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Zuriaga E, Pintová J, Bartual J, Badenes ML. Characterization of the Spanish Pomegranate Germplasm Collection Maintained at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Elche to Identify Promising Breeding Materials. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091257. [PMID: 35567258 PMCID: PMC9101082 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranates were one of the first domesticated fruit crops, and their long history resulted in the development of local cultivars all over the world. Spain is one of the main producers and exporters of this crop in the Mediterranean Basin, but in order to maintain the competitiveness of this crop, new varieties should be developed. For this purpose, the pomegranate germplasm collection hold at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Elche, a public institution dependent on the Valencian regional government, is an interesting tool. However, the detailed characterization of any germplasm collection is a fundamental requirement to be able to make the most of these resources, allowing to identify putative promising accessions and to optimize the design of the future crosses. In this work, the genetic diversity of 94 accessions of this collection was analyzed using 19 microsatellite markers. As a result, 85 different genotypes were identified. These genetic profiles could be useful for varietal identification. Despite this genetic diversity, no clear substructure was observed, except for the ornamental accessions, that could be related to the vegetative propagation of the species. Additionally, the morphological characterization of this collection has made it possible to identify some materials that may be of interest as a source of traits for breeding. Results presented here pave the way for further genetic analyses, allowing the selection of parents to obtain segregating populations, as well as their descendants by the use of molecular assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zuriaga
- Citriculture and Plant Production Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km. 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.); (M.L.B.)
- Correspondence: (E.Z.); (J.B.)
| | - Jitka Pintová
- Citriculture and Plant Production Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km. 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Julián Bartual
- Citriculture and Plant Production Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km. 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.); (M.L.B.)
- Agricultural Experiment Station of Elche, CV-855, Km. 1, 03290 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.Z.); (J.B.)
| | - María Luisa Badenes
- Citriculture and Plant Production Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km. 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.); (M.L.B.)
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Vuletin Selak G, Baruca Arbeiter A, Cuevas J, Perica S, Pujic P, Raboteg Božiković M, Bandelj D. Seed Paternity Analysis Using SSR Markers to Assess Successful Pollen Donors in Mixed Olive Orchards. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112356. [PMID: 34834719 PMCID: PMC8624852 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is a wind-pollinated crop that exhibits an extreme alternate bearing habit. To improve fruit set, several methods have been used to determine the most successful compatible combinations of cultivars. In this study, priority is given to seed paternity analysis based on simple sequence repeats (SSRs), microsatellite markers used for the identification of potential pollen donors of cultivar ‘Oblica’ in a mixed olive orchard during two consecutive years. Seven microsatellite primers were successfully used to examine the paternity of olive embryos from ‘Oblica’ mother trees. Embryos were considered as a product of self-fertilization if only maternal alleles were present, but not a single case of self-fertilization was found among all the embryos analyzed. Two dominant pollen donors were not the closest nor the cultivars with the highest number of trees in the orchard, suggesting that cross-compatibility may have a key role in determining pollen donor success. In our earlier studies, pollen tube growth and fertilization success correlated with fruit set when controlled crosses between cultivars were performed; however, some discrepancy might appear compared to paternity analyses when mother trees have a free choice among different pollen sources from cultivars growing in their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vuletin Selak
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.P.); (M.R.B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-434-436
| | - Alenka Baruca Arbeiter
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (A.B.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Julián Cuevas
- Department of Agronomy, University of Almería, CeiA3, La Cañada de San Urbano, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Slavko Perica
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.P.); (M.R.B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petar Pujic
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Marina Raboteg Božiković
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.P.); (M.R.B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Bandelj
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (A.B.A.); (D.B.)
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Kramberger K, Barlič-Maganja D, Bandelj D, Baruca Arbeiter A, Peeters K, Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Jenko Pražnikar Z. HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Comparison of the Hydroalcoholic and Water Extracts from Two Helichrysum italicum Species. Metabolites 2020; 10:E403. [PMID: 33053777 PMCID: PMC7600872 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean plant Helichrysum italicum represents a rich source of versatile bioactive compounds with potential benefits for human health. Despite extensive research on the plant's active constituents, little attention has yet been paid to characterizing the relationship between its intra-specific genetic diversity and metabolite profile. The study aimed to determine metabolic profile of H. italicum ssp. italicum (HII) and ssp. tyrrhenicum (HIT) cultivated on the experimental plantation in Slovenia and to compare the chemical composition of extracts regarding the solvent extraction process. Extracts were prepared upon conventional extract preparation procedures: maceration with 50 % methanol or ethanol and cold or hot water infusion and analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection-Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS). One hundred compounds were identified in the samples, among them several isomers and derivatives were reported for the first time, while caffeoylquinic acids and pyrones were the most abundant. Semi-quantitative comparison revealed that the extraction procedure had a greater impact on the chemical profile than genetic variability. All HIT extracts showed a higher total phenolic content compared to HII, while the antioxidant potential evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil test was not proportionally higher. In addition, hot water extracts proved to be comparably active as alcoholic ones, confirming high commercial potential of Helichrysum italicum as herbal functional beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kramberger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (D.B.-M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Barlič-Maganja
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (D.B.-M.)
| | - Dunja Bandelj
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (D.B.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Alenka Baruca Arbeiter
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (D.B.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Kelly Peeters
- InnoRenew CoE, 6310 Izola, Slovenia;
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (D.B.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Zala Jenko Pražnikar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (D.B.-M.)
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Beghè D, Cirlini M, Beneventi E, Miroslav Č, Tatjana P, Ganino T, Petruccelli R, Dall’Asta C. Volatile profile of Italian and Montenegrine pomegranate juices for geographical origin classification. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Potrč S, Kraševac Glaser T, Vesel A, Poklar Ulrih N, Fras Zemljič L. Two-Layer Functional Coatings of Chitosan Particles with Embedded Catechin and Pomegranate Extracts for Potential Active Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1855. [PMID: 32824930 PMCID: PMC7565671 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-layer functional coatings for polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) films were developed for the active packaging concept. Prior to coating, the polymer films were activated by O2 and NH3 plasma to increase their surface free energy and to improve the binding capacity and stability of the coatings. The first layer was prepared from a macromolecular chitosan solution, while the second (upper) layer contained chitosan particles with embedded catechin or pomegranate extract. Functionalized films were analyzed physico-chemically to elemental composition using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and XPS. Further, oxygen permeability and wettability (Contact Angle) were examined. The antimicrobial properties were analyzed by the standard ISO 22196 method, while the antioxidative properties were determined with an ABTS assay. Functionalized films show excellent antioxidative and antimicrobial efficacy. A huge decrease in oxygen permeability was achieved in addition. Moreover, a desorption experiment was also performed, confirming that the migration profile of a compound from the surfaces was in accordance with the required overall migration limit. All these properties indicate the great potential of the developed active films/foils for end-uses in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Potrč
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.P.); (T.K.G.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Kraševac Glaser
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.P.); (T.K.G.)
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Teslova 30, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.P.); (T.K.G.)
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Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Schwarzkopf M. Phenolic Compounds in Poorly Represented Mediterranean Plants in Istria: Health Impacts and Food Authentication. Molecules 2020; 25:E3645. [PMID: 32785191 PMCID: PMC7466117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are well-known bioactive compounds in plants that can have a protective role against cancers, cardiovascular diseases and many other diseases. To promote local food development, a comprehensive overview of the phenolic compounds' composition and their impact on human health from typical Mediterranean plants such as Punica granatum L., Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Arbutus unedo L., Celtis australis L., Ficus carica L., Cynara cardunculus var. Scolymus L. is provided. Moreover, the potential use of these data for authenticity determination is discussed. Some of the plants' phenolic compounds and their impact to human health are very well determined, while for others, the data are scarce. However, in all cases, more data should be available about the content, profile and health impacts due to a high variation of phenolic compounds depending on genetic and environmental factors. Quantifying variation in phenolic compounds in plants relative to genetic and environmental factors could be a useful tool in food authentication control. More comprehensive studies should be conducted to better understand the importance of phenolic compounds on human health and their variation in certain plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Primorska, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia;
| | - Matthew Schwarzkopf
- Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Primorska, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia;
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
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Traditional Decoction and PUAE Aqueous Extracts of Pomegranate Peels as Potential Low-Cost Anti-Tyrosinase Ingredients. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the anti-tyrosinase activity of different aqueous extracts obtained from pomegranate juice processing by-products. External pomegranate peels of two certified cultivars (Akko and Wonderful), were extracted using only water as the extraction solvent. A traditional decoction and a pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction (PUAE), both 10 min long, were performed and compared. All the aqueous extracts proved to be rich in bioactive compounds. In particular, the total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 148 to 237 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dried peels (DW), the radical-scavenging ability (RSA) ranged from 307 to 472 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g DW, the free ellagic acid content (EA) ranged from 49 to 94 µg/mL, and the ellagitannins (ETs) ranged from 242 to 340 µg/mL. For both cultivars, PUAE extracts had higher ET content and a lower EC50, while the decoctions had slightly higher TPC, RSA, and free EA amounts. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted the direct correlation between the ET content and the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition (lower values of EC50). These findings suggest the potential use of both these natural extracts as low-cost lightening and/or anti-browning ingredients exploitable in several formulations (e.g., cosmetics) or extemporarily usable.
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Miklavčič Višnjevec A, Baruca Arbeiter A, Hladnik M, Ota A, Skrt M, Butinar B, Nečemer M, Krapac M, Ban D, Bučar-Miklavčič M, Poklar Ulrih N, Bandelj D. An Integrated Characterization of Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Grown in the North Adriatic Region. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:17-28. [PMID: 31316273 PMCID: PMC6600307 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.01.19.5910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) has favourable horticultural properties including adaptation to arid conditions, abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as positive impact on human health. The present study describes the characterization of genetic diversity of the germplasm of jujube from the Istrian peninsula, the determination of important chemical compounds, antioxidative properties in relation to antibacterial and antifungal activities of jujube fruit extracts, and the determination of nutritional properties of jujube fruit. The results of the genetic analysis showed that most of the samples from the Istrian peninsula belong to two recently introduced varieties, 'Li' and 'Lang', and the most widespread local variety 'Navadna žižola'. The local variety has smaller fruit than the ‘Li’ and ‘Lang’ varieties, with thick and fleshy mesocarp. Chemical analysis indicated that fruits of the local variety contained a valuable source of dietary fibre ((9.7±0.6) g/100 g) and were rich in minerals such as (in g/100 g dry mass): potassium (829±51), calcium (177±11) and phosphorus (129±19). Aqueous extracts showed slight antibacterial activity, while ethanol extracts had higher mass fractions of phenolic compounds (expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), 5.8-8.7 mg/g) than the aqueous extracts, but did not show antimicrobial activity. Compounds other than phenolic compounds in jujube fruit may be more biologically active. Based on the results of these analyses, the local Istrian jujube variety is a promising candidate for cultivation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Baruca Arbeiter
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Hladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ajda Ota
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Skrt
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Butinar
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Marijan Nečemer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marin Krapac
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Ul. Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Dean Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Ul. Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | | | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dunja Bandelj
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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