular endocapillary hypercellularity and FPW >1240 nm. The non-severe group included patients with normal endothelial capillaries and FPW in the range of 619~1240 nm. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed based on the protein intensity levels of differentially expressed proteins in each patient. An enriched mTOR pathway was selected, and the activation of mTOR complexes in renal biopsied specimens was further verified in 176 patients with LN. RESULTS Compared with those of the non-severe group, 230 proteins were upregulated and 54 proteins were downregulated in the severe group. Furthermore, GO enrichment analysis showed enrichment in the 'positive regulation of mTOR signalling' pathway. The glomerular activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) was significantly increased in the severe group compared with the non-severe group (p=0.034), and mTORC1 was located in podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells. Glomerular activation of mTORC1 was positively correlated with endocapillary hypercellularity (r=0.289, p<0.001) and significantly increased in patients with both endocapillary hypercellularity and FPW >1240 nm (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Glomerular mTORC1 was highly activated in patients with both glomerular endocapillary hypercellularity and podocyte injury, which might be involved in podocytes to endothelial cells communication in lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Liu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of lmmune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaomin Mao
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of lmmune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Yuan
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of lmmune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of lmmune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of lmmune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Qu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of lmmune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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Choi S, Hong SP, Bae JH, Suh SH, Bae H, Kang KP, Lee HJ, Koh GY. Hyperactivation of YAP/TAZ Drives Alterations in Mesangial Cells through Stabilization of N-Myc in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:809-828. [PMID: 36724799 PMCID: PMC10125647 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mesangial cells (MCs) in the kidney are essential to maintaining glomerular integrity, and their impairment leads to major glomerular diseases including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although high blood glucose elicits abnormal alterations in MCs, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We show that YAP/TAZ are increased in MCs of patients with DN and two animal models of DN. High glucose directly induces activation of YAP/TAZ through the canonical Hippo pathway in cultured MCs. Hyperactivation of YAP/TAZ in mouse MCs recapitulates the hallmarks of DN. Activated YAP/TAZ bind and stabilize N-Myc, one of the Myc family. N-Myc stabilization leads to aberrant enhancement of its transcriptional activity and to MC impairments. Our findings shed light on how high blood glucose in diabetes mellitus leads to DN and support a rationale that lowering blood glucose in diabetes mellitus could delay DN pathogenesis. BACKGROUND Mesangial cells (MCs) in the kidney are central to maintaining glomerular integrity, and their impairment leads to major glomerular diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although high blood glucose elicits abnormal alterations in MCs, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. METHODS Immunolocalization of YAP/TAZ and pathological features of PDGFRβ + MCs were analyzed in the glomeruli of patients with DN, in Zucker diabetic fatty rats, and in Lats1/2i ΔPβ mice. RiboTag bulk-RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis of gene expression profiles of the isolated MCs from control and Lats1/2iΔPβ mice were performed. Immunoprecipitation analysis and protein stability of N-Myc were performed by the standard protocols. RESULTS YAP and TAZ, the final effectors of the Hippo pathway, are highly increased in MCs of patients with DN and in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Moreover, high glucose directly induces activation of YAP/TAZ through the canonical Hippo pathway in cultured MCs. Hyperactivation of YAP/TAZ in mouse model MCs recapitulates the hallmarks of DN, including excessive proliferation of MCs and extracellular matrix deposition, endothelial cell impairment, glomerular sclerosis, albuminuria, and reduced glomerular filtration rate. Mechanistically, activated YAP/TAZ bind and stabilize N-Myc protein, one of the Myc family of oncogenes. N-Myc stabilization leads to aberrant enhancement of its transcriptional activity and eventually to MC impairments and DN pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shed light on how high blood glucose in diabetes mellitus leads to DN and support a rationale that lowering blood glucose in diabetes mellitus could delay DN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeok Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Pyo Hong
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Bae
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Suh
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Bae
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Pyo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuek Jong Lee
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Ribatti D, Ligresti G, Nicosia RF. Kidney endothelial cell heterogeneity, angiocrine activity and paracrine regulatory mechanisms. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 148:107139. [PMID: 36539108 PMCID: PMC10828957 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The blood microvascular endothelium consists of a heterogeneous population of cells with regionally distinct morphologies and transcriptional signatures in different tissues and organs. In addition to providing an anti-thrombogenic surface for blood flow, endothelial cells perform a multitude of additional regulatory tasks involving organogenesis, metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, repair and organ homeostasis. To communicate with surrounding cells and accomplish their many functions, endothelial cells secrete angiocrine factors including growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and proteolytic enzymes. Nonendothelial parenchymal and stromal cells in turn regulate endothelial growth, differentiation and survival during embryonal development and in the adult by paracrine mechanisms. Driven by advances in molecular biology, animal genetics, single cell transcriptomics and microscopic imaging, knowledge of organotypic vasculatures has expanded rapidly in recent years. The kidney vasculature, in particular, has been the focus of intensive investigation and represents a primary example of how endothelial heterogeneity and crosstalk with nonendothelial cells contribute to the development and function of a vital organ. In this paper, we review the morphology, function, and development of the kidney vasculature, with an emphasis on blood microvascular endothelial heterogeneity, and provide examples of endothelial and nonendothelial-derived factors that are critically involved in kidney development, growth, response to injury, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso (SMBNOS), Universita' degli Studi Aldo Moro, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, - Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box 356100, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
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Cardiotoxicity of Selected Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010181. [PMID: 36672689 PMCID: PMC9855533 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms of the kidney. The therapeutic options available for the treatment of advanced or metastatic RCC include vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-targeted molecules, for example, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Various VEGFR-TKIs proved to be effective in the treatment of patients with solid tumours. The combination of two drugs may prove most beneficial in the treatment of metastatic RCC; however, it also enhances the risk of toxicity compared to monotherapy. Specific VEGFR-TKIs (e.g., sunitinib, sorafenib or pazopanib) may increase the rate of cardiotoxicity in metastatic settings. VEGF inhibitors modulate multiple signalling pathways; thus, the identification of the mechanism underlying cardiotoxicity appears challenging. VEGF signalling is vital for the maintenance of cardiomyocyte homeostasis and cardiac function; therefore, its inhibition can be responsible for the reported adverse effects. Disturbed growth factor signalling pathways may be associated with endothelial dysfunction, impaired revascularization, the development of dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophies and altered peripheral vascular load. Patients at high cardiovascular risk at baseline could benefit from clinical follow-up in the first 2-4 weeks after the introduction of targeted molecular therapy; however, there is no consensus concerning the surveillance strategy.
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Horino T, Eguchi T, Inotani S, Hirose A, Ishihara M, Yagyu K, Uchida K, Fujieda M, Terada Y. Overlap of Thrombotic Microangiopathy and Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Caused by Combination Therapy with Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab. Intern Med 2023; 62:91-94. [PMID: 35705272 PMCID: PMC9876725 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9425-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors are effective treatments for solid tumors. These new classes of anti-cancer agents frequently cause kidney-related side effects. Although their anti-cancer effects may be enhanced when used in combination, the severity of their kidney-related side effects is unknown. We herein report the first case of thrombotic microangiopathy and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis caused by combined treatment with atezolizumab and bevacizumab in a 74-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma. The combination therapy was discontinued and replaced with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone. Subsequently, the urinary protein excretion levels declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Horino
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Eguchi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inotani
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Japan
| | - Akira Hirose
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Yagyu
- Science Research Center, Kochi Medical School, Japan
| | - Kazushige Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Terada
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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Gan G, Michel M, Max A, Sujet-Perone N, Zevering Y, Vermion JC, Zaidi M, Savenkoff B, Perone JM. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis after intravitreal vascular growth factor inhibitor injections: A case report and review of the literature. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:401-409. [PMID: 36208427 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of agents that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and therefore vascular proliferation is often used to treat various cancers. However, these agents are associated with a number of side effects, including proteinuria and renal injury. Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents has become the cornerstone of macular disease treatment. Since these agents cross the blood-retina barrier and enter the circulation, systemic side effects have been reported. We report the novel case of a 57-year-old patient who presented with macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion, underwent three monthly loading-dose injections with the anti-VEGF agent ranibizumab, and 2 weeks after the second injection presented with biopsy-verified membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Twelve weeks after presenting with renal failure and 10 weeks after his last anti-VEGF injection, the patient demonstrated spontaneous recovery of his kidney function. The patient had a history that promoted renal fragility, including hypertension, liver transplantation 6 years earlier for alcohol-related cirrhosis and new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplant. Our literature review and case suggest that although adverse renal events after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are very rare, ophthalmologists and nephrologists should be aware of this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Mathis Michel
- Department of Nephrology, Mercy Hospital, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Metz, France
| | - Antoine Max
- Cypath Metz, Cytopathology Laboratory, Metz, France
| | - Nicolas Sujet-Perone
- Department of Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, Reims University Hospital Center, Reims, France
| | - Yinka Zevering
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Charles Vermion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Mohamed Zaidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
| | - Benjamin Savenkoff
- Department of Nephrology, Mercy Hospital, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Marc Perone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Mercy Hospital, Metz, France
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11
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Peng Y, Li B, Li X, Ju T, Zhang Z, Wang P, Sun T, Shu J, Wang M, Sun X, Chen H, Gao C, Xia Z. Glomerular capillary C3 deposition as a risk factor for unfavorable renal outcome in pediatric primary focal segmental glomerular sclerosis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1137375. [PMID: 37025292 PMCID: PMC10070806 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1137375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Some patients with primary focal segmental sclerosis (FSGS) demonstrate complement 3 (C3) deposition in glomerular capillary loops (Cap-C3) and/or mesangial area (Mes-C3). The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of C3 deposition remains incompletely investigated, especially in the pediatric cohort. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 264 children of biopsy-proven primary FSGS between January 2003 and December 2020. The correlation between Cap-C3 and renal outcome was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multivariate regression analysis. Renal end-point event was defined as the development of end-stage renal disease, death for renal disease, or an estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction by at least 50% from baseline. Results Among the 264 patients, 30 (11.4%) had Cap-C3. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with Cap-C3 had significantly lower renal survival rates than patients without Cap-C3 (60.17% vs. 84.71% at 5 years, 39.49% vs. 65.55% at 10 years, P < 0.01). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that Cap-C3 was an independent risk factor for poor renal outcome (HR 3.53, 95% CI 1.22-10.19, P = 0.02). Conclusion Glomerular capillary C3 deposition was an independent risk factor for unfavorable renal outcome in children with primary FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Banghai Li
- Department of Medical Insurance Section, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medical Information, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaping Shu
- Department of Medical Information, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiqiu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlin Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Correspondence: Zhengkun Xia Chunlin Gao
| | - Zhengkun Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Correspondence: Zhengkun Xia Chunlin Gao
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12
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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13
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Glomerular Endothelial Cell-Derived miR-200c Impairs Glomerular Homeostasis by Targeting Podocyte VEGF-A. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315070. [PMID: 36499397 PMCID: PMC9735846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms of primary podocytopathies that can lead to end-stage renal disease and increased mortality is an unmet need. Studying how microRNAs (miRs) interfere with various signaling pathways enables identification of pathomechanisms, novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic options. We investigated the expression of miR-200c in urine from patients with different renal diseases as a potential candidate involved in podocytopathies. The role of miR-200c for the glomerulus and its potential targets were studied in cultured human podocytes, human glomerular endothelial cells and in the zebrafish model. miR-200c was upregulated in urine from patients with minimal change disease, membranous glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and also in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) stressed glomerular endothelial cells, but not in podocytes. In zebrafish, miR-200c overexpression caused proteinuria, edema, podocyte foot process effacement and glomerular endotheliosis. Although zinc finger E-Box binding homeobox 1/2 (ZEB1/2), important in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), are prominent targets of miR-200c, their downregulation did not explain our zebrafish phenotype. We detected decreased vegfaa/bb in zebrafish overexpressing miR-200c and could further prove that miR-200c decreased VEGF-A expression and secretion in cultured human podocytes. We hypothesize that miR-200c is released from glomerular endothelial cells during cell stress and acts in a paracrine, autocrine, as well as context-dependent manner in the glomerulus. MiR-200c can cause glomerular damage most likely due to the reduction of podocyte VEGF-A. In contrast, miR-200c might also influence ZEB expression and therefore EMT, which might be important in other conditions. Therefore, we propose that miR-200c-mediated effects in the glomerulus are context-sensitive.
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14
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Fu Y, Xiang Y, Li H, Chen A, Dong Z. Inflammation in kidney repair: Mechanism and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108240. [PMID: 35803367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The kidney has a remarkable ability of repair after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, when injury is severe or persistent, the repair is incomplete or maladaptive and may lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maladaptive kidney repair involves multiple cell types and multifactorial processes, of which inflammation is a key component. In the process of inflammation, there is a bidirectional interplay between kidney parenchymal cells and the immune system. The extensive and complex crosstalk between renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial cells, including immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, governs the repair and recovery of the injured kidney. Further research in this field is imperative for the discovery of biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for kidney repair. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the immune response and inflammation during maladaptive kidney repair, analyzing the interaction between immune cells and intrinsic kidney cells, pointing out the potentialities of inflammation-related pathways as therapeutic targets, and discussing the challenges and future research prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Anqun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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15
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Miao C, Zhu X, Wei X, Long M, Jiang L, Li C, Jin D, Du Y. Pro- and anti-fibrotic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor in chronic kidney diseases. Ren Fail 2022; 44:881-892. [PMID: 35618410 PMCID: PMC9154791 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2079528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the inevitable common end-point of all progressive chronic kidney diseases. The underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis are complex, and currently there is no effective therapy against renal fibrosis. Renal microvascular rarefaction contributes to the progression of renal fibrosis; however, an imbalance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors leads to the loss of renal microvasculature. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important pro-angiogenic factor. Recent studies have unraveled the involvement of VEGF in the regulation of renal microvascular rarefaction and fibrosis via various mechanisms; however, it is not clear whether it has anti-fibrotic or pro-fibrotic effect. This paper reviews the available evidence pertaining to the function of VEGF in the fibrotic process and explores the associated underlying mechanisms. Our synthesis will help identify the future research priorities for developing specialized treatments for alleviating or preventing renal fibrosis. Abbreviation: VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ESKD: end-stage kidney disease; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; AKI: acute kidney injury; EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; HIF: hypoxia-inducible factor; α-SMA: α smooth muscle actin; UUO: unilateral ureteral obstruction; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; PMT: pericyte-myofibroblast transition; NO: nitric oxide; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; nNOS: neuronal nitric oxide synthase; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; sGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; PKG: soluble guanylate cyclase dependent protein kinases; UP R: unfolded protein response
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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16
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Kim JW, Nam SA, Yi J, Kim JY, Lee JY, Park S, Sen T, Choi Y, Lee JY, Kim HL, Kim HW, Park J, Cho D, Kim YK. Kidney Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Enhanced the Vascularization and Maturation of Human Kidney Organoids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103526. [PMID: 35322595 PMCID: PMC9130892 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have extensive potential for disease modelling and regenerative medicine. However, the limited vascularization and immaturity of kidney organoids have been still remained to overcome. Extracellular matrix (ECM) can provide mechanical support and a biochemical microenvironment for cell growth and differentiation. Here in vitro methods using a kidney decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogel to culture hPSC-derived kidney organoids, which have extensive vascular network and their own endothelial cells, are reported. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal that the vascularized kidney organoids cultured using the kidney dECM have more mature patterns of glomerular development and higher similarity to human kidney than those cultured without the kidney dECM. Differentiation of α-galactosidase A (GLA)-knock-out hPSCs generated using CRISPR/Cas9 into kidney organoids by the culture method using kidney dECM efficiently recapitulate Fabry nephropathy with vasculopathy. Transplantation of kidney organoids with kidney dECM into kidney of mouse accelerates the recruitment of endothelial cells from the host mouse kidney and maintains vascular integrity with the more organized slit diaphragm-like structures than those without kidney dECM. The kidney dECM methodology for inducing extensive vascularization and maturation of kidney organoids can be applied to studies for kidney development, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Won Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
| | - Sun Ah Nam
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
| | - Jawoon Yi
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Korea
| | - Jae Yun Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and BioengineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Korea
| | - Jong Young Lee
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
| | - Seo‐Yeon Park
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
| | - Tugce Sen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangKyungbuk790‐784Korea
| | - Yoo‐mi Choi
- Department of Convergence IT EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Lee
- Department of Companion Animal HealthDaegu Haany UniversityGyeongsan790‐784Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwon16247Korea
| | - Jiwhan Park
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Korea
| | - Dong‐Woo Cho
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and BioengineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Korea
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangKyungbuk790‐784Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul06591Korea
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwon16247Korea
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17
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Al Kawas H, Saaid I, Jank P, Westhoff CC, Denkert C, Pross T, Weiler KBS, Karsten MM. How VEGF-A and its splice variants affect breast cancer development - clinical implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:227-239. [PMID: 35303290 PMCID: PMC9050780 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered expression levels and structural variations in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been found to play important roles in cancer development and to be associated with the overall survival and therapy response of cancer patients. Particularly VEGF-A and its splice variants have been found to affect physiological and pathological angiogenic processes, including tumor angiogenesis, correlating with tumor progression, mostly caused by overexpression. This review focuses on the expression and impact of VEGF-A splice variants under physiologic conditions and in tumors and, in particular, the distribution and role of isoform VEGF165b in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Many publications already highlighted the importance of VEGF-A and its splice variants in tumor therapy, especially in breast cancer, which are summarized in this review. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that cytoplasmatic VEGFA/165b expression is higher in invasive breast cancer tumor cells than in normal tissues or stroma. These examples show that the detection of VEGF splice variants can be performed also on the protein level in formalin fixed tissues. Although no quantitative conclusions can be drawn, these results may be the starting point for further studies at a quantitative level, which can be a major step towards the design of targeted antibody-based (breast) cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hivin Al Kawas
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inas Saaid
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Jank
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Therese Pross
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maria Margarete Karsten
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Fu J, Shinjo T, Li Q, St-Louis R, Park K, Yu MG, Yokomizo H, Simao F, Huang Q, Wu IH, King GL. Regenerating glomerular metabolism and function by podocyte pyruvate kinase M2 in diabetic nephropathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155260. [PMID: 35133981 PMCID: PMC8983139 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) arises from systemic and local changes in glucose metabolism and hemodynamics. We have reported that many glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes, such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), were elevated in renal glomeruli of DN-protected type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Here, mice with PKM2-specific overexpression in podocytes (PPKM2Tg) were generated to uncover its renal protective function as potential therapeutic target, which prevented elevated albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), mesangial expansion, basement membrane thickness and podocyte foot process effacement after 7-months of STZ-induced diabetes. Further, diabetes-induced impairment of glycolytic rate and mitochondrial function were normalized in diabetic PPKM2Tg glomeruli, in concordance with elevated Ppargc1a and Vegf expressions. Restored VEGF expression improved glomerular maximal mitochondrial function in diabetic PPKM2Tg and WT mice. Elevated VEGF levels were observed in the glomeruli of DN-protected patients with chronic type 1 diabetes, and clinically correlated with estimated GFR, but not glycemic control. Mechanistically, the preservations of mitochondrial function and VEGF expression were dependent on tetrameric structure and enzymatic activities of PKM2 in podocyte. These findings demonstrated that PKM2 structure and enzymatic activation in podocytes can preserve entire glomerular mitochondrial function against toxicity of hyperglycemia via paracrine factors such as VEGF and prevent DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Fu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Qian Li
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ronald St-Louis
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Marc G Yu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Hisashi Yokomizo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Fabricio Simao
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Qian Huang
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - George L King
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
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19
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Clark AR, Marshall J, Zhou Y, Montesinos MS, Chen H, Nguyen L, Chen F, Greka A. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveal Disrupted Kidney Filter Cell-Cell Interactions after Early and Selective Podocyte Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:281-294. [PMID: 34861215 PMCID: PMC8892500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The health of the kidney filtration barrier requires communication among podocytes, endothelial cells, and mesangial cells. Disruption of these cell-cell interactions is thought to contribute to disease progression in chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Podocyte ablation via doxycycline-inducible deletion of an essential endogenous molecule, CTCF [inducible podocyte-specific CTCF deletion (iCTCFpod-/-)], is sufficient to drive progressive CKD. However, the earliest events connecting podocyte injury to disrupted intercellular communication within the kidney filter remain unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing of kidney tissue from iCTCFpod-/- mice after 1 week of doxycycline induction was performed to generate a map of the earliest transcriptional effects of podocyte injury on cell-cell interactions at single-cell resolution. A subset of podocytes had the earliest signs of injury due to disrupted gene programs for cytoskeletal regulation and mitochondrial function. Surviving podocytes up-regulated collagen type IV ɑ5, causing reactive changes in integrin expression in endothelial populations and mesangial cells. Intercellular interaction analysis revealed several receptor-ligand-target gene programs as drivers of endothelial cell injury and abnormal matrix deposition. This analysis reveals the earliest disruptive changes within the kidney filter, pointing to new, actionable targets within a therapeutic window that may allow us to maximize the success of much needed therapeutic interventions for CKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbe R. Clark
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamie Marshall
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monica S. Montesinos
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Haiqi Chen
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fei Chen
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Greka
- Kidney Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Address correspondence to Anna Greka, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Blackfan Circle, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02115.
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20
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Nagao RJ, Marcu R, Shin YJ, Lih D, Xue J, Arang N, Wei L, Akilesh S, Kaushansky A, Himmelfarb J, Zheng Y. Cyclosporine Induces Fenestra-Associated Injury in Human Renal Microvessels In Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:196-207. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Nagao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Raluca Marcu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Yu Jung Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel Lih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nadia Arang
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Ling Wei
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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21
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Kotake H, Yamada S, Ogura Y, Watanabe S, Inoue K, Ichikawa D, Sugaya T, Ohata K, Natsuki Y, Hoshino S, Watanabe M, Kimura K, Shibagaki Y, Kamijo-Ikemori A. Endurance exercise training-attenuated diabetic kidney disease with muscle weakness in spontaneously diabetic Torii fatty rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 47:203-218. [PMID: 34923497 DOI: 10.1159/000521464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate protective effects of endurance exercise training against diabetic kidney disease (DKD) with muscle weakness by using male spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats as type 2 diabetic animal models with obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Methods Eight-week-old SDT fatty rats (n = 12) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 10) were randomly divided into exercise (Ex; SDT-Ex: n = 6, SD-Ex: n = 5) and sedentary groups (SDT-Cont: n = 6, SD-Cont: n = 5), respectively. Each group underwent regular treadmill exercise four times a week from ages 8 to 16 weeks. Results The exercise attenuated hypertension and hyperlipidemia and prevented increases in renal parameter levels without affecting blood glucose levels. In the SDT fatty rats, it prevented induction of renal morphological abnormalities in the interstitium of the superficial and intermediate layers of the cortex. Downregulated expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the glomerulus of the SDT fatty rats was significantly upregulated by the exercise. The exercise upregulated the renal expressions of both medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α related to fatty acid metabolism. It increased muscle strength and both muscle weight and cross-sectional area of type IIb muscle fibers in the extensor digitorum longus muscle in the SDT fatty rats. Conclusion Endurance exercise training in type 2 diabetes ameliorates DKD by improving endothelial abnormality and enhancing fatty acid metabolism in addition to attenuated hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and muscle weakness independently of blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kotake
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamada
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shiika Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuho Inoue
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohata
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Natsuki
- Institute for Ultrastructural Morphology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Seiko Hoshino
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Minoru Watanabe
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Yugo Shibagaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kamijo-Ikemori
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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22
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Dong Z, Zhang J, Niu L, Hou G, Gao Z, Yang Q. miR-381-3p Involves in Glioma Progression by Suppressing Tumor-Promoter Factor ANTXR1. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4883509. [PMID: 34956398 PMCID: PMC8702332 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4883509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating studies revealed association between development of glioma and miRNA dysregulation. A case in point is miR-381-3p, but its mechanism in glioma is unclear yet. In this work, we confirmed that overexpressed miR-381-3p repressed biological functions of glioma cells. Additionally, we also discovered that upregulated anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) was negatively mediated by miR-381-3p. We further proved that miR-381-3p-targeted ANTXR1 was able to counteract the suppression of miR-381-3p on biological functions of glioma. We concluded that miR-381-3p and ANTXR1 were both important factors in modulating glioma progression. miR-381-3p/ANTXR1 axis is expected to be a molecular target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jinglong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Liang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guokuo Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhenshan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
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23
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Feng S, Huang N, Xue M, Zhang P, Zhong Z, Guo Q, Li Z. Association between urinary VEGFA and renal pathology of IgA nephropathy patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23995. [PMID: 34498313 PMCID: PMC8551689 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal biopsy remains the golden standard for diagnosing and monitoring IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was crucial for the survival of glomerular cells. Our aim was to screen the expression pattern of urinary, circulating and renal VEGFA in IgAN patients to reveal their relationship with renal pathology and outcomes. METHODS Baseline VEGFA levels were determined with ELISA, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Associations between VEGFA expression and clinical-pathological parameters, and renal outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, urinary VEGFA level was obviously elevated in IgAN patients (76.19 ± 63.67 pg/mg Cr vs 146.67 ± 232.71 pg/mg Cr, p = 0.0291) and not correlated with serum VEGFA level. Baseline urinary VEGFA was significantly associated with gender and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis by stepwise multivariate regression analysis. Urinary VEGFA was higher in male patients accompanied with higher serum creatinine, larger proportion of hypertension and recurrent hematuria than in female patients. In the kidney of IgAN patients, VEGFA were robustly expressed in the parietal epithelial cells, podocytes, mesangial cells and tubular epithelial cells. After a follow-up duration of 38.53 ± 27.14 months, IgAN patients with higher urinary VEGFA level were found to have a poorer renal outcome of renal replacement therapy (HR = 1.027, p = 0.037) or composite outcome (HR = 1.023, p = 0.039) after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Increased urinary VEGFA might reflect certain renal pathology and, although not fully specific, still could be served as a valuable noninvasive indicator in predicting renal progression of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Feng
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Naya Huang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Miaorong Xue
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Puhua Zhang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhong Zhong
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Qunying Guo
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyGuangzhouChina
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24
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Kim SR, Puranik AS, Jiang K, Chen X, Zhu XY, Taylor I, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Lerman A, Hickson LJ, Childs BG, Textor SC, Tchkonia T, Niewold TB, Kirkland JL, Lerman LO. Progressive Cellular Senescence Mediates Renal Dysfunction in Ischemic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1987-2004. [PMID: 34135081 PMCID: PMC8455278 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral vascular diseases may induce chronic ischemia and cellular injury distal to the arterial obstruction. Cellular senescence involves proliferation arrest in response to stress, which can damage neighboring cells. Renal artery stenosis (RAS) induces stenotic-kidney dysfunction and injury, but whether these arise from cellular senescenceand their temporal pattern remain unknown. METHODS Chronic renal ischemia was induced in transgenic INK-ATTAC and wild type C57BL/6 mice by unilateral RAS, and kidney function (in vivo micro-MRI) and tissue damage were assessed. Mouse healthy and stenotic kidneys were analyzed using unbiased single-cell RNA-sequencing. To demonstrate translational relevance, cellular senescence was studied in human stenotic kidneys. RESULTS Using intraperitoneal AP20187 injections starting 1, 2, or 4 weeks after RAS, selective clearance of cells highly expressing p16Ink4a attenuated cellular senescence and improved stenotic-kidney function; however, starting treatment immediately after RAS induction was unsuccessful. Broader clearance of senescent cells, using the oral senolytic combination dasatinib and quercetin, in C57BL/6 RAS mice was more effective in clearing cells positive for p21 (Cdkn1a) and alleviating renal dysfunction and damage. Unbiased, single-cell RNA sequencing in freshly dissociated cells from healthy and stenotic mouse kidneys identified stenotic-kidney epithelial cells undergoing both mesenchymal transition and senescence. As in mice, injured human stenotic kidneys exhibited cellular senescence, suggesting this process is conserved. CONCLUSIONS Maladaptive tubular cell senescence, involving upregulated p16 (Cdkn2a), p19 (Cdkn2d), and p21 (Cdkn1a) expression, is associated with renal dysfunction and injury in chronic ischemia. These findings support development of senolytic strategies to delay chronic ischemic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Rin Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,Department of Nephrology and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Amrutesh S. Puranik
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,Colton Center for Autoimmunity, Division of Rheumatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ian Taylor
- FlowJo, BD Life Sciences, Ashland, Oregon
| | | | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - LaTonya J. Hickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bennett G. Childs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen C. Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Timothy B. Niewold
- Colton Center for Autoimmunity, Division of Rheumatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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25
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Wedn AM, El-Bassossy HM, Eid AH, El-Mas MM. Modulation of preeclampsia by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: Therapeutic perspectives. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114703. [PMID: 34324867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is vital for the orchestration of the immune and inflammatory responses under normal and challenged conditions. Over the past two decades, peripheral and central circuits of CAP have been shown to be critically involved in dampening the inflammatory reaction in a wide array of inflammatory disorders. Additionally, emerging evidence supports a key role for CAP in the regulation of the female reproductive system during gestation as well as in the advent of serious pregnancy-related inflammatory insults such as preeclampsia (PE). Within this framework, the modulatory action of CAP encompasses the perinatal maternal and fetal adverse consequences that surface due to antenatal PE programming. Albeit, a considerable gap still exists in our knowledge of the precise cellular and molecular underpinnings of PE/CAP interaction, which hampered global efforts in safeguarding effective preventive or therapeutic measures against PE complications. Here, we summarize reports in the literature regarding the roles of peripheral and reflex cholinergic neuroinflammatory pathways of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in reprogramming PE complications in mothers and their progenies. The possible contributions of α7-nAChRs, cholinesterases, immune cells, adhesion molecules, angiogenesis, and endothelial dysfunction to the interaction have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla M Wedn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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26
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Tu KH, Fan PY, Chen TD, Chuang WY, Wu CY, Ku CL, Tian YC, Yang CW, Fang JT, Yang HY. TAFRO Syndrome with Renal Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Insights into the Molecular Mechanism and Treatment Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126286. [PMID: 34208103 PMCID: PMC8230834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TAFRO syndrome is an extremely rare form of idiopathic MCD, characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis on bone marrow biopsy, and organomegaly. Like idiopathic MCD, renal involvement is also a common presentation in patients with TAFRO syndrome. Furthermore, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)-like injury and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) are the most reported histopathologic findings of renal biopsy. Several molecular mechanisms have been previously postulated in order to explain the TAFRO syndrome symptoms, including abnormal production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), etc. The role of these cytokines in renal injury, however, is not well understood. The aim of this review article is to summarize the latest knowledge of molecular mechanisms behind the TAFRO syndrome and their potential role in renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hua Tu
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
- Transplantation Immunology Lab, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Fan
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
| | - Tai-Di Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (T.-D.C.); (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (T.-D.C.); (W.-Y.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gang University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Lung Ku
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gang University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
- Transplantation Immunology Lab, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gang University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ji-Tseng Fang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gang University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-H.T.); (P.-Y.F.); (Y.-C.T.); (C.-W.Y.); (J.-T.F.)
- Transplantation Immunology Lab, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Advanced Immunology Lab, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3328-1200-8181
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27
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Text Mining-Based Drug Discovery in Osteoarthritis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:6674744. [PMID: 33953899 PMCID: PMC8060081 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6674744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative joint disease, which causes stiffness, pain, and decreased function. At the early stage of OA, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered the first-line treatment. However, the efficacy and utility of available drug therapies are limited. We aim to use bioinformatics to identify potential genes and drugs associated with OA. Methods The genes related to OA and NSAIDs therapy were determined by text mining. Then, the common genes were performed for GO, KEGG pathway analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Using the MCODE plugin-obtained hub genes, the expression levels of hub genes were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The confirmed genes were queried in the Drug Gene Interaction Database to determine potential genes and drugs. Results The qRT-PCR result showed that the expression level of 15 genes was significantly increased in OA samples. Finally, eight potential genes were targetable to a total of 53 drugs, twenty-one of which have been employed to treat OA and 32 drugs have not yet been used in OA. Conclusions The 15 genes (including PTGS2, NLRP3, MMP9, IL1RN, CCL2, TNF, IL10, CD40, IL6, NGF, TP53, RELA, BCL2L1, VEGFA, and NOTCH1) and 32 drugs, which have not been used in OA but approved by the FDA for other diseases, could be potential genes and drugs, respectively, to improve OA treatment. Additionally, those methods provided tremendous opportunities to facilitate drug repositioning efforts and study novel target pharmacology in the pharmaceutical industry.
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28
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Glomerular filtrate affects the dynamics of podocyte detachment in a model of diffuse toxic podocytopathy. Kidney Int 2021; 99:1149-1161. [PMID: 33582108 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury and subsequent detachment are hallmarks of progressive glomerulosclerosis. In addition to cell injury, unknown mechanical forces on the injured podocyte may promote detachment. To identify the nature of these mechanical forces, we studied the dynamics of podocyte detachment using sequential ultrastructural geometry analysis by transmission electron microscopy in NEP25, a mouse model of podocytopathy induced by anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38 (LMB2), a fusion protein attached to Pseudomonas exotoxin A, targeting CD25 on podocytes. After LMB2 injection, foot process effacement occurred on day three but detachment commenced on day eight and extended to day ten, reaching toward the urinary pole in clusters. Podocyte detachment was associated with foot process effacement covering over 60% of the glomerular basement membrane length. However, approximately 25% of glomeruli with diffuse (over 80%) foot process effacement showed no detachment. Blocking glomerular filtration via unilateral ureteral obstruction resulted in diffuse foot process effacement but no pseudocysts or detachment, whereas uninephrectomy increased pseudocysts and accelerated detachment, indicating that glomerular filtrate drives podocyte detachment via pseudocyst formation as a forerunner. Additionally, more detachment was observed in juxtamedullary glomeruli than in superficial glomeruli. Thus, glomerular filtrate drives the dynamics of podocyte detachment in this model of podocytopathy. Hence, foot process effacement may be a prerequisite allowing filtrate to generate local mechanical forces that expand the subpodocyte space forming pseudocysts, promote podocyte detachment and subsequent segmental sclerosis.
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29
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Fang HZ, Hu DL, Li Q, Tu S. Risk gene identification and support vector machine learning to construct an early diagnosis model of myocardial infarction. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1775-1782. [PMID: 32705275 PMCID: PMC7411293 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify genes associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and construct an early diagnosis model based on support vector machine (SVM) learning. The gene expression profile data of GSE34198, containing 97 human blood samples including 49 patients with MI and 48 healthy individuals, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) screening, DEG enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network investigation and clustering analysis were performed. The feature genes were identified using the neighboring score algorithm. Furthermore, a recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm was employed to screen risk factors among feature genes. The SVM prediction model was constructed and validated using the dataset GSE61144. A total of 1,207 DEGs (724 downregulated, 483 upregulated) between the two groups were identified. PPI analysis investigated 1,083 DEGs and 46,363 edges. In total, 87 genes were selected as candidate genes, and were primarily enriched in functions including ‘G-protein coupled receptor signaling’ or pathways such as ‘focal adhesion’. Furthermore, 15 genes with a high RFE score were selected to construct an SVM prediction model. The model's average accuracy was 86%. Data set verification showed that the predictive precision reached 0.92. High expression of the genes vascular endothelial growth factor A, A-kinase anchoring protein 12 and olfactory receptor 8D2 were potential risk factors for MI. The SVM early diagnosis model constructed by candidate genes could not only predict early MI, but also provide risk probability according to the severity of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhi Fang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Li Hu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Su Tu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
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Koning M, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ. Stem cell-derived kidney organoids: engineering the vasculature. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2257-2273. [PMID: 31807815 PMCID: PMC7275011 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Kidney organoids can be generated from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using protocols that resemble the embryonic development of the kidney. The renal structures thus generated offer great potential for disease modeling, drug screening, and possibly future therapeutic application. At the same time, use of these PSC-derived organoids is hampered by lack of maturation and off-target differentiation. Here, we review the main protocols for the generation of kidney organoids from human-induced PSCs, discussing their advantages and limitations. In particular, we will focus on the vascularization of the kidney organoids, which appears to be one of the critical factors to achieve maturation and functionality of the organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Khoshdel Rad N, Aghdami N, Moghadasali R. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Development: From the Embryo to the Kidney Organoid. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:183. [PMID: 32266264 PMCID: PMC7105577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the metanephric kidney is strongly dependent on complex signaling pathways and cell-cell communication between at least four major progenitor cell populations (ureteric bud, nephron, stromal, and endothelial progenitors) in the nephrogenic zone. In recent years, the improvement of human-PSC-derived kidney organoids has opened new avenues of research on kidney development, physiology, and diseases. Moreover, the kidney organoids provide a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model for the study of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in the developing kidney. In vitro re-creation of a higher-order and vascularized kidney with all of its complexity is a challenging issue; however, some progress has been made in the past decade. This review focuses on major signaling pathways and transcription factors that have been identified which coordinate cell fate determination required for kidney development. We discuss how an extensive knowledge of these complex biological mechanisms translated into the dish, thus allowed the establishment of 3D human-PSC-derived kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Pasquier J, Ghiabi P, Chouchane L, Razzouk K, Rafii S, Rafii A. Angiocrine endothelium: from physiology to cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:52. [PMID: 32014047 PMCID: PMC6998193 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of cancer as a cell-autonomous disease has been challenged by the wealth of knowledge gathered in the past decades on the importance of tumor microenvironment (TM) in cancer progression and metastasis. The significance of endothelial cells (ECs) in this scenario was initially attributed to their role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis that is critical for tumor initiation and growth. Nevertheless, the identification of endothelial-derived angiocrine factors illustrated an alternative non-angiogenic function of ECs contributing to both physiological and pathological tissue development. Gene expression profiling studies have demonstrated distinctive expression patterns in tumor-associated endothelial cells that imply a bilateral crosstalk between tumor and its endothelium. Recently, some of the molecular determinants of this reciprocal interaction have been identified which are considered as potential targets for developing novel anti-angiocrine therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pasquier
- Nice Breast Institute, 57 bld de la Californie, 06000, Nice, France.
- Stem Cell & Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Pegah Ghiabi
- Stem Cell & Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kais Razzouk
- Nice Breast Institute, 57 bld de la Californie, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Arash Rafii
- Nice Breast Institute, 57 bld de la Californie, 06000, Nice, France
- Stem Cell & Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Tran T, Lindström NO, Ransick A, De Sena Brandine G, Guo Q, Kim AD, Der B, Peti-Peterdi J, Smith AD, Thornton M, Grubbs B, McMahon JA, McMahon AP. In Vivo Developmental Trajectories of Human Podocyte Inform In Vitro Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Podocytes. Dev Cell 2020; 50:102-116.e6. [PMID: 31265809 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The renal corpuscle of the kidney comprises a glomerular vasculature embraced by podocytes and supported by mesangial myofibroblasts, which ensure plasma filtration at the podocyte-generated slit diaphragm. With a spectrum of podocyte-expressed gene mutations causing chronic disease, an enhanced understanding of podocyte development and function to create relevant in vitro podocyte models is a clinical imperative. To characterize podocyte development, scRNA-seq was performed on human fetal kidneys, identifying distinct transcriptional signatures accompanying the differentiation of functional podocytes from progenitors. Interestingly, organoid-generated podocytes exhibited highly similar, progressive transcriptional profiles despite an absence of the vasculature, although abnormal gene expression was pinpointed in late podocytes. On transplantation into mice, organoid-derived podocytes recruited the host vasculature and partially corrected transcriptional profiles. Thus, human podocyte development is mostly intrinsically regulated and vascular interactions refine maturation. These studies support the application of organoid-derived podocytes to model disease and to restore or replace normal kidney functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Tran
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Ransick
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Guilherme De Sena Brandine
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Albert D Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Balint Der
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Janos Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew Thornton
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jill A McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Kim YA, Chun SY, Park SB, Kang E, Koh WG, Kwon TG, Han DK, Joung YK. Scaffold-supported extracellular matrices preserved by magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles for renal tissue regeneration. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5427-5440. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00871k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix-supported scaffolds made up of PLGA were prepared with the enhanced preservation of ECM components by composites with magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles, and were applied for renal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ah Kim
- Center for Biomaterials
- Biomedical Research Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- BioMedical Research Institute
- Kyungpook National University Hospital
- Daegu
- Korea
| | - Sung-Bin Park
- Department of Biomedical Science
- College of Life Sciences
- CHA University
- Sungnam
- Korea
| | - Eunyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science
- College of Life Sciences
- CHA University
- Sungnam
- Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology
- Kyungpook National University
- Kyungbuk
- Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science
- College of Life Sciences
- CHA University
- Sungnam
- Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials
- Biomedical Research Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul
- Korea
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Wang P, Chen Y, Yong J, Cui Y, Wang R, Wen L, Qiao J, Tang F. Dissecting the Global Dynamic Molecular Profiles of Human Fetal Kidney Development by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3554-3567.e3. [PMID: 30257215 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy renal function depends on normal nephrogenesis during embryonic development. However, a comprehensive gene expression profile of human fetal kidney development remains largely unexplored. Here, using a single-cell RNA-sequencing technique, we analyzed >3,000 human fetal renal cells spanning 4 months of development in utero. Unsupervised analysis identified two progenitor subtypes during cap mesenchyme development, suggesting a mechanism for sustaining their progenitor states. Furthermore, we identified critical transcriptional regulators and signaling pathways involved in the segmentation of nephron tubules. We explored the development of the highly heterogeneous collecting duct epithelia and dissected the metabolic gene repertoire and the extracellular matrix composition of the glomerular mesangium. The results provide insights on the molecular basis and regulatory events in human renal development. Moreover, the cell-type-specific expression features of causal genes in congenital renal diseases may be helpful in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yidong Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Yong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yueli Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Sulfatases, in Particular Sulf1, Are Important for the Integrity of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier in Zebrafish. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4508048. [PMID: 31428635 PMCID: PMC6679890 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4508048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 6-O-endosulfatases (sulfs) are important enzymatic components involved in the regulation of heparan sulfate by altering the sulfatation pattern. Specifically in the kidney, sulfs have been implicated in the glomerular podocyte-endothelial cell crosstalk and in the preservation of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) in different mouse models. Since it has been shown that in zebrafish larvae, Sulf1, Sulf2a, and Sulf2b are expressed in the pronephric kidney we set out to establish if a reduction in sulf expression leads to GFB dysfunction. Here, we show that a reduced sulf expression following morpholino (MO) induced knockdown in zebrafish larvae promotes damage to the GFB leading to renal plasma protein loss from the circulation. Moreover, a combined knockdown of Sulf1, Sulf2a, and Sulf2b is associated with severe morphologic changes including narrowing of the fenestration between glomerular endothelial cells as well as thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and podocyte foot process effacement, suggesting that glomerular damage is an underlying cause of the circulatory protein loss observed after MO injection. Additionally, we show that a decrease in sulf expression reduces the bioavailability of VegfA in the glomerulus of the pronephros, which may contribute to the structural changes observed in the glomeruli of morphant fish. Furthermore, consistent with previous results, knockdown of the sulfs is associated with arteriovenous malformations in particular in the tail region of the larvae. Overall, taken together our results suggest that 6-O-endosulfatases are important in the preservation of GFB integrity and a reduction in their expression levels induces phenotypic changes that are indicative of renal protein loss.
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PGRN acts as a novel regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis by facilitating mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis to prevent podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:524. [PMID: 31285425 PMCID: PMC6614416 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a key mediator in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction hold considerable promise for the treatment of DN. In this study, we investigated the role of progranulin (PGRN), a secreted glycoprotein, in mediating mitochondrial homeostasis and its therapeutic potential in DN. We found that the level of PGRN was significantly reduced in the kidney from STZ-induced diabetic mice and patients with biopsy-proven DN compared with healthy controls. In DN model, PGRN-deficient mice aggravated podocyte injury and proteinuria versus wild-type mice. Functionally, PGRN deficiency exacerbated mitochondrial damage and dysfunction in podocytes from diabetic mice. In vitro, treatment with recombinant human PGRN (rPGRN) attenuated high glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes accompanied by enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. Inhibition of mitophagy disturbed the protective effects of PGRN in high glucose-induced podocytotoxicity. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PGRN maintained mitochondrial homeostasis via PGRN-Sirt1-PGC-1α/FoxO1 signaling-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. Finally, we provided direct evidence for therapeutic potential of PGRN in mice with DN. This study provides new insights into the novel role of PGRN in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, suggesting that PGRN may be an innovative therapeutic strategy for treating patients with DN.
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Vigorito C, Anishchenko E, Mele L, Capolongo G, Trepiccione F, Zacchia M, Lombari P, Capasso R, Ingrosso D, Perna AF. Uremic Toxin Lanthionine Interferes with the Transsulfuration Pathway, Angiogenetic Signaling and Increases Intracellular Calcium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2269. [PMID: 31071929 PMCID: PMC6539355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) The beneficial effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the cardiovascular and nervous system have recently been re-evaluated. It has been shown that lanthionine, a side product of H2S biosynthesis, previously used as a marker for H2S production, is dramatically increased in circulation in uremia, while H2S release is impaired. Thus, lanthionine could be classified as a novel uremic toxin. Our research was aimed at defining the mechanism(s) for lanthionine toxicity. (2) The effect of lanthionine on H2S release was tested by a novel lead acetate strip test (LAST) in EA.hy926 cell cultures. Effects of glutathione, as a redox agent, were assayed. Levels of sulfane sulfur were evaluated using the SSP4 probe and flow cytometry. Protein content and glutathionylation were analyzed by Western Blotting and immunoprecipitation, respectively. Gene expression and miRNA levels were assessed by qPCR. (3) We demonstrated that, in endothelial cells, lanthionine hampers H2S release; reduces protein content and glutathionylation of transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine-β-synthase; modifies the expression of miR-200c and miR-423; lowers expression of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF; increases Ca2+ levels. (4) Lanthionine-induced alterations in cell cultures, which involve both sulfur amino acid metabolism and calcium homeostasis, are consistent with uremic dysfunctional characteristics and further support the uremic toxin role of this amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Vigorito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Evgeniya Anishchenko
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Biogem A. C. S. R. L. Contrada Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino AV, Italy.
| | - Miriam Zacchia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra F Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Horino T, Ichii O, Shimamura Y, Terada Y. Renal thrombotic microangiopathy caused by bevacizumab. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019. [PMID: 29520904 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Horino
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Shimamura
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Terada
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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40
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Frazier KS, Ryan AM, Peterson RA, Obert LA. Kidney Pathology and Investigative Nephrotoxicology Strategies Across Species. Semin Nephrol 2019; 39:190-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Earlier works of the glomerulogenesis described morphological steps and protein expression during in-vivo and in-vitro kidney development. Recent technologies using cell-specific or conditional knock-out mice for several factors provide important knowledge about cross-talk signaling among resident cells as local events. Based on the recent advancement, this review revisits comprehensive morphological development of the glomerulus. RECENT FINDINGS Interactions of presumptive podocyte vascular endothelial growth factor with vascular endothelial growth factor-2 on angioblasts initiate glomerular vascularization. In induced pluripotent stem cells or organoid-derived nephron formation, the lack of endothelium and mesangial cells under differentiated podocytes suggests the presence of another unknown mechanism for glomerular neovascularization. Mesangial cell migration is prerequisite for glomerular looping by interaction of endothelial platelet-derived grothe factor beta and mesangial platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta and requires the coreceptor neuropilin1. Development of the filtration barrier is promoted by cross-talk among resident cells and may need shear stress. The components of the glomerular basement membrane change during glomerulogenesis, and endothelium and podocytes produce laminin and type IV collagen α1 and α2, whereas type IV collagen α3, α4, α5 is derived only from podocytes. SUMMARY Glomerulogenesis progresses by dynamic cellular migration/differentiation induced by cross-talk signaling in resident cells. Glomerular vasculogenesis and subsequent capillary development provide insight into glomerular regeneration and remodeling for medical application.
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Daniel E, Cleaver O. Vascularizing organogenesis: Lessons from developmental biology and implications for regenerative medicine. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 132:177-220. [PMID: 30797509 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis requires tightly coordinated and patterned growth of numerous cell types to form a fully mature and vascularized organ. Endothelial cells (ECs) that line blood vessels develop alongside the growing organ, but only recently has their role in directing epithelial and stromal growth been appreciated. Endothelial, epithelial, and stromal cells in embryonic organs actively communicate with one another throughout development to ensure that the organ forms appropriately. What signals tell blood vessel progenitors where to go? How are tissues influenced by the vasculature that pervades it? In this chapter, we review the ways in which crosstalk between ECs and epithelial or stromal cells during development leads to a fully patterned pancreas, lung, or kidney. ECs in all of these organs are necessary for proper epithelial and stromal growth, but how they direct this process is organ- and time-specific, highlighting the concept of dynamic EC heterogeneity. We end with a discussion on how understanding cell-cell crosstalk during development can be applied therapeutically through the generation of transplantable miniature organ-like tissues called "organoids." We will discuss the current state of organoid technology and highlight the major challenges in forming a properly patterned vascular network that will be critical in transforming them into a viable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Daniel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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43
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Meng XM. Inflammatory Mediators and Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:381-406. [PMID: 31399975 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal inflammation is the initial, healthy response to renal injury. However, prolonged inflammation promotes the fibrosis process, which leads to chronic pathology and eventually end-stage kidney disease. There are two major sources of inflammatory cells: first, bone marrow-derived leukocytes that include neutrophils, macrophages, fibrocytes and mast cells, and second, locally activated kidney cells such as mesangial cells, podocytes, tubular epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. These activated cells produce many profibrotic cytokines and growth factors that cause accumulation and activation of myofibroblasts, and enhance the production of the extracellular matrix. In particular, activated macrophages are key mediators that drive acute inflammation into chronic kidney disease. They produce large amounts of profibrotic factors and modify the microenvironment via a paracrine effect, and they also transdifferentiate to myofibroblasts directly, although the origin of myofibroblasts in the fibrosing kidney remains controversial. Collectively, understanding inflammatory cell functions and mechanisms during renal fibrosis is paramount to improving diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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44
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Abstract
The main cellular constituents in glomerular mesangium are mesangial cells, which account for approximately 30-40% of the total cells in the glomerulus. Together with the mesangial matrix, mesangial cells form the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in the glomerulus, whose main function is to perform the filtration. Under the pathologic conditions, mesangial cells are activated, leading to hyperproliferation and excess extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, mesangial cells also secrete several kinds of inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokines, and enzymes, all of which participate in the process of renal glomerular fibrosis. During the past years, researchers have revealed the roles of mesangial cells and the associated signal pathways involved in renal fibrosis. In this section, we will discuss how mesangial cells are activated and its contributions to renal fibrosis, as well as the molecular mechanisms and novel anti-fibrotic agents. Full understanding of the contributions of mesangial cells to renal fibrosis will benefit the clinical drug developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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45
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Preeclampsia: A close look at renal dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:408-416. [PMID: 30399576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a unique pathophysiologic situation that physiologic interests of mother, fetus, and placenta diverge. PE is related to the increased circulating antiangiogenic factors originated from hypoxic placenta. It is simply defined by the new onset of hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) and proteinuria (≥0.3 g/day) after 20 weeks of gestation. PE is associated with kidney dysfunction due to deficiency in podocyte specific vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Hypoxic placenta in PE patients produces increased levels of fms-like tyrosine kinase 1(sFlt-1), a soluble receptor of VEGF. sFlt-1 abrogates binding of VEGF to its receptor on endothelial cells and podocytes, and ultimately damages the filtration barrier. Glomerular endotheliosis and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) are the main features of kidney involvement in PE and can induce clotting and vessel occlusion. This complex pathophysiology is ameliorated after delivery; however, permanent kidney damages may remain and is intensified thereafter. This review aims to highlight the biochemical, genetic, and immunological-involved factors in the initiation of PE and explores the relationship between the kidney and PE. This work mainly discusses the pathologic mechanisms of kidney involvement in PE through the lens of the imbalanced VEGF-VEGF receptor signaling pathway.
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Pfister F, Amann K, Daniel C, Klewer M, Büttner A, Büttner-Herold M. Characteristic morphological changes in anti-VEGF therapy-induced glomerular microangiopathy. Histopathology 2018; 73:990-1001. [PMID: 30014486 DOI: 10.1111/his.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have increasingly been used for the treatment of advanced malignancies, and have been found to induce renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and proteinuria. However, histomorphological changes in human biopsies in this setting and the underlying mechanism are not yet fully understood. Therefore, we collected renal biopsy cases with a history of aVEGF therapy to review and compare morphological kidney changes in this context. METHODS AND RESULTS Renal biopsies of 15 patients who had received anti-VEGF (aVEGF) therapy evaluated between 2013 and 2017 at a single centre were morphologically characterised with light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry (IgA, IgG, IgM, C1q, and C3), and compared with cases with acute TMA caused by atypical haemolytic-uraemic syndrome or hypertension. Morphological overlap with immune complex and cryoglobulinaemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, diabetic glomerulopathy and pre-eclampsia-induced glomerulopathy are discussed. Segmental glomerular capillary microaneurysms and segmental hyalinosis were typical morphological features of aVEGF therapy-induced glomerular microangiopathy, whereas fibrin or platelet thrombi or fragmented erythrocytes were rarely found or were absent. aVEGF therapy-associated microangiopathy was diffusely distributed in the glomeruli, spared preglomerular vessels, and showed morphological characteristics of chronic TMA. In individual cases, aVEGF therapy-induced glomerular microangiopathy was accompanied by immune-complex glomerulonephritis. CONCLUSION aVEGF therapy-induced glomerular microangiopathy has a characteristic morphology and clinical presentation that helps to differentiate it from other causes of TMA. Awareness of these light microscopic findings allows identification of aVEGF therapy as a trigger of renal disease in critically ill cancer patients, and might therefore help in deciding on further therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Pfister
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Klewer
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anke Büttner
- School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Wright RD, Beresford MW. Podocytes contribute, and respond, to the inflammatory environment in lupus nephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1683-F1694. [PMID: 30207171 PMCID: PMC6336988 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00512.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) affects up to 80% of juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients, leading to end stage renal failure requiring dialysis or transplantation in 10-15%. Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the glomerulus known to be a key site of damage in glomerular diseases. However, their roles in LN have yet to be fully identified. This project aims to identify structural and functional roles of podocytes in an in vitro model of LN. Conditionally immortalized podocytes were treated with proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-α, and IFN-γ) alone and in combination in an in vitro model of LN and were assessed for their structural and functional characteristics. Podocytes produce TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) at relatively low levels under basal conditions; stimulation with IL-1β led to increased secretion of IL-6 ( P = 0.011), IL-8 ( P = 0.05), VEGF ( P = 0.02), and M-CSF ( P = 0.03). Stimulation with TNF-α led to increased secretion of M-CSF ( P = 0.049) and stimulation with IFN-γ led to novel production of IL-10 ( P = 0.036) and interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 ( P = 0.036). Podocytes demonstrate a reduction in the area covered by filamentous-actin in response to IL-1β treatment within 1 h ( P = 0.011), which is restored by 24 h, associated with an increase in the level of intracellular calcium but not with increased cell death. Podocytes contribute to the inflammatory milieu in LN through cytokine/chemokine secretion and respond to the inflammatory milieu via rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton leading to effacement, a well-known method of protection against apoptosis in these cells. This demonstrates that podocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael D Wright
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Michael W Beresford
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK.,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool , UK
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Gong X, Guo X, Huang R, Liao H, Zhang Q, Yan J, Luo L, Zhang Q, Qiu A, Sun Y, Liang X. Expression of ILK in renal stroma is essential for multiple aspects of renal development. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F374-F385. [PMID: 29638158 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00509.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney development involves reciprocal and inductive interactions between the ureteric bud (UB) and surrounding metanephric mesenchyme. Signals from renal stromal lineages are essential for differentiation and patterning of renal epithelial and mesenchymal cell types and renal vasculogenesis; however, underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a key component of integrin signaling pathway, plays an important role in kidney development. However, the role of ILK in renal stroma remains unknown. Here, we ablated ILK in renal stromal lineages using a platelet-derived growth factor receptor B ( Pdgfrb) -Cre mouse line, and the resulting Ilk mutant mice presented postnatal growth retardation and died within 3 wk of age with severe renal developmental defects. Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutant kidneys exhibited a significant decrease in UB branching and disrupted collecting duct formation. From E16.5 onward, renal interstitium was disorganized, forming medullary interstitial pseudocysts. Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutants exhibited renal vasculature mispatterning and impaired glomerular vascular differentiation. Impaired glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor/Ret and bone morphogenetic protein 7 signaling pathways were observed in Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutant kidneys. Furthermore, phosphoproteomic and Western blot analyses revealed a significant dysregulation of a number of key signaling pathways required for kidney morphogenesis, including PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK in Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutants. Our results revealed a critical requirement for ILK in renal-stromal and vascular development, as well as a noncell autonomous role of ILK in UB branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ru Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Huimin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qingquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lina Luo
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qitong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yunfu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xingqun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
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49
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Development of the renal vasculature. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 91:132-146. [PMID: 29879472 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The kidney vasculature has a unique and complex architecture that is central for the kidney to exert its multiple and essential physiological functions with the ultimate goal of maintaining homeostasis. An appropriate development and coordinated assembly of the different vascular cell types and their association with the corresponding nephrons is crucial for the generation of a functioning kidney. In this review we provide an overview of the renal vascular anatomy, histology, and current knowledge of the embryological origin and molecular pathways involved in its development. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in renal vascular development is the first step to advance the field of regenerative medicine.
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Chaqour J, Lee S, Ravichandra A, Chaqour B. Abscisic acid - an anti-angiogenic phytohormone that modulates the phenotypical plasticity of endothelial cells and macrophages. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.210492. [PMID: 29361545 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) has shown anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties in preclinical models of diabetes and inflammation. Herein, we studied the effects of ABA on angiogenesis, a strictly controlled process that, when dysregulated, leads to severe angiogenic disorders including vascular overgrowth, exudation, cellular inflammation and organ dysfunction. By using a 3D sprouting assay, we show that ABA effectively inhibits migration, growth and expansion of endothelial tubes without affecting cell viability. Analyses of the retinal vasculature in developing normoxic and hyperoxic mice challenged by oxygen toxicity reveal that exogenously administered ABA stunts the development and regeneration of blood vessels. In these models, ABA downregulates endothelial cell (EC)-specific growth and migratory genes, interferes with tip and stalk cell specification, and hinders the function of filopodial protrusions required for precise guidance of vascular sprouts. In addition, ABA skews macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype characterized by anti-angiogenic marker expression. In accordance with this, ABA treatment accelerates macrophage-induced programmed regression of fetal blood vessels. These findings reveal protective functions of ABA against neovascular growth through modulation of EC and macrophage plasticity, suggesting the potential utility of ABA as a treatment in vasoproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne Chaqour
- The Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Sangmi Lee
- The Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Aashreya Ravichandra
- The Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- The Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA .,The Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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