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Olinder J, Stjernqvist MJ, Lindén A, Salomonsson ET, Annborn M, Herwald H, Rydén C. Hepcidin, in contrast to heparin binding protein, does not portend acute kidney injury in patients with community acquired septic shock. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299257. [PMID: 38696394 PMCID: PMC11065221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication in patients treated at an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The pathogenesis of AKI has been reported to involve hypoperfusion, diminished oxygenation, systemic inflammation, and damage by increased intracellular iron concentration. Hepcidin, a regulator of iron metabolism, has been shown to be associated with sepsis and septic shock, conditions that can result in AKI. Heparin binding protein (HBP) has been reported to be associated with sepsis and AKI. The aim of the present study was to compare serum hepcidin and heparin binding protein (HBP) levels in relation to AKI in patients admitted to the ICU. METHODS One hundred and forty patients with community acquired illness admitted to the ICU within 24 hours after first arrival to the hospital were included in the study. Eighty five of these patients were diagnosed with sepsis and 55 with other severe non-septic conditions. Logistic and linear regression models were created to evaluate possible correlations between circulating hepcidin and heparin-binding protein (HBP), stage 2-3 AKI, peak serum creatinine levels, and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). RESULTS During the 7-day study period, 52% of the 85 sepsis and 33% of the 55 non-sepsis patients had been diagnosed with AKI stage 2-3 already at inclusion. The need for RRT was 20% and 15%, respectively, in the groups. Hepcidin levels at admission were significantly higher in the sepsis group compared to the non-sepsis group but these levels did not significantly correlate to the development of stage 2-3 AKI in the sepsis group (p = 0.189) nor in the non-sepsis group (p = 0.910). No significant correlation between hepcidin and peak creatinine levels, nor with the need for RRT was observed. Stage 2-3 AKI correlated, as expected, significantly with HBP levels at admission in both groups (Odds Ratio 1.008 (CI 1.003-1.014, p = 0.005), the need for RRT, as well as with peak creatinine in septic patients. CONCLUSION Initial serum hepcidin, and HBP levels in patients admitted to the ICU are biomarkers for septic shock but in contrast to HBP, hepcidin does not portend progression of disease into AKI or a later need for RRT. Since hepcidin is a key regulator of iron metabolism our present data do not support a decisive role of initial iron levels in the progression of septic shock into AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Olinder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Albin Lindén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Annborn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Heiko Herwald
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Rydén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Schwartz L, Salamon K, Simoni A, Eichler T, Jackson AR, Murtha M, Becknell B, Kauffman A, Linn-Peirano S, Holdsworth N, Tyagi V, Tang H, Rust S, Cortado H, Zabbarova I, Kanai A, Spencer JD. Insulin receptor signaling engages bladder urothelial defenses that limit urinary tract infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114007. [PMID: 38517889 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly afflict people with diabetes. To better understand the mechanisms that predispose diabetics to UTIs, we employ diabetic mouse models and altered insulin signaling to show that insulin receptor (IR) shapes UTI defenses. Our findings are validated in human biosamples. We report that diabetic mice have suppressed IR expression and are more susceptible to UTIs caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Systemic IR inhibition increases UPEC susceptibility, while IR activation reduces UTIs. Localized IR deletion in bladder urothelium promotes UTI by increasing barrier permeability and suppressing antimicrobial peptides. Mechanistically, IR deletion reduces nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-dependent programming that co-regulates urothelial tight junction integrity and antimicrobial peptides. Exfoliated urothelial cells or urine samples from diabetic youths show suppressed expression of IR, barrier genes, and antimicrobial peptides. These observations demonstrate that urothelial insulin signaling has a role in UTI prevention and link IR to urothelial barrier maintenance and antimicrobial peptide expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schwartz
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Kristin Salamon
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Aaron Simoni
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Tad Eichler
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ashley R Jackson
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Matthew Murtha
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Andrew Kauffman
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Sarah Linn-Peirano
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Natalie Holdsworth
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Vidhi Tyagi
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hancong Tang
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Steve Rust
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hanna Cortado
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Irina Zabbarova
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anthony Kanai
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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3
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Matsuoka T, Abe M, Kobayashi H. Iron Metabolism and Inflammatory Mediators in Patients with Renal Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3745. [PMID: 38612557 PMCID: PMC11012052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects around 850 million people worldwide, posing significant challenges in healthcare due to complications like renal anemia, end-stage kidney disease, and cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the intricate interplay between iron metabolism, inflammation, and renal dysfunction in CKD. Renal anemia, prevalent in CKD, arises primarily from diminished erythropoietin (EPO) production and iron dysregulation, which worsens with disease progression. Functional and absolute iron deficiencies due to impaired absorption and chronic inflammation are key factors exacerbating erythropoiesis. A notable aspect of CKD is the accumulation of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS), which hinder iron metabolism and worsen anemia. These toxins directly affect renal EPO synthesis and contribute to renal hypoxia, thus playing a critical role in the pathophysiology of renal anemia. Inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-α and IL-6, further exacerbate CKD progression and disrupt iron homeostasis, thereby influencing anemia severity. Treatment approaches have evolved to address both iron and EPO deficiencies, with emerging therapies targeting hepcidin and employing hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers showing potential. This review underscores the importance of integrated treatment strategies in CKD, focusing on the complex relationship between iron metabolism, inflammation, and renal dysfunction to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Schwartz L, de Dios Ruiz-Rosado J, Stonebrook E, Becknell B, Spencer JD. Uropathogen and host responses in pyelonephritis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:658-671. [PMID: 37479904 PMCID: PMC10913074 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections seen in clinical practice. The ascent of UTI-causing pathogens to the kidneys results in pyelonephritis, which can trigger kidney injury, scarring and ultimately impair kidney function. Despite sizable efforts to understand how infections develop or are cleared in the bladder, our appreciation of the mechanisms by which infections develop, progress or are eradicated in the kidney is limited. The identification of virulence factors that are produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli to promote pyelonephritis have begun to fill this knowledge gap, as have insights into the mechanisms by which kidney tubular epithelial cells oppose uropathogenic E. coli infection to prevent or eradicate UTIs. Emerging data also illustrate how specific cellular immune responses eradicate infection whereas other immune cell populations promote kidney injury. Insights into the mechanisms by which uropathogenic E. coli circumvent host immune defences or antibiotic therapy to cause pyelonephritis is paramount to the development of new prevention and treatment strategies to mitigate pyelonephritis and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schwartz
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Juan de Dios Ruiz-Rosado
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily Stonebrook
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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5
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Chelangarimiyandoab F, Mungara P, Batta M, Cordat E. Urinary Tract Infections: Renal Intercalated Cells Protect against Pathogens. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1605-1614. [PMID: 37401780 PMCID: PMC10561816 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections affect more than 1 in 2 women during their lifetime. Among these, more than 10% of patients carry antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, highlighting the urgent need to identify alternative treatments. While innate defense mechanisms are well-characterized in the lower urinary tract, it is becoming evident that the collecting duct (CD), the first renal segment encountered by invading uropathogenic bacteria, also contributes to bacterial clearance. However, the role of this segment is beginning to be understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge on CD intercalated cells in urinary tract bacterial clearance. Understanding the innate protective role of the uroepithelium and of the CD offers new opportunities for alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Chelangarimiyandoab
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Hsu YC, Huang HC, Tang KS, Su LT, Huang YH, Huang HC, Chen IL. Elevated Urinary Hepcidin Level and Hypoferremia in Infants with Febrile Urinary Tract Infection: A Prospective Cohort Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050870. [PMID: 37238418 DOI: 10.3390/children10050870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the kinetics of serum and urinary hepcidin levels along with anemia-related parameters during the infection course of infants with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI), we enrolled febrile infants aged one to four months in this prospective study. Febrile patients with UTI were allocated into Escherichia coli (E. coli) or non-E. coli groups according to urine culture results. Septic workup, blood hepcidin, iron profile, urinalysis, and urinary hepcidin-creatinine ratio were collected upon admission and 3 days after antibiotic treatment. In total, 118 infants were included. On admission, the febrile UTI group showed a significant reduction in serum iron level and a significant elevation of urinary hepcidin-creatinine ratio compared to the febrile control counterpart. Moreover, urinary hepcidin-creatinine ratio had the highest odds ratio, 2.01, in logistics regression analysis. After 3 days of antibiotic treatment, hemoglobin and the urinary hepcidin-creatinine ratio were significantly decreased. Patients with an E. coli UTI had a significantly decreased urinary hepcidin-creatinine ratio after 3 days of antibiotics treatment, whereas the non-E. coli group showed insignificant changes. Our study suggested that the urinary hepcidin-creatinine ratio elevated during acute febrile urinary tract infection and significantly decreased after 3 days of antibiotics treatment, especially in E. coli UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Su Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Su
- Antai Medical Care Corporation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 33302, Taiwan
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7
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Repurposing HDAC inhibitors to enhance ribonuclease 4 and 7 expression and reduce urinary tract infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213363120. [PMID: 36652479 PMCID: PMC9942862 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213363120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, innovative approaches are needed for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Boosting antimicrobial peptide expression may provide an alternative to antibiotics. Here, we developed reporter cell lines and performed a high-throughput screen of clinically used drugs to identify compounds that boost ribonuclease 4 and 7 expression (RNase 4 and 7), peptides that have antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant uropathogens. This screen identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as effective RNase 4 and RNase 7 inducers. Validation studies in primary human kidney and bladder cells confirmed pan-HDAC inhibitors as well as the HDAC class I inhibitor, MS-275, induce RNase 4 and RNase 7 to protect human kidney and bladder cells from uropathogenic Escherichia coli. When we administered MS-275 to mice, RNase 4 and 7 expression increased and mice were protected from acute transurethral E. coli challenge. In support of this mechanism, MS-275 treatment increased acetylated histone H3 binding to the RNASE4 and RNASE7 promoters. Overexpression and knockdown of HDAC class I proteins identified HDAC3 as a primary regulator of RNase 4 and 7. These results demonstrate the protective effects of enhancing RNase 4 and RNase 7, opening the door to repurposing medications as antibiotic conserving therapeutics for urinary tract infection.
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8
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Vertebral Bone Marrow Clot towards the Routine Clinical Scenario in Spine Surgeries: What about the Antimicrobial Properties? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021744. [PMID: 36675259 PMCID: PMC9865225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring innovative techniques and treatments to improve spinal fusion procedures is a global challenge. Here, we provide a scientific opinion on the ability of a vertebral bone marrow (vBM) clot to provide a local combined delivery system not only of stem cells, signaling biomolecules and anti-inflammatory factors but also of molecules and proteins endowed with antimicrobial properties. This opinion is based on the evaluation of the intrinsic basic properties of the vBM, that contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and on the coagulation process that led to the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin fibers that enmesh cells, plasma but above all platelets, to form the clot. We emphasize that vBM clot, being a powerful source of MSCs and platelets, would allow the release of antimicrobial proteins and molecules, mainly cathelicidin LL- 37, hepcidin, kinocidins and cationic host defense peptides, that are per se gifted with direct and/or indirect antimicrobial effects. We additionally highlight that further studies are needed to deepen this knowledge and to propose vBM clot as multifunctional bioscaffold able to target all the main key challenges for spinal fusion surgery.
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Deng Q, Yang S, Sun L, Dong K, Li Y, Wu S, Huang R. Salmonella effector SpvB aggravates dysregulation of systemic iron metabolism via modulating the hepcidin-ferroportin axis. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-18. [PMID: 33475464 PMCID: PMC7833757 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1849996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron withholding, an essential component of nutritional immunity, plays a fundamental role in host resistance to Salmonella infection. Our previous study showed that SpvB, an important pSLT-encoded cytotoxic effector, facilitated Salmonella pathogenesis within macrophages via perturbing cellular iron metabolism. However, the underlying mechanisms of SpvB in Salmonella-relevant disorders of systemic iron metabolism have not yet been identified. Here, we demonstrated that SpvB facilitated Salmonella to scavenge iron from the host by modulating the hepcidin-ferroportin axis, a key regulator of systemic iron metabolism. We observed that SpvB enhanced hepatic hepcidin synthesis in a STAT3-dependent manner, but not the BMP/SMAD pathway. This subsequently resulted in a reduction of the unique cellular iron exporter ferroportin, which facilitated hypoferremia and hepatic iron accumulation and ultimately countered the limitation of iron availability, thereby improving the chances of Salmonella survival and replication. Moreover, SpvB promoted the production of proinflammatory molecules associated with the infiltration of inflammatory cells via highly upregulating TREM-1 signaling. Our data supported a role of TREM-1 in SpvB-related dysregulation of host iron metabolism and suggested that targeting TREM-1 might provide a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent or alleviate Salmonella pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Deng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China,CONTACT Shuyan Wu Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Sidi Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China,Rui Huang Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Lanqing Sun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kedi Dong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shuyan Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China,CONTACT Shuyan Wu Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China,Rui Huang Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
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Daher R, Ducrot N, Lefebvre T, Zineeddine S, Ausseil J, Puy H, Karim Z. Crosstalk between Acidosis and Iron Metabolism: Data from In Vivo Studies. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020089. [PMID: 35208164 PMCID: PMC8874512 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron absorption requires an acidic environment that is generated by the activity of the proton pump gastric H(+)/K(+)ATPase (ATP4), expressed in gastric parietal cells. However, hepcidin, the iron regulatory peptide that inhibits iron absorption, unexpectedly upregulates ATP4 and increases gastric acidity. Thus, a concept of link between acidosis and alterations in iron metabolism, needs to be explored. We investigated this aspect in-vivo using experimental models of NH4Cl-induced acidosis and of an iron-rich diet. Under acidosis, gastric ATP4 was augmented. Serum hepcidin was induced and its mRNA level was increased in the liver but not in the stomach, a tissue where hepcidin is also expressed. mRNA and protein levels of intestinal DMT1(Divalent Metal Transporter 1) and ferroportin were downregulated. Serum iron level and transferrin saturation remained unchanged, but serum ferritin was significantly increased. Under iron-rich diet, the protein expression of ATP4A was increased and serum, hepatic and gastric hepcidin were all induced. Taken together, these results provide evidence of in-vivo relationship between iron metabolism and acidosis. For clinical importance, we speculate that metabolic acidosis may contribute in part to the pathologic elevation of serum hepcidin levels seen in patients with chronic kidney disease. The regulation of ATP4 by iron metabolism may also be of interest for patients with hemochromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raêd Daher
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Nicolas Ducrot
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
- Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, APHP, Nord-Université de Paris, F-75014 Colombes, France
| | - Sofia Zineeddine
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, F-31024 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jérome Ausseil
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, F-31024 Toulouse, France;
| | - Hervé Puy
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
- Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, APHP, Nord-Université de Paris, F-75014 Colombes, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, F-31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence:
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Airway Epithelial Hepcidin Coordinates Lung Macrophages and Immunity Against Bacterial Pneumonia. Shock 2021; 54:402-412. [PMID: 31743298 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin is a liver-derived master regulator of iron metabolism through its molecular target ferroportin, the only known mammalian iron exporter. Accumulated evidence has shown the important roles of hepatic hepcidin in host defense and infections. Hepcidin is also expressed by airway epithelial cells. However, the function of epithelial hepcidin during bacterial pneumonia remains unknown. METHODS Pneumonia was induced in hepcidin-1-deficient and wild-type mice using the most common bacterial agents, and the effects of hepcidin on survival, bacterial burden, iron status, and macrophage phagocytosis after bacterial pneumonia were assessed. RESULTS Hepcidin levels decreased in airway epithelium during common pneumonia, while lung macrophage-derived ferroportin levels and pulmonary iron concentrations increased. Lack of hepcidin in the airway epithelium worsened the outcomes of pneumonia. Manipulation of hepcidin level in the airway epithelium in mice with macrophage-specific ferroportin deletion did not affect the progress of pneumonia. Increased pulmonary iron concentration not only facilitated bacterial growth but also led to the defective phagocytic function of lung macrophages via activation of RhoA GTPase through oxidation of RhoGDI. Furthermore, enhancing the hepcidin level in the airway epithelium rescued mice from lethal bacterial pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify an uncharacterized important role of airway epithelial hepcidin in protection against bacterial pneumonia and provide the basis for novel alternative therapeutic strategies for combatting bacterial pneumonia in future translational research.
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12
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Bender K, Schwartz LL, Cohen A, Vasquez CM, Murtha MJ, Eichler T, Thomas JP, Jackson A, Spencer JD. Expression and function of human ribonuclease 4 in the kidney and urinary tract. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F972-F983. [PMID: 33818125 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00592.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are essential host defense mechanisms that prevent urinary tract infections. Recent studies have demonstrated that peptides in the ribonuclease A superfamily have antimicrobial activity against uropathogens and protect the urinary tract from uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Little is known about the antibacterial function or expression of ribonuclease 4 (RNase 4) in the human urinary tract. Here, we show that full-length recombinant RNase 4 peptide and synthetic amino-terminal RNase 4 peptide fragment have antibacterial activity against UPEC and multidrug-resistant (MDR)-UPEC. RNASE4 transcript expression was detected in human kidney and bladder tissue using quantitative real-time PCR. Immunostaining or in situ hybridization localized RNase 4 expression to proximal tubules, principal and intercalated cells in the kidney's collecting duct, and the bladder urothelium. Urinary RNase 4 concentrations were quantified in healthy controls and females with a history of urinary tract infection. Compared with controls, urinary RNase 4 concentrations were significantly lower in females with a history of urinary tract infection. When RNase 4 was neutralized in human urine or silenced in vitro using siRNA, urinary UPEC replication or attachment to and invasion of urothelial and kidney medullary cells increased. These data show that RNase 4 has antibacterial activity against UPEC, is expressed in the human urinary tract, and can contribute to host defense against urinary tract infections.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ribonuclease 4 (RNase 4) is a newly identified host defense peptide in the human kidney and bladder. RNase 4 kills uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and multidrug-resistant UPEC. RNase 4 prevents invasive UPEC infection and suppressed RNase 4 expression may be a risk factor for more severe or recurrent urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Bender
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Laura L Schwartz
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ariel Cohen
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Claudia Mosquera Vasquez
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew J Murtha
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tad Eichler
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jason P Thomas
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ashley Jackson
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John David Spencer
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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13
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Mintz J, Mirza J, Young E, Bauckman K. Iron Therapeutics in Women's Health: Past, Present, and Future. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E449. [PMID: 33302392 PMCID: PMC7762600 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron plays a unique physiological role in the maintenance of homeostasis and the pathological outcomes of the female reproductive tract. The dual nature of elemental iron has created an evolutionary need to tightly regulate its biological concentration. The female reproductive tract is particularly unique due to the constant cycle of endometrial growth and shedding, in addition to the potential need for iron transfer to a developing fetus. Here, iron regulation is explored in a number of physiologic states including the endometrial lining and placenta. While iron dysregulation is a common characteristic in many women's health pathologies there is currently a lack of targeted therapeutic options. Traditional iron therapies, including iron replacement and chelation, are common treatment options for gynecological diseases but pose long term negative health consequences; therefore, more targeted interventions directed towards iron regulation have been proposed. Recent findings show potential benefits in a therapeutic focus on ferritin-hepcidin regulation, modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and iron mediated cell death (ferroptosis). These novel therapeutics are the direct result of previous research in iron's complex signaling pathway and show promise for improved therapy, diagnosis, and prognosis in women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyle Bauckman
- Department of Academic Affairs, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA; (J.M.); (J.M.); (E.Y.)
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14
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Nairz M, Weiss G. Iron in infection and immunity. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 75:100864. [PMID: 32461004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all living cells. In infectious diseases, both invading pathogens and mammalian cells including those of the immune system require iron to sustain their function, metabolism and proliferation. On the one hand, microbial iron uptake is linked to the virulence of most human pathogens. On the other hand, the sequestration of iron from bacteria and other microorganisms is an efficient strategy of host defense in line with the principles of 'nutritional immunity'. In an acute infection, host-driven iron withdrawal inhibits the growth of pathogens. Chronic immune activation due to persistent infection, autoimmune disease or malignancy however, sequesters iron not only from infectious agents, autoreactive lymphocytes and neoplastic cells but also from erythroid progenitors. This is one of the key mechanisms which collectively result in the anemia of chronic inflammation. In this review, we highlight the most important interconnections between iron metabolism and immunity, focusing on host defense against relevant infections and on the clinical consequences of anemia of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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15
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Perez E, Baker JR, Di Giandomenico S, Kermani P, Parker J, Kim K, Yang J, Barnes PJ, Vaulont S, Scandura JM, Donnelly LE, Stout-Delgado H, Cloonan SM. Hepcidin Is Essential for Alveolar Macrophage Function and Is Disrupted by Smoke in a Murine Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2489-2498. [PMID: 32958690 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung disease associated with cigarette smoking. Alterations in local lung and systemic iron regulation are associated with disease progression and pathogenesis. Hepcidin, an iron regulatory peptide hormone, is altered in subjects with COPD; however, the molecular role of hepcidin in COPD pathogenesis remains to be determined. In this study, using a murine model of smoke-induced COPD, we demonstrate that lung and circulating hepcidin levels are inhibited by cigarette smoke. We show that cigarette smoke exposure increases erythropoietin and bone marrow-derived erythroferrone and leads to expanded but inefficient erythropoiesis in murine bone marrow and an increase in ferroportin on alveolar macrophages (AMs). AMs from smokers and subjects with COPD display increased expression of ferroportin as well as hepcidin. Notably, murine AMs exposed to smoke fail to increase hepcidin in response to Gram-negative or Gram-positive infection. Loss of hepcidin in vivo results in blunted functional responses of AMs and exaggerated responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jonathan R Baker
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Di Giandomenico
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Pouneh Kermani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jacqueline Parker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Kihwan Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Vaulont
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Joseph M Scandura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Stout-Delgado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Suzanne M Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065; .,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR04, Ireland
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16
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Thévenod F, Lee WK, Garrick MD. Iron and Cadmium Entry Into Renal Mitochondria: Physiological and Toxicological Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:848. [PMID: 32984336 PMCID: PMC7492674 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of body fluid homeostasis is a major renal function, occurring largely through epithelial solute transport in various nephron segments driven by Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Energy demands are greatest in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb where mitochondrial ATP production occurs through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria contain 20-80% of the cell's iron, copper, and manganese that are imported for their redox properties, primarily for electron transport. Redox reactions, however, also lead to reactive, toxic compounds, hence careful control of redox-active metal import into mitochondria is necessary. Current dogma claims the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is freely permeable to metal ions, while the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is selectively permeable. Yet we recently showed iron and manganese import at the OMM involves divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), an H+-coupled metal ion transporter. Thus, iron import is not only regulated by IMM mitoferrins, but also depends on the OMM to intermembrane space H+ gradient. We discuss how these mitochondrial transport processes contribute to renal injury in systemic (e.g., hemochromatosis) and local (e.g., hemoglobinuria) iron overload. Furthermore, the environmental toxicant cadmium selectively damages kidney mitochondria by "ionic mimicry" utilizing iron and calcium transporters, such as OMM DMT1 or IMM calcium uniporter, and by disrupting the electron transport chain. Consequently, unraveling mitochondrial metal ion transport may help develop new strategies to prevent kidney injury induced by metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thévenod
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Michael D Garrick
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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17
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Lacerda Mariano L, Ingersoll MA. The immune response to infection in the bladder. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:439-458. [PMID: 32661333 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bladder is continuously protected by passive defences such as a mucus layer, antimicrobial peptides and secretory immunoglobulins; however, these defences are occasionally overcome by invading bacteria that can induce a strong host inflammatory response in the bladder. The urothelium and resident immune cells produce additional defence molecules, cytokines and chemokines, which recruit inflammatory cells to the infected tissue. Resident and recruited immune cells act together to eradicate bacteria from the bladder and to develop lasting immune memory against infection. However, urinary tract infection (UTI) is commonly recurrent, suggesting that the induction of a memory response in the bladder is inadequate to prevent reinfection. Additionally, infection seems to induce long-lasting changes in the urothelium, which can render the tissue more susceptible to future infection. The innate immune response is well-studied in the field of UTI, but considerably less is known about how adaptive immunity develops and how repair mechanisms restore bladder homeostasis following infection. Furthermore, data demonstrate that sex-based differences in immunity affect resolution and infection can lead to tissue remodelling in the bladder following resolution of UTI. To combat the rise in antimicrobial resistance, innovative therapeutic approaches to bladder infection are currently in development. Improving our understanding of how the bladder responds to infection will support the development of improved treatments for UTI, particularly for those at risk of recurrent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Lacerda Mariano
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1223, Paris, France
| | - Molly A Ingersoll
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. .,Inserm, U1223, Paris, France.
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18
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Ching C, Schwartz L, Spencer JD, Becknell B. Innate immunity and urinary tract infection. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:1183-1192. [PMID: 31197473 PMCID: PMC6908784 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections are a severe public health problem. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to further compromise the quality of life and health of people who develop acute and recurrent upper and lower urinary tract infections. The host defense mechanisms that prevent invasive bacterial infection are not entirely delineated. However, recent evidence suggests that versatile innate immune defenses play a key role in shielding the urinary tract from invading uropathogens. Over the last decade, considerable advances have been made in defining the innate mechanisms that maintain immune homeostasis in the kidney and urinary tract. When these innate defenses are compromised or dysregulated, pathogen susceptibility increases. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of how basic science discoveries are elucidating essential innate host defenses in the kidney and urinary tract. In doing so, we highlight how these findings may ultimately translate into the clinic as new biomarkers or therapies for urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ching
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH USA,Center of Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH USA,Division of Urology, Nationwide Children’s, Columbus OH USA
| | - Laura Schwartz
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH USA,Center of Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH USA
| | - John David Spencer
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH USA,Center of Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s, Columbus, OH USA,Division of Nephrology, Nationwide Children’s, Columbus OH USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Center of Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
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19
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Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Kheyrolahzadeh K, Barzegari A, Rahbar Saadat Y, Zununi Vahed S. Medicinal signaling cells: A potential antimicrobial drug store. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7731-7746. [PMID: 32352173 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal signaling cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells derived from mammalian bone marrow and periosteum that can be extended in culture. They can keep their ability in vitro to form a variety of mesodermal phenotypes and tissues. Over recent years, there has been great attention over MSCs since they can impact the organ transplantation as well as autoimmune and bacterial diseases. MSCs can secrete different bioactive factors such as growth factors, antimicrobial peptides/proteins and cytokines that can suppress the immune system and prevent infection via direct and indirect mechanisms. Moreover, MSCs are able to increase bacterial clearance in sepsis models by producing antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, cathelicidins, lipocalin and hepcidin. It is the aim of the present review to focus on the antibacterial effector functions of MSCs and their mechanisms of action against the pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keyvan Kheyrolahzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Hashemi SH, Esna-Ashari F, Nemat Gorgani F, Tayebinia H, Mamani M. Increased serum levels of hepcidin and C-reactive protein in patients with brucellosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 112:509-512. [PMID: 30137576 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a classic acute phase protein has commonly been reported in acute brucellosis. Hepcidin is also an acute phase protein and has a critical role in host defense. The aim of this study was to compare the level of hepcidin and CRP in patients with brucellosis. Methods All patients with brucellosis referred to Sina Hospital during a 10-month period were included. Serum samples were checked for hepcidin levels in patients and also in the control group. Information on demographic and clinical characteristics was determined through completion of a questionnaire. Results A total of 42 patients with brucellosis and 42 healthy controls were enrolled. The most common symptoms of brucellosis were fever (76%) and arthralgia (69%). The mean serum level of hepcidin in patients (42.6±11.7 pg/mL) was significantly higher than in the controls (17.3±4.2 pg/mL) (p<0.001). The mean serum levels of CRP in patients and controls were 12.6±12.2 and 3.1±2.4 mg/L, respectively (p=0.001). Conclusions Increased serum levels of hepcidin in brucellosis can be considered a diagnostic biomarker of inflammation and active disease. Further studies are needed to identify the role of hepcidin as a host defense mechanism in brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hamid Hashemi
- Brucellosis Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Esna-Ashari
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Fahmideh Street, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Nemat Gorgani
- Brucellosis Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heydar Tayebinia
- Brucellosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mamani
- Brucellosis Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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21
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Daher R, Lefebvre T, Puy H, Karim Z. Extrahepatic hepcidin production: The intriguing outcomes of recent years. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1926-1936. [PMID: 31423425 PMCID: PMC6695539 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i15.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is the hyposideremic hormone regulating iron metabolism. It is a defensin-like disulfide-bonded peptide with antimicrobial activity. The main site of hepcidin production is the liver where its synthesis is modulated by iron, inflammation and erythropoietic signaling. However, hepcidin locally produced in several peripheral organs seems to be an important actor for the maintenance of iron homeostasis in these organs. This review highlights the presence of peripheral hepcidin and its potential functions. Understanding the role of extrahepatic hepcidin could be of great physiological and therapeutic importance for several specific pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raêd Daher
- Université Paris Diderot, Bichat site, Paris 75018, France
- Inflammation Research Center (CRI), INSERM U1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Paris 75018, France
- Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris 75018, France
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- Université Paris Diderot, Bichat site, Paris 75018, France
- Inflammation Research Center (CRI), INSERM U1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Paris 75018, France
- Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris 75018, France
| | - Hervé Puy
- Université Paris Diderot, Bichat site, Paris 75018, France
- Inflammation Research Center (CRI), INSERM U1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Paris 75018, France
- Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris 75018, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- Université Paris Diderot, Bichat site, Paris 75018, France
- Inflammation Research Center (CRI), INSERM U1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Paris 75018, France
- Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris 75018, France
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22
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Radosz A, Obuchowicz A. The role of hepcidin in regulating iron homeostasis in selected diseases. DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD MEDICINE 2019; 23. [PMID: 31280251 PMCID: PMC8522373 DOI: 10.34763/devperiodmed.20192302.137141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an element whose content in the human organism remains under strict control not only due to its involvement in many life processes but also because of its potential toxicity. The latest studies in iron metabolism, especially the involvement of hepcidin, which is the main regulator of iron homeostasis, broadened our knowledge in many medical fields (immunology, nephrology, hematology, gastrology). The present paper is a review of the literature devoted to the importance of hepcidin under selected conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Radosz
- Chair and Department of Pediatrics in Bytom, The School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland,Aleksandra Radosz Katedra i Oddział Kliniczny Pediatrii ul. Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom tel. (32) 78-61-504, (32)78-61-498
| | - Anna Obuchowicz
- Chair and Department of Pediatrics in Bytom, The School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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23
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Abstract
Iron is required for key aspects of cellular physiology including mitochondrial function and DNA synthesis and repair. However, free iron is an aberration because of its ability to donate electrons, reduce oxygen, and generate reactive oxygen species. Iron-mediated cell injury or ferroptosis is a central player in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. There are several homeostatic proteins and pathways that maintain critical balance in iron homeostasis to allow iron's biologic functions yet avoid ferroptosis. Hepcidin serves as the master regulator of iron homeostasis through its ability to regulate ferroportin-mediated iron export and intracellular H-ferritin levels. Hepcidin is a protective molecule in acute kidney injury. Drugs targeting hepcidin, H-ferritin, and ferroptosis pathways hold great promise to prevent or treat kidney injury. In this review we discuss iron homeostasis under physiological and pathologic conditions and highlight its importance in acute kidney injury.
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24
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Eichler T, Bender K, Murtha MJ, Schwartz L, Metheny J, Solden L, Jaggers RM, Bailey MT, Gupta S, Mosquera C, Ching C, La Perle K, Li B, Becknell B, Spencer JD. Ribonuclease 7 Shields the Kidney and Bladder from Invasive Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1385-1397. [PMID: 31239387 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018090929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that antimicrobial peptides, components of the innate immune response, protect the kidneys and bladder from bacterial challenge. We previously identified ribonuclease 7 (RNase 7) as a human antimicrobial peptide that has bactericidal activity against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Functional studies assessing RNase 7's contributions to urinary tract defense are limited. METHODS To investigate RNase 7's role in preventing urinary tract infection (UTI), we quantified urinary RNase 7 concentrations in 29 girls and adolescents with a UTI history and 29 healthy female human controls. To assess RNase 7's antimicrobial activity in vitro in human urothelial cells, we used siRNA to silence urothelial RNase 7 production and retroviral constructs to stably overexpress RNase 7; we then evaluated UPEC's ability to bind and invade these cells. For RNase 7 in vivo studies, we developed humanized RNase 7 transgenic mice, subjected them to experimental UTI, and enumerated UPEC burden in the urine, bladder, and kidneys. RESULTS Compared with controls, study participants with a UTI history had 1.5-fold lower urinary RNase 7 concentrations. When RNase 7 was silenced in vitro, the percentage of UPEC binding or invading human urothelial cells increased; when cells overexpressed RNase 7, UPEC attachment and invasion decreased. In the transgenic mice, we detected RNase 7 expression in the kidney's intercalated cells and bladder urothelium. RNase 7 humanized mice exhibited marked protection from UPEC. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that RNase 7 has a role in kidney and bladder host defense against UPEC and establish a foundation for investigating RNase 7 as a UTI prognostic marker or nonantibiotic-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tad Eichler
- Centers for Clinical and Translational Research and.,Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group
| | - Kristin Bender
- Centers for Clinical and Translational Research and.,Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group
| | - Matthew J Murtha
- Centers for Clinical and Translational Research and.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Laura Schwartz
- Centers for Clinical and Translational Research and.,Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group
| | | | - Lindsey Solden
- Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert M Jaggers
- Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; and.,Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sudipti Gupta
- Centers for Clinical and Translational Research and.,Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group
| | | | - Christina Ching
- Centers for Clinical and Translational Research and.,Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; and.,Divisions of Urology and.,Departments of Pediatric Surgery and
| | - Krista La Perle
- Comparative Pathology and Mouse Phenotyping Shared Resource, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Birong Li
- Centers for Clinical and Translational Research and
| | - Brian Becknell
- Centers for Clinical and Translational Research and.,Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; and.,Nephrology, and.,Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John David Spencer
- Centers for Clinical and Translational Research and .,Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; and.,Nephrology, and.,Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio
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25
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Bauckman KA, Matsuda R, Higgins CB, DeBosch BJ, Wang C, Mysorekar IU. Dietary restriction of iron availability attenuates UPEC pathogenesis in a mouse model of urinary tract infection. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F814-F822. [PMID: 30724105 PMCID: PMC6580250 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00133.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a critical nutrient required by hosts and pathogens. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the principal causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs), chelate iron for their survival and persistence. Here, we demonstrate that dietary modulation of iron availability limits UPEC burden in a mouse model of UTI. Mice on a low-iron diet exhibit reduced systemic and bladder mucosal iron availability and harbor significantly lower bacterial burden, concomitant with dampened inflammation. Hepcidin is a master regulator of iron that controls iron-dependent UPEC intracellular growth. Hepcidin-deficient mice ( Hamp1-/-) exhibit accumulation of iron deposits, persistent bacterial burden in the bladder, and a heightened inflammatory response to UTI. However, a low-iron dietary regimen reversed the iron overload and increased bacterial burden phenotypes in Hamp1-/- mice. Thus modulation of iron levels via diet can reduce UPEC infection and persistence, which may have significant implications for clinical management of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Bauckman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rina Matsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cassandra B Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
- Centre for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
- Centre for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
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26
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Touzot M, Lefebvre T, Roux A, Maheas C, Ridel C, Puy H, Karim Z. Functional erythropoietin-hepcidin axis in recombinant human erythropoietin independent haemodialysis patients. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:751-757. [PMID: 30175513 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Relatively few haemodialysis (HD) patients remain independent of recombinant human erythropoietin ('rHU-EPO free patients'). We investigated the role of EPO and hepcidin, two key hormones involved in anaemia. METHODS We report a monocentric case-control series. Iron status, EPO and hepcidin levels were analysed in 15 Adult HD (Age > 18 years) with a stable haemoglobin (Hb) level that have not received rHU-EPO for at least 6 months (=rHU-EPO free patients); and in 60 controls with a stable rHU-EPO dose and Hb level. RESULTS The rHU-EPO free patients had a higher Hb level compared to controls (12.1 ± 0.99 g/dL vs 11.1 ± 0.73, P = 0.0014), and a lower ferritin level (183 ± 102 vs 312 ± 166 ng/mL, P = 0.001). Hepcidin levels were lower in the rHU-EPO free patients (12.53 ± 10.46 ng/mL) compared to the controls (37.95 ± 34.33 ng/mL), P = 0.0033. Hepcidin levels correlated significantly with ferritin levels; but neither with transferrin saturation, C-reactive protein nor EPO levels. Unsupervised analysis revealed that rHU-EPO free patients had a specific clinical/biological profile (presence of renal cyst, longer dialysis vintage, lower ferritin, and EPO and hepcidin levels compared to the control group). Finally, we showed that a lower ferritin level might be a surrogate marker of a lower hepcidin status in this population. CONCLUSION Recombinant human erythropoietin free patients seem to restore the EPO-hepcidin axis that is critical for erythropoiesis. A specific combination of clinical and biological parameters may help to detect future rHU-EPO free patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Touzot
- Aura Paris Plaisance, Dialysis and Apheresis, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- Institut National de Santé en Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1149, centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France.,Centre Français des Porphyries, Hopîtal Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Arthur Roux
- Aura Paris Plaisance, Dialysis and Apheresis, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Hervé Puy
- Institut National de Santé en Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1149, centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France.,Centre Français des Porphyries, Hopîtal Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- Institut National de Santé en Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1149, centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France.,Centre Français des Porphyries, Hopîtal Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
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27
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Vela D. Systemic and local hepcidin as emerging and important peptides in renal homeostasis and pathology. Biofactors 2019; 45:118-134. [PMID: 30461080 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that the importance of hepcidin goes beyond its classical role in controlling systemic iron metabolism. Local hepcidins are emerging as important peptides for organ homeostasis in the brain, heart, blood vessels, and in cancer as well. Similarly, accumulating data indicate that hepcidin does seem to be an important factor in renal homeostasis. This review encompasses present knowledge concerning the role of hepcidin in renoprotection and its use as a biomarker of kidney diseases. Understanding the role of hepcidin in kidneys is important due to its relevance for kidney physiology and its potential therapeutic application in kidney pathologies. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):118-134, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driton Vela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosova
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28
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Murtha MJ, Eichler T, Bender K, Metheny J, Li B, Schwaderer AL, Mosquera C, James C, Schwartz L, Becknell B, Spencer JD. Insulin receptor signaling regulates renal collecting duct and intercalated cell antibacterial defenses. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5634-5646. [PMID: 30418175 DOI: 10.1172/jci98595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
People with diabetes mellitus have increased infection risk. With diabetes, urinary tract infection (UTI) is more common and has worse outcomes. Here, we investigate how diabetes and insulin resistance impact the kidney's innate defenses and urine sterility. We report that type 2 diabetic mice have increased UTI risk. Moreover, insulin-resistant prediabetic mice have increased UTI susceptibility, independent of hyperglycemia or glucosuria. To identify how insulin resistance affects renal antimicrobial defenses, we genetically deleted the insulin receptor in the kidney's collecting tubules and intercalated cells. Intercalated cells, located within collecting tubules, contribute to epithelial defenses by acidifying the urine and secreting antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) into the urinary stream. Collecting duct and intercalated cell-specific insulin receptor deletion did not impact urine acidification, suppressed downstream insulin-mediated targets and AMP expression, and increased UTI susceptibility. Specifically, insulin receptor-mediated signaling regulates AMPs, including lipocalin 2 and ribonuclease 4, via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling. These data suggest that insulin signaling plays a critical role in renal antibacterial defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Murtha
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tad Eichler
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristin Bender
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jackie Metheny
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Birong Li
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew L Schwaderer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Claudia Mosquera
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cindy James
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura Schwartz
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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29
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van Swelm RPL, Vos M, Verhoeven F, Thévenod F, Swinkels DW. Endogenous hepcidin synthesis protects the distal nephron against hemin and hemoglobin mediated necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:550. [PMID: 29749404 PMCID: PMC5945780 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobinuria is associated with kidney injury in various hemolytic pathologies. Currently, there is no treatment available and its pathophysiology is not completely understood. Here we studied the potential detrimental effects of hemoglobin (Hb) exposure to the distal nephron (DN). Involvement of the DN in Hb kidney injury was suggested by the induction of renal hepcidin synthesis (p < 0.001) in mice repeatedly injected with intravenous Hb. Moreover, the hepcidin induction was associated with a decline in urinary kidney injury markers 24p3/NGAL and KIM1, suggesting a role for hepcidin in protection against Hb kidney injury. We demonstrated that uptake of Hb in the mouse cortical collecting duct cells (mCCDcl1) is mediated by multi-protein ligand receptor 24p3R, as indicated by a significant 90% reduction in Hb uptake (p < 0.001) after 24p3R silencing. Moreover, incubation of mCCDcl1 cells with Hb or hemin for 4 or 24 h resulted in hepcidin synthesis and increased mRNA expression of markers for oxidative, inflammatory and ER stress, but no cell death as indicated by apoptosis staining. A protective role for cellular hepcidin against Hb-induced injury was demonstrated by aggravation of oxidative, inflammatory and ER stress after 4 h Hb or hemin incubation in hepcidin silenced mCCDcl1 cells. Hepcidin silencing potentiated hemin-mediated cell death that could be diminished by co-incubation of Nec-1, suggesting that endogenous hepcidin prevents necroptosis. Combined, these results demonstrate that renal hepcidin synthesis protects the DN against hemin and hemoglobin-mediated injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P L van Swelm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Madelon Vos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Verhoeven
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Thévenod
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology & Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Training and Research, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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30
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Pascoe MJ, Lueangsakulthai J, Ripley D, Morris RH, Maddocks SE. Exposure of Escherichia coli to human hepcidin results in differential expression of genes associated with iron homeostasis and oxidative stress. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4963743. [PMID: 29659799 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin belongs to the antimicrobial peptide family but has weak activity with regards to bacterial killing. The regulatory function of hepcidin in humans serves to maintain an iron-restricted environment that limits the growth of pathogens; this study explored whether hepcidin affected bacterial iron homeostasis and oxidative stress using the model organism Escherichia coli. Using the Miller assay it was determined that under low iron availability exposure to sub-inhibitory doses of hepcidin (4-12μM) led to 2-fold and 4-fold increases in the expression of ftnA and bfd, respectively (P < 0.05), in both a wild type (WT) and Δfur (ferric uptake regulator) background. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of oxyR and sodA, treated with 4 or 8 μM of hepcidin showed that expression of these genes was significantly (P < 0.05) increased, whereas expression of lexA was unchanged, indicating that hepcidin likely mediated oxidative stress but did not induce DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Pascoe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Jiraporn Lueangsakulthai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK.,Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Delia Ripley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Roger H Morris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Sarah E Maddocks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
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31
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Puy V, Darwiche W, Trudel S, Gomila C, Lony C, Puy L, Lefebvre T, Vitry S, Boullier A, Karim Z, Ausseil J. Predominant role of microglia in brain iron retention in Sanfilippo syndrome, a pediatric neurodegenerative disease. Glia 2018; 66:1709-1723. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Puy
- Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens F-80054 France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU Amiens Picardie; Amiens F-80054 France
| | - Walaa Darwiche
- Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens F-80054 France
| | - Stéphanie Trudel
- Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie Moléculaire, CHU Amiens Picardie, F-80054 Amiens, France and EA4666 Lymphocyte Normal, Pathologique et Cancers (LNPC); CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens F-80054 France
| | - Cathy Gomila
- Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens F-80054 France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU Amiens Picardie; Amiens F-80054 France
| | - Christelle Lony
- Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens F-80054 France
| | - Laurent Puy
- Département de Neurologie et Laboratoire de Neuroscience Fonctionnelle EA-4559; CHU Amiens Picardie; Amiens F-80054, France
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- INSERM U1149, Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France, DHU UNITY, Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex; Paris France
| | - Sandrine Vitry
- Unité de NeuroImmunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur; Paris F-75015 France
| | - Agnès Boullier
- Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens F-80054 France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU Amiens Picardie; Amiens F-80054 France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- INSERM U1149, Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France, DHU UNITY, Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex; Paris France
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens F-80054 France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU Amiens Picardie; Amiens F-80054 France
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32
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Ching CB, Gupta S, Li B, Cortado H, Mayne N, Jackson AR, McHugh KM, Becknell B. Interleukin-6/Stat3 signaling has an essential role in the host antimicrobial response to urinary tract infection. Kidney Int 2018; 93:1320-1329. [PMID: 29475562 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The signaling networks regulating antimicrobial activity during urinary tract infection (UTI) are incompletely understood. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels increase with UTI severity, but the specific contributions of IL-6 to host immunity against bacterial uropathogens are unknown. To clarify this we tested whether IL-6 activates the Stat3 transcription factor, to drive a program of antimicrobial peptide gene expression in infected urothelium during UTI. Transurethral inoculation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli led to IL-6 secretion, urothelial Stat3 phosphorylation, and activation of antimicrobial peptide transcription, in a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner in a murine model of cystitis. Recombinant IL-6 elicited Stat3 phosphorylation in primary urothelial cells in vitro, and systemic IL-6 administration promoted urothelial Stat3 phosphorylation and antimicrobial peptide expression in vivo. IL-6 deficiency led to decreased urothelial Stat3 phosphorylation and antimicrobial peptide mRNA expression following UTI, a finding mirrored by conditional Stat3 deletion. Deficiency in IL-6 or Stat3 was associated with increased formation of intracellular bacterial communities, and exogenous IL-6 reversed this phenotype in IL-6 knockout mice. Moreover, chronic IL-6 depletion led to increased renal bacterial burden and severe pyelonephritis in C3H/HeOuJ mice. Thus, IL-6/Stat3 signaling drives a transcriptional program of antimicrobial gene expression in infected urothelium, with key roles in limiting epithelial invasion and ascending infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Ching
- Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sudipti Gupta
- Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Birong Li
- Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hanna Cortado
- Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas Mayne
- Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley R Jackson
- Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kirk M McHugh
- Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Nephrology Section, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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33
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Vela D. Hepcidin, an emerging and important player in brain iron homeostasis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:25. [PMID: 29415739 PMCID: PMC5803919 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is emerging as a new important factor in brain iron homeostasis. Studies suggest that there are two sources of hepcidin in the brain; one is local and the other comes from the circulation. Little is known about the molecular mediators of local hepcidin expression, but inflammation and iron-load have been shown to induce hepcidin expression in the brain. The most important source of hepcidin in the brain are glial cells. Role of hepcidin in brain functions has been observed during neuronal iron-load and brain hemorrhage, where secretion of abundant hepcidin is related with the severity of brain damage. This damage can be reversed by blocking systemic and local hepcidin secretion. Studies have yet to unveil its role in other brain conditions, but the rationale exists, since these conditions are characterized by overexpression of the factors that stimulate brain hepcidin expression, such as inflammation, hypoxia and iron-overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driton Vela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Martyr's Boulevard n.n., 10000, Prishtina, Kosova.
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34
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Deschemin JC, Mathieu JRR, Zumerle S, Peyssonnaux C, Vaulont S. Pulmonary Iron Homeostasis in Hepcidin Knockout Mice. Front Physiol 2017; 8:804. [PMID: 29089902 PMCID: PMC5650979 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary iron excess is deleterious and contributes to a range of chronic and acute inflammatory diseases. Optimal lung iron concentration is maintained through dynamic regulation of iron transport and storage proteins. The iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin is also expressed in the lung. In order to better understand the interactions between iron-associated molecules and the hepcidin-ferroportin axis in lung iron balance, we examined lung physiology and inflammatory responses in two murine models of systemic iron-loading, either hepcidin knock-out (Hepc KO) or liver-specific hepcidin KO mice (Hepc KOliv), which do (Hepc KOliv) or do not (Hepc KO) express lung hepcidin. We have found that increased plasma iron in Hepc KO mice is associated with increased pulmonary iron levels, consistent with increased cellular iron uptake by pulmonary epithelial cells, together with an increase at the apical membrane of the cells of the iron exporter ferroportin, consistent with increased iron export in the alveoli. Subsequently, alveolar macrophages (AM) accumulate iron in a non-toxic form and this is associated with elevated production of ferritin. The accumulation of iron in the lung macrophages of hepcidin KO mice contrasts with splenic and hepatic macrophages which contain low iron levels as we have previously reported. Hepc KOliv mice with liver-specific hepcidin deficiency demonstrated same pulmonary iron overload profile as the Hepc KO mice, suggesting that pulmonary hepcidin is not critical in maintaining local iron homeostasis. In addition, the high iron load in the lung of Hepc KO mice does not appear to enhance acute lung inflammation or injury. Lastly, we have shown that intraperitoneal LPS injection is not associated with pulmonary hepcidin induction, despite high levels of inflammatory cytokines. However, intranasal LPS injection stimulates a hepcidin response, likely derived from AM, and alters pulmonary iron content in Hepc KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Deschemin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Jacques R R Mathieu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sara Zumerle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Carole Peyssonnaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vaulont
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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Abstract
Iron homeostasis relies on the amount of its absorption by the intestine and its release from storage sites, the macrophages. Iron homeostasis is also dependent on the amount of iron used for the erythropoiesis. Hepcidin, which is synthesized predominantly by the liver, is the main regulator of iron metabolism. Hepcidin reduces serum iron by inhibiting the iron exporter, ferroportin expressed both tissues, the intestine and the macrophages. In addition, in the enterocytes, hepcidin inhibits the iron influx by acting on the apical transporter, DMT1. A defect of hepcidin expression leading to the appearance of a parenchymal iron overload may be genetic or secondary to dyserythropoiesis. The exploration of genetic hemochromatosis has revealed the involvement of several genes, including the recently described BMP6. Non-transfusional secondary hemochromatosis is due to hepcidin repression by cytokines, in particular the erythroferone factor that is produced directly by the erythroid precursors. Iron overload is correlated with the appearance of a free form of iron called NTBI. The influx of NTBI seems to be mediated by ZIP14 transporter in the liver and by calcium channels in the cardiomyocytes. Beside the liver, hepcidin is expressed at lesser extent in several extrahepatic tissues where it plays its ancestral role of antimicrobial peptide. In the kidney, hepcidin modulates defense barriers against urinary tract infections. In the heart, hepcidin maintains tissue iron homeostasis by an autocrine regulation of ferroprotine expression on the surface of cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, hepcidin remains a promising therapeutic tool in various iron pathologies.
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Martin P, Tronnet S, Garcie C, Oswald E. Interplay between siderophores and colibactin genotoxin in
Escherichia coli. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:435-441. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martin
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRA, ENVTToulouse France
- Service de Bactériologie‐HygièneCHU ToulouseToulouse France
| | - Sophie Tronnet
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRA, ENVTToulouse France
| | - Christophe Garcie
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRA, ENVTToulouse France
- Service de Bactériologie‐HygièneCHU ToulouseToulouse France
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRA, ENVTToulouse France
- Service de Bactériologie‐HygièneCHU ToulouseToulouse France
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Boumaiza M, Carmona F, Poli M, Asperti M, Gianoncelli A, Bertuzzi M, Ruzzenenti P, Arosio P, Marzouki MN. Production and characterization of functional recombinant hybrid heteropolymers of camel hepcidin and human ferritin H and L chains. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 30:77-84. [PMID: 27980120 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a liver-synthesized hormone that plays a central role in the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis. To produce a new tool for its functional properties the cDNA coding for camel hepcidin-25 was cloned at the 5'end of human FTH sequence into the pASK-IBA43plus vector for expression in Escherichia coli The recombinant fusion hepcidin-ferritin-H subunit was isolated as an insoluble iron-containing protein. When alone it did not refold in a 24-mer ferritin molecule, but it did when renatured together with H- or L-ferritin chains. We obtained stable ferritin shells exposing about 4 hepcidin peptides per 24-mer shell. The molecules were then reduced and re-oxidized in a controlled manner to allow the formation of the proper hepcidin disulfide bridges. The functionality of the exposed hepcidin was confirmed by its ability to specifically bind the mouse macrophage cell line J774 that express ferroportin and to promote ferroportin degradation. This chimeric protein may be useful for studying the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction in cells and also as drug-delivery agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Boumaiza
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des protéines et des molécules bioactives, Institut Nationale des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (I.N.S.A.T.) BP 676, Tunis Cedex 1080, Tunisie
| | - Fernando Carmona
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11 , Brescia, Italy
| | - Maura Poli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11 , Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Asperti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11 , Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Proteomics Platform, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Bertuzzi
- Proteomics Platform, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Ruzzenenti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11 , Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11 , Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohamed Nejib Marzouki
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des protéines et des molécules bioactives, Institut Nationale des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (I.N.S.A.T.) BP 676, Tunis Cedex 1080, Tunisie
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Owusu-Boaitey N, Bauckman KA, Zhang T, Mysorekar IU. Macrophagic control of the response to uropathogenic E. coli infection by regulation of iron retention in an IL-6-dependent manner. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2016; 4:413-426. [PMID: 27980776 PMCID: PMC5134725 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the causative agent of over 85% of urinary tract infections (UTIs), elaborate a number of siderophores to chelate iron from the host. On the other hand, the host immune imperative is to limit the availability of iron to the bacteria. Little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying this host‐iron‐UPEC interaction. Our objective was to determine whether macrophages, in response to UPEC infection, retain extracellular siderophore‐bound and free iron, thus limiting the ability of UPEC to access iron. Methods Quantitative PCR, immunoblotting analysis, and gene expression analysis of wild type and IL‐6‐deficient macrophages was performed. Results We found that (1) macrophages upon UPEC infection increased expression of lipocalin 2, a siderophore‐binding molecule, of Dmt1, a molecule that facilitates macrophage uptake of free iron, and of the intracellular iron cargo molecule ferritin, and decreased expression of the iron exporter ferroportin; (2) bladder macrophages regulate expression of genes involved in iron retention upon UPEC infection; (3) IL‐6, a cytokine known to play an important role in regulating host iron homeostasis as well as host defense to UPEC, regulates this process, in part by promoting production of lipocalin 2; and finally, (4) inhibition of IL‐6 signaling genetically and by neutralizing antibodies against the IL‐6 receptor, promoted intra‐macrophagic UPEC growth in the presence of excess iron. Conclusions Together, our study suggests that macrophages retain siderophore‐bound and free iron in response to UPEC and IL‐6 signaling is necessary for macrophages to limit the growth of UPEC in the presence of excess iron. IL‐6 signaling and iron regulation is one mechanism by which macrophages may mediate UPEC clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Owusu-Boaitey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri
| | - Kyle A Bauckman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri
| | - Tingxuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri; Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
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van Swelm RPL, Wetzels JFM, Verweij VGM, Laarakkers CMM, Pertijs JCLM, van der Wijst J, Thévenod F, Masereeuw R, Swinkels DW. Renal Handling of Circulating and Renal-Synthesized Hepcidin and Its Protective Effects against Hemoglobin-Mediated Kidney Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:2720-32. [PMID: 26825531 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary hepcidin may have protective effects against AKI. However, renal handling and the potential protective mechanisms of hepcidin are not fully understood. By measuring hepcidin levels in plasma and urine using mass spectrometry and the kidney using immunohistochemistry after intraperitoneal administration of human hepcidin-25 (hhep25) in C57Bl/6N mice, we showed that circulating hepcidin is filtered by the glomerulus and degraded to smaller isoforms detected in urine but not plasma. Moreover, hepcidin colocalized with the endocytic receptor megalin in proximal tubules, and compared with wild-type mice, megalin-deficient mice showed higher urinary excretion of injected hhep25 and no hepcidin staining in proximal tubules that lack megalin. This indicates that hepcidin is reaborbed in the proximal tubules by megalin dependent endocytosis. Administration of hhep25 concomitant with or 4 hours after a single intravenous dose of hemoglobin abolished hemoglobin-induced upregulation of urinary kidney injury markers (NGAL and KIM-1) and renal Interleukin-6 and Ngal mRNA observed 24 hours after administration but did not affect renal ferroportin expression at this point. Notably, coadministration of hhep25 and hemoglobin but not administration of either alone greatly increased renal mRNA expression of hepcidin-encoding Hamp1 and hepcidin staining in distal tubules. These findings suggest a role for locally synthesized hepcidin in renal protection. Our observations did not support a role for ferroportin in hhep25-mediated protection against hemoglobin-induced early injury, but other mechanisms of cellular iron handling may be involved. In conclusion, our data suggest that both systemically delivered and locally produced hepcidin protect against hemoglobin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank Thévenod
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Training and Research, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany; and
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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